Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
yfdw and yfdu are required for oxalate-induced acid tolerance in escherichia coli k-12.escherichia coli has several mechanisms for surviving low-ph stress. we report that oxalic acid, a small-chain organic acid (scoa), induces a moderate acid tolerance response (atr) in two ways. adaptation of e. coli k-12 at ph 5.5 with 50 mm oxalate and inclusion of 25 mm oxalate in ph 3.0 minimal challenge medium separately conferred protection, with 67% ± 7% and 87% ± 17% survival after 2 h, respectively. the combination of oxalate adaptation and oxalate supplementation in the challenge medium ...201323335415
plasma membrane-associated malate dehydrogenase of maize (zea mays l.) roots: native versus recombinant protein.malate dehydrogenase (mdh, ec 1.1.1.37) is involved in several cellular processes including plant development, nutrient uptake and oxidative stress. evidence for a plasma membrane-associated mdh has been presented for maize (zea mays l.) roots. in the present study isoenzymes of mdh were purified from highly enriched plasma membrane preparations of maize and compared with soluble isoenzymes (km, ph optima, pi and molecular masses). modified sds-page analyses revealed monomers of 41 kda for membr ...201323313174
survival of pathogenic escherichia coli on basil, lettuce, and spinach.the contamination of lettuce, spinach and basil with pathogenic e. coli has caused numerous illnesses over the past decade. e. coli o157:h7, e. coli o104:h4 and avian pathogenic e. coli (apecstx- and apecstx+) were inoculated on basil plants and in promix substrate using drip and overhead irrigation. when overhead inoculated with 7 log cfu/ml of each strain, e. coli populations were significantly (p = 0.03) higher on overhead-irrigated plants than on drip-irrigated plants. apecstx-, e. coli o104 ...201323280331
molecular cloning and functional expression of a water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein from japanese wild radish.hydrophilic chlorophyll (chl)-binding proteins have been isolated from various brassicaceae plants and are categorized into class ii water-soluble chl-binding proteins (wscps). although the molecular properties of class ii wscps including brassica-type (e.g., cauliflower wscp, brussels sprouts wscp and bnd22, a drought- and salinity-stress-induced 22 kda protein of rapeseed), a lepidium-type, and an arabidopsis-type wscps have been well characterized, those of raphanus-type wscps are poorly unde ...201323266282
appraisal of hygiene indicators and farming practices in the production of leafy vegetables by organic small-scale farmers in umbumbulu (rural kwazulu-natal, south africa).during october, november and december 2011 (when highest sales of agri-hub fresh produce are observed), irrigation water, compost, lettuce and spinach sampled from four different farmer cooperatives supplying the local agri-hub in umbumbulu (kwazulu-natal, south africa) were analyzed monthly for the presence of total and fecal coliforms and escherichia coli using the most probable number (mpn) technique. the ph values for all irrigation water samples analyzed were within the acceptable range of ...201324065036
differences in biofilm formation of produce and poultry salmonella enterica isolates and their persistence on spinach plants.spinach plants were irrigated biweekly with water containing 2.1 log cfu salmonella/100 ml water (the maximum escherichia coli mpn recommended by the leafy greens marketing agreement; lgma), or 4.1 cfu salmonella/100 ml water to determine salmonella persistence on spinach leaves. green fluorescent protein expressing salmonella were undetectable by most-probable number (mpn) at 24 h and 7 days following each irrigation event. this study indicates that salmonella are unlikely to persist on spinach ...201324010621
prevalences of shiga toxin subtypes and selected other virulence factors among shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli strains isolated from fresh produce.shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) strains were isolated from a variety of fresh produce, but mostly from spinach, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.5%. a panel of 132 produce stec strains were characterized for the presence of virulence and putative virulence factor genes and for shiga toxin subtypes. about 9% of the isolates were found to have the eae gene, which encodes the intimin binding protein, and most of these belonged to known pathogenic stec serotypes, such as o157:h7 and o2 ...201323995936
antimycobacterial and herbicidal activity of ring-substituted 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides.in this study, a series of 22 ring-substituted 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium smegmatis. the compounds were also tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. most of tested compounds showed the antimycobacterial activity aga ...201324075143
antibacterial and herbicidal activity of ring-substituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides.in this study, a series of twenty-two ring-substituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1‑carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against staphylococcus aureus, three methicillin-resistant s. aureus strains, mycobacterium marinum, m. kasasii, m. smegmatis. and m. avium paratuberculosis. the compounds were also tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l ...201323924993
a highly conserved mycobacterial cholesterol catabolic pathway.degradation of the cholesterol side-chain in mycobacterium tuberculosis is initiated by two cytochromes p450, cyp125a1 and cyp142a1, that sequentially oxidize c26 to the alcohol, aldehyde and acid metabolites. here we report characterization of the homologous enzymes cyp125a3 and cyp142a2 from mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155. heterologously expressed, purified cyp125a3 and cyp142a2 bound cholesterol, 4-cholesten-3-one, and antifungal azole drugs. cyp125a3 or cyp142a2 reconstituted with spinach ...201323489718
feeding spinach thylakoids to rats modulates the gut microbiota, decreases food intake and affects the insulin response.thylakoid membranes derived from green leaf chloroplasts affect appetite-regulating hormones, suppress food intake, reduce blood lipids and lead to a decreased body weight in animals and human subjects. thylakoids also decrease the intestinal in vitro uptake of methyl-glucose in the rat. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary thylakoids on the gut microbiota composition, mainly the taxa of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in rats fed either a thylakoid-enriched diet or a ...201325191569
characterization of a potential listeria monocytogenes virulence factor associated with attachment to fresh produce.a study to determine the attachment of l. monocytogenes serotype 4b strain f2365 on vegetables and fruits was conducted. in an initial study, we screened 32 genes encoding surface proteins and lipases of the strain to find highly expressed genes on lettuce leaves. the results showed that transcription levels of lmof2365_0413, lmof2365_0498, lmof2365_0859, lmof2365_2052, and lmof2365_2812 were significantly upregulated on lettuce leaves. in silico analysis showed that lmof2365_0859 contains a put ...201323974144
comparative evaluation of the vidas listeria monocytogenes xpress (lmx) for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in a variety of foods.the vidas listeria monocytogenes xpress (lmx) test is an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay designed for use with the automated vidas or mini-vidas instruments for the specific detection of l. monocytogenes using a 26 h proprietary enrichment broth. the vidas lmx method was validated according to harmonized aoac research institute (ri) and official methods of analysis guidelines in both the aoac performance tested method (ptm) and govval programs. in the ptm comparison studies, the vidas lmx ...201323767344
hurdle enhancement of slightly acidic electrolyzed water antimicrobial efficacy on chinese cabbage, lettuce, sesame leaf and spinach using ultrasonication and water wash.slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) is well known as a good sanitizer against foodborne pathogens on fresh vegetables. however, microbial reductions from saew treatment are not enough to ensure produce safety. therefore, it is necessary to improve its antimicrobial efficiency by combining it with other appropriate approaches. this study examined the microbicidal activity of saew (ph 5.2-5.5, oxidation reduction potential 500-600 mv, available chlorine concentration 21-22 mg/l) on chinese c ...201323764218
mechanical and water barrier properties of agar/κ-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan ternary blend biohydrogel films.multicomponent hydrogel films composed of agar, κ-carrageenan, konjac glucomannan powder, and nanoclay (cloisite(®) 30b) were prepared and their mechanical and water barrier properties such as water vapor permeability (wvp), water contact angle (ca), water solubility (ws), water uptake ratio (wur), water vapor uptake ratio (wvur) were determined. mechanical, water vapor barrier, and water resistance properties of the ternary blend film exhibited middle range of individual component films, howeve ...201323688456
combinatorial optimization of cystine-knot peptides towards high-affinity inhibitors of human matriptase-1.cystine-knot miniproteins define a class of bioactive molecules with several thousand natural members. their eponymous motif comprises a rigid structured core formed by six disulfide-connected cysteine residues, which accounts for its exceptional stability towards thermic or proteolytic degradation. since they display a remarkable sequence tolerance within their disulfide-connected loops, these molecules are considered promising frameworks for peptide-based pharmaceuticals. natural open-chain cy ...201324146945
the endophytic lifestyle of escherichia coli o157:h7: quantification and internal localization in roots.the foodborne pathogen escherichia coli o157:h7 is increasingly associated with fresh produce (fruit and vegetables). bacterial colonization of fresh produce plants can occur to high levels on the external tissue but bacteria have also been detected within plant tissue. however, questions remain about the extent of internalization, its molecular basis, and internal location of the bacteria. we have determined the extent of internalization of e. coli o157:h7 in live spinach and lettuce plants and ...201323506361
the antimicrobial effects of cinnamon leaf oil against multi-drug resistant salmonella newport on organic leafy greens.there is generally no kill-step when preparing salad vegetables, so there is a greater risk for foodborne illness from contaminated vegetables. some essential oils have antimicrobial activities and could provide a natural way to reduce pathogens on fresh produce. the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon oil wash against salmonella enterica serotype newport on organic leafy greens. organic romaine and iceberg lettuce, and organic baby and mature spinac ...201323911760
decontamination of salmonella, shigella, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from leafy green vegetables using edible plant extracts.fresh cilantro, parsley, and spinach are products that are regularly consumed fresh, but are difficult to decontaminate, as a result, they are common vehicles of transmission of enteropathogenic bacteria. in this study, the efficacy of plant extracts as alternatives for disinfection of cilantro, parsley, and spinach that were artificially contaminated with salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella sonnei was determined. edible plant extracts obtained using ethanol as the extraction solv ...201323324049
potassium and ionic strength effects on the conformational and thermal stability of two aldehyde dehydrogenases reveal structural and functional roles of k⁺-binding sites.many aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) have potential potassium-binding sites of as yet unknown structural or functional roles. to explore possible k(+)-specific effects, we performed comparative structural studies on the tetrameric betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aeruginosa (pabadh) and on the dimeric badh from spinach (sobadh), whose activities are k(+)-dependent and k(+)-independent, respectively, although both enzymes contain potassium-binding sites. size exclusion chromatograp ...201323365686
carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc.carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ...201323146312
heavy metal contamination of vegetables in isfahan, iran.vegetables are an inevitable and important part of a healthy and balanced diet. they could be contaminated by heavy metals in many ways including irrigation by sewage water and industrial effluents sewage sludge, vehicular emissions, industrial waste and atmospheric deposition. in this study, we sought to determine if some vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, lettuce, potatoes, onions, carrots, persian leeks, dill, spinach, coriander, parsley) grown locally in the suburban of isfahan city a ...201324459476
transformation of arsenic species during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of vegetables.arsenic is an element widely distributed in the environment, and the diet is the main source of arsenic exposure for most people. however, many of the processes related to steps before intestinal absorption are unknown. this study evaluates the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on pentavalent arsenic forms [as(v), mma(v), dma(v)] present in various vegetables (garlic, broccoli, asparagus, spinach) after soaking or boiling in aqueous solutions of these species. the results showed that ...201324274313
[vitamin c in fruits and vegetables].strong opinion about reducing vitamin c content in traditional cultivars of fruits and vegetables as a result of intensive farming practices, on the one hand, and depletion of soil, waste of fertilizers, on the other hand, takes place. the aim of the study was to assess changes in vitamin c content in fresh vegetables, fruits and berries from the 40s of last century to the present. available national and foreign data from official tables of the chemical composition tables published in different ...201324006751
determination of total sulfur in food samples by solid sampling high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry.the determination of sulfur in food samples via the rotational molecular absorption of carbon monosulfide (cs) was performed using a solid sampling high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ss-hr-cs-etaas). in the presence of plenty of carbon in the graphite furnace as well as in food samples, cs was formed in the gas phase without the addition of any molecule forming element externally. the effects of the wavelength selected to detect cs, graphite furn ...201323635016
spectrophotometric determination of cu(2+) and monitoring of hg(2+) and ni(2+) in some iranian vegetables using 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione.recently, 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione (ndtt) was synthesized in laboratory and used successfully for the spectrophotometric determination of nanogram levels of cu(2+) in aqueous solution. this reagent forms a specific red complex with cu(2+) ions after the extraction by chloroform at alkaline ph. the absorption of the complex in the uv region (313 nm) is about 8 times as strong as in the visible one (510 nm). mercury and nickel ions form yellow complexes with ndtt under the ...201324250566
nmr (¹h) analysis of crude extracts detects light stress in beta vulgaris and spinacia oleracea leaves.in highlight stress conditions, the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (npq) of chlorophyll fluorescence is triggered at the chloroplast level. this process allows thermal quenching of the excessive excitation energy and it is strictly related to the efficiency of the xanthophyll cycle. nowadays, the utilization of the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy provides a powerful complementary way for the identification and quantitative analysis of plant metabolites either in vivo or i ...201323661197
traffic-related trace element fate and uptake by plants cultivated in roadside soils in toronto, canada.this research examines traffic-related trace element emissions and their uptake by plants grown in urban roadside environments in toronto, canada. oregano (origanum vulgare), beets (beta vulgaris) and eggplants (solanum melongena) were cultivated at four locations with variable traffic-related metal inputs in 2010. the top 30 cm of soil at the medium-traffic location was first replaced with a triple mix soil (topsoil, compost and peat) to control for pre-existing contamination. the same soil was ...201323178768
mapping of fluoride endemic area and assessment of f(-1) accumulation in soil and vegetation.the prevalence of fluorosis is mainly due to the consumption of more fluoride (f(-1)) through drinking water, vegetables, and crops. the objective of the study was mapping of f(-1) endemic area of newai tehsil, tonk district, rajasthan, india. for the present study, water, soil (0-45 cm), and vegetation samples were collected from 17 villages. fluoride concentration in water samples ranged from 0.3 to 9.8 mg/l. out of 17 villages studied, the amounts of f(-1) content of eight villages were found ...201322638723
shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in central greece: prevalence and virulence genes of o157:h7 and non-o157 in animal feces, vegetables, and humans.in greece, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) have only been sporadically reported. the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of stec and escherichia coli o157:h7 in farm animals, vegetables, and humans in greece. a total number of 1,010 fecal samples were collected from farm animals (sheep, goats, cattle, chickens, pigs), 667 diarrheal samples from humans, and 60 from vegetables, which were cultured in specific media for stec isolates. enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...201323677425
transfer of escherichia coli o157:h7 to spinach by house flies, musca domestica (diptera: muscidae).filth flies are known mechanical vectors of pathogenic bacteria in hospital and restaurant settings, but their role as vectors for disseminating microbes to plants has not been demonstrated. escherichia coli o157:h7 deposition by flies onto spinach was studied using molecular, microbiological, and microscopy techniques. relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies showed that bacteria acquired by flies from contaminated cattle manure and deposited in regurgitation spots on leaves surv ...201323425236
simultaneous determination of multiresidual phenyl acetanilide pesticides in different food commodities by solid-phase cleanup and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.an efficient and sensitive multiresidue method has been developed for quantification and confirmation of 25 phenyl acetanilide pesticides in a wide variety of food commodities including maize, spinach, mushroom, apple, soybean, chestnut, tea, beef, cattle liver, chicken, fish, and milk. analytes were extracted with acetone-n-hexane (1:2, v/v) followed by cleanup using spe. several types of adsorbents were evaluated. neutral aluminum and graphitized carbon black cartridge showed good cleanup effi ...201323420538
structural characterization of spinacia oleracea trypsin inhibitor iii (soti-iii).in recent decades, several canonical serine protease inhibitor families have been classified and characterized. in contrast to most trypsin inhibitors, those from garden four o'clock (mirabilis jalapa) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) do not share sequence similarity and have been proposed to form the new mirabilis serine protease inhibitor family. these 30-40-amino-acid inhibitors possess a defined disulfide-bridge topology and belong to the cystine-knot miniproteins (knottins). to date, no atom ...201323275169
amaranthus viridis linn., a common spinach, modulates c-reactive protein, protein profile, ceruloplasmin and glycoprotein in experimental induced myocardial infarcted rats.glycoprotein is one of the components of the cardiac extracellular matrix and plays an important role in cardiac remodelling during various cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction (mi). this study was aimed at evaluating the preventive role of amaranthus viridis linn. on c-reactive protein (crp), total protein, albumin, globulin, ceruloplasmin and glycoproteins in the serum and heart of experimental induced myocardial infarcted (mi) rats.201222467439
validation of a commercial elisa for the analysis of the insecticide dinotefuran in a variety of analytically challenging vegetables.the main objective of this paper was to assess the suitability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a rapid and simple screening method for the detection of neonicotinoid insecticide dinotefuran residues in various vegetable samples including carrot, cabbage, green pepper, leek, japanese mustard spinach (komatsuna), and spinach. simple dilution of crude sample extracts was effective to circumvent or reduce matrix interference derived from samples. consequently, elisa was useful to ...201222540267
nitrate determination of vegetables in varzeghan city, north-western iran.background vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. nitrate content is a signifi-cant quality criterion to determine characteristic of vegetables. about 80% of nitrate intake in human is from vegetables and fruits. high dietary intake of nitrate is seen as an undesirable be-cause of its association with gastric cancer and infantile methemoglobinemia. varzeghan, north¬western iran is one of the cities with high age-standardized incidence rates (asr) of gastric can¬cer in iran. curren ...201224688941
purification of an arabidopsis chloroplast extract with in vitro rna processing activity on psba and petd 3'-untranslated regions.the mature 3'-end of many chloroplast mrnas is generated by the processing of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr), which is a mechanism that involves the removal of a segment located downstream an inverted repeat sequence that forms a stem-loop structure. nuclear-encoded chloroplast rna binding proteins associate with the stem-loop to process the 3'-utr or to influence mrna stability. a spinach chloroplast processing extract (cpe) has been previously generated and used to in vitro dissect the bi ...201222189425
arabidopsis csp41 proteins form multimeric complexes that bind and stabilize distinct plastid transcripts.the spinach csp41 protein has been shown to bind and cleave chloroplast rna in vitro. arabidopsis thaliana, like other photosynthetic eukaryotes, encodes two copies of this protein. several functions have been described for csp41 proteins in arabidopsis, including roles in chloroplast rrna metabolism and transcription. csp41a and csp41b interact physically, but it is not clear whether they have distinct functions. it is shown here that csp41b, but not csp41a, is an essential and major component ...201222090436
effects of a variety of food extracts and juices on the specific binding ability of norovirus gii.4 p particles.the effects of 13 food extracts and juices, including shellfish, fruits, and vegetables, on the binding ability of human norovirus (nov) were examined, using p particles of human nov gii.4 as a research surrogate. the enhancements (positive values) or reductions (negative values) of nov p particle detection (changes in optical density at 450 nm) in the presence of different food extracts and juices as compared with p particles diluted in phosphate-buffered saline were tested by saliva-binding, e ...201222980024
quantitative transfer of escherichia coli o157:h7 to equipment during small-scale production of fresh-cut leafy greens.postharvest contamination and subsequent spread of escherichia coli o157:h7 can occur during shredding, conveying, fluming, and dewatering of fresh-cut leafy greens. this study quantified e. coli o157:h7 transfer from leafy greens to equipment surfaces during simulated small-scale commercial processing. three to five batches (22.7 kg) of baby spinach, iceberg lettuce, and romaine lettuce were dip inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of avirulent, green fluorescent protein-labeled, ampicillinre ...201222980000
comparison of the h+/atp ratios of the h+-atp synthases from yeast and from chloroplast.f(0)f(1)-atp synthases use the free energy derived from a transmembrane proton transport to synthesize atp from adp and inorganic phosphate. the number of protons translocated per atp (h(+)/atp ratio) is an important parameter for the mechanism of the enzyme and for energy transduction in cells. current models of rotational catalysis predict that the h(+)/atp ratio is identical to the stoichiometric ratio of c-subunits to β-subunits. we measured in parallel the h(+)/atp ratios at equilibrium of ...201222733773
high resolution crystal structure of rat long chain hydroxy acid oxidase in complex with the inhibitor 4-carboxy-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-1, 2, 3-thiadiazole. implications for inhibitor specificity and drug design.long chain hydroxy acid oxidase (lchao) is responsible for the formation of methylguanidine, a toxic compound with elevated serum levels in patients with chronic renal failure. its isozyme glycolate oxidase (gox), has a role in the formation of oxalate, which can lead to pathological deposits of calcium oxalate, in particular in the disease primary hyperoxaluria. inhibitors of these two enzymes may have therapeutic value. these enzymes are the only human members of the family of fmn-dependent l- ...201222342614
improved folate extraction and tracing deconjugation efficiency by dual label isotope dilution assays in foods.a dual label stable isotope dilution assay was developed to trace the deconjugation efficiency of polyglutamic folate vitamers converted to their monoglutamic analogues. for this purpose, [(13)c(5)]-pteroylheptaglutamate was synthesized and added during extraction of foods as a tracer isotopologue along with [(2)h(4)]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, [(2)h(4)]-5-formyltetrahydrofolate, [(2)h(4)]-tetrahydrofolate, [(2)h(4)]-10-formylfolate, and [(2)h(4)]-folic acid. the [(2)h(4)]-labeled folates were us ...201222235748
substituted n-benzylpyrazine-2-carboxamides: synthesis and biological evaluation.a series of twelve amides was synthesized via aminolysis of substituted pyrazinecarboxylic acid chlorides with substituted benzylamines. compounds were characterized with analytical data and assayed in vitro for their antimycobacterial, antifungal, antibacterial and photosynthesis-inhibiting activity. 5-tert-butyl-6-chloro-n-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (12) has shown the highest antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mic = 6.25 µg/ml), as well as against ...201223132136
reduction in resident microflora, and experimentally inoculated salmonella enterica, on spinach leaves treated with vinegar and canola oil.in this study, we explored the use of vinegar, or vinegar and canola oil as a salad dressing, to reduce bacterial levels on spinach leaves. we found that incubation of spinach leaves with various types of vinegar substantially reduced the predominantly gram-negative microflora. a similar response was observed when spinach leaves were incubated with white vinegar mixed in various proportions with canola oil, as used in salad dressing. we assessed the effects of vinegar, or vinegar and oil, on spi ...201222828283
growth potential of salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes in nine types of ready-to-eat vegetables stored at variable temperature conditions during shelf-life.growth potential (δ) is defined as the difference between the population of a microorganism at the end of shelf-life of specific food and its initial population. the determination of δ of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in rte vegetables can be very useful to determine likely threats to food safety. however, little is known on the behavior of these microorganisms in several rte vegetables. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the δ of both pathogens in nine different types of ...201222561064
validation of the applied biosystems microseq real-time pcr system for detection of e. coli o157:h7 in food.modern molecular methods offer the advantages of simplicity and short time-to-results compared to traditional culture methods. we describe the validation of a new real-time pcr method to detect e. coli o157:h7 in five food matrixes. the complete system consists of the microseq e. coli o157:h7 detection kit, sample preparation (two sample preparation methods, the prepseq nucleic acid extraction kit and the prepseq rapid spin sample preparation kit, were validated), the applied biosystems 7500 fas ...201223175985
mathematical modeling and numerical analysis of the growth of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in spinach leaves.this study was conducted to investigate the growth of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in spinach leaves and to develop kinetic models to describe the bacterial growth. six serogroups of non-o157 stec, including o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145, were used in the growth studies conducted isothermally at 4, 8, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °c. both stec and background microflora were enumerated to develop kinetic models. growth of stec in spinach leaves was observed at elevated ...201223141643
the core of chloroplast nucleoids contains architectural swib domain proteins.a highly enriched fraction of the transcriptionally active chromosome from chloroplasts of spinach (spinacia oleracea) was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify proteins involved in structuring of the nucleoid core. among such plastid nucleoid-associated candidate proteins a 12-kd swib (swi/snf complex b) domain-containing protein was identified. it belongs to a subgroup of low molecular mass swib domain proteins, which in arabidopsis thaliana has six ...201222797472
portable microfluidic chip for detection of escherichia coli in produce and blood.pathogenic agents can lead to severe clinical outcomes such as food poisoning, infection of open wounds, particularly in burn injuries and sepsis. rapid detection of these pathogens can monitor these infections in a timely manner improving clinical outcomes. conventional bacterial detection methods, such as agar plate culture or polymerase chain reaction, are time-consuming and dependent on complex and expensive instruments, which are not suitable for point-of-care (poc) settings. therefore, the ...201222679370
development of a method for the detection of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in food.the growing recognition of the role of non-o157 verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) in foodborne illness underscores the importance of developing methods to detect it in the food supply. we describe here the development of a protocol for the detection, isolation, and characterization of vtec from foods, designed for the serotype-independent enrichment, detection, and isolation of vtec, in combination with rapid characterization of vtec o157, o26, o103, o111, and o145. this study examined the i ...201222564930
presence of faecal coliforms, escherichia coli and diarrheagenic e. coli pathotypes in ready-to-eat salads, from an area where crops are irrigated with untreated sewage water.consumption of ready-to-eat (rte) salads has increased worldwide. consequently, the number of outbreaks caused by food-borne pathogens, including diarrheagenic e. coli pathotypes (deps), associated with the consumption of rte-salads has increased. deps include enterotoxigenic (etec), typical and atypical enteropathogenic (tepec, aepec), enteroinvasive (eiec), enteroaggregative (eaec), diffuse adherent (daec) and shiga toxin-producing (stec) e. coli. in less-developed areas of the world, fresh cr ...201222507628
factors affecting radiation d-values (d₁₀) of an escherichia coli cocktail and salmonella typhimurium lt2 inoculated in fresh produce.this study evaluated the effect of produce type, resuspension medium, dose uniformity ratio (dur), and sample preparation conditions (tissue exposure, map, anoxia) on the d₁₀ -value of an escherichia coli cocktail (baa-1427, baa-1428, and baa-1430) and salmonella typhimurium lt2 inoculated on the surfaces of tomato, cantaloupe, romaine lettuce, and baby spinach. produce at room temperature were irradiated using a 1.35 mev van de graaf electron beam accelerator at 0.2 to 0.9 kgy. the d₁₀-values f ...201222393921
rapid and specific detection of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, o145, and o157 in ground beef, beef trim, and produce by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.escherichia coli o157 and six additional serogroups of shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) (o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145) account for the majority of stec infections in the united states. in this study, o serogroup-specific genes (wzx or wzy) were used to design loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for the rapid and specific detection of these leading stec serogroups. the assays were evaluated in pure culture and spiked food samples (ground beef, beef trim, lettuce, and ...201222327594
isolation of campylobacter from feral swine (sus scrofa) on the ranch associated with the 2006 escherichia coli o157:h7 spinach outbreak investigation in california.we report the isolation of campylobacter species from the same population of feral swine that was investigated in san benito county, california, during the 2006 spinach-related escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak. this is the first survey of campylobacter in a free-ranging feral swine population in the united states. campylobacter species were cultured from buccal and rectal-anal swabs, colonic faeces and tonsils using a combination of selective enrichment and antibiotic-free membrane filtration m ...201222405465
selection and application of endophytic bacterium achromobacter xylosoxidans strain f3b for improving phytoremediation of phenolic pollutants.while phytoremediation has been considered as an in situ bioprocess to remediate environmental contaminants, the application of functional endophytic bacteria within plants remains a potential strategy that could enhance the plants' efficiency in phytoremediation. in this study, 219 endophytes were isolated from plants that are predominantly located in a constructed wetland, including reed (phragmites australis) and water spinach (ipomoea aquatica). twenty-five strains of the isolated endophytes ...201222497718
functional metagenomics of escherichia coli o157:h7 interactions with spinach indigenous microorganisms during biofilm formation.the increase in foodborne outbreaks worldwide attributed to fresh fruit and vegetables suggests that produce may serve as an ecological niche for enteric pathogens. here we examined the interaction of e. coli o157:h7 (eco157) with spinach leaf indigenous microorganisms during co-colonization and establishment of a mixed biofilm on a stainless steel surface. stainless steel surface was selected to mimic the surface of produce-processing equipment, where retention of foodborne pathogens such as ec ...201222957052
ferredoxin containing bacteriocins suggest a novel mechanism of iron uptake in pectobacterium spp.in order to kill competing strains of the same or closely related bacterial species, many bacteria produce potent narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics known as bacteriocins. two sequenced strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum carry genes encoding putative bacteriocins which have seemingly evolved through a recombination event to encode proteins containing an n-terminal domain with extensive similarity to a [2fe-2s] plant ferredoxin and a c-terminal colicin m-like cat ...201222427936
a chloroplastic rna ligase activity analogous to the bacterial and archaeal 2´-5' rna ligase.bacteria and archaea contain a 2'-5' rna ligase that seals in vitro 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester and 5'-hydroxyl rna termini, generating a 2',5'-phosphodiester bond. in our search for an rna ligase able to circularize the monomeric linear replication intermediates of viroids belonging to the family avsunviroidae, which replicate in the chloroplast, we have identified in spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) chloroplasts a new rna ligase activity whose properties resemble those of the bacterial and archa ...201222336712
A single method for recovery and concentration of enteric viruses and bacteria from fresh-cut vegetables.Fresh-cut vegetables are prone to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens during growth, harvest, transport and further processing and handling. As most of these products are generally eaten raw or mildly treated, there is an increase in the number of outbreaks caused by viruses and bacteria associated with fresh vegetables. Foodborne pathogens are usually present at very low levels and have to be concentrated (i.e. viruses) or enriched (i.e. bacteria) to enhance their detection. With this aim, ...201222036077
antimicrobial activity of oregano oil against antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens at varying exposure times and storage temperatures.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oregano oil on four organic leafy greens (iceberg and romaine lettuces and mature and baby spinaches) inoculated with salmonella newport as a function of treatment exposure times as well as storage temperatures. leaf samples were washed, dip inoculated with s. newport (6-log cfu/ml) and dried. oregano oil was prepared at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% concentrations in sterile phosphate buffered saline (pbs). inoculated leaves were immersed in ...201223498188
comparative uptake of enteric viruses into spinach and green onions.root uptake of enteric pathogens and subsequent internalization has been a produce safety concern and is being investigated as a potential route of pre-harvest contamination. the objective of this study was to determine the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) and the human norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv), to internalize in spinach and green onions through root uptake in both soil and hydroponic systems. hav or mnv was inoculated into soil matrices or into two hydroponic systems, float ...201223412715
development of a rapid total nucleic acid extraction method for the isolation of hepatitis a virus from fresh produce.recently, there have been increasing reports of foodborne illnesses associated with the consumption of fresh produce. among these, hepatitis a virus (hav) remains epidemiologically important and has been continually implicated in several outbreaks. we describe a rapid method (<8h) for the isolation and subsequent detection with real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) of the hav hm-175 cytopathic strain seeded onto baby spinach and sliced tomatoes using a total rna extraction method, utilizing a hig ...201223334093
endogenous levels of nitrites and nitrates in wide consumption foodstuffs: results of five years of official controls and monitoring.the massive introduction of nitrogen fertilisers, necessary to maximise the global food production, has brought about an increase of the residual amounts of nitrites and nitrates in the products. notoriously, these compounds may exercise toxic effects. in this work the results obtained from 5years of official controls and monitoring focused on tracing quantifiable amounts of nitrites and nitrates in 1785 samples of meat, dairy, fish products and leafy vegetables are reported. a widespread presen ...201223692764
characterization of the cultivable microbial community in a spinach-processing plant using maldi-tof ms.a better and regular control of the production chain of fresh fruits and vegetables is necessary, because a contamination of the product by human- and phyto-pathogenic microorganisms may result in high losses during storage and poses a threat to human health. therefore, detailed knowledge about the occurrence and the diversity of microorganisms within single processing steps is required to allow target-oriented produce safety control. recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of ...201223541209
mild fe-deficiency improves biomass production and quality of hydroponic-cultivated spinach plants (spinacia oleracea l.).it is of great practical importance to improve yield and quality of vegetables in soilless cultures. this study investigated the effects of iron-nutrition management on yield and quality of hydroponic-cultivated spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). the results showed that mild fe-deficient treatment (1 μm feedta) yielded a greater biomass of edible parts than fe-omitted treatment (0 μm feedta) or fe-sufficient treatments (10 and 50 μm feedta). conversely, mild fe-deficient treatment had the lowest ni ...201223497875
a case-control study of prostatic cancer with reference to dietary habits.a case-control study of prostatic cancer which consisted of 100 patients with prostatic cancer, matched for hospital, age (+/- 3 yr) and hospital admission date (+/- 3 months) to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) and hospital controls, was conducted from 1981 to 1984. low daily intake of beta-carotene (rr = 2.13: 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.77) and of vitamin a (rr = 1.94: 1.10-3.43), as compared to the intake of those substances by bph controls, were factors significantly cor ...20123368406
Variable agronomic practices, cultivar, strain source and initial contamination dose differentially affect survival of Escherichia coli on spinach.Aims: Greenhouse and field trials were conducted under different agronomic practices and inoculum doses of environmental Escherichia coli and attenuated E. coli O157:H7, to comparatively determine whether these factors influence their survival on leaves and within the rhizosphere. Methods and Results: Hydroponic conditions: E. coli spray-inoculated at log 4 CFU ml(-1) was recovered from leaf surfaces at a mean population of 1·6 log CFU g(-1) at 15 days. E. coli O157:H7 sprayed at log 2 or 4 ...201222040351
Distinct Transcriptional Profiles and Phenotypes Exhibited by Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates Related to the 2006 Spinach-Associated Outbreak.In 2006, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat bagged baby spinach in the United States. The likely sources of preharvest spinach contamination were soil and water that became contaminated via cattle or feral pigs in the proximity of the spinach fields. In this study, we compared the transcriptional profiles of 12 E. coli O157:H7 isolates that possess the same two-enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile and are related temporall ...201222081562
Inhibition of biogenic membrane flippase activity in reconstituted ER proteoliposomes in the presence of low cholesterol levels.Biogenic membranes or self-synthesizing membranes are the site of synthesis of new lipids such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes. Newly synthesized phospholipids (PLs) at the cytosolic leaflet of ER need to be translocated to the lumen side for membrane biogenesis and this is facilitated by a special class of lipid translocators called biogenic membrane flippase. Even though ER is the major site of cholesterol synthesis, it contains very low amounts of cholesterol, since newly synt ...201222207336
microbial quality of bagged baby spinach and romaine lettuce: effects of top versus bottom sampling.contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella have called into question the safety and microbial quality of bagged ready-to-eat leafy greens. this study expands on previous findings that these goods have high total bacteria counts (tbc) and coliform counts, variation in counts among different lots, that escherichia coli is present, and disparities in counts when bags are top or bottom sampled. nearly 100 bags of baby spinach and hearts of romaine lettuce from a single brand were su ...201222221365
reduction of food matrix interference by a combination of sample preparation and multi-dimensional gating techniques to facilitate rapid, high sensitivity analysis for escherichia coli serotype o157 by flow cytometry.escherichia coli serotype o157 strains, which may be found in foods, often produce enterohemorrhagic toxins. the research goal was to facilitate rapid, sensitive detection in foods of e. coli serotype o157 by flow cytometry. sample preparation methods were developed for potential use in 15 foods. combined with multi-dimensional gating, these methods decreased time-to-results (ttr) for determination of low-level contamination. they mitigated the effects of interfering food components, concentrate ...201222265313
investigating the spectrum of biological activity of substituted quinoline-2-carboxamides and their isosteres.in this study, a series of thirty-five substituted quinoline-2-carboxamides and thirty-three substituted naphthalene-2-carboxamides were prepared and characterized. they were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against four mycobacterial species. n-cycloheptylquinoline-2-carboxamide, n-cyclohexylquinoline-2-carboxami ...201222233564
a real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of verticillium dahliae in spinach seed.verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungus that causes verticillium wilt on multiple crops in central coastal california. although spinach crops grown in this region for fresh and processing commercial production do not display verticillium wilt symptoms, spinach seed produced in the u.s. or europe are commonly infected with v. dahliae. planting of the infected seed increases the soil inoculum density and may introduce exotic strains that contribute to verticillium wilt epidemics on lettuce and ...201222236050
photosystem i reaction centers from maize bundle-sheath and mesophyll chloroplasts lack subunit iii.photosystem i reaction centers were isolated from mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts of the c4 maize plant. both preparations were found to be free of chlorophyll b and to have the same spectral properties and chlorophyll/p700 ratio as photosystem i reaction centers isolated from c3 plants. photosystem i reaction centers from both mesophyll and bundle sheath were found to consist of six subunits with apparent molecular masses of about 70 kda, 20 kda, 17 kda, 16 kda, 10 kda and 8 kda, corre ...20123527704
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in spinach: genetic and biochemical characterization.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) has a major chloroplastic isozyme of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) and a minor cytosolic one. among a diverse collection of spinach accessions, three electrophoretic banding patterns of chloroplastic badh were found: two were single banded and one was triple banded. genetic analysis of these patterns indicated that chloroplastic badh is encoded by a single, nuclear gene with two alleles, designated slow (s) and fast (f), and that products of these alleles c ...20123377756
metabolism of exogenous long-chain fatty acids by spinach leaves.when applied in liquid paraffin to the upper surface of expanding spinach leaves, [1-14c]palmitic acid was efficiently and exclusively incorporated into the sn-1 position of cellular glycerolipids, principally phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. a slow transfer of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to chloroplast glycolipids subsequently occurred with the positional specificity of the label remaining intact. labeled palmitate at the sn-1 position of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was desatu ...20123426240
location and nucleotide sequence of the pre-apocytochrome f gene on the oenothera hookeri plastid chromosome (euoenothera plastome i)the gene for pre-apocytochrome f has been mapped by blot hybridization on a 2.4 kbp hindiii fragment of the circular plastid chromosome of oenothera hookeri employing probes from the corresponding spinach gene. the gene is located distal to the gene for the atp synthase subunit alpha, at the border of the 45 kbp inversion that distinguishes spinach and oenothera plastid chromosomes. both genes are transcribed in the same direction. nucleotide sequence analysis reveals a single open reading frame ...20123442826
degradation of psbo by the deg protease hhoa is thioredoxin dependent.the widely distributed members of the deg/htra protease family play an important role in the proteolysis of misfolded and damaged proteins. here we show that the deg protease rhhoa is able to degrade psbo, the extrinsic protein of the photosystem ii (psii) oxygen-evolving complex in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 and in spinach. psbo is known to be stable in its oxidized form, but after reduction by thioredoxin it became a substrate for recombinant hhoa (rhhoa). rhhoa cleaved reduced eukaryotic (spe ...201223029195
diet and lifestyle factors associated with fish consumption in men and women: a study of whether gender differences can result in gender-specific confounding.fish consumption and intake of omega-3 fatty acids from fish are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. however, a prospective study from northern sweden showed that high consumption of fish is associated with an increased risk of stroke in men, but not in women. the current study aimed to determine if fish consumption is differently related to lifestyle in men compared with women in northern sweden.201223210480
improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses in transgenic sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) expressing spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.abiotic stresses are critical delimiters for the increased productivity and cultivation expansion of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance. the increased production of glycine betaine (gb) improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses without strong phenotypic changes, providing a feasible approach to improve stable yield production under unfavorable conditions. the gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) is involved in the biosynthesis of gb in ...201222615986
low temperature acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and leaf morphology in the context of phloem loading type.carbon export from leaf mesophyll to sugar-transporting phloem occurs via either an apoplastic (across the cell membrane) or symplastic (through plasmodesmatal cell wall openings) pathway. herbaceous apoplastic loaders generally exhibit an up-regulation of photosynthetic capacity in response to growth at lower temperature. however, acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature by symplastically loading species, whose geographic distribution is particularly strong in tropical and subtropical areas ...201222791016
antioxidant activity of brazilian vegetables and its relation with phenolic composition.vegetables are widely consumed in brazil and exported to several countries. this study was performed to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of vegetables commonly consumed in brazil using five different methods, namely dpph and abts free radical, β-carotene bleaching, reduction of fe(3+) (frap), oxidative stability in rancimat, and the chemical composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the content of phenolic compounds ranged from 1.2 mg ga/g (carrot) to ...201222942744
comparison of different sample preparation procedures for the detection and isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and non-o157 stecs from leafy greens and cilantro.the fda bacteriological analytical manual (bam) method for the detection/isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) involves enrichment of produce rinses, blended homogenates or stomached homogenates. however, the effectiveness of rinsing produce to remove attached bacteria is largely unknown. moreover, pcr inhibitors can be released under physical treatment. the study objective was to determine the relative effectiveness of recovery methods for stec contaminated produce. spinach ...201222986209
diffusion limitations in root uptake of cadmium and zinc, but not nickel, and resulting bias in the michaelis constant.it has long been recognized that diffusive boundary layers affect the determination of active transport parameters, but this has been largely overlooked in plant physiological research. we studied the short-term uptake of cadmium (cd), zinc (zn), and nickel (ni) by spinach (spinacia oleracea) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) in solutions with or without metal complexes. at same free ion concentration, the presence of complexes, which enhance the diffusion flux, increased the uptake of cd and ...201222864584
dietary intake of pollutant aerosols via vegetables influenced by atmospheric deposition and wastewater irrigation.pot culture experiments were conducted to study dietary intake of heavy metals via vegetables, spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) grown under the influence of atmospheric deposition and wastewater irrigation. the results indicated substantial accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables, which contribute significantly to dietary intake of total heavy metals ranging from 1.34 to 110.40 μg g⁻¹ through leaves (spinach), 1.04 to 105.8 ...201222019253
the physiological implications of urease inhibitors on n metabolism during germination of pisum sativum and spinacea oleracea seeds.the development of new nitrogen fertilizers is necessary to optimize crop production whilst improving the environmental aspects arising from the use of nitrogenous fertilization as a cultural practice. the use of urease inhibitors aims to improve the efficiency of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer by preventing its loss from the soil as ammonia. however, although the action of urease inhibitors is aimed at the urease activity in soil, their availability for the plant may affect its urease activity. ...201222405591
raman spectroscopy adds complementary detail to the high-resolution x-ray crystal structure of photosynthetic psbp from spinacia oleracea.raman microscopy permits structural analysis of protein crystals in situ in hanging drops, allowing for comparison with raman measurements in solution. nevertheless, the two methods sometimes reveal subtle differences in structure that are often ascribed to the water layer surrounding the protein. the novel method of drop-coating deposition raman spectropscopy (dcdr) exploits an intermediate phase that, although nominally "dry," has been shown to preserve protein structural features present in s ...201223071614
structural basis of efficient electron transport between photosynthetic membrane proteins and plastocyanin in spinach revealed using nuclear magnetic resonance.in the photosynthetic light reactions of plants and cyanobacteria, plastocyanin (pc) plays a crucial role as an electron carrier and shuttle protein between two membrane protein complexes: cytochrome b(6)f (cyt b(6)f) and photosystem i (psi). the rapid turnover of pc between cyt b(6)f and psi enables the efficient use of light energy. in the pc-cyt b(6)f and pc-psi electron transfer complexes, the electron transfer reactions are accomplished within <10(-4) s. however, the mechanisms enabling the ...201223032988
investigating the interaction between the violaxanthin cycle enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase and the thylakoid membrane.in the present study the interaction between the violaxanthin cycle enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase (zep) and the thylakoid membrane was investigated. isolated, active thylakoid membranes of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) were subjected to different salt and detergent treatments that are generally used to isolate peripheral and integral membrane proteins. these salt and detergent treatments included the use of the salts nabr, na(2)co(3) and tris and the detergents octylglucoside (og) and dodecylmalt ...201222705077
effect of sulfur and nitrogen fertilization on the content of nutritionally relevant carotenoids in spinach ( spinacia oleracea ).spinach is an important dietary source of lutein and β-carotene. their synthesis is closely linked to chlorophyll synthesis and dependent upon an adequate supply of sulfur and nitrogen. soils may become sulfur-deficient during winter because microorganisms convert atmospheric so2 less efficiently to sulfate. the influence of sulfur and nitrogen fertilization on the carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of spinach grown in summer or winter was investigated. carotenoid and chlorophyll levels were po ...201222607490
toxicity effects of olive-mill wastewater on growth, photosynthesis and pollen morphology of spinach plants.olive mill-wastewater (omw), a by-product of the olive oil extraction process, represents a significant environmental problem in mediterranean areas. we studied the impact of omw dilutions (1:10 and 1:20) on growth, photosynthesis, proline and sugar accumulation as well as on pollen morphology of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) plants, to evaluate the application of omw dilutions as pretreatment technique, prior to land disposal. biomass, height, total chlorophyll and leaf area of spinach decline ...201222455663
effect of organic and conventional cropping systems on ascorbic acid, vitamin c, flavonoids, nitrate, and oxalate in 27 varieties of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.).this study was undertaken to compare the levels of ascorbic acid, vitamin c, flavonoids, nitrate, and oxalate in 27 spinach varieties grown in certified organic and conventional cropping systems. liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-(esi)ms/ms) of methanolic extracts of spinach demonstrated 17 flavonoids, including glucuronides and acylated di- and triglycosides of methylated and methylenedioxyderivatives of 6-oxygenated flavonoids. the mean levels of ascorb ...201222393895
amino acid residues critical for the specificity for betaine aldehyde of the plant aldh10 isoenzyme involved in the synthesis of glycine betaine.plant aldehyde dehydrogenase10 (aldh10) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of ω-primary or ω-quaternary aminoaldehydes, but, intriguingly, only some of them, such as the spinach (spinacia oleracea) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh), efficiently oxidize betaine aldehyde (bal) forming the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (gb), which confers tolerance to osmotic stress. the crystal structure of sobadh reported here shows tyrosine (tyr)-160, tryptophan (trp)-167, trp-285, and trp-456 in an arrangeme ...201222345508
n photo-cidnp mas nmr to reveal functional heterogeneity in electron donor of different plant organisms.in plants and cyanobacteria, two light-driven electron pumps, photosystems i and ii (psi, psii), facilitate electron transfer from water to carbon dioxide with quantum efficiency close to unity. while similar in structure and function, the reaction centers of psi and psii operate at widely different potentials with psi being the strongest reducing agent known in living nature. photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-cidnp) in magic-angle spinning (mas) nuclear magnetic resona ...201222303078
protective effect of aqueous extract of spinacia oleracea leaves in experimental paradigms of inflammatory bowel disease.the present study was aimed to assess the protective effect of aqueous extract of spinacia oleracea leaves (aeso 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) in inflammatory bowel disease using acetic acid- and ethanol-induced colitis in mice and indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats. the preliminary phytochemical analysis and further high performance thin layer chromatographic (hptlc) analysis and phytochemical tests of hptlc bands confirmed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in aeso. in acute ora ...201222234676
in situ stabilization remediation of cadmium contaminated soils of wastewater irrigation region using sepiolite.the effects of immobilization remediation of cd-contaminated soils using sepiolite on soil ph, enzyme activities and microbial communities, tclp-cd (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-cd) concentration, and spinach (spinacia oleracea) growth and cd uptake and accumulation were investigated. results showed that the addition of sepiolite could increase soil ph, while the tclp-cd concentration in soil was decreased with increasing sepiolite. the changes of soil enzyme activities and bacteri ...201223520850
dehydrin metabolism is altered during seed osmopriming and subsequent germination under chilling and desiccation in spinacia oleracea l. cv. bloomsdale: possible role in stress tolerance.osmopriming improves seed germination performance as well as stress tolerance. to understand the biochemistry of osmopriming-induced seed stress tolerance, we investigated dehydrin (dhn) accumulation patterns at protein and transcript level (determined by immunoblotting and qpcr) during priming, and subsequent germination under optimal and stress conditions (i.e. chilling and desiccation) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l. cv. bloomsdale) seeds. our data indicate enhanced germination performance o ...201222195574
investigation of the biological properties of (hetero)aromatic thiosemicarbazones.two series of thiosemicarbazone-based iron chelators (twenty-seven compounds) were designed and synthesized using a microwave-assisted approach. quinoline and halogenated phenyl were selected as parent scaffolds on the basis of a similarity search. the lipophilicity of the synthesized compounds was measured using hplc and then calculated. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against eight pathogenic fungal strains. only a few compounds showed moderate activity ag ...201223151918
anti-infective and herbicidal activity of n-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles.in this study, a series of n-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles was prepared according to a recently developed method. twelve compounds were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. primary in vitro screening of the discussed compounds was also performed against fungal, bacterial and mycobacterial species. the biological activities of some compounds were comparable or higher than the standards ph ...201223140987
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 401 - 500 of 3764