Publications

elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil.	the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ...	1988	16593951
effect of cooking, ph and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of a sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) food, ugali.	1. the present work was undertaken to study the effects of cooking, ph and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench). three different sorghum varieties; dabar, feterita and argentine containing zero, intermediate to low and high levels of polyphenols respectively were used in the study. from these varieties uncooked, uncooked acidified, cooked, and cooked acidified diets were prepared. diets were characterized with regard to res ...	1988	3345303
rumen fungi: morphological types from georgia cattle and the attack on forage cell walls.	fungal colonies developing in anaerobic media from zoospores in rumen fluid from cows eating cynodon dactylon or medicago sativa included types showing monocentric and polycentric growth. high energy supplements added to diets of sorghum bicolor silage increased fungal numbers in the rumen, but increases were also affected by the history and predisposition of the animal. mixed fungal types in rumen fluid and pure cultures of isolates showing monocentric and polycentric growth degraded and weaken ...	1988	3395692
tillage and multiple cropping systems and population dynamics of phytoparasitic nematodes.	the effect of two cropping and tillage systems on the population dynamics of four nematode species was evaluated on a loamy sand. hairy vetch succeeded by corn or grain sorghum was seeded in split plots randomized within whole plots of no-tillage versus conventional tillage over four growing seasons (1980-83). the vetch-corn cropping system increased the density of meloidogyne incognita 2.9 x more than the vetch-grain sorghum cropping system. in contrast, the vetch-grain sorghum cropping system ...	1988	19290311
host suitability of grain sorghum cultivars to meloidogyne spp.	grain sorghum cultivars (funk g-499gbr, funk g-611, funk g-522a, funk g-522dr, coker 7723, coker 7675, coker 7623, pioneer b815, pioneer 8222, pioneer 8272) were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to populations of meloidogyne incognita race 3, m. arenaria race 2, and m. javanica from south carolina, and m. arenaria race 1 from georgia. all the sorghum cultivars were poor hosts or nonhosts of meloidogyne spp. with fewer than 1 or 2 egg masses per root system in all cultivar x nematode co ...	1988	19290305
preservation of potential fermentables in sweet sorghum by ensiling.	pressed and wilted samples of sweet sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench var. rio] were ensiled for periods up to 155 days. a kinetic study of the biochemical changes which occurred during ensiling showed that in wilted sorghum ensilage invert sugars and mannitol levels collectively were maintained at 65% of the original ferment able sugar content of the sorghum. the acidic environment produced by ensiling also served as a pretreatment that resulted in enhanced yields of reducing sugar when the ...	1987	18581521
investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland.	the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ...	1987	19290286
identification of endogenous gibberellins from sorghum.	gibberellins (ga) a(1), a(19), and a(20) were identified in shoot cylinders containing the apical meristems from sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.). extracts were purified by sequential sio(2) partition chromatography and reversed-phase c(18) high performance liquid chromatography and biologically active (dwarf rice cv tan-ginbozu microdrop assay) fractions were subjected to gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. based on the use of [(3)h]ga and [(2)h](d(2))ga internal standards, amounts of ga(1) ...	1986	16665017
hemolytic activity in crude polysaccharide extracted from grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].	a crude polysaccharide that hemolyzed human red blood cells of the abo types was isolated from the condensed tannin fraction of sorghum bicolor. it contained primarily 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and glucose and had a molecular weight of greater than 6000. limit hemolytic activity for each of four blood group cells corresponded to a range of 110-27 micrograms of carbohydrate per assay.	1986	3715899
simultaneous measurements of steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence and co(2) assimilation in leaves: the relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis in c(3) and c(4) plants.	rates of co(2) assimilation and steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured simultaneously at different intercellular partial pressures of co(2) in attached cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv deltapine 16) leaves at 25 degrees c. electron transport activity for co(2) assimilation plus photorespiration was calculated for these experiments. under light saturating (1750 microeinsteins per square meter per second) and light limiting (700 microeinsteins per square meter per second) conditions ...	1986	16664735
the use of cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) in improving a popular nigerian weaning food.	a weaning food commonly used in nigeria was simulated by mixing processed sorghum (sorghum bicolor) with skim-milk powder (830: 170, w/w). replacing 310 g/kg sorghum with processed cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) resulted in an increase in protein content from 96 to 113 g/kg and an increase in biological value of the protein from 0.74 to 0.87. the two mixtures were compared with an established commercial baby food by a panel of nigerian mothers and all three foods were found to be equally acceptable ...	1985	4063322
effects of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus alone and in combination on sorghum.	host-parasite relationships of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus, alone or in combination, were studied on sorghum in the greenhouse and laboratory. q. acutus at 1,000 or 5,000 nematodes per 15-cm-d pot and p. zeae at 500 nematodes per pot significantly suppressed plant height and fresh and oven dry shoot and root weights. a mixture of 1,000 q. acutus and 500 p. zeae per pot resulted in greatest suppression of growth. roots of plants inoculated with q. acutus alone were reduced in number ...	1985	19294079
the use of stable carbon isotope analysis in rooting studies.	stable carbon isotope analysis was evaluated as a means of predicting the relative proportions of c3 and c4 root phytomass in species mixtures. the following mixtures of c3 and c4 species were used: 1) big bluestem (andropogon gerardii)/cheatgrass (bromus tectorum), 2) little bluestem (schizachyrium scoparium)/cheatgrass, and 3) sorghum (sorghum bicolor)/sunflower (helianthus annuus). there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between % c4 phytomass and stable carbon isotope values for each of ...	1985	28311309
tissue distribution of beta-cyanoalanine synthase in leaves.	beta-cyanoalanine synthase, which catalyzes the reaction between cysteine and hcn to form beta-cyanoalanine and h(2)s, was assayed in leaf tissues from cyanogenic (sorghum bicolor x sorghum sudanense [sorghum]) and noncyanogenic (pisum sativum [pea], zea mays [maize], and allium porrum [leek]) plants. the activity in whole leaf extracts ranged from 33 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in leeks, to 1940 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in sorghum. the specific activities of bet ...	1984	16663772
dark/light modulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity in plants from different photosynthetic categories.	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase) from several plants had substantially greater activity in extracts from lightexposed leaves than dark leaves, even when the extracts were incubated in vitro with saturating hco(3) (-) and mg(2+) concentrations. this occurred in glycine max, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, panicum bisulcatum, and p. hylaeicum (c(3)); p. maximum (c(4) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase); p. milioides (c(3)/c(4)); and bromelia pinguin and ananas como ...	1984	16663937
responses of sorghum and pennisetum species to the n(2)-fixing bacterium azospirillum brasilense.	three field inoculation experiments, two in florida and one in new mexico, were conducted with azospirillum brasilense cd. each of the florida experiments evaluated two crop species. one species in each of the florida experiments responded to inoculation with a significant dry matter yield increases of 11 to 24% and nitrogen yield increases of 9 to 39%. no inoculation response was noted in the new mexico experiment. the responding species were sorghum bicolor (l.) moench (sorghum) and the inters ...	1984	16346571
enhanced mineral uptake by zea mays and sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with azospirillum brasilense.	inoculation of corn (zea mays) seeds with azospirillum brasilense strain cd or sp 7 significantly enhanced (30 to 50% over controls) the uptake of no(3), k, and h(2)po(4) into 3- to 4-day- and 2-week-old root segments. no gross changes in root morphology were observed; altered cell arrangement in the outer four or five layers of the cortex was seen in photomicrographs of cross sections of inoculated corn roots. the surface activity involved in ion uptake probably increased, as shown by the darke ...	1983	16346311
enumeration and localization of n(2)-fixing bacteria associated with roots of spartina alterniflora loisel.	numbers and possible locations of n(2)-fixing bacteria were investigated in roots of spartina alterniflora loisel, which support nitrogenase activity in the undisturbed native habitat. n(2)-fixing bacteria were recovered in cultures both from s. alterniflora roots and from the surrounding sediment, and they formed a greater proportion of the bacteria recovered from root homogenates than from salt-marsh sediment. n(2)-fixing bacteria were recovered in high numbers from the rhizoplane of s. altern ...	1983	16346321
species variation in kinetic properties of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.	several kinetic parameters of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase from different species were measured and compared. the co2/o2 specificity (vcko/vokc) was found to be about 80 in the enzymes from several c3 species and two c4 species. specificity values of 58 and 70, respectively, were found in enzymes from the c4 plants setaria italica and sorghum bicolor. two enzymes from cyanobacteria had values of about 50. substitution of mn2+ for mg2+ reduced the co2/o2 specificity by a ...	1983	6582802
differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants.	the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ...	1983	16663117
correction of flow resistances of plants measured from covered and exposed leaves.	the difference in water potential between an enclosed nontranspiring leaf and an adjacent exposed transpiring leaf, and the transpiration rate of a similarly exposed leaf, were used to calculate the change in hydraulic resistance of sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves throughout the day and at various rates of transpiration. since cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves enclosed in aluminum foil alone had enclosed leaf water potentials about 0.06 megap ...	1981	16662056
the specificity of proanthocyanidin-protein interactions.	the proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins, phenolic polymers which are synthesized by many plants, characteristically bind and precipitate proteins. the specificity of the interaction was investigated using a competitive binding assay to compare directly the affinities of various proteins and synthetic polymers for the tannin obtained from sorghum bicolor (lin.) moench. at ph 4.9, the relative affinities range over more than 4 orders of magnitude, indicating that this proanthocyanidin interacts ...	1981	7217094
microbial changes in sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor) juices.	juice freshly expressed from sorghum bicolor for making sweet sorghum syrup contained 10 microorganisms per ml. the dominant bacterium was leuconostoc mesenteroides, followed by gram-negative rods. lactobacilli, yeasts, and nonfecal coliform bacteria each comprised about 1% of the microbial population. spoilage of juice, manifested by a sour odor, discoloration, and foaming, occurred between 5 and 12 h at ambient temperatures. spoilage was correlated with a drop in ph from 4.9 to 4.5 l. mesenter ...	1981	16345838
maize stripe virus: characteristics of a member of a new virus class.	an unusual filamentous nucleoprotein about 3 nm in diameter was consistently associated with maize stripe-diseased maize. antiserum to purified nucleoprotein neutralized the infectivity of extracts from maize stripe-diseased plants suggesting that the nucleoprotein was the maize stripe virus (mstpv). the rate-zonal sedimentation pattern of the nucleoprotein on sucrose gradients was polydisperse between 51 and 70 s. cscl isopycnic centrifugation of combined nucleoprotein zones from sucrose gradie ...	1981	18635064
studies on the specificity and site of action of alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol), a plant growth regulator.	alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol) is an inhibitor of ent-kaur-16-ene oxidation in microsomal preparations from the liquid endosperm of immature marah macrocarpus seeds. the k(i) for this inhibitor is about 2 x 10(-9)m. ancymidol also blocks ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol and ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidation by the same preparations with a similar efficiency, but does not significantly inhibit ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid oxidation. ancymidol appears to be specif ...	1978	16660561
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.	the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...	1977	24419571
stomatal and nonstomatal regulation of water use in cotton, corn, and sorghum.	stomata of corn (zea mays l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) responded to changes in leaf water potential during the vegetative growth phase. during reproductive growth, leaf resistances were minimal and stomata were no longer sensitive to bulk leaf water status even when leaf water potentials approached -27 bars. stomata of corn, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), and sorghum appear to respond to changes in the humidity deficit between the leaf and air and in this manner, regulated transpiration ...	1977	16660199
photochemical dimerization of ferulic acid by chloroplasts from sorghum.	sorghum (sorghum bicolor) chloroplasts, lamellar fragments, and triton x-100 solubilized preparations catalyze a blue and red light-sensitized oxidation of ferulic acid to its beta-beta-linked dimer and its hydrolysis product, the acid dimer. exogenous superoxide dismutase had no effect, and catalase and 1 to 10 mm kcn inhibited this photooxidative dimerization only in detergent-treated chloroplasts. it is postulated that the final oxidant is h(2)o(2), formed by light-induced photosystem i elect ...	1977	16659796
distribution of nitrate-assimilating enzymes between mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath cells in leaves of three groups of c(4) plants.	intercellular distribution of enzymes involved in amino nitrogen synthesis was studied in leaves of species representing three c(4) groups, i.e. sorghum bicolor, zea mays, digitaria sanguinalis (nadp malic enzyme type); panicum miliaceum (nad malic enzyme type); and panicum maximum (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type). nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase were predominantly localized in mesophyll cells of all the species, except in p. maximum whe ...	1976	16659590
stomatal behavior and water status of maize, sorghum, and tobacco under field conditions: ii. at low soil water potential.	diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (i), leaf resistance (r(1)), leaf water potential (psi), osmotic potential (pi), and turgor potential (p) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (zea mays l. cv. pa602a), sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench cv. rs 610), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. havanna seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were low. the r(1), measured with a ventilated diffusion poromet ...	1974	16658706
stomatal behavior and water status of maize, sorghum, and tobacco under field conditions: i. at high soil water potential.	diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (i), stomatal resistance (r(s)), leaf water potential (psi), osmotic potential (pi), and turgor potential (p) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (zea mays l. var. pa 602a), sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench var. rs610), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. var. havanna seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were high. in all three crops the r(s), measured with a v ...	1973	16658292
decarboxylation of malate by isolated bundle-sheath cells of certain plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid cycle of photosynthesis.	bundle-sheath cells isolated by the grinding and filtration procedure of edwards and black (1971b) from species of plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were tested for the decarboxylation of malate from the c4-carboxyl position. the bundle-sheath cells, which showed high malic enzyme activity in extracts, decarboxylated 4[(14)c]malate at rates sufficient to be involved in photosynthesis. the malate decarboxylation is dependent on the addition of magnesium or manganese ...	1973	24468846