Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| surveys of new and rare microfungi in the düsseltal (north rhine-westphalia)--germany. | in the years 2003 and 2004 we have observed an about 70 hectare large area in the düsseltal, the eastern part of the neandertal in north rhine-westphalia. there we collected on trees, bushes and herbs and found about 150 microfungi of which some are new for germany or the entire world. e.g.: pseudocercospora populigena n. ale-agha, u. braun & g.b. feige on populus berolinensis; vialaea insculpta (fr.) sacc. on ilex aquifolium l.; passalora amelopsidis (peck.) u. braun on parthenocissus quinquefo ... | 2005 | 16637187 |
| infection rates of perennial ryegrass seeds (lolium perenne l.) with different fungi. | authors made investigations to map occurrence of different fungal pathogens on seeds of varieties from different grass species. this work presents data on three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). when seeds were germinated, eight genuses of fungi were identified belonging to the deuteromycota. alternaria was the most frequently occurred genus. drechslera, bipolaris, cladosporium, stemphylium, and epicoccum spp. has also been found in the seed samples. two genus of fungal pathog ... | 2005 | 16637199 |
| influence of plants on the chemical extractability and biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol in soil. | this study investigated the fate and behaviour of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) in planted (lolium perenne l.) and unplanted soils over 57 days. extractability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was measured using calcium chloride (cacl(2)), acetonitrile-water and dichloromethane (dcm) extractions. biodegradability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was assessed through measurement of (14)co(2) production by a degrader inoculum (burkholderia sp.). although extractability and ... | 2005 | 15327856 |
| use of pruning waste compost as a component in soilless growing media. | the objective of this work was to study the use of pruning wastes compost (pwc) as a growing media component for ornamental plants. the main physical, chemical and biological characteristics of pwc were analysed in order to evaluate its suitability for use in soil-less cultivation. six growth substrates were prepared by mixing pwc with peat (p), ground leaves (gl), sand (s) and spent mushroom compost (smc) in different proportions. two different pot experiments were carried out to test its chara ... | 2005 | 15501667 |
| retention and phytoavailability of radioniobium in soils. | radioniobium is present in long-lived nuclear waste as a result of the activation of zirconium pellets associated with the nuclear fuel. the behaviour of niobium (nb) in the environment and especially its fate in the soil-plant system has not been thoroughly investigated so far. in safety assessment of french long-lived nuclear waste disposal, data concerning the mobility and the bioavailability of nb in soils are needed as well as general trends of its fate in the specific environment around th ... | 2005 | 15511567 |
| bahia grass pollen specific ige is common in seasonal rhinitis patients but has limited cross-reactivity with ryegrass. | perennial ryegrass is a major cause of rhinitis in spring and early summer. bahia grass, paspalum notatum, flowers late into summer and could account for allergic rhinitis at this time. we determined the frequency of serum immunoglobulin (ig)e reactivity with bahia grass in ryegrass pollen allergic patients and investigated ige cross-reactivity between bahia and ryegrass. | 2005 | 15647049 |
| ecosystem function in alluvial tailings after biosolids and lime addition. | municipal biosolids and agricultural limestone were incorporated into the surface of alluvial highly acidic, metal-contaminated mine tailings in leadville, co, in 1998. amended sites were seeded and a plant cover was subsequently established. a range of chemical and biological parameters were measured over time to determine if treatment was sufficient to restore ecosystem function. an uncontaminated upstream control (uuc), a contaminated vegetated area (cva), and soils collected from the tailing ... | 2005 | 15647543 |
| frequency and diversity of nitrate reductase genes among nitrate-dissimilating pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of perennial grasses grown in field conditions. | a total of 1246 pseudomonas strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two perennial grasses (lolium perenne and molinia coerulea) with different nitrogen requirements. the plants were grown in their native soil under ambient and elevated atmospheric co2 content (pco2) at the swiss face (free air co2 enrichment) facility. root-, rhizosphere-, and non-rhizospheric soil-associated strains were characterized in terms of their ability to reduce nitrate during an in vitro assay and with respect to ... | 2005 | 15650915 |
| distribution of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii is not a major determinant of the distribution of fungal alkaloids in lolium perenne plants. | the relationships of the distributions of the insect and mammalian mycotoxins, lolitrem b and ergovaline, and the insect-feeding deterrent, peramine, with the distribution of fungal mycelium were investigated in three genotypes of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium lolii. in planta levels and distribution of the endophyte and of the three alkaloids were assessed in parallel, and different spatial or temporal concentration gradients were observed for e ... | 2005 | 15652576 |
| the consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs. | the objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of short-term grazing on bioactive forages on (i) the viability and fecundity of established adult teladorsagia circumcincta population and (ii) the establishment and development of incoming t. circumcincta infective larvae. forty-eight, parasite naive, 3-month old, grazing lambs were artificially infected with 8000 infective larvae of t. circumcincta on day 1 of the experiment. on day 21 p.i., lambs were allocated to one of three b ... | 2005 | 15722084 |
| specific plant dna adducts as molecular biomarkers of genotoxic atmospheric environments. | the general purpose of this study was to determine whether the formation of dna addition products ('adducts') in plants could be a valuable biomarker of genotoxic air pollution. plants from several species were exposed to ambient atmosphere at urban and suburban sites representative of different environmental conditions. the levels of no2 and of the quantitatively major genotoxic air pollutants benzene, toluene, and xylene were monitored in parallel with plant exposure. dna adducts were measured ... | 2005 | 15725605 |
| a trade-off between nitrogen uptake and use increases responsiveness to elevated co2 in infrequently cut mixed c3 grasses. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the responsiveness of mixed c3 grass species to elevated co2 is related more to nitrogen uptake or to n-use efficiency. nitrogen uptake and whole-plant n-use efficiency were investigated with two binary mixtures: lolium perenne was mixed either with festuca arundinacea or with holcus lanatus. the swards were grown on sand with or without co2 doubling, and subjected to two cutting frequencies. a c20 alcohol was used as a marker to determine species pr ... | 2005 | 15760365 |
| heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating. | seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating were investigated. with edta application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. the enrichment coefficients of lolium perenne l(l) and festuca arundinacea l(f) to cr reached 9.45 and 6.15 respectively. in the range of edta dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing edta level. there were significant differences in remediation of ... | 2005 | 16313009 |
| the determinant step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis by an endophyte of perennial ryegrass. | many cool-season grasses harbor fungal endophytes in the genus neotyphodium, which enhance host fitness, but some also produce metabolites--such as ergovaline--believed to cause livestock toxicoses. in claviceps species the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is thought to be dimethylallyltryptophan (dmat) synthase, encoded by dmaw, previously cloned from claviceps fusiformis. here we report the cloning and characterization of dmaw from neotyphodium sp. isolate lp1, an endophyte of perenni ... | 2004 | 14732265 |
| prospective safety study of immunotherapy administered in a cluster schedule. | cluster immunotherapy is becoming an alternative to conventional it due to its shorter schedule, but the safety of such schedule is still controversial. at present, only few studies assess the risk of immunotherapy in a prospective manner, in well-controlled patients, using the same extract and intending to evaluate a single schedule. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of a cluster immunotherapy administration regimen. a total of 91 outpatients (41 male and 50 female), with a ... | 2004 | 15736717 |
| feeding value of pastures for horses. | the feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in new zealand and the world. in addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remai ... | 2004 | 15768133 |
| sensitization to common allergens, especially pollens, among children with respiratory allergy in the trakya region of turkey. | asthma and allergic rhinitis are common problems in children and the causative pollen allergens vary according to the geographical area. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of sensitization to common inhalant allergens, especially pollens, in turkish children living in the trakya region and to determine differences between rural and urban areas. allergen skin testing was prospectively performed on 539 children aged between 4 and 17 years with respiratory allergy. the reaction was c ... | 2004 | 15783130 |
| testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. | the aim of the present study was to investigate potential direct anthelmintic effects of forages that contain plant secondary metabolites (psm) towards the intestinal nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. for this purpose, we introduced an experimental design, which enabled us to investigate the direct anthelmintic effects of psm-rich forages, without significant interference of possible indirect immunological effects of psm. sixty parasite naive sheep were infected with 8000 t. colubriformis ... | 2004 | 15710524 |
| ruminal degradability of 15n labelled ribonucleic acid in grass. | the ruminal degradation of rna in rye grass (lolium perenne) was studied using the bag method. a non-lactating cow (bw 550 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula was used and fed twice daily at maintenance level with a chopped grass hay-based ration containing 30% ground barley. rye grass, labelled during growth by fertilization with 15n2-urea (9.5 atom% 15n, 20 g n/m2), was cut at seven stages of growth and maturity and freeze-dried. rna-n represented 6 to 17% of total n. labelled grass samples (mille ... | 2004 | 15595618 |
| countercurrent chromatographic isolation of lolitrem b from endophyte-infected ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) seed. | this paper describes a new method of purification of the lolitrem b, a tremorgenic mycotoxin produced in planta by the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii. the method is based on the large-scale isolation of the toxin by countercurrent chromatography (ccc). the lolitrem b content in endophyted ryegrass seed, 11 microg/g or 11 ppm, is extracted by stirring finely ground seeds with ethanol for 3 h at room temperature. the concentrated crude extract contains about 0.6 mg/g or 600 ppm of lolitrem b ... | 2004 | 15628126 |
| impact of lime, nitrogen and plant species on bacterial community structure in grassland microcosms. | a microcosm-based approach was used to study impacts of plant and chemical factors on the bacterial community structure of an upland acidic grassland soil. seven perennial plant species typical of both natural, unimproved (nardus stricta, agrostis capillaris, festuca ovina and f. rubra) and fertilized, improved (holcus lanatus, lolium perenne and trifolium repens) grasslands were either left unamended or treated with lime, nitrogen, or lime plus nitrogen in a 75-day glasshouse experiment. lime a ... | 2004 | 15344932 |
| host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | this study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, sitona lepidus gyllenhal, to locate white clover trifolium repens l. (fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution x-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. burrowing distan ... | 2004 | 15385062 |
| the potential of lolium perenne for revegetation of contaminated soil from a metallurgical site. | a greenhouse study was carried out to determine the possibility of using lolium perenne for revegetation of soil from a former ferrous metallurgical plant (naples, south italy) contaminated by cu, pb and zn at levels above current italian regulatory limits. surface soil samples (0-40 cm) from the facility area where raw minerals were disposed (rm1 and rm2), from a nearby unpolluted cultivated soil (c) as control and a 1:3 mixture of the control with the polluted ones (rm1+c and rm2+c) were utili ... | 2004 | 14967498 |
| turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ... | 2004 | 14998128 |
| endophyte transmission via seeds of lolium perenne l.: immunodetection of fungal antigens. | we traced the presence and distribution of neotyphodium lolii within developing inflorescences and embryos of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.), cultivar "grassland nui," by in situ immunolocalization of fungal proteins. evidence is presented that the fungus penetrates through the rachilla at the base of the ovary, and localizes in a very precise and specific manner in the ovular nucellus, but never enters the embryo sac or the integuments. young embryos do not contain mycelium, but as they ... | 2004 | 15050542 |
| selection of a highly virulent fungal isolate, metarhizium anisopliae clo 53, for controlling hoplia philanthus. | the june beetle, hoplia philanthus füessly (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), has become a widespread and destructive insect pest of lawns, sport turf, pastures, and horticultural crops in belgium. the virulence of 34 entomopathogenic fungal isolates from the genera metarhizium, beauveria, and paecilomyces to third-instar h. philanthus was tested in bioassays by dipping larvae in 10(7)conidia/ml suspensions. two isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (clo 53 and clo 54) caused maximally 90% mortality 10 we ... | 2004 | 15050838 |
| fertilizer source effect on ground and surface water quality in drainage from turfgrass. | nutrients in surface and ground water can affect human and aquatic organisms that rely on water for consumption and habitat. a mass-balance field study was conducted over two years (july 2000-may 2001) to determine the effect of nutrient source on turfgrass runoff and leachate. treatments were arranged in an incomplete randomized block design on a slope of 7 to 9% of arkport sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic lamellic hapludalf) and seeded with kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) an ... | 2004 | 15074817 |
| short-term sequestration of slurry-derived carbon into particle size fractions of a temperate grassland soil. | surface application of animal wastes in intensive grassland systems has caused growing environmental problems during the last decade and, therefore, increasing public and scientific concern. in the present study we examined if the natural abundance 13c stable isotope tracer techniques could be used to investigate a poorly defined aspect of waste application, i.e. incorporation of slurry-derived c and its distribution in soil organic matter (som) fractions with different turnover times of a pastu ... | 2004 | 15085987 |
| [young perennial ryegrass staggers in a dairy herd]. | ryegrass staggers was diagnosed in a group of young stock on a dairy farm in the netherlands. the cattle were fed on ryegrass hay originating from a farm in the region. the typical clinical signs observed in this herd were difficulty in rising, hypermetria of especially the front legs, incoordination, and tremors of the head and neck muscles. the morbidity of the illness was about 80 percent and there was no mortality. four weeks after withdrawal of the hay, the animals recovered completely. the ... | 2004 | 15156654 |
| atrazine and simazine degradation in pennisetum rhizosphere. | the ability of rhizosphere of four plant species to promote the degradation of charcoal-fixed atrazine and simazine in cement blocks of a long-term contaminated soil when mixed with a normal soil at 1:1 ratio was tested. of the four selected plants viz., rye grass (lolium perenne), tall fescue (festuca arundinacae), pennisetum (pennisetum clandestinum) and a spring onion (allium sp.) used in this study, only p. clandestinum was able to survive in herbicide contaminated soil while other plants di ... | 2004 | 15172598 |
| preliminary ecotoxicological characterization of a new energetic substance, cl-20. | a new energetic substance hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (or cl-20) was tested for its toxicities to various ecological receptors. cl-20 (epsilon-polymorph) was amended to soil or deionized water to construct concentration gradients. results of microtox (15-min contact) and 96-h algae growth inhibition tests indicate that cl-20 showed no adverse effects on the bioluminescence of marine bacteria vibrio fischeri and the cell density of freshwater green algae selenastrum capricornutum respectively, ... | 2004 | 15234161 |
| agri-environmental grass hay: nutritive value and intake in comparison with hay from intensively managed grassland. | chemical composition, digestibility, nutritive value and intake of hay from an agri-environmental management (eh) were compared with those from hay (lolium perenne) from an intensive management (ih). ih was of low to moderate quality because of unfavourable weather conditions. eh was harvested mid-june of 2000 (eh1) and 2001 (eh2) on the same sward that had not received mineral fertilizer for 10 years. the eh was characterized by a species-rich botanical composition. on average, it had lower con ... | 2004 | 15264672 |
| the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and formic acid on the formation of biogenic amines in grass silages. | silages were prepared in six laboratory experiments from four direct-cut grassland swards and pure swards of perennial ryegrass and false oat with dry matter contents ranging between 180 and 325 g/kg. grass was fermented at 22 degrees c and silages were stored at the same temperature for 4 months. untreated silages (negative control) and silages preserved with 3 g/kg of formic acid (positive control) were compared with silages inoculated with commercial strains of lactobacillus plantarum, lactob ... | 2004 | 15264673 |
| dietary preference of dairy cows grazing ryegrass and white clover. | the dietary preference of lactating dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and white clover (trifolium repens l.) was studied. twelve groups of 2 lactating, holstein-friesian dairy cows grazed 1.2-ha plots containing conterminal monocultures of clover and grass. half of the groups grazed a plot containing 75% clover and 25% grass (by ground area), with the remaining groups grazing a plot containing 25% clover and 75% grass. the intake rates of clover were higher than those of ... | 2004 | 15290979 |
| the effects of forage provision and group size on the behavior of calves. | the effects of providing alternative forages to individual or group-reared calves on their behavior were examined in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, 24 calves were reared in groups of 3 or individually in straw-bedded pens from age 1 to 7 wk. one-half of the calves in each treatment were provided with ad libitum cut perennial ryegrass herbage. grass intakes and time spent eating grass were greater for grouped calves than for individual calves. providing grass reduced concentrate intake of groupe ... | 2004 | 15290985 |
| lolitrem b residue in fat tissues of cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass straw. | lolitrems are neurotoxins found in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. lolitrems, primarily lolitrem b, are the causative agents of ryegrass staggers in livestock. to guarantee the safety of meat produced from cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass, lolitrem b concentrations in tissues of japanese black cattle were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. lolitrem b was not detected in muscle, liver, kidney, or cerebrum of a japanese black cow with signs of rye ... | 2004 | 15305749 |
| evaluation of perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. experiment 1 evaluated digestion and physiological variables in steers offered perennial ryegrass straw containing increasing levels of ergot alkaloid, lolitrem b. sixteen ruminally cannulated angus x hereford steers (231+/-2 kg bw) were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to one of four treatments. steers were provided perennial ryegrass straw at 120% of the previous 5-d average intake. bef ... | 2004 | 15309967 |
| influence of concentrate composition and forage type on retail packaged beef quality. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of type of conserved forage and concentrate composition on the quality of beef held in overwrapped (aerobic) or modified atmosphere packaging under simulated retail display for 17 d. friesian steers (n = 45) were assigned randomly to one of five dietary treatments: 1) extensively fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (efs); 2) restricted fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (rfs); 3) starch-based concentrate plus wheat st ... | 2004 | 15318738 |
| diurnal variation in ruminal ph on the digestibility of highly digestible perennial ryegrass during continuous culture fermentation. | dairy cows grazing high-digestibility pastures exhibit pronounced diurnal variation in ruminal ph, with ph being below values considered optimal for digestion. using a dual-flow continuous culture system, the hypothesis that minimizing diurnal variation in ph would improve digestion of pasture when ph was low, but not at a higher ph, was tested. four treatments were imposed, with ph either allowed to exhibit normal diurnal variation around an average ph of 6.1 or 5.6, or maintained at constant p ... | 2004 | 15453503 |
| feeding value of pastures for ruminants. | perennial ryegrass is the primary forage component of ruminant diets in new zealand. it is persistent and palatable, and immature ryegrass has a high nutritive value (nv). however, seedhead development substantially lowers its feeding value (fv) as fibre concentration increases, the rate and extent of digestibility decreases, and voluntary intake declines. ryegrass pastures are susceptible to accumulation of endophytic and saprophytic fungi in dead material at the base of the sward, especially w ... | 2004 | 15768132 |
| evaluation of methods to measure differential 15n labeling of soil and root n pools for studies of root exudation. | to study patterns of root exudation, the effectiveness of different techniques for in situ 15n labeling of brassica napus, centaurea jacea and lolium perenne with ammonium nitrate was tested. stem infiltration was found to effectively label plants with thicker stems, whereas, for grass species, cutting and immersing the leaf tips into 15n solution proved to be most effective. a microdiffusion technique to isolate ammonium, combined with conventional cation-exchange chromatography to separate nit ... | 2004 | 15386635 |
| phytoextraction for clean-up of low-level uranium contaminated soil evaluated. | spills in the nuclear fuel cycle have led to soil contamination with uranium. in case of small contamination just above release levels, low-cost yet sufficiently efficient remedial measures are recommended. this study was executed to test if low-level u contaminated sandy soil from a nuclear fuel processing site could be phytoextracted in order to attain the required release limits. two soils were tested: a control soil (317 bq 238u kg(-1)) and the same soil washed with bicarbonate (69 bq 238u k ... | 2004 | 15162854 |
| diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots of the grass species agrostis capillaris and lolium perenne in a field experiment. | analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal diversity through morphological characters of spores and intraradicular hyphae has suggested previously that preferential associations occur between plants and am fungi. a field experiment was established to investigate whether am fungal diversity is affected by different host plants in upland grasslands. indigenous vegetation from plots in an unimproved pasture was replaced with monocultures of either agrostis capillaris or lolium perenne. modifica ... | 2004 | 12768382 |
| genetic constitution and pathogenicity of lolium isolates of magnaporthe oryzae in comparison with host species-specific pathotypes of the blast fungus. | abstract fungal isolates from gray leaf spot on perennial ryegrass (prg isolates) were characterized by dna analyses, mating tests, and pathogenicity assays. all of the prg isolates were interfertile with triticum isolates and clustered into the crop isolate group (cc group) on a dendrogram constructed from rdna-internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. since the cc group corresponded to a newly proposed species, magnaporthe oryzae, all of the prg isolates were designated m. oryzae. however, dna ... | 2004 | 18943763 |
| role of phenology in host susceptibility and within-plant spread of stem rust during reproductive development of perennial ryegrass. | abstract perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) was inoculated with urediniospores of puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola at four stages of reproductive tiller development. all developmental stages, from expansion of the penultimate leaf through anthesis, were equally susceptible to infection measured as number of pustules per total inoculated plant area. however, within each stage from boot through anthesis, there was a negative correlation of susceptibility with age of host tissue, the highest d ... | 2004 | 18943980 |
| recovery from drought stress in lolium perenne (poaceae): are fungal endophytes detrimental? | perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) is a cool-season, perennial species widely used for forage and turf. it is often infected by a clandestine, endophytic fungus (neotyphodium lolii) that has the potential to affect host growth responses to abiotically stressful conditions. in some species, the grass-endophyte symbiosis is mutualistic, but the relationship is reported to be contingent on environmental conditions and host genotype in l. perenne. the objective of this research was to determine the ... | 2004 | 21652344 |
| expression of a novel chitinase by the fungal endophyte in poa ampla. | many wild and cultivated cool-season grass species are naturally infected with fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichloë. these associations generally are considered mutualistic with the plants benefiting from reduced herbivory and the fungi benefiting from nutrients supplied by the plants. the fungi secrete proteins that might have a role in the interspecies symbiosis. in the interaction between poa ampla merr. and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal chitinase was detected ... | 2004 | 21148875 |
| a temperature and leaf wetness duration-based model for prediction of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf. | abstract gray leaf spot is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), causing severe epidemics in golf course fairways. the effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on the development of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf were evaluated in controlled environment chambers. six-week-old legacy ii ryegrass plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidial suspension of pyricularia grisea (approximately 8 x 10(4) conidia per ml of water) and subjected to four different te ... | 2003 | 18944344 |
| prediction of stem rust infection favorability, by means of degree-hour wetness duration, for perennial ryegrass seed crops. | abstract a weather-based infection model for stem rust of perennial ryegrass seed crops was developed and tested using data from inoculated bioassay plants in a field environment with monitored weather. the model describes favorability of daily weather as a proportion (0.0 to 1.0) of the maximum possible infection level set by host and inoculum. moisture duration and temperature are combined in one factor as wet degree-hours (dh(w)) (i.e., degree-hours > 2.0 degrees c summed only over time inter ... | 2003 | 18944362 |
| mathematical modeling of allelopathy. iii. a model for curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses. | bioassay techniques are often used to study the effects of allelochemicals on plant processes, and it is generally observed that the processes are stimulated at low allelochemical concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations increase. a simple empirical model is presented to analyze this type of response. the stimulation-inhibition properties of allelochemical-dose responses can be described by the parameters in the model. the indices, p% reductions, are calculated to assess the allelochem ... | 2003 | 19330111 |
| field resistance to strobilurin (q(o)i) fungicides in pyricularia grisea caused by mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | abstract gray leaf spot caused by pyricularia grisea is a highly destructive disease of perennial ryegrass turf. control of gray leaf spot is dependent on the use of preventative fungicide treatments. strobilurin-based (q(o)i) fungicides, which inhibit the cytochrome bc(1) respiratory complex, have proven to be very effective against gray leaf spot. however, in august 2000, disease was diagnosed in q(o)i-treated perennial ryegrass turf on golf courses in lexington, ky, champaign, il, and bloomin ... | 2003 | 18943171 |
| impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of central europe. | the impact of land use intensity on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated at eight sites in the "three-country corner" of france, germany, and switzerland. three sites were low-input, species-rich grasslands. two sites represented low- to moderate-input farming with a 7-year crop rotation, and three sites represented high-input continuous maize monocropping. representative soil samples were taken, and the amf spores present were morphologically identified and count ... | 2003 | 12732553 |
| neozygites abacaridis sp. nov. (entomophthorales), a new pathogen of phytophagous mites (acari, eriophyidae). | a new entomopathogenic fungus, described here as neozygites abacaridis n. sp. (zygomycetes: entomophthorales), has been found on the mites abacarus hystrix, aculodes dubius, and a. mckenziei (acari: eriophyidae). it differs from other neozygites species affecting mites by its small, globose primary conidia, short-ovoid, smoky coloured capilliconidia, and very short capillary conidiophores-which are usually not longer than the spore length. this pathogen infected mite individuals in autumn (from ... | 2003 | 12877829 |
| comparison of tall fescue (cyperales: gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to european chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | three cultivars of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by european chafer grubs, rhizotrogus majalis (razoumowsky). potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs per 0.1 m2 on 19 august 2000. more grubs were added in late september and october, bringing the total ... | 2003 | 14977131 |
| the physico-chemical characterization of a boiling stable antifreeze protein from a perennial grass (lolium perenne). | we have characterized a cold-induced, boiling stable antifreeze protein. this highly active ice recrystallization inhibition protein shows a much lower thermal hysteresis effect and displays binding behavior that is uncharacteristic of any afp from fish or insects. ice-binding studies show it binds to the (1 0 1 0) plane of ice and ftir studies reveal that it has an unusual type of highly beta-sheeted secondary structure. ice-binding studies of both glycosylated and nonglycosylated expressed for ... | 2003 | 12573283 |
| the effect of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites. | conventionally, farmers rely upon the routine use of anthelmintics to control helminth parasites and their use has proved highly cost-effective. however, several factors, including the emergence of helminths resistant to pharmaceutical anthelmintics, are forcing farmers to seek alternative approaches to parasite control. studies in new zealand have shown that some alternative forages may reduce parasitic infestation in sheep. in the current study, it was found that under uk environmental conditi ... | 2003 | 12581592 |
| the development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on a range of herbage species or on plots of differing topographical aspect. | five "contaminations", where faeces containing trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were deposited on pasture and serially recovered, were used to compare the rate of decline of faecal mass and larval development. in the first three contaminations, faeces from a common source were deposited on swards of browntop (agrostis capillaris cv grasslands muster), ryegrass (lolium perenne cv grassland nui), white clover (trifolium pratense cv grassland tahora), or onto bare ground in the late spring, summ ... | 2003 | 12591198 |
| carbon mineralisation and plant growth in soil amended with compost samples at different degrees of maturity. | the carbon and nitrogen mineralisation of a composting mixture of brewing yeast and lemon tree prunings was studied, at different degrees of stabilisation of this matrix, within an incubation experiment in soil. meanwhile, a growth test in pots with ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) was carried out using the selected soil and equal amounts of the composting mixture taken at different maturation steps, in order to evaluate the additions of these organic amendments in terms of fertilising value. sample ... | 2003 | 12739731 |
| epidemiology of atopy in 220 children. diagnostic reliability of skin prick tests and total and specific ige levels. | we have prospectively studied 220 children attending our division because they suffered from atopic dermatitis (ad), asthma, and allergic rhinitis (ar), to assess the epidemiology of atopic diseases, and effectiveness of the diagnostic tests commonly used in allergic children. | 2003 | 12754457 |
| [legume cross-reactivity]. | legumes are dicotyledonous plants belonging to the fabales order. the main distinctive characteristic of which is their fruit (legumen, seeds contained in pods). this botanical order is formed by three families: mimosaceae, caesalpiniaceae and papilionaceae or fabacea. the papilionaceae family includes the most important allergenic species: lens culinaris (lentil), cicer arietinum (chick-pea), pisum sátivum (pea), arachis hipogea (peanut), phaseolus vulgaris (bean) y glycine max (soy). legumes a ... | 2003 | 12783766 |
| effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution on plant performance and aphid reproduction. | human management practices and large detritivores such as earthworms incorporate plant litter into the soil, thereby forming a heterogeneous soil environment from which plant roots extract nutrients. in a greenhouse experiment we investigated effects of earthworms and spatial distribution of (15)n-labelled grass litter on plants of different functional groups [ lolium perenne (grass), plantago lanceolata (forb), trifolium repens (legume)]. earthworms enhanced shoot and root growth in l. perenne ... | 2003 | 12844255 |
| morphological compatibility of white clover and perennial ryegrass cultivars grown under two nitrate levels in flowing solution culture. | the effects of nitrate (no3-) supply on shoot morphology, vertical distribution of shoot and root biomass and total nitrogen (n) acquisition by two perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) cultivars (aberelan and preference) and two white clover (trifolium repens l.) cultivars (grasslands huia and aberherald) were studied in flowing nutrient culture. cultivars were grown from seed as monocultures and the clovers inoculated with rhizobium. the 6-week measurement period began on day 34 (grasses) and ... | 2003 | 12876188 |
| whole-body fluxes and partitioning of amino acids to the mammary gland of cows fed fresh pasture at two levels of intake during early lactation. | the utilisation of essential amino acids (eaa) by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows fed fresh forages was studied to provide basic information useful in designing strategies to increase the production of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows. the relationship between the flux of eaa in the whole body and their uptake by the mammary gland was determined in four cows in early lactation (length of time in milk 44 (sd 14.5) d) producing 21 (sd 4.0) kg milk/d. the cows were maintained in m ... | 2003 | 12908887 |
| does mowing height influence alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | the mutualistic symbiosis following infection of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne, by fungal endophyte (neotyphodium spp.) results in the production of alkaloids that are feeding deterrents or toxic to insects and livestock. if the levels of the alkaloids can be manipulated by cultural practices in the grasses that are used for home lawns and golf courses, this could alleviate the need for pesticide applications in urban environments. we evaluated the infl ... | 2003 | 12918918 |
| fate of urine nitrogen in three soils throughout a grazing season. | the fate of 15n-labeled cattle (bos taurus) urine (52 g n m(-2)), applied to a 0.4-m2 surface area on three dates between may and october to three different pasture soils, was studied using 2-m2 lysimeters. over a period of two years, the sward recovered most of the 15n, but the amount recovered decreased with application date (62% in spring to 17% in fall). however, n uptake by ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) in year 2 showed that some nitrogen came from the previous year's urine application. the ... | 2003 | 12931896 |
| hot alkali-labile linkages in the walls of the forage grass phalaris aquatica and lolium perenne and their relation to in vitro wall digestibility. | the factors affecting in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivdmd) of fully mature internodes of 150 lines of the forage grass, phalaris aquatica, and internodes of 100 lines of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), harvested just after anthesis, were investigated. the relationships between ivdmd and the contents of acetyl bromide lignin, and ester-ether linkages between lignin and wall polysaccharides, measured by hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas) released by 4 m naoh at 170 degrees c respectively, were ... | 2003 | 12943783 |
| stimulation of soil nitrification and denitrification by grazing in grasslands: do changes in plant species composition matter? | stimulation of nitrification and denitrification by long term (from years to decades) grazing has commonly been reported in different grassland ecosystems. however, grazing generally induces important changes in plant species composition, and whether changes in nitrification and denitrification are primarily due to changes in vegetation composition has never been tested. we compared soil nitrification- and denitrification-enzyme activities (nea and dea, respectively) between semi-natural grassla ... | 2003 | 12955489 |
| isolation and characterisation of an invertase cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). | an invertase (lpft2) cdna from perennial ryegrass was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an orf of 2016 bp encoding a protein of 671 amino acids. lpft2 is 76% identical to sugarcane soluble acid invertase, and contains invertase and fructosyltransferase functional domains. lpft2 is present as a single copy gene and maps to the distal region of lg6 in perennial ryegrass. the expression pattern analysis of lpft2 revealed transcript accumulation in seedlings and in mature ... | 2003 | 12964866 |
| characteristics of pollinosis caused by betula in patients from ourense (galicia, spain). | a retrospective study was performed to describe the features of the pollinosis caused by betula in the area of ourense, spain. the pollen count was carried out with a lanzoni volumetric hirts spore trap (1993-2000). the betula pollen represented 5% over the annual total (annual mean quantity: 965 grains). it was present in the air from march to mid-may. the highest peaks took place in april (maximum values mean: 131 grains/m3). the medical records of 222 patients (mean age 25.66 years) diagnosed ... | 2003 | 12968397 |
| comparison of growth performance of lolium perenne l., dactylis glomerata l. and agropyron elongatum (host.) p. beauv. for erosion control in turkey. | this study was carried out in plastic containers to compare growth performances of perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and tall wheatgrass to be given priority in revegetation studies in turkey. three pre-germinated seeds of each grass species were planted separately into the soil in the black plastic containers. seedlings were harvested 2, 4 and 6 months after planting pre-germinated seeds and measured for percentage of seedling emergence, rooting depth, height growth, leaf and tiller development ... | 2003 | 12974411 |
| the infection process of colletotrichum graminicola and relative aggressiveness on four turfgrass species. | detached 3-week-old leaves of agrostis palustris, lolium perenne, poa annua, and poa pratensis were inoculated with conidial suspensions of two isolates of colletotrichum graminicola obtained from a. palustris. inoculated leaves were incubated at 23 degrees c under high relative humidity (>95%). the infection process was investigated by light microscopy from 2 to 168 h after inoculation (ai). spore germination was observed within 2 h ai, appressoria within 6 h ai, and penetration pores within 8 ... | 2003 | 14569284 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of electrophoretically separated allergens and proteases in grass pollen diffusates. | pollens are important triggers for allergic asthma and seasonal rhinitis, and proteases released by major allergenic pollens can injure airway epithelial cells in vitro. disruption of mucosal epithelial integrity by proteases released by inhaled pollens could promote allergic sensitisation. | 2003 | 14577842 |
| beneficial properties of single-domain antibody fragments for application in immunoaffinity purification and immuno-perfusion chromatography. | we explored the possibility to apply single-domain antibodies from camelidae for immunoaffinity purification of the ice structuring protein (isp) from lolium perenne, which modifies ice crystal growth and therefore has potential application in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and (frozen) foods. using phage display together with an appropriate selection method, a group of candidate fragments was isolated from a llama-derived immune library. affinity chromatography using a purposely selected ... | 2003 | 14642809 |
| discrimination against 13c during degradation of simple and complex substrates by two white rot fungi. | changes in isotopic 13c signatures of co2-c evolved during decomposition of a sugar (glucose), a fatty acid (palmitic acid), a protein (albumin), a structural biopolymer (lignin) and bulk plant tissue (aerial shoots from lolium perenne) were monitored over a period of 76 days. all materials were sterilized and inoculated with either of two different species of white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium or coriolus versicolor, and incubated in sealed bottles at 28 degrees c. the co2 concentrati ... | 2003 | 14648898 |
| the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces. | studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ... | 2003 | 14651879 |
| biochemical outcome of blocking the ergot alkaloid pathway of a grass endophyte. | neotyphodium sp. lp1, an endophytic fungus from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), produces the mycotoxin ergovaline in infected grasses, whereas a mutant in which a particular peptide synthetase gene is knocked out does not. we examined the impact of this knockout on other constituents of the ergot alkaloid pathway. two simple lysergic acid amides, ergine and a previously undescribed amide, were eliminated by the knockout. lysergic acid accumulated in the knockout endophyte, but quantities we ... | 2003 | 14558758 |
| [responses of agricultural crops of free-air co2 enrichment]. | over the past decade, free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiments have been conducted on several agricultural crops: wheat(triticum aestivum l.), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and rice(oryza sativa l.) which are c3 grasses; sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) möench), a c4 grass; white clover (trifolium repens), a c3 legume; potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a c3 forb with tuber storage; and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and grape (vitis vinifera l.) which are c3 woody perennials. using reports fr ... | 2002 | 12557686 |
| does decreased mowing frequency enhance alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne. are widely infected with fungal endophytes (neotyphodium spp.). the symbiosis between plant and fungus leads to synthesis of alkaloids that have been shown to be either toxic or act as feeding deterrents against insect pests. as cultural practices have the potential to regulate production of plant secondary metabolites, we evaluated the influence of mowing frequency on the levels of major alkaloids in tall fescue and peren ... | 2002 | 12049232 |
| surveys of microfungi in a former industrial area in duisburg-nord. | one hundred and forty microfungi (ascomycetes and deuteromycetes) were collected in the "landschaftspark duisburg-nord" located in north rhine-westphalia. new hosts for rarely found fungi are recorded for the first time. new for germany are massaria inquinans (tode) de not. and nitschkia grevillei (rhem) nannf. on acer pseudoplatanus l., pirottaea nigrostriata graddon on artemisia vulgaris l., ceratopycnis clematidis höhn. on clematis vitalba l., dasyscyphus aff. humuli (w. phillips) dennis on h ... | 2002 | 12701427 |
| effects of grazing undrenched weaner deer on chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on the viability of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms. | this study determined the in vitro effects on the viability of internal parasites of grazing undrenched weaner deer on either chicory (cichorium intybus) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)/white clover (trifolium repens) pasture. one experiment investigated the hatching and development of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and larvae, and the development and motility of l1 lungworm (dictyocaulus eckerti) larvae, and a second experiment used larval migration inhibition assays to test the viabilit ... | 2002 | 12371691 |
| [allergens and risk factors in pediatric patients with allergic seasonal conjunctivitis]. | the seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the ocular surface that affects mainly children, with predominance of male sex. it is an immunological disease with a typical reaction of hypersensitivity type 1 (ige), resulted from several biological reactions (antigen-antibody) and it's associated to several risk factors. | 2002 | 12374042 |
| alpha-tocopherol concentrations and case life of lamb muscle as influenced by concentrate or pasture finishing. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate alpha-tocopherol accumulation in muscle of lambs finished on pasture or concentrates. the objective for exp. 1 was to compare accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in the longissimus muscle of pasture-fed lambs to that of lambs fed three concentrations (15, 150, and 300 iu/kg of dm) of supplemental vitamin e (all rac alpha-tocopheryl acetate) in all-concentrate diets. the objective in exp. 2 was to investigate the effect of duration of supplemental vitamin e ... | 2002 | 12413072 |
| lotus corniculatus condensed tannins decrease in vivo populations of proteolytic bacteria and affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of sheep. | condensed tannins in forage legumes improve the nutrition of sheep by reducing ruminal degradation of plant protein and increasing crude protein flow to the intestine. however, the effects of condensed tannins in forage legumes on rumen bacterial populations in vivo are poorly understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of condensed tannins from lotus corniculatus on four proteolytic rumen bacteria in sheep during and after transition from a ryegrass (lolium perenne ... | 2002 | 12489781 |
| feed intake of young double-muscled bulls fed on grass and supplemented with sugar-beet pulp. | daily dry matter intake in young growing double-muscled bulls, fed indoors on grass, was estimated based on forty-four intake data from 28 animals, ageing at least five months and weighing up to 400 kg live weight. intake was measured during five consecutive days using one of eighteen cuts of grass. fresh meadow grass (mainly lolium perenne) was fed ad libitum and two kg dried sugar-beet pulp was offered per animal and per day. animal live weight averaged 278 +/- 82 kg and mean total daily dry m ... | 2002 | 12556046 |
| influence of flavor on goat feeding preferences. | goat feeding preferences for straw pellets flavored with ryegrass (lolium perenne, cv. belida) or white clover (trifolium repens, cv. huia) aromatic extracts, obtained by means of a cold aromatic extraction method, were assessed with cafeteria trials. prior to the trials, odor differences between the two plant species, the two aromatic extracts, and the straw pellets sprayed with the two aromatic extracts were verified using sensory analysis performed by 30 human panelists. since odor difference ... | 2002 | 11925067 |
| grass species and endophyte effects on survival and development of fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | grass selections including 10 zoysiagrasses, 18 paspalums, 34 bermuda grasses, tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and perennial ryegrasses with and without endophyte were evaluated for potential resistance to fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), larvae. laboratory evaluations assessed the degree of antibiosis among >70 grass lines to first-instar fall armvworms. when all parameters measured were considered, the trend in resistance to fall armyworm among endophyte-infected (e+) and ... | 2002 | 12020031 |
| degradation of fresh ryegrass by methanogenic co-cultures of ruminal fungi grown in the presence or absence of fibrobacter succinogenes. | the ability of five ruminal fungi in syntrophic co-culture with the methanogen methanobrevibacter smithii to degrade perennial ryegrass ( lolium perenne) stem fragments and leaf blades was studied to determine the susceptibilities of non-autoclaved fresh tissues to fungal degradation. autoclaving did not significantly increase fungal degradation of stem fragments but strongly increased degradation of leaf blades by a species of caecomyces. in methanogenic co-cultures, non-autoclaved stem fragmen ... | 2002 | 12029527 |
| phytoremediation of subarctic soil contaminated with diesel fuel. | the effects of several plant species, native to northern latitudes, and different soil amendments, on diesel fuel removal from soil were studied. plant treatments included scots pine (pinus sylvestris), poplar (populus deltoides x wettsteinii), a grass mixture (red fescue, fesuca rubra; smooth meadowgrass, poa pratensis and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne) and a legume mixture (white clover, trifolium repens and pea, pisum sativum). soil amendments included npk fertiliser, a compost extract a ... | 2002 | 12118697 |
| attenuation of groundwater contamination caused by cattle slurry: a plot-scale experimental study. | infiltration of contaminants was investigated in a flat pasture plot lolium perenne l. which received 250 m3/ha of cattle slurry. lysimeters and piezometers had previously been installed in the plot to sample groundwater at different depths. water samples were analysed for ph, conductivity, nh4(+), no3-, orthophosphate, cl-, na+, k+, ca2+, mg2+ and chemical oxygen demand (cod), and for faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. contaminant concentrations in water samples taken in lysimeters at a ... | 2002 | 12139326 |
| is lolium pollen from an urban environment more allergenic than rural pollen? | allergy to grass pollen is a highly prevalent allergic disease. hay fever is more predominant in urban than in rural areas, despite the increasingly smaller areas of surrounding grassland. the effect of vehicle exhaust pollutants, mainly diesel particles, and other industrial sources of atmospheric pollution leading to plant damage has been implicated in this phenomenon. | 2002 | 12199966 |
| ryegrass host genetic control of concentrations of endophyte-derived alkaloids. | endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. while the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. host genetic influence on endophyte activity was studied in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) infected with a common strain of neotyphodium lolii (latch, christensen & samuels) glenn, bacon & hanlin. progeny seedling families of a partial diallel cross and their 12 pare ... | 2002 | 11756253 |
| dynamic and steady-state responses of inorganic nitrogen pools and nh(3) exchange in leaves of lolium perenne and bromus erectus to changes in root nitrogen supply. | short- and long-term responses of inorganic n pools and plant-atmosphere nh(3) exchange to changes in external n supply were investigated in 11-week-old plants of two grass species, lolium perenne and bromus erectus, characteristic of n-rich and n-poor grassland ecosystems, respectively. a switch of root n source from no(-)(3)to nh(4)(+) caused within 3 h a 3- to 6-fold increase in leaf apoplastic nh(4)(+) concentration and a simultaneous decrease in apoplastic ph of about 0.4 ph units in both s ... | 2002 | 11842177 |
| clinical characteristics of patients with mustard hypersensitivity. | although mustard is frequently consumed in spain and elsewhere, only isolated case reports of mustard allergy have been reported. no large series of case studies have been published. | 2002 | 12197573 |
| accumulation of hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in hmx-contaminated anti-tank firing-range soil. | to investigate their potential for phytoremediation, selected agricultural and indigenous terrestrial plants were examined fortheir capacity to accumulate and degrade the explosive octahydro-1 ,3,5,7-tetra nitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (hmx). plant tissue and soil extracts were analyzed for the presence of hmx and possible degradative metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array uv detection (hplc-uv), micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode-array uv detection ... | 2002 | 11811476 |
| morphological variation in different host populations of abacarus hystrix (acari: prostigmata: eriophyoidea). | the present systematic classification of eriophyoidea is widely recognised as artificial and not reflecting plant-herbivore linkage. quantitative description of host-related morphological variation can provide the basic information needed to improve the eriophyoid taxonomic system and enhance our understanding of mechanisms generating this variation. the purpose of this study was to investigate quantitative morphological traits of populations of cereal rust mite abacarus hystrix (nalepa 1896) li ... | 2002 | 12537292 |
| novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer. | aims: this paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. growth: grazing on pure swards of red clover (trifolium pratense) or chicory (chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14 ... | 2002 | 16032280 |
| pyricularia grisea isolates causing gray leaf spot on perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) in the united states: relationship to p. grisea isolates from other host plants. | abstract gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (prg) (lolium perenne), caused by the fungus pyricularia grisea (teleomorph = magnaporthe grisea), has rapidly become the most destructive of all turf grass diseases in the united states. fungal isolates from infected prg were analyzed with several molecular markers to investigate their relationship to p. grisea strains found on other hosts. all of the molecular markers used in this study revealed that isolates from prg are very distantly related to ... | 2002 | 18943995 |
| effect of feeding pasture-finished cattle different conserved forages on escherichia coli in the rumen and faeces. | the effects of eight different pre-slaughter diets on gut microflora, ph and dry matter were evaluated in 112 slaughter-weight, pasture-finished heifers. hide dirtiness at slaughter, plasma cortisol, meat ph and stickiness, and liveweight loss, were also examined. the pre-slaughter diets were: 48 h of 100% meadow hay, lucerne hay, red clover hay, perennial ryegrass hay, haylage, haylage supplemented with maize silage, pasture, or 24 h fasting before transport. fasted animals had the highest coun ... | 2002 | 22061197 |
| a temperature-based model for latent-period duration in stem rust of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. | abstract a temperature-response curve for latent-period duration in stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue was developed from constant-temperature experiments with inoculated plants and evaluated in field experiments. under constant-temperature conditions, time from infection to 50% of pustules erupted for perennial ryegrass ranged from 54 days at 3.5 degrees c to 5.9 days at 26.5 degrees c. the latent period (lp(50)) duration of tall fes ... | 2001 | 18944285 |
| a comparison of manometric and membrane-electrode procedures for measuring rates of leaf decay. | two instruments were compared for consistency of decay-rate measurements of four leaf types: lolium perenne, typha domingenesis, casuarina cunninghamiana and eucalyptus polyanthemos, via progressive biological oxygen demand (bod). the instruments were (a) a dissolved oxygen probe (i.e. an oxygen-selective membrane electrode) used in two different modes: (1) measurements of sacrificial samples that were successively discarded, and (2) repeated measurements of the same sample, and (b) a mercury fr ... | 2001 | 11349381 |