Publications

construction of a cdna library from female adult of toxocara canis, and analysis of est and immune-related genes expressions.	toxocara canis is a widespread intestinal nematode parasite of dogs, which can also cause disease in humans. we employed an expressed sequence tag (est) strategy in order to study gene-expression including development, digestion and reproduction of t. canis. ests provided a rapid way to identify genes, particularly in organisms for which we have very little molecular information. in this study, a cdna library was constructed from a female adult of t. canis and 215 high-quality ests from 5'-ends ...	2011	21767535
results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from cats and dogs in germany between 2003 and 2010.	in a retrospective study, the results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from 8,560 cats and 24,677 dogs between january 2003 and december 2010 in germany were analysed. 30.4 % of the examined dogs and 22.8 % of the cats were infected with endoparasites. the examination of the faecal samples from dogs revealed stages of giardia spp. (18.6 %), toxocara canis (6.1 %), toxascaris leonina (0.6 %), ancylostomatidae (2.2 %), trichuris vulpis (1.2 %), capillaria spp. (1.3 %), crenosoma v ...	2011	21739375
efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (procox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against toxocara canis, uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum in dogs.	the efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (pro-and between 4 and 655 worms for hookworms. the cox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against different studies demonstrated 100 % efficacy of emodepside/ species of gastrointestinal nematodes (toxocara toltrazuril suspension against mature adult, =94.7% canis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria steno-efficacy against immature adult and 99.3 % efficacy cephala) was evaluated in nine randomised, against the l4 larval stage of t. canis. the efficacy blinded a ...	2011	21739370
evaluation of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in mice with visceral toxocariasis.	visceral toxocariasis is a serious public health problem with a cosmopolitan distribution. children are susceptible due to their immature immune system and high risks of infection. nevertheless, the few completed studies about immunosuppression have had controversial results. to evaluate the effect of two immunosuppressive drugs on the larval burden of toxocara canis, four groups of ten swiss strain mice each were inoculated on day 0 with 1,200 embryonated t. canis eggs. fifteen days before the ...	2011	21748353
[a case of pulmonary toxocariasis successfully treated with ivermectin].	a 36-year-old man who often ate raw chicken meat had abnormal chest radiograph findings on a health check-up in july 2009, and visited our department. a chest computed tomographic scan revealed 6 nodular shadows in both lungs, and a hematologic examination revealed eosinophilia and elevation of ige. because of his history of eating raw chicken meat, antiparasite antibody testing was performed which revealed antibodies to toxocara canis, leading to the diagnosis of pulmonary toxocariasis due to t ...	2011	21688651
seroprevalence and risk factors for canine toxocariasis by detection of specific igg as a marker of infection in dogs from salvador, brazil.	toxocara canis is a highly prevalent worldwide canine nematode responsible for enzootic and zoonotic infections. it is considered to be one of the main agents of human visceral and ocular larva migrans. false negative diagnosis may occur because adult infected dogs with "dormant" larvae may have negative fecal test results since they usually do not shed parasite eggs in their stools. during pregnancy, the larvae become active and infect the offspring through the placenta. a serological test can ...	2011	21703221
prevalence of toxocara canis in dogs, north west bank of palestine.	this study was performed to investigate the prevalence of toxocara canis in local districts in north west bank of palestine. fecal samples from 132 dogs were collected in nablus, tulkarm, and jenin cities from september 2008 to april 2009 and examined for t. canis eggs with the floating technique. the overall infection rate of toxocariasis in dogs was 36.4%. the dogs less than 6 months old showed higher infection rates than those older than 12 months (p=0.04). vigorous interventions are necessar ...	2011	21738276
seroprevalence of seven zoonotic infections in nunavik, quebec (canada).	in nunavik, common practices and food habits such as consumption of raw meat and untreated water place the inuit at risk for contracting zoonotic diseases. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of seven zoonotic infections among the permanent residents of nunavik. the study was conducted in the fall 2004 as part of the nunavik health survey. blood samples from adults aged 18-74ôçâyears (nôçâ=ôçâ917) were collected and analysed for the presence of antibodies against trichinell ...	2011	21824376
[prevalence and risk factors of human infection by toxocara canis in salvador, state of bahia, brazil].	larva migrans visceral is caused by toxocara sp and has never been studied in bahia. this work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by toxocara canis in individuals from salvador, state of bahia.	2011	21860903
survival of pochonia chlamydosporia in the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally treated dogs.	the predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate vc4) after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs was assessed in vivo against toxocara canis eggs. twelve dogs previously wormed were divided into two groups of six animals and caged. the treatments consisted of a fungus-treated group (vc4) and a control group without fungus. each dog of the fungus-treated group received a single 4g dose of mycelial mass of p. chlamydosporia (vc4). fecal samples from ...	2011	22100247
Seroprevalence of IgG anti-Toxocara species antibodies in a population of patients with suspected allergy.	Toxocara canis is an intestinal nematode affecting dogs and cats, which causes human infection when embryonated eggs excreted in dog feces are ingested. Humans are paratenic hosts. Although the larvae do not develop into adult worms in the human body, they may migrate to various tissues and organs where they can survive for several years, giving rise to several clinical symptoms, which can present in allergy-like form.	2011	22162932
toxocara canis myelitis: clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings, and treatment outcome in 17 patients.	toxocara myelitis is a rare disease. few cases have been reported in the literature. patients present with myelopathy, occasional eosinophilia in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), with abnormal signals on magnetic resonance imaging (mri). in the current study we report 17 cases of isolated toxocara myelitis from a single tertiary referral center in lebanon, with description of the clinical presentation, laboratory data, mri findings, and response to antihelminthic treatment. clinical and labo ...	2011	21862933
[Prevalence of ocular lesions in children seropositive to Toxocara canis].	Intraocular invasion by Toxocara canis is one of the most commonly recognized etiologies of uveitis and blindness in children. In order to estimate the prevalence of ocular lesions caused by toxocariasis in a pediatric referral hospital, we conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical charts of all children seropositive to Toxocara canis, who also had an eye exam between the years 2005 and 2009 at the Calvo Mackenna Children's Hospital in Santiago, Chile. We identified 175 children [mean age 6 ...	2011	22051620
clinical varieties of toxocariasis canis in children's hospital, mansoura university: is it an underestimated problem?	human toxocariasis is a worldwide parasitic disease. children are more frequently infected because of the closer contact with contaminated soil and relatively frequent geophagia. toxocariasis in children has variable modes of presentation but clinical diagnosis is difficult. various clinical phenotypes of toxocariasis in symptomatic children attending children's hospital mansoura university were studied. a total of 480 children were included in the study with mean age 7.24 +/- 4.22 years, 61.9% ...	2011	21980766
A novel C-type lectin identified by EST analysis in tissue migratory larvae of Ascaris suum.	C-type lectins (CTLs) are a group of proteins which bind to carbohydrate epitopes in the presence of Ca(2+), which have been described in a wide range of species. In this study, a cDNA sequence coding a putative CTL has been identified from the cDNA library constructed from the pig round worm Ascaris suum lung L3 (LL3) larvae, which was designated as A. suum C-type lectin-1 (As-CTL-1). The 510 nucleotide open reading frame of As-CTL-1 cDNA encoded the predicted 169 amino acid protein including a ...	2011	22006188
Coprological survey of alimentary tract parasites in dogs from Zambia and evaluation of a coproantigen assay for canine echinococcosis.	Faecal samples were collected from the rectum of 540 domestic dogs from four districts (Lusaka, Katete, Petauke and Luangwa) in Zambia between 2005 and 2006 and prevalences of canine alimentary tract parasites were determined by coprological examination. Thirteen different ova and parasites including strongyle (43·3%), Spirocerca lupi (18·7%), taeniid (13·1%), Toxocara canis (7·6%), Sarcocystis sp.* (7·5%), Isospora sp.* (5·7%), Physaloptera sp.* (4·6%), Capillaria sp.* (2·8%), Dipylidium cani ...	2011	22185947
frequency distributions of helminths of wolves in kazakhstan.	between 2001 and 2008 a total of 41 wolves (canis lupus) were necropsied in southern kazakhstan and their intestinal parasite fauna evaluated. of these animals 8 (19.5%) were infected with echinococcus granulosus, 15 (36%) with taenia spp, 13 (31.7%) with dypilidium caninum, 5 (12.2%) with mesocestoides lineatus, 15 (36.6%) with toxocara canis, 16 (39%) with toxascaris leonina, 8 (19.5%) with trichuris vulpis, 9 (22%) with macracanthorhynchus catulinus and 1 (2.4%) with moniliformis moniliformis ...	2011	21962968
[pet ownership and health status of pets from immunocompromised children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases].	to characterize pet ownership and pet health status in families of immunocompromised (is) children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases.	2011	21879144
[Hair coat contamination with zoonotic helminth eggs of farm and pet dogs and foxes].	Infections of dogs with Toxocara canis and Echinococcus multilocularis pose an infection-risk particularly for contact persons. We examined specimens of hair coat and faeces of 124 farm dogs, 118 household dogs, 49 kennel dogs, 15 puppies from two litters, and 46 red foxes. Microscopically identified eggs of Toxocara or taeniids were further investigated by species-specific PCRs. In farm dogs, eggs of E. multilocularis or T. canis were identified in each 2.4% of faecal samples, eggs of T. cati ( ...	2011	22191172
Liver abscess in human toxocariasis.	Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. It is distributed worldwide. Liver is the main organ affected by Toxocara infection, typically with multiple eosinophilic infiltrates. Liver abscess formation is a very rare condition.	2011	22180993
adult human case of toxocariasis with pulmonary migratory infiltrate and eosinophilia.	toxocariasis is a zoonosis which is in serbia characterized with a very high infection rate of dogs and excessive contamination of the soil with the eggs of toxocara canis, the agent of the disease. toxocara-induced infections have in recent years been established in a few hundreds of children, but toxocariasis has rather rarely been diagnosed in adults.	2011	22165756
[Eosinophilic liver abscess caused by Toxocara canis].		2011	22042425
Helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania.	SUMMARYRed foxes and raccoon dogs are hosts for a wide range of parasites including important zoonotic helminths. The raccoon dog has recently invaded into Europe from the east. The contribution of this exotic species to the epidemiology of parasitic diseases, particularly parasitic zoonoses is unknown. The helminth fauna and the abundance of helminth infections were determined in 310 carcasses of hunted red foxes and 99 of raccoon dogs ...	2011	21996514
seroepidemiological survey of helminthic parasites of stray dogs in sari city, northern iran.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of helminthic parasites in stray dogs' population especially zoonotic infections and to identify potential risk factors in the different areas of sari city in caspian area, north of iran. during the period from april to september 2007, 50 stray dogs were collected from urban areas of sari city. recovered parasites were fixed in alcohol and stained by carmine then observed by microscope. the taxonomic study was carried out by measur ...	2011	21916265
prevalence of selected zoonotic and vector-borne agents in dogs and cats in costa rica.	to estimate the prevalence of enteric parasites and selected vector-borne agents of dogs and cats in san isidro de el general, costa rica, fecal and serum samples were collected from animals voluntarily undergoing sterilization. each fecal sample was examined for parasites by microscopic examination after fecal flotation and for giardia and cryptosporidium using an immunofluorescence assay (ifa). giardia and cryptosporidium ifa positive samples were genotyped after pcr amplification of specific ...	2011	21846585
Analysis of the course and treatment of toxocariasis in children-a long-term observation.	Toxocariasis is a helminthozoonotic disease caused by ascarid larvae of Toxocara genus: Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. In the reported study, the clinical course of toxocariasis and administered therapy were evaluated in 103 children. The majority of the children (68.9%) were from the rural environment, with a prevalence of boys (62.1%). At diagnosis of infection, 36 (35%) children reported recurrent abdominal pain, 19 (18.4%) headache, 6 (5.8%) loss of appetite, 2 subfebrile conditions, and ...	2011	22205349
Confirmation of the efficacy of a combination tablet of spinosad and milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infections of canine intestinal nematode parasites.	Four separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MO) administered orally in combination to dogs for the treatment and control of naturally acquired infections of adult whipworm (Trichuris vulpis), hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) and ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina). Dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment quantitative nematode egg counts of each species of interest to one of two treatment groups of 10 or 11 ...	2011	22115944
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.	the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...	2011	21899952
toxocara infection and its association with allergic manifestations.	toxocara canis and toxocara cati are roundworms of dogs and cats that can also infect humans worldwide. although these parasites do not reach the adult stage in the human host the larvae migrate to different organs and can persist for many years. migration of larvae through the lungs may result in respiratory distress such as wheezing, coughs, mucous production and hyper-reactivity of the airways. epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that infection with this helminth contributes to t ...	2011	22214330
effects of nigella sativa and albendazole alone and in combination in toxocara canis infected mice.	nigella sativa extract has been used in the middle east as a traditional medicine for several complaints. we aimed to evaluate the biochemical, histopathological and hematologic changes in toxocara canis-infected mice after treatment with nigella sativa extract, albendazole or a combination of both.	2011	22360025
control of helminth contamination of raw vegetables by washing.	this study was conducted to determine the control of helminth egg contamination of raw vegetables by washing. a total of 199 unwashed and 199 washed lettuce, parsley, carrots, dill, rocket, and green-peppers, provided by a catering service in bursa, turkey, between march and june 2009, were subjected to helminth egg count under light microscopy. helminth eggs were detected in six (3.0%) unwashed samples and not in any washed samples (p<0.01). ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara spp. were detected ...	2011	20569015
[toxocariasis].	the clinical presentation of toxocariasis, a zoonotic parasitosis transmitted from dogs and cats to humans, can be very diverse, which is one of the reasons why toxocara-related disease may go unnoticed. this paper gives a brief summary of the various clinical presentations (covert/common toxocariasis, visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis), diagnostic and differential-diagnostic considerations as well as treatment and prevention. in brief, the diagnosis of human toxo ...	2011	21241625
prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of stray dogs impounded by the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (spca), durban and coast, south africa.	coprological examination was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of stray dogs impounded by the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (spca), durban and coast, south africa. helminth and protozoan parasites were found in faeces of 240 dogs with an overall prevalence of 82.5% (helminth parasites 93.1% and protozoan parasites 6.9%). the following parasites and their prevalences were detected; ancylostoma sp. (53.8%), trichuris vulpis (7.9%), spir ...	2010	21247022
efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs.	the efficacy, safety and palatability of a new flavoured chewable anthelmintic tablet were investigated in dogs. the efficacy, based on worm counts, of a single recommended therapeutic dose (rtd) of 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel/kg bodyweight was assessed in experimental infections (ei) and natural infections (ni) with trichuris vulpis, echinococcus granulosus and toxocara canis. for t vulpis, the efficacy of the treatment was 99.3 per cent in ei (comparing groups of six trea ...	2010	21257464
ovicidal activity of pochonia chlamydosporia and paecilomyces lilacinus on toxocara canis eggs.	an assessment was made of the ovicidal activity of egg-parasitizing fungi pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4) and paecilomyces lilacinus on toxocara canis eggs in vitro. the fungal isolates were inoculated onto petri dishes with 2% water-agar (2% wa) and stored at 25 degrees c for 10 days in an incubator, in the dark. the control group was comprised of petri dishes without fungi, containing the 2%wa medium only. later, 1000 embryonated eggs were placed on the surface of the plates wit ...	2010	20097478
effects of disinfectants on toxocara canis embryogenesis and larval establishment in mice tissues.	the objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of several different disinfectant solutions on embryonic development of toxocara canis eggs and (ii) to investigate the potential infectivity of exposed eggs by assessing larval establishment in various tissues in a murine model. all the disinfectants tested were products routinely used in veterinary clinics, kennels, animal shelters and laboratories. ova were obtained from gravid female t. canis uteri. thirty samples containing 10,00 ...	2010	20500505
gastrointestinal and ectoparasites from urban stray dogs in fortaleza (brazil): high infection risk for humans?	dogs are important definite or reservoir hosts for zoonotic parasites. however, only few studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in urban areas in brazil are available. we performed a comprehensive study on parasites of stray dogs in a brazilian metropolitan area. we included 46 stray dogs caught in the urban areas of fortaleza (northeast brazil). after euthanization, dogs were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs were examined for the presence of ...	2010	20532563
helminth coinfection does not affect therapeutic effect of a dna vaccine in mice harboring tuberculosis.	helminthiasis and tuberculosis (tb) coincide geographically and there is much interest in exploring how concurrent worm infections might alter immune responses against bacilli and might necessitate altered therapeutic approaches. a dna vaccine that codifies heat shock protein hsp65 from m. leprae (dnahsp65) has been used in therapy during experimental tuberculosis. this study focused on the impact of the co-existence of worms and tb on the therapeutic effects of dnahsp65.	2010	20544012
visceral larva migrans among children in kütahya (turkey) and an evaluation of playgrounds for t. canis eggs.	this research was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of toxocara canis (t. canis) in children aged 3-13 years in kütahya, to determine the presence of infected larvae in playground sandboxes, and to obtain a view of the general situation regarding visceral larva migrans (vlm) in the city. the blood sera of 119 children (54 girls, 65 boys) were tested for t. canis igg, and 9 (7.6%) were found positive. in sand samples collected from playgrounds in nine different residential areas across t ...	2010	20560251
[clinical analysis of eight patients with pulmonary toxocariasis].	we encountered 8 adult cases of pulmonary toxocariasis. five were asymptomatic, 1 had transient chest pain, 1 suffered from arthralgia and migrating skin pain, and 1 had chest discomfort due to pneumothorax. infection was associated with the consumption of raw liver with paratenic hosts in 5 patients. the cause was suspected to be contact with infected young dogs in 1 case and was undetermined in 2 cases. all 8 cases showed some abnormalities in their laboratory examination results including eos ...	2010	20560436
molecular differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of three angiostrongylus species and angiostrongylus cantonensis geographical isolates based on a 66-kda protein gene of a. cantonensis (nematoda: angiostrongylidae).	the phylogenetic relationships and molecular differentiation of three species of angiostrongylid nematodes (angiostrongylus cantonensis, angiostrongylus costaricensis and angiostrongylus malaysiensis) were studied using the ac primers for a 66-kda protein gene of a. cantonensis. the ac primers successfully amplified the genomic dna of these angiostrongylid nematodes. no amplification was detected for the dna of ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, anisakis simplex, gnathostoma spinigerum, toxocar ...	2010	20566366
the increase in seroprevalence to toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with ascaris suum antigens.	it has been suggested that the presence of toxocara canis larvae in lungs is an underlying factor in the onset of asthma. although the association of asthma and seropositivity to toxocara has been observed, there are no studies that indicate whether these antibodies are specific against t. canis antigens.	2010	20227158
[toxocara canis and bronchial asthma].	in order to evaluate the association between the infection by toxocara canis and the symptoms of asthma in children from a subtropical region with high prevalence of toxocariasis, 47 asthmatic children and 53 non-asthmatics as a control group were studied. a complete physical examination was performed and clinical and epidemiological data were registered. in asthmatic children the frequency and severity of symptoms were classified in grades i to iv. the presence of anti-toxocara canis antibodies ...	2010	20228029
a faecal analysis of helminth infections in wild and captive wolves, canis lupus l., in poland.	one hundred and three samples of faeces of reared grey wolves from four locations (stobnica park and zoological gardens in bydgoszcz, wrocław and cracow) and twenty-six samples of faeces from two free-roaming packs of grey wolf (canis lupus l.) in piła (forest divisions: borne sulinowo, czarnobór, jastrowo) and zielona góra (forest divisions: torzym, krosno odrzańskie) were collected between 2005 and 2007. helminth eggs were detected in 78.6% of faecal samples of reared grey wolves and in 88.4% ...	2010	20236557
biochemical and immunopathological changes in experimental neurotoxocariasis.	toxocariasis is a widespread soil-transmitted parasitic disease. toxocara canis larvae migrate through the tissues with a special predilection for the central nervous system. recently, neurotoxocariasis is being diagnosed in humans with increasing frequency due to improved diagnostic tools. the present study aimed at exploring the biochemical and immunopathological alterations in the brain in experimental t. canis infection. for this purpose, 75 toxocara-infected mice were sacrificed at 2, 5, an ...	2010	20302888
[destruction of toxocara canis eggs by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia].	toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the small intestine of dogs that causes visceral larva migrans in humans.	2010	20305981
[investigation of anti-toxocara canis igg antibodies in patients presenting at the erciyes university medical faculty, department of parasitology.]	human toxocara canis infections are seen all over the world, especially in temperate and tropical climate regions. dogs are known to be reservoir hosts in transmission of the disease. because puppies are infected both transplacentally and by breast milk, they add huge amounts of eggs daily to the environment with their stools for months. it is known that the human is not a natural host of t. canis and larvae do not mature in the human body. however, after getting into the human they migrate thro ...	2010	20340083
in vivo evaluation of albendazole microspheres for the treatment of toxocara canis larva migrans.	albendazole is a benzimidazole derivative with proven efficacy against many parasites such as intestinal helminths. toxocariasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in humans and animals caused by toxocara canis. it is well known that t. canis larvae migrate in paratenic hosts, including humans where it may cause visceral larva migrans. thus, the present research was carried out using in vivo experiments with the aim of finding whether novel albendazole microparticles would be active agai ...	2010	20347973
hepatic visceral larva migrans of toxocara canis.		2010	20348491
efficacy and limitations of an atp-based monitoring system.	monitoring of sanitation is an essential function of laboratory animal facilities. the purpose of the current study was to assess the ability of an atp-based system to detect microbes and organic contaminants. serial dilutions of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, toxocara canis eggs, toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, epithelial cells, and rodent blood, urine, and feces were analyzed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. the limit of e. coli detection was 10(4) organisms; sonicatio ...	2010	20353694
frequency distribution of echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths of foxes in kyrgyzstan.	echinococcosis is a major emerging zoonosis in central asia. a study of the helminth fauna of foxes from naryn oblast in central kyrgyzstan was undertaken to investigate the abundance of echinococcus multilocularis in a district where a high prevalence of this parasite had previously been detected in dogs. a total of 151 foxes (vulpes vulpes) were investigated in a necropsy study. of these 96 (64%) were infected with e. multilocularis with a mean abundance of 8669 parasites per fox. this indicat ...	2010	20434845
toxocara canis: potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo.	the anthelmintic activity of extracts from chenopodiumambrosioides, pycnanthusangolensis and nutridesintox was in vitro and in vivo investigated, against toxocaracanis larvae. the in vitro assays results showed that the aqueous extract of nutridesintox was the most effective, followed by c. ambrosioides extracts, hexane, dichloromethane and the infusion. p. angolensis extracts showed a lower anthelmintic activity compared to the other natural products. for the in vivo assays, nutridesintox, the ...	2010	20447397
comparison of three concentration methods for the recovery of canine intestinal parasites from stool samples.	the aim of present study was to compare the efficiency of a commercial assay and two conventional methods for fecal concentration in detecting canine gastrointestinal parasites. fecal samples from 254 dogs were processed by centrifugation-sedimentation (cs), centrifugation-flotation (cf) and a commercial assay for fecal concentration (tf-test). the following parasites were detected: ancylostoma (37.8%), giardia (16.9%), toxocara canis (8.7%), trichuris vulpis (7.1%), isospora (3.5%), and sarcocy ...	2010	20452348
nd:yag photodestruction of a presumed corneal toxocara canis larva.	to describe the technique of nd:yag photodestruction of a presumed toxocara canis corneal larval migrans and to report the unique clinical combination of a corneal nematode and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn).	2010	20458229
importance of screening serological examination of umbilical blood and the blood of the mother for timely diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis.	parasitic diseases, particularly the congenital form of toxoplasmosis, can negatively affect the mortality and morbidity of newborns and infants.	2010	20588240
contamination of the hair of owned dogs with the eggs of toxocara spp.	toxocara canis is one of the most common gastrointestinal helminthes of dogs. humans can become infected through ingestion of infective eggs. infection often causes few symptoms but in rare cases blindness can occur. it is generally accepted that human infection is caused as a result of direct contact with contaminated soil. however, recently, the eggs of toxocara spp. have been found in the hair of dogs, implicating them as a possible additional route of transmission. the aim of this study was ...	2010	20609527
murine nematode immunology in australasia.	a relatively small number of laboratories in australia and new zealand have consistently published on murine models of nematode immunology, and the parasite species principally used are heligmosomoides bakeri (previously heligmosomoides polygyrus), strongyloides ratti, nippostrongylus brasiliensis and toxocara canis. these research groups have made significant contributions to both fundamental immunology and more specialized issues in host-parasite relationships. topics addressed include immune ...	2010	20626811
neurotoxocariasis associated with lower motor neuron disease. report of one case.	we report a 51-year-old male with a history of palpitations, hepatopathy and hypercholesterolemia, who habitually ate raw goat meat, and developed general fasciculations, muscle cramps in the lower limbs, distal muscle weakness and wasting, without upper motor neuron signs or sensory abnormalities. diagnostic workup revealed positive antibodies against toxocara canis in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. nerve conduction studies revealed a proximal and distal axonal lesion of motor nerves and ne ...	2010	20668798
[dog fouling and helminth contamination in parks and sidewalks of buenos aires city, 1991-2006].	the aim of this study was to provide data on canine fecal and helminthic contamination from parks and sidewalks in buenos aires city, collected by the laboratory of general parasitology, school of sciences, university of buenos aires. a census of dog feces was performed in 1-11 parks per year between 1991 and 2006, a single day each year. in the period 2000-2006, the census included feces on sidewalks surrounding the park. thirty fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from each park to dete ...	2010	20679057
multiple zoonotic pathogens identified in canine feces collected from a remote canadian indigenous community.	five genera of potentially zoonotic bacteria and parasites were detected in environmentally collected fecal samples from a remote indigenous community in northern saskatchewan, canada. organisms identified include toxocara canis, echniococcus granulosus, giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp., and campylobacter spp. the prevalence and intensity of giardia spp. and campylobacter spp. in fecal samples was particularly remarkable. three-quarters of samples tested contained at least one zoonotic s ...	2010	20682878
[occurrence of toxocara spp. eggs in household environment of children with diagnosed toxocariasis in łódź voivodeship].	toxocariasis is a zoonosis due to infection of humans by dog or cat roundworm (toxocara canis, t. cati). humans become infected by ingestion of infective eggs either from soil, dirty hands, raw fruits and vegetables or larvae from undercooked meat of paratenic hosts. the aim of the study was to evaluate the level of contamination of soil samples from households of children with diagnosed toxocariasis in rural and urban areas of łódź voivodeship. in the years 2004-2007 toxocariasis was confirmed ...	2010	20707298
presence of toxocara canis eggs on the hair of dogs: a risk factor for visceral larva migrans.	the close contact between dogs and humans poses a high risk of exposure to toxocara canis eggs, which can lead to visceral larva migrans (vlm) syndrome. the objective of this study was to investigate the existence of these nematode eggs on the hair of the perianal region in stray and owned dogs. samples of hair from 104 dogs of different ages were collected: 25 (24%) were positive for t. canis eggs, with mean of 614.8 eggs per gram of hair. puppies were responsible for 99% of the total number of ...	2010	20728996
in vitro and in vivo effects of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 on toxocara canis.	the aim of the present paper was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 (ef7121) on the toxocara canis cycle both in vitro and in vivo. for the in vitro experiments, t. canis larvae were incubated with the supernatants of ef7121 (ei) and mutant ef7121 (eim), in a pre-culture of ef7121 (eii) and in a fresh culture with ef7121 (eiii) and the ef7121 mutant strain (eiiim). the viability of the larvae was calculated after a 48 h incubation. a significant reduction of the ...	2010	20835606
the prevalence and abundance of helminth parasites in stray dogs from the city of queretaro in central mexico.	the prevalence of helminth species in stray dogs, from the capital city of the state of queretaro, was evaluated. a total of 378 dogs were captured and examined for the presence of helminths from january to december 2008. the results showed that 275 (72.8%) of examined dogs were infected with one or more helminth species. single infections were observed in 139 (50.5%) of infected dogs and 136 (49.5%) harboured mixed infections. out of the 378 dogs examined, 208 (55.2%) presented nematodes and 18 ...	2010	20849669
[experience in eliminating the biological soil pollution arising from an accident in the sewer system].		2010	20873377
principal intestinal parasites of dogs in tirana, albania.	from 2004 to 2009, the digestive tracts of 111 dogs from suburban areas around tirana, albania, were examined for intestinal helminths. in addition, rectal faecal samples of all dogs were examined for protozoan infections and 48 faecal samples from dogs >6 months of age were processed with the baermann technique to test for the excretion of lungworm larvae. the heart and pulmonary arteries of 30 dogs >6 months of age also were examined for nematode parasites. the intestinal parasite fauna of the ...	2010	20878182
molecular cloning of an immunogenic protein of baylisascaris procyonis and expression in escherichia coli for use in developing improved serodiagnostic assays.	larva migrans caused by baylisascaris procyonis is an important zoonotic disease. current serological diagnostic assays for this disease depend on the use of the parasite's larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens. in order to identify genes encoding es antigens and to generate recombinant antigens for use in diagnostic assays, construction and immunoscreening of a b. procyonis third-stage larva cdna expression library was performed and resulted in identification of a partial-length cdna clone e ...	2010	20926699
kinetics of foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in experimental toxocara canis infection.	foxp3-expressing cells have recently been recognized as a cornerstone for the homeostasis of the immune system, and as key cells in many infectious diseases. moreover, they have been found to contribute to the regulation of parasite-induced immunopathology in many parasitic infections. however, their role in toxocara-induced immunopathology has not yet been investigated. the aim of this study is to assess the kinetics of foxp3-expressing regulatory cells during the course of experimental infecti ...	2010	20974133
image of the month. hepatic visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis.		2010	21036500
behavioral changes in rattus norvegicus experimentally infected by toxocara canis larvae.	toxocara canis is a common canine nematode parasite and one of its possible transmission mechanisms is the predation of infected rodents by canids. fifty rattus norvegicus were used to study behavioral alterations in rodents infected by t. canis larvae. the rats were divided into three groups: g1, 20 rats infected with 300 t. canis eggs; g2, 20 rats infected with 2,000 t. canis eggs; and g3, 10 non-infected rats. thirty and 60 days post-infection, rats from all the groups were submitted to an op ...	2010	21049227
pediatric neurotoxocariasis with concomitant cerebral, cerebellar, and peripheral nervous system involvement: case report and review of the literature.	to alert pediatricians to the neurologic consequences of toxocariasis and to describe the first pediatric case of neurotoxocariasis with concomitant cerebral, cerebellar and peripheral nervous system involvement.	2010	21069251
a simplified method for hatching and isolating toxocara canis larvae to facilitate excretory-secretory antigen collection in vitro.	human toxocariasis causes several dangerous syndromes that can involve the viscera, vision and central nervous system. diagnosing toxocariasis requires the identification of antibodies against toxocara canis or toxocara cati excretions and secretions (es). to obtain es it is necessary to collect a large number of larvae. however, since the earliest work describing the culture of toxocara larvae, few advances in the method have been made. it has been suggested that carbon dioxide triggers molecul ...	2010	21074327
larval development of toxocara canis in dogs.	the parasitic roundworm toxocara canis is present in dog populations all over the world. due to its zoonotic potential, this roundworm is of special interest not only for veterinarians, but also for medical practitioners. in the present review, current knowledge of infection routes and the subsequent development of larvae within the canine host is summarised. furthermore, information about the clinical, pathological, enzymatic, haematological and histopathological changes was collected, giving a ...	2010	21095061
imaging of toxocara canis larvae labelled by cfse in balb/c mice.	mice are used most often as a model for human toxocariasis caused by toxocara canis larvae. variety of symptoms developing during the infection reflects behaviour of the larvae, which are able to escape from the intestine and further invade and damage various host organs. in order to find an approach enabling observation on parasite behaviour in mouse in vivo, we used an epifluorescence method and a small animal imaging system (sais). larvae of t. canis were labelled by carboxyfluorescein succin ...	2010	21103889
nematodes parasites of the gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus schreber, 1775) in the seasonally dry tropical highlands of central mexico.	the gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus schreber, 1775) is the most abundant and opportunistic wild canid in mexico. however, the parasites of this canid in mexico are poorly known, and an intensive parasite survey is lacking. a survey of gray fox parasitological feces was conducted in el cimatario national park, a protected area representative of the seasonally dry, tropical highlands of mexico. feces were collected in six 1-km-length transects during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2004. the c ...	2010	21136079
environmental monitoring and analysis of faecal contamination in an urban setting in the city of bari (apulia region, italy): health and hygiene implications.	few studies have been conducted in italy to quantify the potential risk associated with dynamics and distribution of pathogens in urban settings. the aim of this study was to acquire data on the environmental faecal contamination in urban ecosystems, by assessing the presence of pathogens in public areas in the city of bari (apulia region, italy). to determine the degree of environmental contamination, samples of dog faeces and bird guano were collected from different areas in the city of bari ( ...	2010	21139871
loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection and discrimination of toxocara canis and toxocara cati eggs directly from sand samples.	we developed a novel and simple method, using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), for the detection and discrimination of toxocara canis and toxocara cati eggs. the new method employs 4 steps: (1) concentration of toxocara eggs in a small amount of sand; (2) dissolution of the proteinaceous membrane of eggs and simultaneously separation of them from the sand using naclo treatment; (3) extraction of dna using naoh treatment; and (4) detection of t. canis / t. cati dna using a lamp assa ...	2010	21158640
toxocara eggs shed by dogs and cats and their molecular and morphometric species-specific identification: is the finding of t. cati eggs shed by dogs of epidemiological relevance?	intestinal infections with toxocara cati and toxocara canis in their definitive host (felids and canids, respectively) are diagnosed by egg identification in faeces using coproscopical techniques. the toxocara species is assumed to comply with the species from which the examined faeces were obtained, i.e. t. cati in cats and t. canis in dogs. we isolated and measured toxocara eggs from faecal samples of 36 cats and 35 dogs from switzerland and identified the toxocara species by pcr. amongst the ...	2010	21159443
potential risk of zoonotic infections in recreational areas visited by sus scrofa and vulpes vulpes. case study--wolin island, poland.	the relation between intestinal parasite prevalence in wild boars and red foxes and the sanitary condition of the soil in recreational estates were determined. the analysis was made based on 36 samples of boar faeces and 22 samples of fox faeces, collected in their habitat as well as 60 samples of soil from two recreational areas. two methods were used for faecal samples--flotation and direct faecal smear; and flotation in nano3 for soil samples examination. zoonotic nematode eggs were recovered ...	2010	21174955
gastrointestinal helminths of dogs in western pomerania, poland.	a total of 763 fecal samples were collected from dogs in western pomerania during 2006-2007 to determine the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of dogs in this region. in the city of szczecin, 648 fecal samples were collected every month in the annual cycle from nine city areas and analysed. six fecal samples were taken at each collection time from each site. a total of 115 fecal samples from rural areas were investigated. each fecal sample was dissected with a needle, checked for tapeworm segments ...	2010	21174956
soil contamination with toxocara spp. eggs in the public parks from three areas of khorram abad, iran.	toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonose caused by the infection of larval nematode toxocara species. a total of 285 soil samples from january to march 2009 in 18 public parks were collected to test for soil contamination with toxocara eggs. soil samples were investigated for the present of toxocara eggs using sucrose flotation method. distribution of toxocara spp. eggs in samples collected from public parks was 63.3%. the highest number of eggs recovered from 200 g of soil was 128. a total 304 eggs ...	2010	21222397
mri findings of spinal visceral larva migrans of toxocara canis.	the purpose of this study is to investigate the mri findings of visceral larva migrans (vls) of toxocara canis in spinal cord.	2010	19447576
epidemic of unilateral panuveitis in children from brazilian amazonia: clinical and etiological aspects in seven patients.	to describe clinical presentation and results of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in seven children from an epidemic of panuveitis in the brazilian amazonia, as well as environmental analysis and etiological aspects involved.	2010	19165423
toxocariasis: incidence, prevalence and the time serum remains positive in school children from campinas, sp, brazil.		2010	19850711
a wide diversity of zoonotic intestinal parasites infects urban and rural dogs in neuquén, patagonia, argentina.	the presence of parasites was investigated by the examination of 1944 dog faecal samples collected from urban (n=646) and rural (n=1298) areas of the province of neuquén, patagonia, argentina. parasitic agents (pa) were found in 37.86% of samples. a total of 15 different pa were detected, including toxocara canis (16.35%), taenia spp./echinococcus spp. (12.65%), trichurisvulpis (6.06%), giardia spp. (1.29%), toxascaris leonina (0.56%), ancylostomacaninum (0.41%), dipylidium caninum (0.31%), diph ...	2010	19864068
recovery threshold of toxocara canis eggs from soil.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the threshold of toxocara canis eggs form soil samples through utilisation of a centrifuge-flotation technique (cft). aliquots of soil (1g each) were artificially contaminated with known numbers of t. canis eggs (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 eggs). the threshold was evaluated based on a cft using zinc sulphate (zn(2)so(4)) and sodium nitrate (na(2)no(3)) solutions at a specific gravity of 1.20. the number of eggs recovered was directly proportional to the ...	2010	19879694
in vitro cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy dogs to distemper virus, malassezia and toxocara.	naïve cd4+ t cells may differentiate into a number of subsets including t helper 1 (th1) th2, th3, th17 and t regulatory (treg) cells depending on the type of antigen they encounter. these cd4+ families have been defined based on the array of cytokines they produce and the effects they have on adaptive immune responses. cd4+ subsets are cross regulatory and at times cooperative. the study of these adaptive immune modulators has revealed the important role that cytokines play in mounting effectiv ...	2010	19880197
comparative assessment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot for the diagnosis of toxocariasis in patients with skin disorders.	background the link between various chronic skin disorders and toxocariasis was previously demonstrated by case reports and several case-control studies. however, these previous studies were based only on the toxocara canis excretory-secretory-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tes-elisa) serological technique, which is not specific due to cross-reactivity with parasites of the genera anisakis or ascaris. immunoblot analysis is highly specific and can detect very low levels of toxocara antibodie ...	2010	19785612
parasite-specific antibody profile in the aqueous humor of rabbits with ocular toxocariasis.	human ocular toxocariasis is diagnosed using ophthalmologic and immunologic examinations. many researchers have suggested that intraocular parasite-specific antibody levels are indicative of ocular toxocariasis, but little is known about the time course of the changes in these levels. we therefore investigated the anti-toxocara canis antibody profile in the aqueous humor in an animal model of ocular toxocariasis. we intravitreally injected t. canis larvae into the right eye of 4 rabbits; 2 rabbi ...	2010	19963075
recovery of toxocara canis eggs from soil.		2010	20031327
extraintestinal helminths of the common vole (microtus arvalis) and the water vole (arvicola terrestris) in western austria (vorarlberg).	between september and december 2004, a total of 411 voles (318 common voles and 93 water voles) were caught in the austrian province of vorarlberg (lustenau, hohenems, and dornbirn) and were examined by macroscopy, microscopy, and molecular biological analysis to determine the presence and extent of medically important extraintestinal helminths. the following extraintestinal helminth species were detected: taenia taeniaeformis (liver), calodium hepaticum (liver), and echinococcus multilocularis ...	2010	20148339
human toxocariasis: diagnosis, worldwide seroprevalences and clinical expression of the systemic and ocular forms.	although human toxocariasis ranks among the most common zoonotic infections worldwide, it remains relatively unknown to the public. the causal agents are the nematode parasites toxocara canis and t. cati, whose definitive hosts are dogs and cats, respectively. when embryonated eggs are accidentally ingested by humans, larvae hatch in the small intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate, via the bloodstream, to the liver, lungs, muscles, eye and central nervous system. although most hum ...	2010	20149289
seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection among children in swaziland, southern africa.	as there appeared to be no data available on toxocara canis infection in the children of swaziland, a serological survey of t. canis infection was recently conducted among 92 children aged 3-12 years from rural slums in the low- and middle-veld. a child was considered seropositive if, in western blots based on the excretory-secretory antigens of larval t. canis, his or her serum gave a positive result when diluted 1 : 64. forty-one (44.6%) of the children were found seropositive. there were no s ...	2010	20149294
the role of dogs in transmission of ascaris lumbricoides for humans.	the dog's role as a definitive host for a number of zoonotic parasites has been widely studied and recognized as being a significant public health problem worldwide. this study aimed to report, for the first time, our investigation into the role of dogs as a biological transmitter for ascaris lumbricoides, via necropsy of a sample of rural stray dogs in a developing community in giza governorate, egypt, where promiscuous defecation by human was common, and examination for a. lumbricoides worms a ...	2010	20162430
epidemiologic and zoonotic aspects of ascarid infections in dogs and cats.	toxocaracanis and toxocara cati of dogs and cats, respectively, can cause significant disease in people. human seroprevalence for toxocara antibodies varies with factors such as geographic location, socio-economic status, and dietary habits. risk factors for infection include geophagia and low-level education. toxocara canis is better recognized as a cause of human toxocariasis, but toxocara cati should not be overlooked. in addition, patent infections with baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon a ...	2010	20172762
intestinal parasites of dogs on the galapagos islands.	dogs on the galapagos islands are a unique population created by isolation from the mainland and regulations prohibiting further importation. the effect of infectious agents of these domestic dogs on the indigenous fauna is largely unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs on the galapagos islands. fecal samples were collected from 97 dogs presented during neutering campaigns on santa cruz (n=51), san cristobal (n=17), and isabela (n=29) i ...	2010	20176441
seroprevalence of toxocariasis among orang asli (indigenous people) in malaysia using two immunoassays.	toxocariasis is a zoonotic helminthic infection of humans caused by the dog roundworm (toxocara canis) or cat roundworm (toxocara cati). there are two main human syndromes: visceral larva migrans (vlm), which are characterized by symptoms associated with major organs and ocular larva migrans (olm), in which pathological effects on the host are restricted to the eye and the optic nerve. the present study evaluated the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among the orang asli with an igg4-elisa using re ...	2010	21399601
helminth infections of stray dogs from garmsar, semnan province, central iran.	the aim was to study the gastro-intestinal helminths of stray dogs of garmsar, semnan province, central iran, and its impacts on human health and animal production.	2010	22347264
prevalence of zoonotic intestinal helminths of canids in moghan plain, northwestern iran.	the present study was aimed to elucidate the status of intestinal helminth infections in canids of moghan plain, northwestern iran.	2010	22347243
[investigation of the presence of autoantibodies in patients with toxocariasis].	immunopathologic reactions may occur during toxocariasis due to tissue invasion and destruction by the secretions of larvae containing various enzymes with broad spectrum. the aim of this study was to search for autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear (ana), anti-mitochondrial (ama), anti-smooth muscle (asma), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (anca), anti-myeloperoxidase (mpo) and liver-kidney microsomal type 1 (lkm-1) antibodies in patients with toxocariasis, in order to investigate the role of toxocari ...	2009	20084921