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volatile composition of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.a total of 88 volatile and semi-volatile components were formally or tentatively identified in flowers, leaves and stems of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (cv. little bright eye), by headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) and by dichloromethane extraction, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). these include some diterpenic compounds (manool and manoyl oxides), a sesquiterpen (alpha-bisabolol), and some pyridine, pyrazine, indol and carotenoid derivatives. applying ...200919186019
aza-tryptamine substrates in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.biosynthetic pathways can be hijacked to yield novel compounds by introduction of novel starting materials. here we have altered tryptamine, which serves as the starting substrate for a variety of alkaloid biosynthetic pathways, by replacing the indole with one of four aza-indole isomers. we show that two aza-tryptamine substrates can be successfully incorporated into the products of the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway in catharanthus roseus. use of unnatural heterocycles in precursor-direct ...200920064432
[effects of nacl on the growth and alkaloid content of catharanthus roseus seedlings].catharanthus roseus seedlings were grown in 1/2 hoagland solution containing 0-250 mmol x l(-1) of nacl, and their fresh and dry mass, malondialdehyde (mda) and chlorophyll contents, tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) and peroxidase (pod) activities, and vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine contents were measured after 7 days. the results showed that nacl markedly decreased the fresh and dry mass but increased the mda content. the chlorophyll content had no difference with the contr ...200819123347
antidiabetic screening and scoring of 11 plants traditionally used in south africa.to investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of indigenous or naturalised south african plants using an optimised screening and scoring method.200818588966
vindoline formation in shoot cultures of catharanthus roseus is synchronously activated with morphogenesis through the last biosynthetic step.the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) produces the monoterpenoid alkaloid vindoline, which requires a specialized cell organization present only in the aerial tissues. vindoline content can be affected by photoperiod and this effect seems to be associated with the morphogenetic capacity of branches; this association formed the basis of the study reported here.200818587132
water deficit stress effects on reactive oxygen metabolism in catharanthus roseus; impacts on ajmalicine accumulation.in the present work, we have analysed the changes in the reactive oxygen metabolism of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. plants in terms of h(2)o(2) content, lipid peroxidation and the free radical quenching systems (non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants) under drought stress. in addition to this, the root alkaloid ajmalicine was extracted and quantified from both control and drought stressed plants. the h(2)o(2) content was analysed from both stressed and unstressed control plants. lipid pero ...200817996429
differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of catharanthus roseus under drought stress.two varieties, rosea and alba, of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. were screened for their water use efficiency under two watering regimes, viz. 60 and 100% filed capacity in the present study. drought stress was imposed at 60% filed capacity from 30 to 70 days after sowing, while the control pots were maintained at 100% filed capacity throughout the entire growth period. leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired, water use efficiency, net assimilation rate, mean transpiration rate, harves ...200818187121
7-o-methylated anthocyanidin glycosides from catharanthus roseus.anthocyanins were isolated from orange-red flowers of catharanthus roseus cv 'equator deep apricot', and identified as rosinidin 3-o-[6-o-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-galactopyranoside] (1), and also 7-o-methylcyanidin 3-o-[6-o-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-galactopyranoside] (2) by chemical and spectroscopic methods. pigment 1 was found to be a major anthocyanin in the flowers of this cultivar. by contrast, the distribution of rosinidin glycosides is very limited in plants, and reported only in ...200818164044
endogenous hormonal and enzymatic responses of catharanthus roseus with triadimefon application under water deficits.the effect of triadimefon was investigated in a medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus subjected to water deficit stress. the abscisic acid (aba) level, dna and rna contents and activities of atpase and protease were found varying in different parts of the plants under treatment. drought treatment increased the aba level more than twofold in all parts of the plants. tdm treatment to the drought stressed plants showed highest contents. in roots, stem and leaves, drought stress caused a decrease in ...200818940699
substrate specificity and diastereoselectivity of strictosidine glucosidase, a key enzyme in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.strictosidine glucosidase (sgd) from catharanthus roseus catalyzes the deglycosylation of strictosidine, an intermediate from which thousands of monoterpene indole alkaloids are derived. the steady-state kinetics of sgd with a variety of strictosidine analogs revealed the substrate preferences of this enzyme at two key positions of the strictosidine substrate. additionally, sgd from c. roseus turns over both strictosidine and its stereoisomer vincoside, indicating that although this enzyme prefe ...200818061449
application of carborundum abrasion for investigating the leaf epidermis: molecular cloning of catharanthus roseus 16-hydroxytabersonine-16-o-methyltransferase.the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) produces the well-known and remarkably complex anti-cancer dimeric alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine that are derived from the coupling of vindoline and catharanthine monomers. this study describes the novel application of a carborundum abrasion (ca) technique for large-scale isolation of leaf epidermis-enriched proteins in order to purify to apparent homogeneity 16-hydroxytabersonine-16-o-methyltransferase (16omt), which catalyses the second o ...200818053006
know the medicinal herb: catharanthus roseus (vinca rosea). 200825606134
a vacuolar class iii peroxidase and the metabolism of anticancer indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus: can peroxidases, secondary metabolites and arabinogalactan proteins be partners in microcompartmentation of cellular reactions?plants possess a unique metabolic diversity commonly designated as secondary metabolism, of which the anticancer alkaloids from catharanthus roseus are among the most studied. recently, in a classical function-to-protein-to-gene approach, we have characterized the main class iii peroxidase (prx) expressed in c. roseus leaves, crprx1, implicated in a key biosynthetic step of the anticancer alkaloids. we have shown the vacuolar sorting determination of crprx1 using gfp fusions and we have obtained ...200819704535
growth and photosynthetic pigments responses of two varieties of catharanthus roseus to triadimefon treatment.triadimefon, potential fungicide cum plant-growth retardant was used in this study to investigate its effect on the growth and the photosynthetic pigment contents of two varieties of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. the plants of both varieties were subjected to 15 mg l(-1) triadimefon treatment by soil drenching 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after planting (dap). plants were uprooted on 90 dap, and morphological parameters, like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, root length and fresh and dry ...200818355749
inheritance of pollen-less anthers and "thrum" and "pin" flowers in periwinkle.two mutants, 1 with small, pollen-less anthers (or-ea) and another with "pin" flowers (ems 13-2), in contrast to "thrum" flowers found in normal periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) plants, were isolated after induced mutagenesis in strain or and cultivar, "dhawal," respectively. inheritance of these 2 traits, pollen-less anthers, and pin flowers was studied by crossing the mutants with their respective parental strains. segregation ratios observed in f(2) and testcross generations of the cross or-e ...200818339651
the leaf epidermome of catharanthus roseus reveals its biochemical specialization.catharanthus roseus is the sole commercial source of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), vindoline and catharanthine, components of the commercially important anticancer dimers, vinblastine and vincristine. carborundum abrasion technique was used to extract leaf epidermis-enriched mrna, thus sampling the epidermome, or complement, of proteins expressed in the leaf epidermis. random sequencing of the derived cdna library established 3655 unique ests, composed of 1142 clusters and 2513 sing ...200818326827
opium poppy and madagascar periwinkle: model non-model systems to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants.alkaloids represent a large and diverse group of compounds that are related by the occurrence of a nitrogen atom within a heterocyclic backbone. unlike other types of secondary metabolites, the various structural categories of alkaloids are unrelated in terms of biosynthesis and evolution. although the biology of each group is unique, common patterns have become apparent. opium poppy (papaver somniferum), which produces several benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and madagascar periwinkle (catharanthu ...200818476877
enhanced catharanthine and vindoline production in suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus by ultraviolet-b light.suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus were used to evaluate ultraviolet-b (uv-b) treatment as an abiotic elicitor of secondary metabolites. a dispersed cell suspension culture from c. roseus leaves in late exponential phase and stationary phase were irradiated with uv-b for 5 min. the stationary phase cultures were more responsive to uv-b irradiation than late exponential phase cultures. catharanthine and vindoline increased 3-fold and 12-fold, respectively, on treatment with a 5-min uv-b i ...200818439256
quantitative analysis of anionic metabolites for catharanthus roseus by capillary electrophoresis using sulfonated capillary coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.this paper describes a practical method to quantify anionic metabolites using contemporary capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ce-esi-ms/ms). the use of sulfonated capillary permitted a simultaneous analysis of sugar phosphates, organic acids, nucleotides and coenzyme a compounds with only one ce condition. this capillary also improved the repeatability and sensitivity. ms/ms with multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) detection was utilized to achieve signifi ...200818397777
new phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of catharanthus roseus.screening of the phenolic compounds from seeds, stems, leaves and petals of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (cv. little bright eye) was achieved by hplc-dad-esi-ms/ms. this is the first detailed study of noncolored phenolics in c. roseus, which allowed the characterization of three caffeoylquinic acids and fifteen flavonol glycosides (di- and trisaccharides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin). fifteen compounds are reported for the first time in this species. the scavenging ability of the ...200818850714
molecular cloning and characterization of a vacuolar class iii peroxidase involved in the metabolism of anticancer alkaloids in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus produces low levels of two dimeric terpenoid indole alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. the dimerization reaction leading to alpha-3',4'-anhydrovinblastine is a key regulatory step for the production of the anticancer alkaloids in planta and has potential application in the industrial production of two semisynthetic derivatives also used as anticancer drugs. in this work, we report the cloning, characterization, and subcellula ...200818065566
auxin-treatment induces recovery of phytoplasma-infected periwinkle.to test the effect of auxin-treatment on plant pathogenic phytoplasmas and phytoplasma-infected host.200819120631
biotransformation of valdecoxib by plant cell cultures.valdecoxib is a new anti-inflammatory drug that is highly selective for inhibition of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (cox-2). in the present study, biotransformation of valdecoxib was investigated in cell cultures of five medicinal plants, viz., catharanthus roseus, azadirachta indica, capsicum annuum, ervatamia heyneana, and nicotiana tabacum. identification of the biotransformed products was carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection an ...200818556810
antioxidant potential and indole alkaloid profile variations with water deficits along different parts of two varieties of catharanthus roseus.the variations in antioxidant potentials and indole alkaloid content were studied in the present investigation, in two varieties (rosea and alba) of catharanthus roseus, an important herb used in traditional as well as modern medicine, exposed to water deficit stress. the antioxidant and alkaloid profiles were estimated from root, stem, leaf, flowers and pods. the antioxidant potentials were examined in terms of non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules and activities of antioxidant enzymes. the non-e ...200818068339
seasonal population dynamics of draeculacephala minerva (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and transmission of xylella fastidiosa.the grass sharpshooter, draeculacephala minerva ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a very common and often abundant grass-feeding leafhopper in california. its population dynamics and ability to transmit xylella fastidiosa were monitored over a 2-yr period in california's san joaquin valley. collections of individuals from natural populations in irrigated pastures and alfalfa, medicago savita l. fields adjacent to x. fastidiosa-infected almond (prunus spp.) orchards indicated the occurrence of t ...200818767716
studies on rhizosphere microbial diversity of some commercially important medicinal plants.a preliminary study was made on four medicinal plants viz., ocimum sanctum l., coleus forskholii briq, catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. and aloe vera in order to identify and enumerate the rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere and diazotrophic microorganisms in soil. the diazotrophic bacterial population studied includes azospirillum, azotobacter and pseudomonas. the rhizosphere bacterial populations were 23.33 x 10(6)g(-1) in o. sanctum followed by c. roseus (20.46 x 10(6)g(-1)), a. vera (18.44 x 10(6)g ...200817951032
alterations in morphological parameters and photosynthetic pigment responses of catharanthus roseus under soil water deficits.an experiment was conducted in two varieties, rosea and alba, of catharanthus roseus plants with two watering treatments viz., 100 and 60% of field capacity, to understand the effects of water deficit on early growth, biomass allocation and photosynthetic pigment responses. we found that there were significant differences in early growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment variations between the two varieties. the root length, shoot length, total leaf area, fresh and dry weights were significan ...200817949951
a predictive nutritional model for plant cells and hairy roots.a structured nutritional model is proposed to describe growth and nutritional behavior of eschscholtzia californica suspension cells and catharanthus roseus and daucus carota hairy roots in in vitro culture. the model describes the cells specific growth rate from concentration of intracellular nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (pi), nitrogen sources (no(3) (-) and nh(4) (+)) and sugars. two-level michaelis-menten kinetics are used to describe pi and no(3) (-) uptake and simple michaelis-ment ...200817614323
simultaneous quantification of some pharmaceutical catharanthus roseus leaf and root terpenoid indole alkaloids and their precursors in single runs by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.a new, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (lc) method with photodiode array detection is described. it allows, in a single run of 30 min, simultaneous separation of 6 pharmaceutically and biologically important catharanthus roseus leaf and root terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and 3 of their precursors: tia precursors tryptophan, tryptamine, and loganine; and tias serpentine, catharanthine, ajmalicine, vincristine, vinblastine, and vindoline. the method inv ...200815675438
isolation and structural studies on the alkaloids in flowers of catharanthus roseus. 20086481367
catharanthus alkaloids xxxvii. 16-epi-z-isositsirikine, a monomeric indole alkaloid with antineoplastic activity from catharanthus roseus and rhazya stricta.16-epi-z-isositsirikine (1) has been isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus and rhazya stricta and identified through a combination of spectral interpretation and chemical correlation. the compound displayed antineoplastic activity in the kb test system in vitro and the p-388 test system in vivo.20086619887
catharanthus alkaloids, xxxviii. confirming structural evidence and antineoplastic activity of the bisindole alkaloids leurosine-n'b-oxide (pleurosine), roseadine and vindolicine from catharanthus roseus.additional and confirming chemical and spectroscopic evidence for vindolicine (4), roseadine (5), and leurosine-n'b-oxide (6) is presented. leurosine-n'b-oxide (6) was found to be exceptionally active in the b-16 melanoma test system in vivo. roseadine (5), a new isolate of catharanthus roseus, and 6 displayed significant activity in the p-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in vivo. preliminary spectral studies on the new alkaloid roseamine are also described.20086631435
spatial distribution and hormonal regulation of gene products from methyl erythritol phosphate and monoterpene-secoiridoid pathways in catharanthus roseus.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) from madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) are secondary metabolites of high interest due to their therapeutical values. secologanin, the monoterpenoid moiety incorporated into mias, is derived from the plastidial methyl-d: -erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. here, we have cloned a cdna encoding hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate synthase (hds), a mep pathway enzyme, and generated antibodies to investigate the distribution of transcripts and protein ...200717611800
expression of deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.madagascar periwinkle [catharanthus roseus (l.) g don] is a pantropical plant of horticultural value that produces the powerful anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine that are derived from the dimerization of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), vindoline and catharanthine. the present study describes the genetic engineering and expression of the terminal step of vindoline biosynthesis, deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase (dat) in catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures. biochemi ...200717574634
alterations in osmoregulation, antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid levels in catharanthus roseus exposed to water deficit.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don plants were grown in different water regimes in order to study the drought induced osmotic stress and proline (pro) metabolism, antioxidative enzyme activities and indole alkaloid accumulation. the plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (did) stress from 30 days after sowing (das) and regular irrigation was kept as control. the plants were uprooted on 41das (10did), 46das (15did) and 51das (20did). the drought stressed plant ...200717560094
membrane-associated phosphoinositides-specific phospholipase c forms from catharanthus roseus transformed roots.we have previously reported that catharanthus roseus transformed roots contain at least two phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-phospholipase c (plc) activities, one soluble and the other membrane associated. detergent, divalent cations, and neomycin differentially regulate these activities and pure protein is required for a greater understanding of the function and regulation of this enzyme. in this article we report a partia purification of membrane-associated plc. we found that there are at ...200717652793
induction of drought stress tolerance by ketoconazole in catharanthus roseus is mediated by enhanced antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolite accumulation.a pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the drought stress mitigating effect of ketoconazole (kcz), a fungicide cum plant growth regulator, in catharanthus roseus plants. the plants under pot culture were subjected to drought stress and drought stress with kcz from 30 days after sowing (das) and regular irrigation was kept as control. antioxidant contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes were estimated from root, stem and leaf of both control and treated plants. the alkaloid ajma ...200717643970
water deficit stress mitigation by calcium chloride in catharanthus roseus: effects on oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloid accumulation.the present investigation was conducted to determine whether cacl(2) increases catharanthus roseus drought tolerance and if such tolerance is correlated with changes in oxidative stress, osmoregulation and indole alkaloid accumulation. c. roseus plants were grown under water deficit environments with or without cacl(2). drought induced oxidative stress was measured in terms of lipid peroxidation (lpo) and h(2)o(2) contents, osmolyte concentration, proline (pro) metabolizing enzymes and indole al ...200717643271
downregulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway by low temperature and cloning of a ap2 type c-repeat binding factor (cbf) from catharanthus roseus (l). g. don.plants produce secondary metabolites in response to various external signals. coordinated transcriptional control of biosynthetic genes emerges as a major mechanism dictating the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cells. however, information about stress regulation of secondary metabolites and the molecular mechanisms regulating these specialized pathways are poorly understood. here, we show that terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthetic pathway is differentially regulated in resp ...200717619193
purification and characterization of udp-glucose : curcumin glucoside 1,6-glucosyltransferase from catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures converted exogenously added curcumin to a series of curcumin glucosides that possessed drastically enhanced water solubility. a cdna clone encoding a glucosyltransferase responsible for glucosylation of curcumin to form curcumin 4'-o-glucoside was previously isolated, and in the present study a novel sugar-sugar glycosyltransferase, udp-glucose:curcumin glucoside glucosyltransferase (ucggt), was purified approximately 900-fold to apparent homogeneity ...200717940060
a simplified procedure for indole alkaloid extraction from catharanthus roseus combined with a semi-synthetic production process for vinblastine.dried leaves of catharanthus roseus were extracted with aqueous acidic 0.1 m solution of hcl. alkaloid-embonate complexes were obtained as precipitates by treating the extract with an alkaline (naoh) solution of embonic acid (4,4-methylene-bis-3-hydroxynaphtalenecarboxylic acid). the precipitate mainly consisted of catharanthine and vindoline embonates and it was directly used as the starting material for a semi-synthesis of the anti-cancer bisindole alkaloid vinblastine. the coupling reaction i ...200717909486
long-term maintenance of a transgenic catharanthus roseus hairy root line.stably transformed transgenic hairy root cultures have the potential to be a valuable production platform for a variety of secondary metabolites. this study reports that a transgenic hairy root culture of catharanthus roseus has been stably maintained for over 4.5 years. this culture carries a transgene that expresses the green fluorescent protein under the control of the glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. genomic pcr confirmed the presence of the gfp insert within the hairy roots, and induction ...200717900137
rapid identification of enzyme variants for reengineered alkaloid biosynthesis in periwinkle.monoterpene indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle), such as the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine, have important pharmacological activities. metabolic engineering of alkaloid biosynthesis can provide an efficient and environmentally friendly route to analogs of these synthetically challenging and pharmaceutically valuable natural products. however, the narrow substrate scope of strictosidine synthase, the enzyme at the entry point of the pathway, limits a ...200717719488
involvement of rapid nucleotide synthesis in recovery from phosphate starvation of catharanthus roseus cells.growth of suspension-cultured catharanthus roseus cells ceased during phosphate starvation, but the cells grew again upon addition of pi even after long-term starvation. the metabolic fate of [(33)p]pi was studied in 1-week-old stationary phase cells in ordinary culture and in 1- or 2-week-old pi-starved cells. immediately after administration, the most heavily labelled organic compounds are nucleotides, followed by sugar phosphates. two weeks pi starvation slowed down the speed of incorporation ...200717185741
flux quantification in central carbon metabolism of catharanthus roseus hairy roots by 13c labeling and comprehensive bondomer balancing.methods for accurate and efficient quantification of metabolic fluxes are desirable in plant metabolic engineering and systems biology. toward this objective, we introduce the application of "bondomers", a computationally efficient and intuitively appealing alternative to the commonly used isotopomer concept, to flux evaluation in plants, by using catharanthus roseus hairy roots as a model system. we cultured the hairy roots on (5% w/w u-(13)c, 95% w/w naturally abundant) sucrose, and acquired t ...200717532015
accumulation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in periwinkle seedlings (catharanthus roseus) as a model for the study of plant-environment interactions.alkaloids are part of the chemical arsenal designed to protect plants against an adverse environment. therefore, their synthesis and accumulation are frequently induced in response to certain environmental conditions and are mediated by chemical signals, which are formed as the first responses to the external stimulus. a set of experiments using catharanthus roseus seedlings is presented to illustrate this interaction. using the well characterized induction of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid synth ...200721591090
[simultaneous determination of vindoline, catharanthine and anhydrovinblastine in catharanthus roseus by high performance liquid chromatography].a high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method with gradient elution was developed for the simultaneous determination of vindoline, catharanthine and anhydrovinblastine in catharanthus roseus. the analytes were separated on a waters (5)c18-ms-ii column (4.6 mm x 250 mm) and detected at 220 nm. the mobile phases were methanol-1% (v/v) diethylamine solution (adjusted to ph 7.3 with phosphate) for gradient elution at temperature of 25 degrees c. the calibration curves for vindoline, cathar ...200717970117
rapid and non-invasive detection of plants senescence using a delayed fluorescence technique.senescence is a phase of leaf ontogeny marked by declining photosynthetic activity that is paralleled by a decline in chloroplast function. the photosystem ii in a plant is considered to be the primary site where delayed fluorescence (df) is produced. we report here a simple, rapid, and non-invasive technique for detecting plants senescence based on quantitative measurements of df. in the experimental study, various senescence symptoms induced by age or hormones were examined in the catharanthus ...200717549265
glycosylation of capsaicin and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin by cultured cells of catharanthus roseus.the glycosylation of capsaicin and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin was investigated using cultured cells of catharanthus roseus. in addition to capsaicin 4-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (170 microg/g fr. wt of cells), the biotransformation products, capsaicin 4-o-(6-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (116 microg/g fr. wt of cells) and capsaicin 4-o-(6-o-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (83 microg/g fr. wt of cells), were isolated from the cell suspension after three days of incubati ...200717449077
transcript profiling of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway genes and regulators reveals strong expression of repressors in catharanthus roseus cell cultures.the understanding of the complexities and molecular events regulating genes and the activators involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) metabolism is known to a certain extent in cell cultures of an important tia yielding plant, catharanthus roseus, though it is not yet complete. recently, the repressors of early tia pathway genes have also been identified. however, their roles in the regulation of tia pathway in c. roseus cell cultures remains yet unknown. we have made a comparative profilin ...200717333024
inorganic phosphate uptake in intact vacuoles isolated from suspension-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don under varying pi status.inorganic phosphate (pi) uptake across the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles isolated from catharanthus roseus suspension-cultured cells was measured. under low pi status, pi uptake into the vacuole was strongly activated compared to high pi status. since pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is correlated with h+ pumping, we examined the dependency of h+ pumping on plant pi status. both h+ pumping and the activities of the vacuolar h+-pumps, the v-type h+-atpase and the h+-ppase were enhanc ...200716955272
enhancing terpenoid indole alkaloid production by inducible expression of mammalian bax in catharanthus roseus cells.bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family, triggers hypersensitive reactions when expressed in plants. to investigate the effects of bax on the biosynthesis of clinically important natural products in plant cells, we generate transgenic catharanthus roseus cells overexpressing a mouse bax protein under the beta-estradiol-inducible promoter. the expression of bax in transgenic catharanthus roseus cells is highly dependent on beta-estradiol concentrations applied. contents of catha ...200717447031
identification of a bipartite jasmonate-responsive promoter element in the catharanthus roseus orca3 transcription factor gene that interacts specifically with at-hook dna-binding proteins.jasmonates are plant signaling molecules that play key roles in defense against certain pathogens and insects, among others, by controlling the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the apetala2-domain transcription factor orca3 is involved in the jasmonate-responsive activation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. by loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we located a 74-bp region within the o ...200717496112
alterations in seedling vigour and antioxidant enzyme activities in catharanthus roseus under seed priming with native diazotrophs.an experiment was conducted on catharanthus roseus to study the effect of seed treatments with native diazotrophs on its seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities. the treatments had significant influence on various seedling parameters. there is no significant influence on dry matter production with the diazotrophs, azospirillum and azotobacter. however, the vital seedling parameters such as germination percentage and vigour index were improved. azotobacter treatment influenced maximum o ...200717610323
antioxidant potentials and ajmalicine accumulation in catharanthus roseus after treatment with giberellic acid.changes in antioxidant potentials and indole alkaloid, ajmalicine, production were studied in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. plants under treatment with gibberellic acid (ga(3)). the ga(3) treatments were given in two ways, foliar spray and soil drenching methods on 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (dap). the plants were uprooted randomly on 90 dap and separated into root, stem and leaves and used for analyses. the antioxidant potential was studied in terms of non-enzymatc antioxidant mol ...200717643272
involvement of nitric oxide signaling in mammalian bax-induced terpenoid indole alkaloid production of catharanthus roseus cells.bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family, has been demonstrated to be a potential regulatory factor for plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis recently. to investigate the molecular mechanism of bax-induced secondary metabolite biosynthesis, we determined the contents of nitric oxide (no) of the transgenic catharanthus roseus cells overexpressing a mouse bax protein and checked the effects of no specific scavenger 2,4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide ...200717914641
effect of indole-3-butyric acid on phytoplasmas in infected catharanthus roseus shoots grown in vitro.phytoplasmas are noncultivable bacteria usually maintained in catharanthus roseus shoots grown in vitro on ms medium with benzylaminopurine. the aim of our research was to examine the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (iba) on c. roseus shoots infected with three different phytoplasma strains. supplement of iba in the medium supported plant growth, photosynthesis and remission of symptoms in all phytoplasma-infected shoots, but had no effect on the presence of ey-c and sa-i phytoplasma strains ...200717328744
evaluation of wound-healing potential of catharanthus roseus leaf extract in rats.rats treated with 100 mg /kg/day of the catharanthus roseus ethanol extract had high rate of wound contraction significantly decreased epithelization period, significant increase in dry weight and hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue when compared with the controls. wound contraction together with increased tensile strength and hydroxyproline content support the use of c. roseus in the management of wound healing.200717683880
hypoglycemic effect of catharanthus roseus in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.the effects of crude juice (at 0.5 and 1 ml/kg b.w.) and aqueous extract (at 0.30 and 0.45 gm/kg b.w.) of leaves of catharanthus roseus on serum glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were examined at 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours following single oral administration. the administration of crude juice at 1 ml/kg b.w. continued for another 9 doses (total 10 single morning doses given) and its effect was examined on the 4th and 11th day. the rats were made diabetic by single intrap ...200717703149
calcium chloride effects on salinity-induced oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloid accumulation in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. plants were grown with nacl and cacl2 in order to study the effect of cacl2 on nacl-induced oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation (tbars content), h2o2 content, osmolyte concentration, proline (pro)-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and indole alkaloid accumulation. the plants were treated with solutions of 80 mm nacl, 80 mm nacl with 5 mm cacl2 and 5 mm cacl2 alone. groundwater was used for irrigation of control plants. plants were u ...200717720584
the endophyte curtobacterium flaccumfaciens reduces symptoms caused by xylella fastidiosa in catharanthus roseus.citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) is a disease of the sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.)], which is caused by xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, a phytopathogenic bacterium that has been shown to infect all sweet orange cultivars. sweet orange trees have been occasionally observed to be infected by xylella fastidiosa without evidencing severe disease symptoms, whereas other trees in the same grove may exhibit severe disease symptoms. the principal endophytic bacterial species isolated from such cv ...200717978797
pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress.the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) like pseudomonas fluorescens on growth parameters and the production of ajmalicine were investigated in catharanthus roseus under drought stress. the plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (did) stress and drought stress with pseudomonas fluorescens at 1mgl(-1) and 1mgl(-1)pseudomonas fluorescens alone from 30 days after planting (dap) and regular irrigation was kept as control. the plants were upro ...200717681765
characterization of an ethanol-inducible promoter system in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.efforts to engineer catharanthus roseus hairy roots to produce commercially significant amounts of valuable compounds, such as the terpenoid indole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, require the development of tools to study the effects of overexpressing key metabolic and regulatory genes. the use of inducible promoters allows researchers to control the timing and level of expression of genes of interest. in addition, use of inducible promoters allows researchers to use a single transgenic l ...200717715939
adhesion of suspension-cultured catharanthus roseus cells to surfaces: effect of ph, ionic strength, and cation valency.the correlation between the effects of ph, ionic strength and cation valency on the electrophoretic mobility and the extent of adhesion of suspension-cultured catharanthus roseus cells to various polymer substrates is presented. the electrophoretic mobility of cells was unaltered in the ph range of 6-8, but decreased from approximately -2.2 x 10(-8) m v-1 s-1 and approached zero as the ph of the suspending liquid was decreased from 6 to 2. similarly, the value of electrophoretic mobility decreas ...20072765628
uv-b-induced signaling events leading to enhanced-production of catharanthine in catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.elicitations are considered to be an important strategy towards improved in vitro production of secondary metabolites. in cell cultures, biotic and abiotic elicitors have effectively stimulated the production of plant secondary metabolites. however, molecular basis of elicitor-signaling cascades leading to increased production of secondary metabolites of plant cell is largely unknown. exposure of catharanthus roseus cell suspension culture to low dose of uv-b irradiation was found to increase th ...200717988378
cloning, characterization and localization of a novel basic peroxidase gene from catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don produces a number of biologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids via a complex terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. the final dimerization step of this pathway, leading to the synthesis of a dimeric alkaloid, vinblastine, was demonstrated to be catalyzed by a basic peroxidase. however, reports of the gene encoding this enzyme are scarce for c. roseus. we report here for the first time the cloning, characterization and localization of a novel basic pe ...200717298442
promoter analysis of the catharanthus roseus geraniol 10-hydroxylase gene involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis.geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h) is an important enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoid alkaloids found in diverse plant species. the catharanthus roseus g10h controls the first committed step in biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tia). the c. roseus g10h promoter sequence was isolated by a pcr-based genome walking method. sequence analysis revealed that the g10h promoter contains several potential eukaryotic regulatory elements involved in regulation of gene expression. the ...200717321612
evaluation of endophytic colonization of citrus sinensis and catharanthus roseus seedlings by endophytic bacteria.over the last few years, the endophytic bacterial community associated with citrus has been studied as an important component interacting with xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc). this bacterium may also colonize some model plants, such as catharanthus roseus and nicotiana clevelandii. in the present study, we compared the endophytic colonization of citrus sinensis and catharanthus roseus using the endophytic bacteria klebsiella pneumoniae. we chose an appro ...200717342049
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for reproductive problems.throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by european folk medicine, either through the early spanish and french settlers or through the continuous immigration of spanish-speaking peoples from venezuela. some folk uses are ancient and were documented by galen and pliny the elder.200717362507
a single amino acid in the pspg-box plays an important role in the catalytic function of caugt2 (curcumin glucosyltransferase), a group d family 1 glucosyltransferase from catharanthus roseus.curcumin glucosyltransferase (caugt2) isolated from cell cultures of catharanthus roseus exhibits unique substrate specificity. to identify amino acids involved in substrate recognition and catalytic activity of caugt2, a combination of domain swapping and site-directed mutagenesis was carried out. exchange of the pspg-box of caugt2 with that of ntgt1b (a phenolic glucosyltransferase from tobacco) led to complete loss of enzyme activity in the resulting recombinant protein. however, replacement ...200717509574
impact of cadmium and lead on catharanthus roseus--a phytoremediation study.the madagascar periwinkle, catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (a valued medicinal plant) was exposed to different concentrations ofheavymetals like, cdcl, and pbcl, with a view to observe their bioaccumulation efficiency. germination was inhibited by both the heavy metals in the seeds previously imbibed in ga, and kno, for 24 hr. ec50 (the effective concentration which inhibits root length by 50%) was recorded as 180 microm for cdcl2, and 50 microm for pbcl2. both alpha-amylase and protease activit ...200718380091
construction of genetic linkage map of the medicinal and ornamental plant catharanthus roseus.an integrated genetic linkage map of the medicinal and ornamental plant catharanthus roseus, based on different types of molecular and morphological markers was constructed, using a f(2) population of 144 plants. the map defines 14 linkage groups (lgs) and consists of 131 marker loci, including 125 molecular dna markers (76 rapd, 3 rapd combinations; 7 issr; 2 est-ssr from medicago truncatula and 37 other pcr based dna markers), selected from a total of 472 primers or primer pairs, and six morph ...200718305345
alterations in lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and proline metabolism in catharanthus roseus under treatment with triadimefon, a systemic fungicide.triadimefon (tdm), a systemic fungicide with non-traditional plant-growth regulator properties, was administered to catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. plants in order to determine its effects on oxidative injury in terms of h2o2 content, lipid peroxidation (lpo), electrolyte leakage (el), protein and amino acid contents, as well as proline metabolism. the lpo, estimated as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars), decreased under tdm treatment. it was found that h2o2 and el were reduced und ...200718068649
the suzuki-miyaura reaction in the chemical transformations of vindoline.vindoline and its analogues are important constituents of the madagascan periwinkle catharanthus roseus, and some of them are valuable chemotherapy drugs used in treatment for some types of cancer, including leukaemia, lymphoma, breast and lung cancer. the search for semi-synthetic congeners of natural substances is still an important task for organic chemistry. in this communication we report the synthesis of five new vindoline derivatives, 15-(2-methoxyphenyl)vindoline 11, 15-(3-methoxyphenyl) ...200718066403
allergy to periwinkle pollen (catharanthus roseus g. don.).catharanthus roseus g. don. (cr) or periwinkle plants are widely grown/ cultivated as garden plants in the tropics and subtropics. in spite of its predominantly entomophilous nature, cr pollen had been reported to be airborne and allergenic. the objective of this study was to discover the seasonal changes of cr pollen concentration in air, to determine its potential to cause respiratory allergy and to analyze its allergenic components. a 2-year aerobiological survey was conducted with a burkard ...200717655175
an efficient chemoenzymatic production of small molecule glucosides with in situ udp-glucose recycling.a one-pot system for efficient enzymatic synthesis of curcumin glucosides is described. the method couples the activities of two recombinant enzymes, udp-glucose: curcumin glucosyltransferase from catharanthus roseus (caugt2) and sucrose synthase from arabidopsis thaliana (atsus1). udp, a product inhibitor of udp-glucosyltransferase, was removed from the system and used for regeneration of udp-glucose by the second enzyme, atsus1. the productivity was increased several-fold and udp-glucose initi ...200717499718
transcription factor agamous-like 12 from arabidopsis promotes tissue-like organization and alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus suspension cells.in catharanthus roseus, monomeric terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) are biosynthesized in specific tissues, particularly in roots, but failed to be produced by in vitro undifferentiated suspension cells. in this paper, we describe the impact of the root-specific mads-box transcription factor agamous-like 12 (agl12) from arabidopsis thaliana on the differentiation of suspension cells from c. roseus. the expression of agl12 is sufficient to promote an organization of suspension cells into globular ...200717157545
molecular cloning and characterization of crmdr1, a novel mdr-type abc transporter gene from catharanthus roseus.a novel gene encoding a mdr-like abc transporter protein was cloned from catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant with more than 120 kinds of secondary metabolites, through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). this gene (named as crmdr1; genbank accession no.: dq660356) had a total length of 4395 bp with an open reading frame of 3801 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 137.1 kda. the crmdr1 protein shared 59.8, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity wi ...200717541839
molecular cloning and expression of a cdna encoding a hybrid histidine kinase receptor in tropical periwinkle catharanthus roseus.signalling pathways involving histidine kinase receptors (hkrs) are widely used by prokaryotes and fungi to regulate a large palette of biological processes. in plants, hkrs are known to be implicated in cytokinin, ethylene, and osmosensing transduction pathways. in this work, a full length cdna named crcik was isolated from the tropical species catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. it encodes a 1205 amino acid protein that belongs to the hybrid hkr family. the deduced amino acid sequence shows the h ...200616773556
biotransformations with plant tissue cultures.suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus, apocynum cannabinum and conium maculatum were examined for their capacity to transform aniline, anisole, acetanilide, benzoic acid and coumarin. none of the cultures transformed acetanilide but each produced acetanilide when fed aniline. all three cultures converted benzoic acid to its para-hydroxy derivative. coumarin was selectively hydroxylated at the 7-position by catharanthus and conium and anisole was o-demethylated only by older catharanthus tis ...20061084950
cloning, characterization and localization of three novel class iii peroxidases in lignifying xylem of norway spruce (picea abies).plant class iii peroxidases (poxs) take part in the formation of lignin and maturation of plant cell walls. however, only a few examples of such peroxidases from gymnosperm tree species with highly lignified xylem tracheids have been implicated so far. we report here cdna cloning of three xylem-expressed class iii peroxidase encoding genes from norway spruce (picea abies). the translated proteins, px1, px2 and px3, contain the conserved amino acids required for heme-binding and peroxidase cataly ...200616897487
metabolic engineering of cell cultures versus whole plant complexity in production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: recent progress related to old dilemma.monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) are a large class of plant alkaloids with significant pharmacological interest. the sustained production of mias at high yields is an important goal in biotechnology. intensive effort has been expended toward the isolation, cloning, characterization and transgenic modulation of genes involved in mia biosynthesis and in the control of the expression of these biosynthesis-related genes. at the same time, considerable progress has been made in the detailed descri ...200616716935
terpenoid indole alkaloid production by catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol abc genes.we have established catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol abc genes from t(l)-dna of the agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4. the rol abc hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. however, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. moreover, they do not produce detecta ...200616261632
cyp3a4 and cyp2d6 inhibitory activities of indonesian medicinal plants.thirty samples of indonesian medicinal plants were analyzed for their capacity to inhibit in vitro metabolism by human cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) and cyp2d6 with a radiometric assay. the meoh-soluble fractions of 25 samples, prepared from water extracts, demonstrated inhibitory activity more than 50% on the metabolism mediated by cyp3a4, and 21 samples on the metabolism mediated by cyp2d6. among the meoh-soluble fractions, piper nigrum leaf showed the highest inhibitory activity against cyp3a4 ...200616360935
catharanthus roseus flower extract has wound-healing activity in sprague dawley rats.catharanthus roseus l (c. roseus) has been used to treat a wide assortment of diseases including diabetes. the objective of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound healing activity of the flower extract of catharanthus in rats.200617184528
preparation of mixed alginate elicitors with high activity for the efficient production of 5'-phosphodiesterase by catharanthus roseus cells.when various autoclaved microbial cells suspensions (exogenous elicitors) were added to catharanthus roseus cell cultures, its growth was inhibited but 5'-phosphodiesterase (pdase) production was stimulated. the greatest effect was with autoclaved alteromonas macleodii: the dry cell concentration decreased from 13 to 10.9 mg/ml while pdase production increased from 0.022 to 0.235 u/ml. a combination of a. macleodii (as exogenous elicitor) and 0.1%(w/v) alginate oligomers (ao: acting as both endo ...200616937247
screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors play a pivotal role in metazoan lipid and glucose homeostasis. synthetic activators of pparalpha (fibrates) and ppargamma (glitazones) are therefore widely used for treatment of dislipidemia and diabetes, respectively. there is growing evidence for herbal compounds to influence nuclear receptor signalling e.g. the ppars. we recently reported carnosic acid and carnosol, both being diterpenes found in the labiate herbs sage and rosemary, to be activa ...200617152989
effect of salinity and different nitrogen sources on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid content in catharanthus roseus seedlings.the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione reductase, gr; superoxide dismutase, sod; peroxidase, pod; catalase, cat and glutathione-s-transferase, gst and alkaloid accumulation were investigated in leaf pairs (apical, middle, basal) and in roots of catharanthus roseus seedlings under the conditions of different nitrogen sources (20 mm kno(3) and 2 mm nh(4)cl) and salinity, in the absence (non-saline control) and in the presence of 100 mm nacl in the nutrient solution. salinity caused ...200616360799
model plants for studying the interaction between methylobacterium mesophilicum and xylella fastidiosa.over the last few years, endophytic bacterial communities associated with citrus have been studied as key components interacting with xylella fastidiosa. in this study, we investigated the possible interaction between the citrus endophyte methylobacterium mesophilicum sr1.6/6 and x. fastidiosa in model plants such as catharanthus roseus (madagaskar periwinkle) and nicotiana clevelandii (clevelands tobacco). the aim of this study was to establish the fate of m. mesophilicum sr1.6/6 after inoculat ...200616699566
plasmid psci6 from spiroplasma citri gii-3 confers insect transmissibility to the non-transmissible strain s. citri 44.the insect-transmissible strain gii-3 of spiroplasma citri contains plasmids psci1-6, five of which (psci1-5) encode adhesin-like proteins and one (psci6) encodes protein p32, which has been associated with insect transmissibility. in contrast, s. citri strains asp-1 and 44, which cannot be transmitted via injection into the leafhopper vector circulifer haematoceps, lack these proteins and also do not carry plasmids psci1-6. to further study the apparent relationship between the presence of plas ...200616946265
development of a quantitative method for determination of the optimal conditions for protoplast isolation from cultured plant cells.an index [kv: average isolation rate of viable protoplast (number/ml min)] was established to evaluate the optimal conditions for protoplast isolation from cultured plant cells. the optimal conditions for protoplasts isolation from nicotiana tabacum by2 cultured cells could be determined on the basis of the kv [31.7 x 10(3) (number/ml min)]. the colony-forming efficiency of the protoplasts was about 46%. the optimal conditions for protoplasts isolation from catharanthus roseus [kv = 38.1 x 10(3) ...200616955360
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus.this paper is based on ethnobotanical interviews conducted from 1996-2000 in trinidad and tobago with thirty male and female respondents.200617040567
development of a kinetic metabolic model: application to catharanthus roseus hairy root.a kinetic metabolic model describing catharanthus roseus hairy root growth and nutrition was developed. the metabolic network includes glycolysis, pentose-phosphate pathway, tca cycle and the catabolic reactions leading to cell building blocks such as amino acids, organic acids, organic phosphates, lipids and structural hexoses. the central primary metabolic network was taken at pseudo-steady state and metabolic flux analysis technique allowed reducing from 31 metabolic fluxes to 20 independent ...200616453114
predicting leaf-level fluxes of o3 and no2: the relative roles of diffusion and biochemical processes.pollutants like o(3) and no(2) enter leaves through the stomata and cause damage during reactions with components of biological cell membranes. the steady-state flux rates of these gases into the leaf are determined by a series of physical and biochemical resistances including stomatal aperture, reactions occurring within the cell wall and the ability of the leaf to remove the products of apoplastic reactions. in the present study, multiple regression models incorporating stomatal conductance, a ...200616913863
expressed sequence tags from madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus).the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is well known to produce the chemotherapeutic anticancer agents, vinblastine and vincristine. in spite of its importance, no expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of this plant has been reported. two cdna libraries were generated from rna isolated from the base part of young leaves and from root tips to select 9,824 random clones for unidirectional sequencing, to yield 3,327 related sequences and 1,696 singletons by cluster analysis. putative funct ...200616870181
identification of a low vindoline accumulating cultivar of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don by alkaloid and enzymatic profiling.the madagascar periwinkle [catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don] is a commercially important horticultural flower species and is the only source of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), vinblastine and vincristine, key pharmaceutical compounds used to combat a number of different cancers. the present study uses high performance liquid chromatography for metabolic profiling of the mias extracted from seedlings and young leaves of 50 different flowering cultivars of c. roseus to show that, except ...200616806326
catharanthus roseus shoot cultures for the production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.a protocol for the establishment of in vitro shoot cultures of catharanthus roseus is described. shoots can be maintained for more than 1 yr without evidence of tissue vitrification, disaggregation, or callus formation. vindoline was the main alkaloid accumulated, reaching values similar to those found in leaves from field-grown plants, after a long period of culture. an induction methodology to reduce such waiting time is also presented.200616673929
methylation of sulfhydryl groups: a new function for a family of small molecule plant o-methyltransferases.in plants, type i and ii s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methyltransferases (omts) catalyze most hydroxyl group methylations of small molecules. a homology-based rt-pcr strategy using catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle) rna previously identified six new type i plant omt family members. we now describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of a seventh protein. it shares 56-58% identity with caffeic acid omts (comts), but it failed to methylate comt substrates, and had no act ...200616623883
[role of elements and physiologically active compounds in the regulation of synthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus l].effects of various elements (co, ni, zn, w, mn, cr, b, mo, fe, and v), natural and synthetic auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellin on biosynthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids was studied at increasing concentrations in the model system of madagascar periwinkle seedlings (catharanthus roseus l.). the main types of concentration dependences for the effect of physiologically active compounds under study were evaluated. a possible mechanism of the influence of zn and auxin on this process was ...200615977796
transient effects of overexpressing anthranilate synthase alpha and beta subunits in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.catharanthus roseus produces two economically valuable anticancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine. these drugs are members of the terpenoid indole alkaloids and accumulate in small quantities within the plant; thus these two drugs are expensive to produce. metabolic engineering efforts have focused on increasing the alkaloids in this pathway through various means such as elicitation, precursor feeding, and gene overexpression. recently we successfully expressed arabidopsis genes encoding a fe ...200616209565
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