Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| establishment of an agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. | the infectious full-length cdna clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) isolates kw and kom, which were isolated from watermelon and oriental melon, respectively, were constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we successfully inoculated nicotiana benthamiana with the cloned cgmmv isolates kw and kom by agrobacterium-mediated infiltration. virulence and symptomatic characteristics of the cloned cgmmv isolates kw and kom were tested on several indicat ... | 2015 | 26674677 |
| overexpression of a phytophthora cytoplasmic crn effector confers resistance to disease, salinity and drought in nicotiana benthamiana. | the crinkler (crn) effector family is produced by oomycete pathogens and may manipulate host physiological and biochemical events inside host cells. here, pscrn161 was identified from phytophthora sojae based on its broad and strong cell death suppression activities. the effector protein contains two predicted nuclear localization signals and localized to nuclei of plant cells, indicating that it may target plant nuclei to modify host cell physiology and function. the chimeric gene gfp:pscrn161 ... | 2015 | 26546319 |
| functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran virus/cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite rna silencing suppressors. | in south asia, cotton leaf curl disease (clcud) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically-related begomovirus species and a specific betasatellite, cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub). the post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) suppression activities of the transcriptional activator protein (trap), c4, v2 and βc1 proteins encoded by cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (clcukov)/clcumub were assessed in nicotiana benthamiana. a variable degree of local silencing suppression was observ ... | 2015 | 26512705 |
| complete genome sequence and construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of tobacco ringspot nepovirus, a viral pathogen causing bud blight in soybean. | tobacco ringspot virus (trsv, genus nepovirus), causes severe diseases in soybean and tobacco plants. trsv-induced bud blight disease significantly reduced both the yield and quality of soybeans. the function of the encoded viral gene product involved in trsv infection was unclear due to the limitation of reverse genetics studies on the viral genome. here, we represent the successful construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of trsv genome (rna1 and rna2). the cdnas of trsv rna1 and rna ... | 2015 | 26159876 |
| mutations within a 35 amino acid region of p6 influence self-association, inclusion body formation, and caulimovirus infectivity. | cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi product (p6) is an essential protein that forms cytoplasmic, inclusion bodies (ibs). p6 contains four regions involved in self-association, termed d1-d4. d3 binds to d1, along with d4 and contains a spacer region (termed d3b) between two rna-binding domains. here we show d3b binds full-length p6 along with d1 and d4. full-length p6s harboring single amino acid substitutions within d3b showed reduced binding to both d1 and d4. full-length p6s containing d3b mutati ... | 2015 | 25506670 |
| development of three full-length infectious cdna clones of distinct brassica yellows virus genotypes for agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. | brassica yellows virus is a newly identified species in the genus of polerovirus within the family luteoviridae. brassica yellows virus (bryv) is prevalently distributed throughout mainland china and south korea, is an important virus infecting cruciferous crops. based on six bryv genomic sequences of isolates from oilseed rape, rutabaga, radish, and cabbage, three genotypes, bryv-a, bryv-b, and bryv-c, exist, which mainly differ in the 5' terminal half of the genome. bryv is an aphid-transmitte ... | 2015 | 25499296 |
| rnai mediated broad-spectrum transgenic resistance in nicotiana benthamiana to chilli-infecting begomoviruses. | two rnai constructs were designed targeting chilli-infecting begomoviruses and associated betasatellites. broad-spectrum resistance was achieved against multiple begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of chillies in india. chilli leaf curl disease (chilcd) caused by begomoviruses (family: geminiviridae) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of chilli, especially in the indian sub-continent. the severity of disease incidence is expanding at an alarming rate due to the ... | 2015 | 25916177 |
| complete genome sequence of nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus reveals its relationship to the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) subgroup of potyviruses. | complete genome sequences were obtained from nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus (caysv). caysv belongs to the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) subgroup of potyviruses with johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv) as its closest relative. multiple sequence alignments showed a pattern of amino acid substitutions in the cp sequences, which enabled us to relate these isolates to south east asian or european isolates. biological characterization of caysv identified nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium qui ... | 2015 | 25567205 |
| three gene products of a begomovirus-betasatellite complex restore expression of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein transgene in nicotiana benthamiana. | single-stranded dna geminiviruses replicate via double-stranded dna intermediates forming mini-chromosomes that are targets for transcriptional gene silencing (tgs) in plants. the ability of the cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (clcukov)-cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub) proteins, replication-associated protein (rep), transcriptional activator protein (trap), c4, v2 and βc1, to suppress tgs was investigated by using the nicotiana benthamiana line 16-tgs (16-tgs) harbouring a transcri ... | 2015 | 25537949 |
| high temperature, high ambient co₂ affect the interactions between three positive-sense rna viruses and a compatible host differentially, but not their silencing suppression efficiencies. | we compared infection of nicotiana benthamiana plants by the positive-sense rna viruses cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), potato virus y (pvy), and by a potato virus x (pvx) vector, the latter either unaltered or expressing the cmv 2b protein or the pvy hcpro suppressors of silencing, at 25°c vs. 30°c, or at standard (~401 parts per million, ppm) vs. elevated (970 ppm) co2 levels. we also assessed the activities of their suppressors of silencing under those conditions. we found that at 30°c, accumula ... | 2015 | 26313753 |
| visual monitoring of cucumber mosaic virus infection in nicotiana benthamiana following transmission by the aphid vector myzus persicae. | the single-stranded, positive-sense and tripartite rna virus cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) was used in this study as a method for monitoring the initial stages of virus infection following aphid transmission. the rna2 of cmv was modified to incorporate, in a variety of arrangements, an open reading frame (orf) encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the phenotypes of five engineered rna2s were tested in nicotiana tabacum, nicotiana clevelandii and nicotiana benthamiana. only one con ... | 2015 | 25979730 |
| satellite rnas interfere with the function of viral rna silencing suppressors. | viral satellite rnas (satrnas) are small subviral rnas and depend on the helper virus for replication and spread. satrnas can attenuate helper virus-induced symptoms, the mechanism of which remains unclear. here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors of rna silencing (vsrs), cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) 2b and tombusvirus p19, suppress hairpin rna (hprna)-induced silencing of a β-glucuronidase (gus) gene in nicotiana benthamiana. this suppression can be overcome by cmv y-satellite rna (y-sat ... | 2015 | 25964791 |
| heterologous replicase driven 3' end repair of cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna. | to investigate the extent of the 3' end repair in a satellite rna of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) strain q (q(sat)) by a heterologous tomato aspermy virus (tav), a set of biologically active agrotransformants corresponding to the three genomic rnas of tav was developed. analysis of nicotiana benthamiana plants agroinfiltrated with tav and either wild type or each of the six 3' deletion mutants of q(sat) revealed that (i) heterologous replicase failed to generate q(sat) multimers, a hallmark featu ... | 2015 | 25705791 |
| a single amino acid at n-terminal region of the 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus strain m1 has a pivotal role in virus attenuation. | host responses to infection by a mild strain of cucumber mosaic virus, termed cmv-m1, were re-examined in several plant species in comparison with those by a severe strain cmv-y. mild systemic symptoms were developed on the six plant species inoculated with cmv-m1. virus titer in the nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with cmv-m1 was significantly lower than those infected with cmv-y, although infection by cmv-m1 interfered with further infection by cmv-y in the plants. subsequently, the atte ... | 2015 | 25541532 |
| characterisation and diagnosis of frangipani mosaic virus from india. | frangipani mosaic virus (frmv) is known to infect frangipani tree (plumeria rubra f. acutifolia) in india but the virus has not been characterized at genomic level and diagnosis is not available. in the present study, an isolate of frmv (frmv-ind-1) showing greenish mosaic and vein-banding symptoms in p. rubra f. acutifolia in new delhi was characterized based on host reactions, serology and genome sequence. the virus isolate induced local symptoms on several new experimental host species: capsi ... | 2015 | 26239043 |
| additional diterpenes from physcomitrella patens synthesized by copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase (ppcps/ks). | the bifunctional diterpene synthase, copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase from the moss physcomitrella patens (ppcps/ks), catalyses the formation of at least four diterpenes, including ent-beyerene, ent-sandaracopimaradiene, ent-kaur-16-ene, and 16-hydroxy-ent-kaurene. the enzymatic activity has been confirmed through generation of a targeted ppcps/ks knock-out mutant in p. patens via homologous recombination, through transient expression of ppcps/ks in nicotiana benthamiana, and expression of p ... | 2015 | 26248039 |
| towards elucidating carnosic acid biosynthesis in lamiaceae: functional characterization of the three first steps of the pathway in salvia fruticosa and rosmarinus officinalis. | carnosic acid (ca) is a phenolic diterpene with anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, antibacterial and neuroprotective properties that is produced by a number of species from several genera of the lamiaceae family, including salvia fruticosa (cretan sage) and rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). to elucidate ca biosynthesis, glandular trichome transcriptome data of s. fruticosa were mined for terpene synthase genes. two putative diterpene synthase genes, namely sfcps and sfksl, showing similarities to copa ... | 2015 | 26020634 |
| construction of an infectious clone of a plant rna virus in a binary vector using one-step gibson assembly. | the construction of full-length infectious clones of rna viruses is often laborious due to the many cloning steps required and the dna exclusion within the plasmid during escherichia coli transformation. we demonstrate single-step cloning procedure of an infectious cdna of the tomato blistering mosaic virus (tobmv) using gibson assembly (ga), which drastically reduces the number of cloning steps. by agro-inoculation with the construct obtained by this procedure, tobmv was recovered six days post ... | 2015 | 25986144 |
| [[expression of house dust mite allergens der f1 and der f2 in nicotiana benthamiana leaves]. | the class e immunoglobulins (ige) is known to recognize conformational epitopes and therefore the native conformation of recombinant allergens is essential for their using in test-systems. recombinant dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite (hdm) allergens der f1 and der f2 were expressed in bacteria escherichia coli and nicotiana benthamiana plants. it has been shown that ige in sera from children allergic to hdm recognizes der f2 expressed both in e. coli and n. benthamiana. mature form of de ... | 2015 | 25898757 |
| analysis of globodera rostochiensis effectors reveals conserved functions of sprysec proteins in suppressing and eliciting plant immune responses. | potato cyst nematodes (pcns), including globodera rostochiensis (woll.), are important pests of potato. plant parasitic nematodes produce multiple effector proteins, secreted from their stylets, to successfully infect their hosts. these include proteins delivered to the apoplast and to the host cytoplasm. a number of effectors from g. rostochiensis predicted to be delivered to the host cytoplasm have been identified, including several belonging to the secreted spry domain (sprysec) family. sprys ... | 2015 | 26322064 |
| subcellular localization and membrane association of the replicase protein of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, family betaflexiviridae. | as a member of the newly established betaflexiviridae family, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav) has an rna genome containing five orfs. orf1 encodes a putative replicase polyprotein typical of the alphavirus superfamily of positive-strand ssrna viruses. several viruses of this superfamily have been demonstrated to replicate in structures designated viral replication complexes associated with intracellular membranes. however, structure and cellular localization of the rep ... | 2015 | 25502653 |
| production of h5n1 influenza virus matrix protein 2 ectodomain protein bodies in tobacco plants and in insect cells as a candidate universal influenza vaccine. | the spread of influenza a viruses is partially controlled and prevented by vaccination. the matrix protein 2 ectodomain (m2e) is the most conserved sequence in influenza a viruses, and is therefore a good potential target for a vaccine to protect against multiple virus subtypes. we explored the feasibility of an m2e-based universal influenza a vaccine candidate based on the highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus, h5n1. a synthetic m2e gene was human- and plant-codon optimized and fused in-fra ... | 2015 | 26697423 |
| generation and characterization of a trackable plant-made influenza h5 virus-like particle (vlp) containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). | medicago, inc. has developed an efficient virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine production platform using the nicotiana benthamiana expression system, and currently has influenza-based products targeting seasonal/pandemic hemagglutinin (ha) proteins in advanced clinical trials. we wished to generate a trackable ha-based vlp that would allow us to study both particle assembly in plants and vlp interactions within the mammalian immune system. to this end, a fusion protein was designed, composed of h5 ... | 2015 | 26038124 |
| immunogenicity of h1n1 influenza virus-like particles produced in nicotiana benthamiana. | the h1n1 influenza pandemic of 2009 stimulated interest in developing safe and effective subunit influenza vaccines using rapid and cost-effective recombinant technologies that can avoid dependence on hens' eggs supply and live viruses for production. among alternative approaches to subunit vaccine development, virus-like particles (vlps) represent an attractive strategy due to their safety and immunogenicity. previously, we have produced a recombinant monomeric hemagglutinin (ha) protein derive ... | 2015 | 25483524 |
| isolation, production and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies directed to plasmodium falciparum msp10. | semi-immunity against the malaria parasite is defined by a protection against clinical episodes of malaria and is partially mediated by a repertoire of inhibitory antibodies directed against the blood stage of plasmodium falciparum, in particular against surface proteins of merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite. such antibodies may be used for preventive or therapeutic treatment of p. falciparum malaria. here, the isolation and characterization of novel human monoclonal antibodies (humab ... | 2015 | 26174014 |
| glycan modulation and sulfoengineering of anti-hiv-1 monoclonal antibody pg9 in plants. | broadly neutralizing anti-hiv-1 monoclonal antibodies, such as pg9, and its derivative rsh hold great promise in aids therapy and prevention. an important feature related to the exceptional efficacy of pg9 and rsh is the presence of sulfated tyrosine residues in their antigen-binding regions. to maximize antibody functionalities, we have now produced glycan-optimized, fucose-free versions of pg9 and rsh in nicotiana benthamiana. both antibodies were efficiently sulfated in planta on coexpression ... | 2015 | 26417081 |
| plant-derived h7 vlp vaccine elicits protective immune response against h7n9 influenza virus in mice and ferrets. | in march 2013, the chinese centre for disease control and prevention confirmed the first reported case of human infection with an avian influenza a h7n9 virus. infection with this virus often caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting in a case fatality rate >35%. the risk of pandemic highlighted, once again, the need for a more rapid and scalable vaccine response capability. here, we describe the rapid (19 days) development of a plant-derived vlp vaccine based on ... | 2015 | 26432915 |
| gbnv encoded movement protein (nsm) remodels er network via c-terminal coiled coil domain. | plant viruses exploit the host machinery for targeting the viral genome-movement protein complex to plasmodesmata (pd). the mechanism by which the non-structural protein m (nsm) of groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv) is targeted to pd was investigated using agrobacterium mediated transient expression of nsm and its fusion proteins in nicotiana benthamiana. gfp:nsm formed punctuate structures that colocalized with mcherry:plasmodesmata localized protein 1a (pdlp 1a) confirming that gbnv nsm local ... | 2015 | 25863878 |
| analysis of tospovirus nss proteins in suppression of systemic silencing. | rna silencing is a sequence-specific gene regulation mechanism that in plants also acts antiviral. in order to counteract antiviral rna silencing, viruses have evolved rna silencing suppressors (rss). in the case of tospoviruses, the non-structural nss protein has been identified as the rss. although the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) tospovirus nss protein has been shown to exhibit affinity to long and small dsrna molecules, its ability to suppress the non-cell autonomous part of rna silencin ... | 2015 | 26275304 |
| rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. | the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ... | 2015 | 26022390 |
| cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein shows rna silencing suppressor activity in plants, but not in insect cells. | rna silencing in plants and insects provides an antiviral defense and as a countermeasure most viruses encode rna silencing suppressors (rss). for the family rhabdoviridae, no detailed functional rss studies have been reported in plant hosts and insect vectors. in agroinfiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves we show for the first time for a cytorhabdovirus, lettuce necrotic yellows virus (lnyv), that one of the nucleocapsid core proteins, phosphoprotein (p) has relatively weak local rss activity ... | 2015 | 25591176 |
| mutations in the alpha-helical region of the amino terminus of the maize rayado fino virus capsid protein and cp:rna ratios affect virus-like particle encapsidation of rnas. | viral-based nanoplatforms rely on balancing the delicate array of virus properties to optimally achieve encapsidation of foreign materials with various potential objectives. we investigated the use of maize rayado fino virus (mrfv)-virus-like particles (vlps) as a multifunctional nanoplatform and their potential application as protein cages. mrfv-vlps are composed of two serologically related, carboxy co-terminal coat proteins (cp1 and cp2) which are capable of self-assembling in nicotiana benth ... | 2015 | 25102332 |
| disruption of prefoldin-2 protein synthesis in root-knot nematodes via host-mediated gene silencing efficiently reduces nematode numbers and thus protects plants. | the aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of down-regulating endogeneous prefoldin-2 root-knot nematode transcripts by expressing dsrna with sequence identity to the nematode gene in tobacco roots under the influence of strong arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq1) promoter. root-knot nematodes (rkns) are sedentary endoparasites infecting a wide range of plant species. they parasitise the root system, thereby disrupting water and nutrient uptake and causing major reductions in crop yields. t ... | 2015 | 25491640 |
| effect of temperature on the pathogenesis, accumulation of viral and satellite rnas and on plant proteome in peanut stunt virus and satellite rna-infected plants. | temperature is an important environmental factor influencing plant development in natural and diseased conditions. the growth rate of plants grown at c27°c is more rapid than for plants grown at 21°c. thus, temperature affects the rate of pathogenesis progression in individual plants. we have analyzed the effect of temperature conditions (either 21°c or 27°c during the day) on the accumulation rate of the virus and satellite rna (satrna) in nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by peanut stunt v ... | 2015 | 26579153 |
| application of an integrated omics approach for identifying host proteins that interact with odontoglossum ringspot virus capsid protein. | the glutamic acid at position 100 (e(100)) in the capsid protein (cp) of odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv) plays an important role in long-distance viral movement in nicotiana benthamiana. the orsv(e100a) mutant, which has a glutamic acid to alanine substitution, shows a loss of systemic infectivity in n. benthamiana. transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography assays showed that e(100) is essential for cp-cp interaction and viral particle assembly. to identify the orsv ... | 2015 | 25625820 |
| functional characterization of cucumis metuliferus proteinase inhibitor gene (cmspi) in potyviruses resistance. | proteinase inhibitors are ubiquitous proteins that block the active center or interact allosterically with proteinases and are involved in plant physiological processes and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the cmspi gene identified from cucumis metuliferus encodes a serine type pi (8 kda) that belongs to potato i type family. to evaluate the effect of silencing cmspi gene on papaya ringspot virus resistance, rna interference (rnai) with an inter-space hairpin rna (ihprna) constr ... | 2015 | 26184285 |
| nucleotide sequence-homology-independent breakdown of transgenic resistance by more virulent virus strains and a potential solution. | controlling plant viruses by genetic engineering, including the globally important papaya ringspot virus (prsv), mainly involves coat protein (cp) gene mediated resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). however, the breakdown of single- or double-virus resistance in cp-gene-transgenic papaya by more virulent prsv strains has been noted in repeated field trials. recombination analysis revealed that the gene silencing suppressor hc-pro or cp of the virulent prsv strain 5-19 is res ... | 2015 | 25913508 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine. | over 400 million people living in the world's poorest developing nations are infected with hookworms, mostly of the genus necator americanus. a bivalent human hookworm vaccine composed of the necator americanus glutathione s-transferase-1 (na-gst-1) and the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) is currently under development by the sabin vaccine institute product development partnership (sabin pdp). both monovalent vaccines are currently in phase 1 trials. both na-gst-1 and na- ... | 2015 | 25905574 |
| the ac5 protein encoded by mungbean yellow mosaic india virus is a pathogenicity determinant that suppresses rna silencing-based antiviral defenses. | it is generally accepted that begomoviruses in the family geminiviridae encode four proteins (from ac1/c1 to ac4/c4) using the complementary-sense dna as template. although ac5/c5 coding sequences are increasingly annotated in databases for many begomoviruses, the evolutionary relationships and functions of this putative protein in viral infection are obscure. here, we demonstrate several important functions of the ac5 protein of a bipartite begomovirus, mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv ... | 2015 | 26010321 |
| plant expression and characterization of the transmission-blocking vaccine candidate pfgap50. | despite the limited success after decades of intensive research and development efforts, vaccination still represents the most promising strategy to significantly reduce the disease burden in malaria endemic regions. besides the ultimate goal of inducing sterile protection in vaccinated individuals, the prevention of transmission by so-called transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) is being regarded as an important feature of an efficient malaria eradication strategy. recently, plasmodium falcipar ... | 2015 | 26625934 |
| heat-precipitation allows the efficient purification of a functional plant-derived malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate fusion protein. | malaria is a vector-borne disease affecting more than two million people and accounting for more than 600,000 deaths each year, especially in developing countries. the most serious form of malaria is caused by plasmodium falciparum. the complex life cycle of this parasite, involving pre-erythrocytic, asexual and sexual stages, makes vaccine development cumbersome but also offers a broad spectrum of vaccine candidates targeting exactly those stages. vaccines targeting the sexual stage of p. falci ... | 2015 | 25615702 |
| detailed functional characterization of glycosylated and nonglycosylated variants of malaria vaccine candidate pfama1 produced in nicotiana benthamiana and analysis of growth inhibitory responses in rabbits. | one of the most promising malaria vaccine candidate antigens is the plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (pfama1). several studies have shown that this blood-stage antigen can induce strong parasite growth inhibitory antibody responses. pfama1 contains up to six recognition sites for n-linked glycosylation, a post-translational modification that is absent in p. falciparum. to prevent any potential negative impact of n-glycosylation, the recognition sites have been knocked out in most ... | 2015 | 25236489 |
| molecular characterization of pvr9 that confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (a potyvirus) in nicotiana benthamiana. | there are some r genes against potyviruses which were mapped in pepper. however, none of them has been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we characterized pvr9 which is an rpi-blb2 ortholog from pepper and confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (pepmov) in a transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. this gene putatively encoded for 1298 amino acids and is located on pepper chromosome 6. pepmov nib was the elicitor of the pvr9-mediated hypersensitiv ... | 2015 | 25776758 |
| generation of an attenuated, cross-protective pepino mosaic virus variant through alignment-guided mutagenesis of the viral capsid protein. | mild variants of many viruses are able to protect infected plants from subsequent invasion by more severe variants of the same viruses through a process known as cross-protection. in the past, the cross-protective viral variants were commonly derived from mild field isolates that were sometimes genetically heterogeneous, providing variable levels of cross-protection. here, we report a novel approach to rapidly generate cross-protective variants of the tomato-infecting pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) ... | 2015 | 25496364 |
| a pathogenicity determinant maps to the n-terminal coat protein region of the pepino mosaic virus genome. | pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) poses a worldwide threat to the tomato industry. considerable differences at the genetic level allow for the distinction of four main genotypic clusters; however, the basis of the phenotypic outcome is difficult to elucidate. this work reports the generation of wild-type pepmv infectious clones of both eu (mild) and ch2 (aggressive) genotypes, from which chimeric infectious clones were created. phenotypic analysis in three solanaceous hosts, nicotiana benthamiana, dat ... | 2015 | 25131553 |
| differentially expressed genes in healthy and plum pox virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. | viruses use both material and energy sources of their hosts and redirect the production of disposable compounds in order to make viral replication more efficient. metabolism of infected organisms is modified by these enhanced requirements as well by their own defense response. resulting complex story consists of many regulation events on various gene expression levels. elucidating these processes may contribute to the knowledge on virus-host interactions and to evolving new antiviral strategies. ... | 2015 | 26666187 |
| aphid transmission of the ontario isolate of plum pox virus. | utilization of timed virus acquisition access probes in studies of plum pox virus (ppv) transmission by aphids demonstrated that endemic species transmitted the virus readily from plum, prunus domestica (l.) batsch; peach, p. persica (l.); or dwarf flowering almond, p. glandulosa thunberg., to peach seedlings. the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), was shown to be the most efficient vector. acquisition of virus by green peach aphids from infected peach leaves resulted in 18-28% infected ... | 2015 | 26453705 |
| the p25 protein of potato virus x (pvx) is the main pathogenicity determinant responsible for systemic necrosis in pvx-associated synergisms. | most plant viruses counter the rna silencing-based antiviral defense by expressing viral suppressors of rna silencing (vsrs). in this sense, vsrs may be regarded as virulence effectors that can be recognized by the host as avirulence (avr) factors to induce r-mediated resistance. we made use of agrobacterium-mediated transient coexpression of vsrs in combination with potato virus x (pvx) to recapitulate in local tissues the systemic necrosis (sn) caused by pvx-potyvirus synergistic infections in ... | 2015 | 25473046 |
| complete genome sequences of two biologically distinct isolates of asparagus virus 1. | the complete genome sequences of two asparagus virus 1 (av-1) isolates differing in their ability to cause systemic infection in nicotiana benthamiana were determined. their genomes had 9,741 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tail, encoded a polyprotein of 3,112 amino acids, and shared 99.6 % nucleotide sequence identity. they differed at 37 nucleotide and 15 amino acid sequence positions (99.5 % identity) scattered over the polyprotein. the closest relatives of av-1 in amino acid se ... | 2015 | 25216774 |
| importin-α-mediated nucleolar localization of potato mop-top virus triple gene block1 (tgb1) protein facilitates virus systemic movement, whereas tgb1 self-interaction is required for cell-to-cell movement in nicotiana benthamiana. | recently, it has become evident that nucleolar passage of movement proteins occurs commonly in a number of plant rna viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. systemic movement of potato mop-top virus (pmtv) involves two viral transport forms represented by a complex of viral rna and triple gene block1 (tgb1) movement protein and by polar virions that contain the minor coat protein and tgb1 attached to one extremity. the integrity of polar virions ensures the efficient movement of rna-cp, which e ... | 2015 | 25576325 |
| suppression of rnai by dsrna-degrading rnaseiii enzymes of viruses in animals and plants. | certain rna and dna viruses that infect plants, insects, fish or poikilothermic animals encode class 1 rnaseiii endoribonuclease-like proteins. dsrna-specific endoribonuclease activity of the rnaseiii of rock bream iridovirus infecting fish and sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (spcsv) infecting plants has been shown. suppression of the host antiviral rna interference (rnai) pathway has been documented with the rnaseiii of spcsv and heliothis virescens ascovirus infecting insects. suppress ... | 2015 | 25747942 |
| analysis of pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1 and -2 for potential rna silencing suppressors and pathogenicity factors. | higher plants use rna silencing to defend against viral infections. as a counter defense, plant viruses have evolved proteins that suppress rna silencing. mealybug wilt of pineapple (mwp), an important disease of pineapple, has been associated with at least three distinct viruses, pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1, -2, and -3 (pmwav-1, -2, and -3). selected open reading frames (orfs) of pmwav-1 and pmwav-2 were screened for their local and systemic suppressor activities in agrobacteriu ... | 2015 | 25751306 |
| rnai mediated inhibition of viroid infection in transgenic plants expressing viroid-specific small rnas derived from various functional domains. | previous attempts to develop rnai-mediated viroid-resistant transgenic plants using nearly full-length potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) hairpin rna (hprna) were successful; however unusual phenotypes resembling viroid infection occurred. therefore, in the present work, transgenic nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing both partial and truncated versions of pstvd hprna were developed. specifically, seven partial or truncated versions of pstvd sequences were selected according to the hotspots o ... | 2015 | 26656294 |
| expression of sant/hth myb mrna, a plant morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor, changes due to viroid infection. | potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) belongs to plant-pathogenic, circular, non-coding rnas. its propagation is accompanied by (mis)regulation of host genes and induction of pathogenesis symptoms including changes of leaf morphogenesis depending on the strength of viroid variant. we found strong genotype-dependent suppression of tomato morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor sant/hth-myb (slmyb) due to viroid pathogenesis. its relative mrna level was found to be significantly decreased in p ... | 2015 | 26118459 |
| viroid rna turnover: characterization of the subgenomic rnas of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo. | while biogenesis of viroid rnas is well-known, how they decay is restricted to data involving host rna silencing. here we report an alternative degradation pathway operating on potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd), the type species of nuclear-replicating viroids (family pospiviroidae). northern-blot hybridizations with full- and partial-length probes revealed a set of pstvd (+) subgenomic (sg)rnas in early-infected eggplant, some partially overlapping and reaching levels comparable to those of th ... | 2015 | 25662219 |
| transgenic down-regulation of argonaute2 expression in nicotiana benthamiana interferes with several layers of antiviral defenses. | the present study aimed to analyze the contribution of nicotiana benthamiana argonaute2 (nbago2) to its antiviral response against different viruses. for this purpose, dsrna hairpin technology was used to reduce nbago2 expression in transgenic plants as verified with rt-pcr. this reduction was specific because the expression of other nbagos was not affected, and did not cause obvious developmental defects under normal growth conditions. inoculation of transgenic plants with an otherwise silencin ... | 2015 | 26454664 |
| effects of elevated co₂and temperature on pathogenicity determinants and virulence of potato virus x/potyvirus-associated synergism. | infections of plants by multiple viruses are common in nature and may result in synergisms in pathologies. several environmental factors influence plant-virus interactions and act on virulence and host defense responses. mixed viral infections may be more frequent under environmental conditions associated with global warming. here, we address how changes in the two main parameters behind global warming, carbon dioxide concentrations ([co₂]) and temperature, may affect virulence of potato virus x ... | 2015 | 26422405 |
| rice grassy stunt virus nonstructural protein p5 serves as a viral suppressor of rna silencing and interacts with nonstructural protein p3. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv), a member of the genus tenuivirus, causes serious rice disease in southeast asian countries. in this study, a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based transient expression assay was conducted to show that p5, encoded on rna5 in the viral sense, is a viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr). protein-protein interactions (ppis) between p5 and all rgsv proteins except pc1 and pc2 were investigated using gal4-based yeast two-hybrid (y2h) experiments. the results demonstrat ... | 2015 | 26296721 |
| in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers. | the use of biological self-assembling materials, plant virus nanoparticles in particular, appears very intriguing as it allows a great choice of symmetries and dimensions, easy chemical and biological engineering of both surface and/or internal cavity as well as safe and rapid production in plants. in this perspective, we present an initial evaluation of the safety profile of two structurally different plant viruses produced in nicotiana benthamiana l. plants: the filamentous potato virus x and ... | 2015 | 25847457 |
| fluorescently tagged potato virus y: a versatile tool for functional analysis of plant-virus interactions. | potato virus y (pvy) is an economically important plant virus that infects solanaceous crops such as tobacco and potato. to date, studies into the localization and movement of pvy in plants have been limited to detection of viral rna or proteins ex vivo. here, a pvy n605 isolate was tagged with green fluorescent protein (gfp), characterized and used for in vivo tracking. in nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi, pvy n605-gfp was biologically comparable to nontagged pvy n605, stable through three plant-to ... | 2015 | 25761209 |
| differential contributions of plant dicer-like proteins to antiviral defences against potato virus x in leaves and roots. | members of the plant dicer-like (dcl) protein family are the critical components of the rna-silencing pathway that mediates innate antiviral defence. the distinct antiviral role of each individual dcl protein has been established with mostly based on observations of aerial parts of plants. thus, although the roots are closely associated with the life cycle of many plant viruses, little is known about the antiviral activities of dcl proteins in roots. we observed that antiviral silencing strongly ... | 2015 | 25619543 |
| rice stripe tenuivirus p2 may recruit or manipulate nucleolar functions through an interaction with fibrillarin to promote virus systemic movement. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type species of the genus tenuivirus and represents a major viral pathogen affecting rice production in east asia. in this study, rsv p2 was fused to yellow fluorescent protein (p2-yfp) and expressed in epidermal cells of nicotiana benthamiana. p2-yfp fluorescence was found to move to the nucleolus initially, but to leave the nucleolus for the cytoplasm forming numerous distinct bright spots there at later time points. a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bi ... | 2015 | 25431002 |
| a critical domain of sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus nucleotide-binding protein (nabp) for rna silencing suppression, nuclear localization and viral pathogenesis. | rna silencing is an important mechanism of antiviral defence in plants. to counteract this resistance mechanism, many viruses have evolved rna silencing suppressors. in this study, we analysed five proteins encoded by sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (spcfv) for their abilities to suppress rna silencing using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based transient expression assay in nicotiana benthamiana line 16c plants. our results showed that a putative nucleotide-binding protein (nabp), but not ... | 2015 | 25138489 |
| cell death-inducing stresses are required for defense activation in ds1-phosphatidic acid phosphatase-silenced nicotiana benthamiana. | we previously identified ds1 plants that showed resistance to compatible ralstonia solanacearum with accelerated defense responses. here, we describe activation mechanisms of defense responses in ds1 plants. after inoculation with incompatible r. solanacearum 8107, ds1 plants showed hyperinduction of hypersensitive response (hr) and reactive oxygen species (ros) generation. transient expression of popp1 and avra induced hyperinduction of hr and ros generation. furthermore, pseudomonas cichorii ( ... | 2015 | 26188395 |
| pseudomonas corrugata crpcde is part of the cyclic lipopeptide corpeptin biosynthetic gene cluster and is involved in bacterial virulence in tomato and in hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana. | pseudomonas corrugata cfbp 5454 produces two kinds of cyclic lipopeptides (clps), cormycin a and corpeptins, both of which possess surfactant, antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities. in this study, we identified genes coding for a putative non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and an abc-type transport system involved in corpeptin production. these genes belong to the same transcriptional unit, designated crpcde. the genetic organization of this locus is highly similar to other pseudomonas clp biosy ... | 2015 | 25231335 |
| the arabidopsis lectin euls3 is involved in stomatal closure. | plants synthesize carbohydrate binding proteins in response to adverse environmental conditions such as drought, heat, pathogen attack, etc. the arabidopsis euls3 lectin (referred to as aratheuls3, encoded by at2g39050) has recently been linked to the drought stress response. in this study, endogenous binding partners for this protein have been investigated. tandem affinity purifications and mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of two putative interacting proteins, embryo-specif ... | 2015 | 26259197 |
| expression and functional roles of the pepper pathogen-induced bzip transcription factor cabzip2 in enhanced disease resistance to bacterial pathogen infection. | a pepper bzip transcription factor gene, cabzip2, was isolated from pepper leaves infected with a virulent strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. transient expression analysis of the cabzip2-gfp fusion protein in nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the cabzip2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. the acidic domain in the n-terminal region of cabzip2 that is fused to the gal4 dna-binding domain is required to activate the transcription of reporter genes in yeas ... | 2015 | 25738319 |
| the npr1 homolog ghnpr1 plays an important role in the defense response of gladiolus hybridus. | ghnpr1 shares similar functions as arabidopsis npr1 . silencing of ghnpr1 in gladiolus results in an enhanced susceptibility to curvularia gladioli. we propose that ghnpr1 plays important roles in plant immunity. gladiolus plants and corms are susceptible to various types of pathogens including fungi, bacteria and viruses. understanding the innate defense mechanism in gladiolus is a prerequisite for the development of new protection strategies. the non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (n ... | 2015 | 25708873 |
| p5-2 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus is a non-structural protein targeted to chloroplasts. | the genome segment s5 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (genus fijivirus, family reoviridae) is functionally bicistronic in infected plants. it has a conserved second orf (p5-2) partially overlapping the major orf in a different reading frame, but its function remains unknown. p5-2 was detected in infected plants, but not in purified viral particles by western blotting, indicating that it is a non-structural protein. in immunoelectron microscopy, polyclonal antibodies against p5-2 specifically ... | 2015 | 25749897 |
| interaction of hsp20 with a viral rdrp changes its sub-cellular localization and distribution pattern in plants. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) perform a fundamental role in protecting cells against a wide array of stresses but their biological function during viral infection remains unknown. rice stripe virus (rsv) causes a severe disease of rice in eastern asia. oshsp20 and its homologue (nbhsp20) were used as baits in yeast two-hybrid (yth) assays to screen an rsv cdna library and were found to interact with the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of rsv. interactions were confirmed by pull-dow ... | 2015 | 26359114 |
| analysis of genetic variation and diversity of rice stripe virus populations through high-throughput sequencing. | plant rna viruses often generate diverse populations in their host plants through error-prone replication and recombination. recent studies on the genetic diversity of plant rna viruses in various host plants have provided valuable information about rna virus evolution and emergence of new diseases caused by rna viruses. we analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of rice stripe virus (rsv) populations in oryza sativa (a natural host of rsv) and compared it with that of the rsv populations ge ... | 2015 | 25852724 |
| p2 of rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and p6 and p9 of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv) isolates from vietnam exert suppressor activity on the rna silencing pathway. | in vietnam, the two main viruses that cause disease in rice are the rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and the rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv). outbreaks of these two viruses have dramatically decreased rice production in vietnam. because natural resistance genes are unknown, an rnai strategy may be an alternative method to develop resistance to rgsv and rrsv. however, this strategy will be efficient only if putative silencing suppressors encoded by the two viruses are neutralized. to identify these ... | 2015 | 26215087 |
| functional comparison of rna silencing suppressor between the p5 protein of rice grassy stunt virus and the p3 protein of rice stripe virus. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) is a member of the genus tenuivirus, which includes rice stripe virus (rsv), as the type species. a viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr) of rgsv has not been identified, whereas the p3 protein of rsv (rsvp3) encoded by the viral-sense (v) strand of rna3 has been reported to act as a vsr. in this study, we examined the vsr function of the p5 protein of rgsv (rgsvp5), encoded by vrna5. expecting it to correspond to the vrna3 of rsv, we compared the vsr function of ... | 2015 | 25836276 |
| phenylpropanoids accumulation in eggplant fruit: characterization of biosynthetic genes and regulation by a myb transcription factor. | phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (solanum melongena) fruits. chlorogenic acid (cga) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. as a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of cga and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate cga biosynthetic genes in s. melongena ... | 2015 | 26858726 |
| in vivo localization of iris yellow spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae)-encoded proteins and identification of interacting regions of nucleocapsid and movement proteins. | localization and interaction studies of viral proteins provide important information about their replication in their host plants. tospoviruses (family bunyaviridae) are economically important viruses affecting numerous field and horticultural crops. iris yellow spot virus (iysv), one of the tospoviruses, has recently emerged as an important viral pathogen of allium spp. in many parts of the world. we studied the in vivo localization and interaction patterns of the iysv proteins in uninfected an ... | 2015 | 25781476 |
| petal loss, a trihelix transcription factor that represses growth in arabidopsis thaliana, binds the energy-sensing snrk1 kinase akin10. | organogenesis in plants involves differential growth. rapidly growing primordia are distinguished from the meristem and each other by slower growing boundaries. petal loss (ptl) is a trihelix transcription factor of arabidopsis that represses growth in boundaries between newly arising sepals. to identify partners involved in this growth limitation, a young inflorescence cdna library was screened by yeast two-hybrid technology with ptl as bait. the most frequent prey identified was akin10, the ca ... | 2015 | 25697797 |
| movement and nucleocapsid proteins coded by two tospovirus species interact through multiple binding regions in mixed infections. | negative-stranded tospoviruses (family: bunyaviridae) are among the most agronomically important viruses. some of the tospoviruses are known to exist as mixed infections in the same host plant. iris yellow spot virus (iysv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were used to study virus-virus interaction in dually infected host plants. viral genes of both viruses were separately cloned into binary psite-bifc vectors. bifc results showed that the n and nsm proteins of iysv interact with their count ... | 2015 | 25666522 |
| abce1 is a highly conserved rna silencing suppressor. | atp-binding cassette sub-family e member 1 (abce1) is a highly conserved protein among eukaryotes and archaea. recent studies have identified abce1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea. here we report another conserved function of abce1. we have previously described atrli2, the homolog of abce1 in the plant arabidopsis thaliana, as an endogenous suppressor of rna silencing. in this study we show that this function is cons ... | 2015 | 25659154 |
| identification and characterization of plant-specific nac gene family in canola (brassica napus l.) reveal novel members involved in cell death. | nac transcription factors are plant-specific and play important roles in plant development processes, response to biotic and abiotic cues and hormone signaling. however, to date, little is known about the nac genes in canola (or oilseed rape, brassica napus l.). in this study, a total of 60 nac genes were identified from canola through a systematical analysis and mining of expressed sequence tags. among these, the cdna sequences of 41 nac genes were successfully cloned. the translated protein se ... | 2015 | 25616736 |
| osc2 and cyp716a14v2 catalyze the biosynthesis of triterpenoids for the cuticle of aerial organs of artemisia annua. | artemisia annua is widely studied for its ability to accumulate the antimalarial sesquiterpenoid artemisinin. in addition to producing a variety of sesquiterpenoids, a. annua also accumulates mono-, di-, and triterpenoids, the majority of which are produced in the glandular trichomes. a. annua also has filamentous trichomes on its aerial parts, but little is known of their biosynthesis potential. here, through a comparative transcriptome analysis between glandular and filamentous trichomes, we i ... | 2015 | 25576188 |
| soybean actin-depolymerizing factor 2 interacts with soybean mosaic virus-encoded p3 protein. | soybean mosaic virus (smv), a member of the potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. it is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. p3 protein is the most variable polyprotein in potyviruses, which potentially plays an important role in the process of the evolution of virus type specialization. however, p3 not only plays ... | 2015 | 25537947 |
| physiological functions of the copi complex in higher plants. | copi vesicles are essential to the retrograde transport of proteins in the early secretory pathway. the copi coatomer complex consists of seven subunits, termed α-, β-, β'-, γ-, δ-, ε-, and ζ-cop, in yeast and mammals. plant genomes have homologs of these subunits, but the essentiality of their cellular functions has hampered the functional characterization of the subunit genes in plants. here we have employed virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) and dexamethasone (dex)-inducible rnai of the copi ... | 2015 | 26434491 |
| a protein kinase binds the c-terminal domain of the readthrough protein of turnip yellows virus and regulates virus accumulation. | turnip yellows virus (tuyv), a phloem-limited virus, encodes a 74kda protein known as the readthrough protein (rt) involved in virus movement. we show here that a tuyv mutant deleted of the c-terminal part of the rt protein (tuyv-∆rtcter) was affected in long-distance trafficking in a host-specific manner. by using the c-terminal domain of the rt protein as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a phloem cdna library from arabidopsis thaliana we identified the calcineurin b-like protein-interact ... | 2015 | 26402374 |
| arabidopsis seipin proteins modulate triacylglycerol accumulation and influence lipid droplet proliferation. | the lipodystrophy protein seipin is important for lipid droplet (ld) biogenesis in human and yeast cells. in contrast with the single seipin genes in humans and yeast, there are three seipin homologs in arabidopsis thaliana, designated seipin1, seipin2, and seipin3. essentially nothing is known about the functions of seipin homologs in plants. here, a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) seipin deletion mutant strain and a plant (nicotiana benthamiana) transient expression system were used to test t ... | 2015 | 26362606 |
| structural basis of pathogen recognition by an integrated hma domain in a plant nlr immune receptor. | plants have evolved intracellular immune receptors to detect pathogen proteins known as effectors. how these immune receptors detect effectors remains poorly understood. here we describe the structural basis for direct recognition of avr-pik, an effector from the rice blast pathogen, by the rice intracellular nlr immune receptor pik. avr-pikd binds a dimer of the pikp-1 hma integrated domain with nanomolar affinity. the crystal structure of the pikp-hma/avr-pikd complex enabled design of mutatio ... | 2015 | 26304198 |
| the maize cytochrome p450 cyp79a61 produces phenylacetaldoxime and indole-3-acetaldoxime in heterologous systems and might contribute to plant defense and auxin formation. | plants produce a group of aldoxime metabolites that are well known as volatiles and as intermediates in cyanogenic glycoside and glucosinolate biosynthesis in particular plant families. recently it has been demonstrated that aldoximes can also accumulate as part of direct plant defense in poplar. cytochrome p450 enzymes of the cyp79 family were shown to be responsible for the formation of aldoximes from their amino acid precursors. | 2015 | 26017568 |
| a reversible renilla luciferase protein complementation assay for rapid identification of protein-protein interactions reveals the existence of an interaction network involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis in the plant golgi apparatus. | a growing body of evidence suggests that protein-protein interactions (ppis) occur amongst glycosyltransferases (gts) required for plant glycan biosynthesis (e.g. cell wall polysaccharides and n-glycans) in the golgi apparatus, and may control the functions of these enzymes. however, identification of ppis in the endomembrane system in a relatively fast and simple fashion is technically challenging, hampering the progress in understanding the functional coordination of the enzymes in golgi glyca ... | 2015 | 25326916 |
| properties of satellite tobacco mosaic virus phenotypes expressed in the presence and absence of helper virus. | in this study, we assembled an agrobacterium-based transient expression system for the ectopic expression of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) (+) or (-) transcripts and their biological activity was confirmed when nicotiana benthamiana plants were co-expressed with helper tobacco mosaic virus replicase. characterization of stmv in the presence and absence of its hv revealed: (i) hv-dependent expression of stmv (+) in n. benthamiana, but not in n. tabacum, generated a replication-deficient b ... | 2015 | 25974867 |
| the relationship between the plant-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 and alternative oxidase in tomato basal defense against tobacco mosaic virus. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen attack. the sa-induced viral defense in plants is distinct from the pathways mediating bacterial and fungal defense, which is pathogenesis-related protein-independent but involves an rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 (rdr1)-mediated rna silencing mechanism and/or an alternative oxidase (aox)-associated defense pathway. however, the relationship between these two viral defense-related pathways remains unclear. in this study, ... | 2015 | 25408506 |
| salicylic acid binding of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase e2 affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain components and plays a role in basal defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tomato. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion. sa-induced viral defense in plants is distinct from the pathways mediating bacterial and fungal defense and involves a specific pathway mediated by mitochondria; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. the sa-binding activity of the recombinant tomato (solanum lycopersicum) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (slα-kgdh) e2 subunit of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle was characterized. the bio ... | 2015 | 25365924 |
| molecular characterization of two lysophospholipid:acyl-coa acyltransferases belonging to the mboat family in nicotiana benthamiana. | in the remodeling pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (pc), acyl-coa-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (lysopc) acyltransferase (lpcat) catalyzes the reacylation of lysopc. a number of genes encoding lpcats have been cloned and characterized from several plants in recent years. using arabidopsis and other plant lpcat sequences to screen the genome database of nicotiana benthamiana, we identified two cdnas encoding the putative tobacco lpcats (nblpcat1 and nblpcat2). both of them wer ... | 2015 | 26684752 |
| translation of the shallot virus x tgb3 gene depends on non-aug initiation and leaky scanning. | triple gene block (tgb), a conserved gene module found in the genomes of many filamentous and rod-shaped plant viruses, encodes three proteins, tgb1, tgb2 and tgb3, required for viral cell-to-cell movement through plasmodesmata and systemic transport via the phloem. the genome of shallot virus x, the type species of the genus allexivirus, includes tgb1 and tgb2 genes, but contains no canonical orf for tgb3 protein. however, a tgb3-like protein-encoding sequence lacking an aug initiator codon has ... | 2015 | 26296665 |
| the complete genome sequences of two isolates of cnidium vein yellowing virus, a tentative new member of the family secoviridae. | we determined the complete genome sequences of two isolates of cnidium vein yellowing virus (cnvyv-1 and -2) that co-infected all field samples collected from cnidium officinale in korea. unlike cnvyv-2, however, cnvyv-1 was sap-transmissible to nicotiana benthamiana. cnvyv-1 and -2 have bipartite genomes of 7,263 and 3,110 nucleotides and 7,278 and 3,112 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the poly(a) tails. phylogenetic analysis of the cnvyv-1 and -2 sequences indicated close relationships to ... | 2015 | 26282235 |
| high-yield production of a functional bacteriophage lysin with antipneumococcal activity using a plant virus-based expression system. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of several serious infectious diseases. it is becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant worldwide, and thus new antimicrobials are needed. one alternative to antibiotics may be the use of peptidoglycan hydrolases, the bacteriophage lytic enzymes. in this study, we demonstrated high level expression of the s. pneumoniae bacteriophage lysin pal in nicotiana benthamiana - tmv (tobacco mosaic virus) transient expression system. the protein was purifie ... | 2015 | 25744664 |
| targeted plant genome editing via the crispr/cas9 technology. | targeted modification of plant genome is key for elucidating and manipulating gene functions in basic and applied plant research. the crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/crispr-associated protein (cas) technology is emerging as a powerful genome editing tool in diverse organisms. this technology utilizes an easily reprogrammable guide rna (grna) to guide streptococcus pyogenes cas9 endonuclease to generate a dna double-strand break (dsb) within an intended genomic ... | 2015 | 25757776 |
| comparative assessments of crispr-cas nucleases' cleavage efficiency in planta. | custom-designed nucleases can enable precise plant genome editing by catalyzing dna-breakage at specific targets to stimulate targeted mutagenesis or gene replacement. the crispr-cas system, with its target-specifying rna molecule to direct the cas9 nuclease, is a recent addition to existing nucleases that bind and cleave the target through linked protein domains (e.g. talens and zinc-finger nucleases). we have conducted a comparative study of these different types of custom-designed nucleases a ... | 2015 | 25403732 |
| phylogenetic analysis and biolistic infectivity of a cloned sri lankan cassava mosaic virus dna-a from tamil nadu, india on nicotiana benthamiana. | the complete nucleotide sequence of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) dna-a isolated from cassava in southern india was analyzed, a phylogenetic analysis with other begomoviral nucleotide sequences was performed and an efficient inoculation method of nicotiana benthamiana with the cloned dna was developed utilizing a biolistic device. the nucleotide sequence showed the conservation of all functional begomoviral protein domains and aligned most closely with begomoviruses reported from the i ... | 2015 | 25790052 |
| studies on differential behavior of cassava mosaic geminivirus dna components, symptom recovery patterns, and their sirna profiles. | cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) with bipartite genome organization is a major constraint for production of cassava in the african continent and the indian sub-continent. currently, there are eleven recognized species of cmgs, and several diverse isolates represent them, with vast amount of sequence variability, reflecting into diversity of symptom severity/phenotypes. here, we make a systematic effort to study the infection dynamics of several species of cmgs ... | 2015 | 25724177 |
| a recombinant tobacco curly shoot virus causes leaf curl disease in tomato in a north-eastern state of india and has potentiality to trans-replicate a non-cognate betasatellite. | leaf curl disease is a serious constraint in tomato production throughout india. several begomoviruses were reported from different parts of the country; however, identity of begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tomato in north-eastern states of india was obscured. in the present study, the complete genome of an isolate (to-ag-1) of begomovirus was generated from a leaf curl sample collected from tripura state. however, no dna-b and betasatellite were detected in the field samples. t ... | 2015 | 25410052 |
| activity and specificity of trv-mediated gene editing in plants. | plant trait engineering requires efficient targeted genome-editing technologies. clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (crisprs)/ crispr associated (cas) type ii system is used for targeted genome-editing applications across eukaryotic species including plants. delivery of genome engineering reagents and recovery of mutants remain challenging tasks for in planta applications. recently, we reported the development of tobacco rattle virus (trv)-mediated genome editing in nicotiana be ... | 2015 | 26039254 |