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allelopathic potential of artemisia arborescens: isolation, identification and quantification of phytotoxic compounds through fractionation-guided bioassays.the aerial part of artemisia arborescens l. (asteraceae) was extracted with water and methanol, and both extracts were fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. the potential phytotoxicity of both crude extracts and their fractions were assayed in vitro on seed germination and root growth of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), a sensitive species largely employed in the allelopathy studies. the inhibitory activities were analysed by dose-response curves and the ed 50 were es ...201322687059
genotype variations in cadmium and lead accumulations of leafy lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and screening for pollution-safe cultivars for food safety.heavy-metals in polluted soils can accumulate in plants and threaten crop safety. to evaluate the risk of heavy-metal pollution in leafy lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), two pot experiments were conducted to investigate cd and pb accumulation and transfer potential in 28 cultivars of lettuce and to screen for low-cd and low-pb accumulative cultivars. in the three treatments, 5.2-fold, 4.8-fold and 4.8-fold differences in the shoot cd concentration were observed between the cultivars with the highest ...201323665926
structure-activity relationships of analogs of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5h)-one with germination inhibitory activities.smoke-derived butenolide compounds have, in recent years, been shown to be important germination signaling molecules, which also affect seedling growth. the butenolide 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5h)-one was previously isolated from plant-derived smoke and was found to significantly reduce the effect on germination by the highly active promotor karrikinolide (kar1, 3-methyl-2h-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one), another smoke-derived compound. in this study, 11 analogs of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5h)-one were syn ...201323648109
chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antioxidant activity of fresh and dry leaves crude extracts of medicinal plant of lactuca sativa l. native to sultanate of oman.to isolate and analyse the chemical composition in the essential oils and free radical scavenging activity of different crude extracts from the fresh and dry leaves of vegetable plants of lactuca sativa l. (l. sativa).201323646297
lactuca spp. seeds as a bioindicator for the toxicity of gezira tannery corporation wastewater.this study was conducted to establish the potential of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. buttercrunch) seeds as a bioindicator (bi), or a biological tool for detecting the presence of some toxic materials used in tanning industry and determining their concentrations using the germination percentage as a parameter (indicator). samples of gezira tannery corporation (gtc) wastewater (ww) were collected from both the mouth and the tail of the drainage stream. lettuce seeds (10/petri dish, replicated 3 ...201323631151
the linear accumulation of atmospheric mercury by vegetable and grass leaves: potential biomonitors for atmospheric mercury pollution.one question in the use of plants as biomonitors for atmospheric mercury (hg) is to confirm the linear relationships of hg concentrations between air and leaves. to explore the origin of hg in the vegetable and grass leaves, open top chambers (otcs) experiment was conducted to study the relationships of hg concentrations between air and leaves of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). the influence of hg in soil o ...201323589268
an ultra-high-density, transcript-based, genetic map of lettuce.we have generated an ultra-high-density genetic map for lettuce, an economically important member of the compositae, consisting of 12,842 unigenes (13,943 markers) mapped in 3696 genetic bins distributed over nine chromosomal linkage groups. genomic dna was hybridized to a custom affymetrix oligonucleotide array containing 6.4 million features representing 35,628 unigenes of lactuca spp. segregation of single-position polymorphisms was analyzed using 213 f7:8 recombinant inbred lines that had be ...201323550116
preillumination of lettuce seedlings with red light enhances the resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to uv-a.seedlings of 10-day-old lettuce (lactuca sativa l., cultivar berlin) were preilluminated by low intensity red light (λmax=660 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red light (λmax=730 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) to study the effect of pre-treatment on photosynthesis, photochemical activity of photosystem ii (psii), the contents of photosynthetic and uv-a-absorbing pigments (uaps) and h2o2, as well as total and ascorbate peroxidase activities in cotyledonary leaves of seedling ...201323548435
performance and feeding behaviour of two biotypes of the black currant-lettuce aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri, on resistant and susceptible lactuca sativa near-isogenic lines.the black currant-lettuce aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri, is an important pest of cultivated lettuce, lactuca sativa. since 1982, the control of this aphid on lettuce is largely based on host plant resistance, conferred by the nr gene, introgressed from lactuca virosa. the resistance mechanism remains to be identified. n. ribisnigri populations virulent on the nr-based resistance in lettuce have emerged in several locations in europe since 2007. the objective of this study was to investigate the re ...201323480294
isolation of phenolic compounds from iceberg lettuce and impact on enzymatic browning.enzymatic browning is generally reported as the reaction between phenolic substances and enzymes. the quality of iceberg lettuce is directly linked to this discoloration. in particular, the color change of lettuce stems considerably reduces consumer acceptance and thus decreases sales revenue of iceberg lettuce. ten phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, phaseolic acid, chicoric acid, isochlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-o-glucuronide, quercetin-3-o-glucuronide, quercetin-3-o-galactoside ...201323473017
iodine effects on phenolic metabolism in lettuce plants under salt stress.iodine, applied as iodate in biofortification programs (at doses of ≤80 μm), has been confirmed to improve the foliar biomass, antioxidant response, and accumulation of phenol compounds in lettuce plants. the changes in phenolic compounds induced by the iodate application appear to have functional consequences in the response of salt-stressed plants. thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the application of iodate can improve the response of severe salinity stress and whethe ...201323445402
modelling metal-metal interactions and metal toxicity to lettuce lactuca sativa following mixture exposure (cu²⁺-zn²⁺ and cu²⁺-ag⁺).metal toxicity to lettuce lactuca sativa was determined following mixture exposure based on the concepts of concentration addition (ca) and response addition (ra). on the basis of conventional models assuming no interaction between mixture components, ag(+) was the most toxic, followed by cu(2+) and zn(2+). furthermore, ion-ion interactions were included in quantitatively estimating toxicity of interactive mixtures of cu(2+)-zn(2+) and cu(2+)-ag(+) by linearly expanding the ca and ra models. abo ...201323429096
comparison of photocatalytic degradation of dyes in relation to their structure.the photocatalytic degradation of a series of six acid dyes (direct red 80, direct red 81, direct red 23, direct violet 51, direct yellow 27, and direct yellow 50) has been tested compared in terms of color removal, mineralization, and toxicity (lactuca sativa l. test) after photocatalysis on immobilized titanium dioxide. the dyes were examined at their natural ph and after hydrolysis at ph 12. results show that hydrolysis decreases strongly the efficiency of color removal, that full mineralizat ...201323423868
the influence of two lithium forms on the growth, l-ascorbic acid content and lithium accumulation in lettuce plants.lithium (li) is a trace element that is essential in the human diet due to its importance for health and proper functioning of an organism. however, the biological activity of this metal in crop plants, which are the primary dietary sources of li, is still poorly understood. the aim of the presented study was to comparatively analyse two li chemical forms on the growth, as well as the l-ascorbic acid content, the li accumulation and translocation in butterhead lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. cap ...201323354541
development of genomic ssr markers for fingerprinting lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivars and mapping genes.lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) is the major crop from the group of leafy vegetables. several types of molecular markers were developed that are effectively used in lettuce breeding and genetic studies. however only a very limited number of microsattelite-based markers are publicly available. we have employed the method of enriched microsatellite libraries to develop 97 genomic ssr markers.201323339733
improved glycemic control, pancreas protective and hepatoprotective effect by traditional poly-herbal formulation "qurs tabasheer" in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of a traditional unani formulation "qurs tabasheer" in streptozotocin (stz) induced diabetic wistar rats. up till now no study was undertaken to appraise the efficacy of "qurs tabasheer" in the diabetic rats. qurs tabasheer is a unani formulation restraining preparations from five various herbs namely tukhme khurfa (portulaca oleracea seed), gule surkh (rosa damascena flower), gulna ...201323305114
ecotoxicity of cr, cd, and pb on two mediterranean soils.three potentially toxic elements [chromium (cr), lead (pb), and cadmium (cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin. the soils were a granitic soil (haplic arenosol), which meets the requirements of oecd ecotoxicity testing, and a calcareous soil (calcaric regosol) with properties often found in the mediterranean areas. the metal concentrations used ranged from 0.001 to 5,000 mg kg(-1) soil. the effects on soil microbial activity and community compos ...201323212577
role of ascorbic acid in the inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and the prevention of browning in different browning-sensitive lactuca sativa var. capitata (l.) and eruca sativa (mill.) stored as fresh-cut produce.polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and, to a minor extent, peroxidase (pod) represent the key enzymes involved in enzymatic browning, a negative process induced by cutting fresh-cut produce such as lettuce (lactuca sativa) and rocket salad (eruca sativa). although ascorbic acid is frequently utilised as an anti-browning agent, its mechanism in the prevention of the browning phenomenon is not clearly understood.201323184255
modeling toxicity of binary metal mixtures (cu(2+) -ag(+) , cu(2+) -zn(2+) ) to lettuce, lactuca sativa, with the biotic ligand model.the biotic ligand model (blm) was applied to predict metal toxicity to lettuce, lactuca sativa. cu(2+) had the lowest median effective activity (ea50(m) ), compared with ag(+) and zn(2+) (ea50(cu)  = 2.60 × 10(-8) m, ea50(ag) = 1.34 × 10(-7)  m, ea50(zn) = 1.06 × 10(-4)  m). at the 50% response level, the fraction of the total number of biotic ligands occupied by ions (f50(m) ) was lowest for ag(+) among the metals (f50(ag) = 0.22, f50(cu) = 0.36, f50(zn) = 0.42). cu(2+) had the highest affinity ...201323109233
effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) for inducing the accumulation of major carotenoids, chlorophylls and tocopherol in green and red leaf lettuces.previous studies demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) can induce the accumulation of carotenoids, phenolics, anthocyanins and some mineral nutrients in leaves of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) thus enhancing its nutritional quality. our objectives were to know which carotenoids were the most accumulated in leaves of mycorrhizal lettuces and to assess the effect of amf on tocopherols' levels in leaves of lettuce plants. amf always enhanced growth and, in most cases, increased the lev ...201323108529
quantitative trait loci associated with tipburn, heat stress-induced physiological disorders, and maturity traits in crisphead lettuce.crisphead lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) crops exhibit several economically important, physiological disorders when grown in high temperature conditions. these include tipburn, rib discoloration, premature bolting, ribbiness, and internal rib cracking. we evaluated seven physiological disorders and three agronomic traits segregating in a recombinant inbred line (ril) population consisting of 152 f7 rils derived from an intra-specific cross between two crisphead cultivars, l. sativa cv. emperor x l. ...201324078012
substituent effects of cis-cinnamic acid analogues as plant growh inhibitors.1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals that has been isolated from spiraea thunbergii sieb by hiradate et al. it derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid (cis-ca), which is crucial for phytotoxicity. by preparing and assaying a series of cis-ca analogues, it was previously found that the key features of cis-ca for lettuce root growth inhibition are a phenyl ring, cis-configuration of the alkene moiety, and carboxylic acid. on the basis ...201324070619
mineral nutrition and enzymatic adaptation induced by arsenate and arsenite exposure in lettuce plants.arsenate (as(v)) and arsenite (as(iii)) contamination is able to interfere negatively on plant metabolism, promoting a reduction of nutrients uptake and transport and also an increase of reactive oxygen species (ros) generation. however, some plants are considered tolerant against as exposure through the activation of defense mechanisms. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different as(v) and as(iii) concentrations (0.0, 6.6, 13.2, 26.4 and 52.8 μmol l(-1)), on mineral nutrien ...201324007815
identification of thaumatin-like protein and aspartyl protease as new major allergens in lettuce (lactuca sativa).today, about 2-8% of the population of western countries exhibits some type of food allergy whose impact ranges from localized symptoms confined to the oral mucosa to severe anaphylactic reactions. consumed worldwide, lettuce is a compositae family vegetable that can elicit allergic reactions. to date, however, only one lipid transfer protein has been described in allergic reaction to lettuce. the aim of this study was to identify potential new allergens involved in lettuce allergy.201323983075
an intra-specific linkage map of lettuce (lactuca sativa) and genetic analysis of postharvest discolouration traits.minimally processed salad packs often suffer from discolouration on cut leaf edges within a few days after harvest. this limits shelf life of the product and results in high wastage. recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between lettuce cvs. saladin and iceberg were shown to be suitable for genetic analysis of postharvest discolouration traits in lettuce. an intra-specific linkage map based on this population was generated to enable genetic analysis. a total of 424 markers were as ...201323959526
reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a powerful tool for metabolic profiling of vegetables: lactuca sativa as an example of its application.lettuce (lactuca sativa), a leafy vegetal widely consumed worldwide, fresh cut or minimally processed, constitutes a major dietary source of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. in this study, reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-uhplc) coupled to electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (esi-qtof-ms) was applied for the comprehensive profiling of polar and semi-polar metabolites from three lettuce cultivars (baby, romaine, and icebe ...201323891214
genotoxicity of nicotiana tabacum leaves on helix aspersa.tobacco farmers are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of inorganic and organic chemicals present in tobacco leaves. in this study, we examined the genotoxicity of tobacco leaves in the snail helix aspersa as a measure of the risk to human health. dna damage was evaluated using the micronucleus test and the comet assay and the concentration of cytochrome p450 enzymes was estimated. two groups of snails were studied: one fed on tobacco leaves and one fed on lettuce (lactuca sativa l) leaves (c ...201323885210
bioactive steroidal saponins from agave offoyana flowers.bioguided studies of flowers of agave offoyana allowed the isolation of five steroidal saponins never described previously, magueyosides a-e (1-5), along with six known steroidal saponins (6-11). the structures of compounds were determined as (25r)-spirost-5-en-2α,3β-diol-12-one 3-o-{β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-o-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-o-β-d-galactopyranoside} (1), (25r)-spirost-5-en-2α,3β-diol-12-one 3-o-{β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-o-[β-d-xylop ...201323859261
anxiolytic property of lactuca sativa, effect on anxiety behaviour induced by novel food and height.to study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by hplc.201323768824
human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hg-csf) expression in plastids of lactuca sativa.human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hg-csf) can serve as valuable biopharmaceutical for research and treatment of the human blood cancer. transplastomic plants have been emerged as a new and high potential candidate for production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins in comparison with transgenic plants due to extremely high level expression, biosafety and many other advantages.201323748895
temporary reduction of radiation does not permanently reduce flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids in red lettuce.applying transparent daytime screens in greenhouses in cool seasons reduces the amount of energy needed for heating, but also the solar radiation available for crops. this can reduce yield and product quality of leafy vegetables because of constrained photosynthesis and altered biosynthesis. to study this, we cultivated five-week old red leaf lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) for four weeks in growth chambers under a photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) of 225 and 410 μmol m(-2) s(-1), respective ...201323735845
influence of fine process particles enriched with metals and metalloids on lactuca sativa l. leaf fatty acid composition following air and/or soil-plant field exposure.we investigate the effect of both foliar and root uptake of a mixture of metal(loid)s on the fatty acid composition of plant leaves. our objectives are to determine whether both contamination pathways have a similar effect and whether they interact. lactuca sativa l. were exposed to fine process particles enriched with metal(loid)s in an industrial area. data from a first experiment were used to conduct an exploratory statistical analysis which findings were successfully cross-validated by using ...201323694728
uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids into edible crops via land applied biosolids: field and greenhouse studies.the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) in biosolids destined for use in agriculture has raised concerns about their potential to enter the terrestrial food chain via bioaccumulation in edible plants. uptake of pfaas by greenhouse lettuce ( lactuca sativa ) and tomato ( lycopersicon lycopersicum ) grown in an industrially impacted biosolids-amended soil, a municipal biosolids-amended soil, and a control soil was measured. bioaccumulation factors (bafs) were calculated for the edible portion ...201324206563
design and synthesis of conformationally constrained analogues of cis-cinnamic acid and evaluation of their plant growth inhibitory activity.1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose is known to be one of the most potent allelochemical candidates and was isolated from spiraea thunbergii sieb by hiradate et al. (2004), who suggested that it derived its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid, which is crucial for phytotoxicity. in this study, key structural features and substituent effects of cis-cinnamic acid (cis-ca) on lettuce root growth inhibition was investigated. these structure-activity relationship studies indicated the i ...201324176527
[effects of applying pig manure on lettuce yield and nitrate content and soil nutrients].a pot experiment with two representative soils (purple soil and yellow soil) in southwest china was conducted to study the effects of applying pig manure on the lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata l. ) yield and nitrate content and the soil nutrients. applying pig manure increased the lettuce yield significantly, and the increment was higher for yellow soil than for purple soil. the nitrate and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in lettuce plants were closely related to soil ...201324175524
improving water use efficiency of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using phosphorous fertilizers.a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorous (p) fertilizers application to an alkaline calcareous soil on the water use efficiency (wue) of lettuce cultivar "robinson" of iceberg type. head fresh and dry weights, total water applied and wue were affected significantly by the p fertilizer type and rate. p fertilizers addition induced a significant enhancement in the wue and fresh and dry weights of the crop. a local phosphate rock (pr) applied directly was foun ...201324255857
potentiating effects of lactuca sativa on pentobarbital-induced sleep.traditionally, lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been recommended for its hypnotic property. the present study was planned to investigate sleep-prolonging effect of this plant. the hydro-alcoholic extract (hae) of lettuce and its water fraction (wf), ethyl acetate fraction (eaf), and n-butanol fraction (nbf) were administrated (ip) to mice 30 min before the pentobarbital injection. moreover, both in-vivo and in-vitro toxicity of the extracts were determined. the quality of hae and nbf was also evalua ...201324250615
searching the best equilibrium moisture equation for lettuce seeds using measures of curvature and bias.in the present work, we performed a discrimination analysis of the nonlinear equations used to describe sorption isotherms of the lettuce seeds. the equilibrium data were obtained by the static method using saturated salt solutions. the best model to describe the equilibrium moisture of lettuce seeds was selected using measures of curvature and bias. the obtained results showed that the copace equation was the best model in terms of nonsignificance for bias and nonlinearity measures.201324804051
degradation of diuron by phanerochaete chrysosporium: role of ligninolytic enzymes and cytochrome p450.the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated for its capacity to degrade the herbicide diuron in liquid stationary cultures. the presence of diuron increased the production of lignin peroxidase in relation to control cultures but only barely affected the production of manganese peroxidase. the herbicide at the concentration of 7 μ g/ml did not cause any reduction in the biomass production and it was almost completely removed after 10 days. concomitantly with the removal of d ...201324490150
withanolides with phytotoxic activity from two species of the genus salpichroa: s. origanifolia and s. tristis var. lehmannii.seven new withanolides, salpichrolides o-u (1-7), the known 2,3-dihydrosalpichrolide b (9), a substance not previously isolated from a natural source, and three known compounds, salpichrolide d (8), salpichrolide a (10), and salpichrolide c (11), were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of salpichroa origanifolia and s. tristis var. lehmannii. compounds 1-4 and 8 have an oxygenated d ring, while compounds 5-7 and 9-11 possess a six-membered aromatic d ring. the structures of the iso ...201324303781
[identification of lettuce leaf nitrogen level based on adaboost and hyperspectrum].in order to facilitate lettuce fertilization in an economically rational way, an intelligent method to identify lettuce leaf nitrogen levels was studied. lettuce samples of different nitrogen levels were cultivated in greenhouse with soilless cultivation method. in a particular growth period, the lettuce samples in various nitrogen levels were collected, then the fieldspech3 spectrometer was used to acquire the hyperspectral data of the cultivated lettuce leaves. as there were much noise and red ...201324611405
postharvest analysis of vitamin c and inorganic cations in lettuce by cze.in the present work, we used capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) for the analysis of vitamin c and inorganic cations (potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) in lettuce (lactuca sativa) during postharvest storage. the leaves of the creasphead lettuce samples were treated with 18 m omega water for cation analysis and, alternatively, with 3% wt/vol oxalic acid solution for ascorbic acid extraction. they were then homogenized and centrifuged, and the supernatants were introduced into the capill ...201310327371
environmental cadmium levels increase phytochelatin and glutathione in lettuce grown in a chelator-buffered nutrient solution.phytochelatins are enzymatically synthesized peptides involved in metal detoxification and have been measured in plants grown at very high cd concentrations, but few studies have examined the response of plants at lower environmentally relevant cd concentrations. using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta)-buffered nutrient medium, we have varied cd exposure and measured phytochelatin and glutathione concentrations in romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia lam. var. parris island ...201312931891
fine mapping quantitative resistances to downy mildew in lettuce revealed multiple sub-qtls with plant stage dependent effects reducing or even promoting the infection.three regions with quantitative resistance to downy mildew of non-host and wild lettuce species, lactuca saligna , disintegrate into seventeen sub-qtls with plant-stage-dependent effects, reducing or even promoting the infection. previous studies on the genetic dissection of the complete resistance of wild lettuce, lactuca saligna, to downy mildew revealed 15 introgression regions that conferred plant stage dependent quantitative resistances (qtls). three backcross inbred lines (bils), carrying ...201324037018
identification of qtls conferring resistance to downy mildew in legacy cultivars of lettuce.many cultivars of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), the most popular leafy vegetable, are susceptible to downy mildew disease caused by bremia lactucae. cultivars iceberg and grand rapids that were released in the 18th and 19th centuries, respectively, have high levels of quantitative resistance to downy mildew. we developed a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) originating from a cross between these two legacy cultivars, constructed a linkage map, and identified two qtls for resistance on ...201324096732
specific in planta recognition of two gklr proteins of the downy mildew bremia lactucae revealed in a large effector screen in lettuce.breeding lettuce (lactuca sativa) for resistance to the downy mildew pathogen bremia lactucae is mainly achieved by introgression of dominant downy mildew resistance (dm) genes. new bremia races quickly render dm genes ineffective, possibly by mutation of recognized host-translocated effectors or by suppression of effector-triggered immunity. we have previously identified 34 potential rxlr(-like) effector proteins of b. lactucae that were here tested for specific recognition within a collection ...201323883357
allelopathy is involved in the formation of pure colonies of the fern gleichenia japonica.the fern gleichenia japonica is one of the most widely distributed fern and occurs throughout east to south asia. the species often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific colonies. however, the potential mechanism for this domination has not yet been described. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that allelochemicals are involved in the formation of g. japonica colonies. an aqueous methanol extract of g. japonica inhibited the growth of seedlings of garden c ...201323286996
bioavailability of barium to plants and invertebrates in soils contaminated by barite.barium (ba) is a nonessential element to terrestrial organisms and is known to be toxic at elevated concentrations. in this study, the bioavailability and toxicity of ba in barite (baso4) contaminated soils was studied using standard test organisms (lactuca sativa l. "great lakes", eisenia fetida). contamination resulted from barite mining activities. barium concentrations in contaminated soils determined by x-ray fluorescence were in the range 0.13-29.2%. barite contaminated soils were shown to ...201323484806
antibiotic uptake by plants from manure-amended soils.antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote growth and reduce diseases. therefore, animal manure often contains antibiotics. once manure is applied to agricultural land to improve soil productivity, crops would be exposed to antibiotics which may persist in soils from a few to several hundred days. the objective of this study was to evaluate the uptake of gentamicin and streptomycin by carrot (daucus carota), lettuce (lactuca sativa) and radish (rhaphanus sativus) from manure-amend ...201323581689
microwave-enhanced uv/h2o2 degradation of an azo dye (tartrazine): optimization, colour removal, mineralization and ecotoxicity.this study optimizes two factors, ph and initial [h2o2], in the ultraviolet (uv)/h2o2/microwave (mw) process through experimental design and assesses the effect of mws on the colour removal of an azo-dye (tartrazine) solution that was favoured by an acidic ph. the estimated optimal conditions were: initial [h2o2] = 2.0 mmol l(-1) and ph = 2.6, at 30 +/- 2 degrees c. we obtained colour removals of approximately 92% in 24 min of irradiation (edl, 244.2 w), following zero order kinetics: k = (3.9 + ...201324191458
phytotoxic components produced by pathogenic fusarium against morning glory.a pathogenic isolate of fusarium, f. oxysporum f. sp. batatas o-17 (pf), causes wilt disease in leaf etiolation in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) and morning glory (ipomoea tricolor). extracts from pf cultures were screened for phytotoxic components using a growth inhibition assay with morning glory seedlings. the extracts were fractionated using differential solvent extraction and two active compounds, ergosterol and fusalanipyrone, were isolated from the less-polar fraction. growth inhibition ...201316402546
a novel substance with allelopathic activity in ginkgo biloba.ginkgo (ginkgo biloba) is one of the oldest living tree species and has been widely used in traditional medicine. leaf extracts of ginkgo, such as the standardized extract egb761, have become one of the best-selling herbal products. however, no bioactive compound directed at plants has been reported in this species. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic activity and searched for allelopathically active substances in ginkgo leaves. an aqueous methanol leaf extract inhibited the growth ...201323932539
carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc.carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ...201323146312
complete chloroplast genome sequences of mongolia medicine artemisia frigida and phylogenetic relationships with other plants.artemisia frigida willd. is an important mongolian traditional medicinal plant with pharmacological functions of stanch and detumescence. however, there is little sequence and genomic information available for artemisia frigida, which makes phylogenetic identification, evolutionary studies, and genetic improvement of its value very difficult. we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of artemisia frigida based on 454 pyrosequencing.201323460871
phytotoxicity of secondary metabolites isolated from flourensia oolepis s.f.blake.the aim of this study was to isolate the active principles of flourensia oolepis s.f.blake (asteraceae), which completely inhibited the germination of raphanus sativus seeds at 10 mg/ml. flavanone pinocembrin and sesquiterpene ilicol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. they were active both against monocot and dicot seeds. pinocembrin was the most active compound, with an ic50 (germination) value of 0.24, 3.40, 3.28, and 3.55 mm against panicum miliaceum, avena sativa, lactuca sativ ...201323847074
phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi.foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ...201323216166
characterisation, surface properties and biological activity of a biosurfactant produced from industrial waste by candida sphaerica ucp0995 for application in the petroleum industry.the development of less toxic, biodegradable, surfactants, such as biosurfactants, is a key strategy for acquiring environmentally friendly compounds. the aim of the present study was to employ an optimised medium containing 9% ground nut oil refinery residue and 9% corn steep liquor for the production of a biosurfactant by candida sphaerica. fermentation was carried out at 28 °c and 200 rpm for 144 h. biosurfactant yield was 9 g/l. the biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of the medium to ...201323006562
expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance.thermoinhibition, or failure of seeds to germinate at warm temperatures, is common in lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars. using a recombinant inbred line population developed from a lettuce cultivar (salinas) and thermotolerant lactuca serriola accession uc96us23 (uc), we previously mapped a quantitative trait locus associated with thermoinhibition of germination to a genomic region containing a gene encoding a key regulated enzyme in abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxy ...201323503626
enhanced proton translocating pyrophosphatase activity improves nitrogen use efficiency in romaine lettuce.plant nitrate (no3(-)) acquisition depends on the combined activities of root high- and low-affinity no3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. these processes are coordinated with photosynthesis and the carbon status of the plant. here, we present the characterization of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa 'conquistador') plants engineered to overexpress an intragenic gain-of-function allele of the type i proton translocating pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppas ...201323307651
copper, nickel and zinc accumulations in lettuce grown in soil amended with contaminated cattle manure vermicompost after sequential cultivations.the cu, ni and zn accumulations in leaves and roots of lettuce (lactuca sativa l) grown in soil amended with natural and contaminated cattle manure vermicompost were evaluated. the vermicompost residues containing relatively high metal concentrations used in this work were obtained from a previous experiment, in which vermicompost was applied to removing metals from electroplating wastes. sequential lettuce cultivations were conducted in pots containing the residual substrates from the first cul ...201323837328
spectrophotometric determination of cu(2+) and monitoring of hg(2+) and ni(2+) in some iranian vegetables using 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione.recently, 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione (ndtt) was synthesized in laboratory and used successfully for the spectrophotometric determination of nanogram levels of cu(2+) in aqueous solution. this reagent forms a specific red complex with cu(2+) ions after the extraction by chloroform at alkaline ph. the absorption of the complex in the uv region (313 nm) is about 8 times as strong as in the visible one (510 nm). mercury and nickel ions form yellow complexes with ndtt under the ...201324250566
lox-dependent gene expression in transgenic plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated transformation.lox sites of the cre/lox recombination system from bacteriophage p1 were analyzed for their ability to affect on transgene expression when inserted upstream from a gene coding sequence adjacent to the right border (rb) of t-dna. wild and mutated types of lox sites were tested for their effect upon bar gene expression in plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation methods. lox-mediated expression of bar gene, recognized by resistance of transgenic plants to ppt, occurr ...201323821951
qtl mapping of leafy heads by genome resequencing in the ril population of brassica rapa.leaf heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (b. rapa), and lettuce (lactuca sativa) are important vegetables that supply mineral nutrients, crude fiber and vitamins in the human diet. head size, head shape, head weight, and heading time contribute to yield and quality. in an attempt to investigate genetic basis of leafy head in chinese cabbage (b. rapa), we took advantage of recent technical advances of genome resequencing to perform quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping using 15 ...201324204591
uptake and accumulation of four ppcp/edcs in two leafy vegetables.many pharmaceutical and personal care products (ppcps) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) are present in reclaimed water, leading to concerns of human health risks from the consumption of food crops irrigated with reclaimed water. this study evaluated the potential for plant uptake and accumulation of four commonly occurring ppcp/edcs, i.e., bisphenol a (bpa), diclofenac sodium (dcl), naproxen (npx), and 4-nonylphenol (np), by lettuce (lactuca sativa) and collards (brassica oleracea) in h ...201323911624
uptake of arsenic species by turnip (brassica rapa l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) treated with roxarsone and its metabolites in chicken manure.roxarsone is an organoarsenic feed additive that can be metabolised to other higher toxic arsenic (as) species in animal manure such as arsenate, arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid and other unknown as species. the accumulation, transport and distribution of as species in turnip (brassica rapa l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) amended with roxarsone and its metabolites in chicken manure were investigated. results showed arsenite was the ...201323859781
irrigation with industrial wastewater activates antioxidant system and osmoprotectant accumulation in lettuce, turnip and tomato plants.we focused on the impact of industrial wastes on the water quality of the el-amia drain in egypt and the effect of irrigation with industrial wastewater on the growth, cell membranes, photosynthetic pigment content, the antioxidant system and selected osmoprotectants (proline, total amino nitrogen and soluble sugars) in three crop plants: turnip, tomato and lettuce. furthermore, the present work focused on the analysis of the heavy metal content and its accumulation in the studied plants. for th ...201323790475
chemical compositions, phytotoxicity, and biological activities of acorus calamus essential oils from nepal.four essential oils from the leaf (p23) and rhizomes (p19, p22, p24) of acorus calamus l., collected from various parts of nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. from a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. all of the essential oils were dominated by (z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). the essential oils also contained (e)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamm ...201324079199
phytotoxic activity and metabolism of botrytis cinerea and structure-activity relationships of isocaryolane derivatives.research has been conducted on the biotransformation of (8s,9r)-isocaryolan-9-ol (4a) and (1s,2s,5r,8s)-8-methylene-1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,5)]undecan-12-ol (5a) by the fungal phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. the biotransformation of compound 4a yielded compounds 6-9, while the biotransformation of compound 5a yielded compounds 10-13. the activity of compounds 4a and 5a against b. cinerea has been evaluated. (8r,9r)-isocaryolane-8,9-diol (6), a major metabolite of compound 4a, shows act ...201323730968
rnaseq-based transcriptome analysis of lactuca sativa infected by the fungal necrotroph botrytis cinerea.the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea establishes a necrotrophic interaction with its host plants, including lettuce (lactuca sativa), causing it to wilt, collapse and eventually dry up and die, which results in serious economic losses. global expression profiling using rnaseq and the newly sequenced lettuce genome identified a complex network of genes involved in the lettuce-b. cinerea interaction. the observed high number of differentially expressed genes allowed us to classify them according t ...201323534608
production and characterization of cyanocobalamin-enriched lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown using hydroponics.when lettuces (lactuca sativa l.) grown for 30 days in hydroponic culture were treated with various concentrations of cyanocobalamin for 24 h, its content in their leaves increased significantly from nondetectable to 164.6 ± 74.7 ng/g fresh weight. this finding indicated that consumption of only two or three of these fresh leaves is sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowance for adults of 2.4 μg/day. analyses using a cobalamin-dependent escherichia coli 215 bioautogram and lc/esi-ms/ms ...201323578327
potential allelopathic indole diketopiperazines produced by the plant endophytic aspergillus fumigatus using the one strain-many compounds method.on the basis of the osmac (one strain-many compounds) strategy, 14 indole diketopiperazine (dkp) alkaloids, including spirotryprostatins (1-3), tryprostatins (4-6), and cyclotryprostatins (7-14), were isolated from the endophyte aspergillus fumigatus associated with melia azedarach l. their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. all the indole dkps were evaluated for plant growth regulation using the lettuce (lactuca sativa) s ...201324188331
escherichia coli o157:h7 induces stronger plant immunity than salmonella enterica typhimurium sl1344.consumption of fresh produce contaminated with bacterial human pathogens has resulted in various, sometimes deadly, disease outbreaks. in this study, we assessed plant defense responses induced by the fully pathogenic bacteria escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344 in both arabidopsis thaliana and lettuce (lactuca sativa). unlike sl1344, o157:h7 induced strong plant immunity at both pre-invasion and post-invasion steps of infection. for instance, o157:h7 trig ...201323301812
[comparative analysis of parasite detection methods in vegetables for human consumption].vegetable contamination is a persistent health problem. the different methods of processing and diagnosis make it difficult to determine the most effective and sensitive technique.201323431633
growth potential of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat lettuce and collard greens packaged under modified atmosphere and in perforated film.this study was aimed at determining the effects of different storage scenarios on the growth potential of salmonella strains and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (rte) mixes of iceberg and crisp lettuces (lactuca sativa) and collard greens (brassica oleracea). vegetables were submitted to minimal processing, experimentally contaminated to achieve 10(1) and 10(2) cfu/g, packed under modified atmosphere and in perforated film, and submitted to the following storage scenarios: i = 100 % of th ...201323643135
polycyclic aromatic compounds (pac) in leaf lettuce.twenty-three samples of leaf lettuce (lactuca sativa var. crispa) cultivated in private gardens in southern finland were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and derivatives. the total pah concentrations varied from 4.8 to 94 micrograms/kg fresh weight. nitro derivatives of pah were detected in only five samples. one lettuce sample was also analyzed for pah oxy-derivatives. 9h-fluoren-9-one (1.3 microgram/kg) and 6 h-benzo[cd]pyren-6-one (0.3 microgram/kg) were found. the profiles ...20133765856
anxiolytic property of hydro-alcohol extract of lactuca sativa and its effect on behavioral activities of mice.lactuca sativa, belonging to the asteraceae family, is a leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. this study aimed to understand the mechanism of lactuca sativa extract with respect to pharmacological action.we investigated the anxiolytic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of lactuca sativa on mice. the behavioral tests performed on mice models to assess anti-anxiety properties were: open field test (oft), elevated plus maze test (epm), elevated t maze test, and marble buryi ...201223554792
[antiviral activity of extracts of transgenic cichory and lettuce plants with the human interferon alpha-2b gene].biological activity of protein extracts from transgenic plants of chicory cichorium intybus l. and lettuce lactuca sativa l. with human interferon alpha2b gene was investigated against vesicular stomatitis virus. it was shown that the extracts from the hairy roots of chicory and lettuce transformed by a. rhizogenes possess the antiviral activity 1620...5400 iu/g weight, and the extracts from leaves of the plants transformed by a. tumefaciens--till 9375 iu/g weight. dependence of plant extract bi ...201223342646
isolation, molecular properties and kinetic studies of a strict beta-fucosidase from lactuca sativa latex. its possible role in the cell-wall degradation of articulated laticifers.a beta-fucosidase located in the latex serum of lactuca sativa has been isolated and purified to homogeneity. this enzyme greatly differs from the other fucosidases already known in that it is strictly specific for the fucosyl residue and for the anomeric beta carbon. it is the first time that such an enzyme is shown to exist. the enzyme is a monomer and its molecular mass is close to 37 kda. its sedimentation constant is equal to 2.8 s. it is very stable at ph 5.5 in citrate/phosphate buffer bu ...20123409886
efficacy of household washing treatments for the control of listeria monocytogenes on salad vegetables.the efficacy of household decontamination methods at reducing listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce (lactuca sativa), cucumber (cucumis sativus) and parsley (petroselinum sativum) was studied. inoculated vegetable pieces were immersed in washing solutions and surviving l. monocytogenes enumerated. parameters investigated were storage temperature prior to washing, dipping water temperature, agitation, acetic acid concentration and immersion time. the results indicated that the storage temperatu ...201223107504
antiprotozoal and antimicrobial compounds from the plant pathogen septoria pistaciarum.four new 1,4-dihydroxy-5-phenyl-2-pyridinone alkaloids, 17-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (1), 17-acetoxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (2), 13-(s)-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (3), and 13-(r)-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (4), together with the known compounds (+)-cercosporin (5), (+)-14-o-acetylcercosporin (6), (+)-di-o-acetylcercosporin (7), lumichrome, and brassicasterol, were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture medium of septoria pistaciarum. methylation of s ...201222530813
bioassay-directed isolation and identification of phytotoxic and fungitoxic acetylenes from conyza canadensis.conyza canadensis (l.) cronquist syn. (horseweed) is a problematic and invasive weed with reported allelopathic properties. to identify the phytotoxic constituents of the aerial parts, a systematic bioactivity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed. three active enyne derivatives, (2z,8z)-matricaria acid methyl ester, (4z,8z)-matricaria lactone, and (4z)-lachnophyllum lactone, were identified. the lactones inhibited growth of the monocot agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass ...201222612410
a bacterial-fungal metaproteomic analysis enlightens an intriguing multicomponent interaction in the rhizosphere of lactuca sativa.fusarium oxysporum msa 35 [wild-type (wt) strain] is an antagonistic isolate that protects plants against pathogenic fusaria. this strain lives in association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. when cured of the prokaryotic symbionts [cured (cu) form], the fungus is pathogenic, causing wilt symptoms similar to those of f. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae. the aim of this study was to understand if and how the host plant lactuca sativa contributes to the expression of the antagonistic/pathogenic behaviors of m ...201222360353
interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection.host resistance and parasite virulence are influenced by multiple interacting factors in complex natural communities. yet, these interactive effects are seldom studied concurrently, resulting in poor understanding of host-pathogen-environment dynamics. here, we investigated how the level of opportunist pathogen virulence, strength of host immunity and the host condition manipulated via diet affect the survival of wood tiger moth parasemia plantaginis (arctidae). larvae from "low cuticular melani ...201223139892
biotransformation of benzonitrile herbicides via the nitrile hydratase-amidase pathway in rhodococci.the aim of this work was to determine the ability of rhodococci to transform 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (chloroxynil), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil) and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); to identify the products and determine their acute toxicities. rhodococcus erythropolis a4 and rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34 converted benzonitrile herbicides into amides, but only the former strain was able to hydrolyze 2,6-dichlorobenza ...201222922990
aerobic degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by an indigenous strain isolated from a polluted river.an indigenous strain of pseudomonas putida capable of degrading 3-chlorobenzoic acid as the sole carbon source was isolated from the riachuelo, a polluted river in buenos aires. aerobic biodegradation assays were performed using a 2-l microfermentor. biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. detoxification was evaluated by using vibrio fischeri, pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and lactuca sativa as test organisms. the indigenous ...201222805844
[features of lettuce transgenic plants with ifn-alpha2b gene regenerated after agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation]."hairy" roots of lettuce lactuca sativa and regenerated plants with interferon-alpha2b gene had been obtained via agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. according to the results of pcr and rt-pcr analyses the studied plants had ifn-alpha2b gene. the regenerated plants differed from the plants of wild type by elongated internodes, early flower-bearing stem formation and purple coloration of leaves in artificial illumination conditions.201222856143
solar disinfection of wastewater to reduce contamination of lettuce crops by escherichia coli in reclaimed water irrigation.low-cost disinfection methods to allow safe use of recycled wastewater for irrigation can have important beneficial implications in the developing world. this study aims to assess the efficiency of solar disinfection to reduce microbial contamination of lettuce crops when solar-treated wastewater effluents are used for irrigation. the irrigation study was designed as a complete experimental loop, including (i) the production of irrigation water through solar disinfection of real municipal wastew ...201222981489
bioactivities of volatile components from nepalese artemisia species.the essential oils from the leaves of artemisia dubia, a. indica, and a. vulgaris growing wild in nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. the major components in a. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). a. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). the essential oil of nepalese a. vulgaris was rich in alpha-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%) ...201223413575
chemical compositions and biological activities of amomum subulatum essential oils from nepal.the essential oils from the seed and rind of amomum subulatum roxb. (collected from nepal) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. a total of 87 components were identified among the two essential oils accounting for 99.1%, and 99.0% of the oils, respectively. the two essential oils were dominated by the monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole (60.8% and 39.0%), alpha-pinene (6.4% and 4.8%), beta-pinene (8.3% and 17.7%), and alpha-terpineol (9.8% and 12.3%). allelopathic testing of the seed ...201223074918
the newly isolated endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium sp. lk1 produces ascotoxin.we have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of capsicum annuum, cucumis sativus and glycine max. the culture filtrates (cf) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (waito-c) and normal rice (dongjin-byeo). endophyte cac-1a significantly inhibited the growth of waito-c and dongjin-byeo. endophyte cac-1a was identified as paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the its rdna region and phylogenetic analysis. the ethyl acetate fraction of paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germi ...201222267195
seed storage at elevated partial pressure of oxygen, a fast method for analysing seed ageing under dry conditions.despite differences in physiology between dry and relative moist seeds, seed ageing tests most often use a temperature and seed moisture level that are higher than during dry storage used in commercial practice and gene banks. this study aimed to test whether seed ageing under dry conditions can be accelerated by storing under high-pressure oxygen. methods: dry barley (hordeum vulgare), cabbage (brassica oleracea), lettuce (lactuca sativa) and soybean (glycine max) seeds were stored between 2 an ...201222967856
composting of waste paint sludge containing melamine resin and the compost's effect on vegetable growth and soil water quality.melamine resin (mr) is introduced to the environment from many industrial effluents, including waste paint sludge (wps) from the automobile industry. melamine resin contains a high nitrogen (n) content and is a potential n source during composting. in this study, two carbon sources, waste paper (wp) and plant residue (pr), were used to study their effects on composting of wps. additional work tested the wps-composts effects on plant growth and soil water quality. after 84 days of composting, 85% ...201223127275
effects of soil dilution and amendments (mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar) on pb availability and phytotoxicity in military shooting range soil.bioavailability and bioaccessibility determine the level of metal toxicity in the soils. inorganic soil amendments may decrease metal bioavailability and enhance soil quality. this study used mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar to reduce lead (pb) toxicity in the highly contaminated military shooting range soil in korea. water-soluble and 1-m ammonium nitrate extractions, and a modified physiologically based extraction test (pbet) were performed to determine pb bioavailability and bioaccessibili ...201222266035
effect of differential n and s competition in inter- and sole cropping of brassica species and lettuce on glucosinolate concentration.field and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential to use intercropping as an alternative method to increase glucosinolates in brassicas by manipulating nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s) balance by intercropping with lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata). in both experiments, four combinations of n and s fertilization were used. in the field experiment no effect of intercropping on the total glucosinolate concentration was found as the growing lettuce was strongly inhibi ...201222577876
phytotoxic furanocoumarins from the shoots of semenovia transiliensis.discovery of novel, natural herbicides has become important to manage increasing weed resistance to synthetic herbicides and environmental issues. the systematic bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the shoots of semenovia transiliensis led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds. lactuca sativa l. (lettuce, a dicot) and agrostis stolonifera l. (bentgrass, a monocot) bioassays were used to identify and isolate the phytotoxic fracti ...201223157001
copper phytotoxicity in native and agronomical plant species.copper (cu) is a widespread soil contaminant that is known to be highly toxic to soil biota. limited information is available on the response of wild endemic species to cu in the literature, which hinders ecological risk assessments and revegetation. in the present study, the phytotoxicity of cu in nutrient solution was studied in five australian endemic plant species (acacia decurrens, austrodanthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass), bothriochloa macra (redgrass), eucalyptus camaldulensis var. cam ...201222995781
uptake of organic emergent contaminants in spath and lettuce: an in vitro experiment.although a myriad of organic microcontaminants may occur in irrigation waters, little attention has been paid to their incorporation in crops. in this work, a systematic approach to assess the final fate of both ionizable and neutral organic contaminants taken up by plants is described. in vitro uptake of triclosan (tcs), hydrocinnamic acid (hca), tonalide (ton), ibuprofen (ibf), naproxen (npx), and clofibric acid (cfa) were studied in lettuce ( lactuca sativa l) and spath ( spathiphyllum spp.) ...201222293031
toxicological evaluation of vegetable oils and biodiesel in soil during the biodegradation process.vegetable oils and their derivatives, like biodiesel, are used extensively throughout the world, thus posing an environmental risk when disposed. toxicity testing using test organisms shows how these residues affect ecosystems. toxicity tests using earthworms (eisenia foetida) are widespread because they are a practical resource for analyzing terrestrial organisms. for phytotoxicological analysis, we used seeds of arugula (eruca sativa) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) to analyze the germination of ...201224031989
bioaccumulation of microcystins in lettuce.the contamination of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) by water-borne crude extracts of the cyanobacterium microcystin-producing microcystis aeruginosa (kützing) kützing was investigated. the aim of the study was to determine whether bioaccumulation of microcystins occurs in lettuce foliar tissue when sprayed with solutions containing microcystins at concentrations observed in aquatic systems (0.62 to 12.5 μg · l(-1) ). microcystins were found in lettuce foliar tissues (8.31 to 177.8 μg per kg of fres ...201227010003
phytotoxic action mechanism of hapalocyclamide in lettuce seedlings.hapalocyclamide (cyclo-thiazole-l-alanine-oxazole-d-alanine-d-thiazoline-d-phenylalanine), a hexapeptide phytotoxic compound, was isolated from the terrestrial cyanobacterium hapalosiphon sp. the phytotoxic action of the compound was investigated in lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. great lakes no. 366) by determining its effects on several physiological processes. hapalocyclamide effectively inhibited mitosis process in root tips, which resulted in the suppression of primary root growth of lettuce ...201222771432
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