Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| paleomicrobiology of human tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is a significant global disease today, so understanding its origins and history is important. it is primarily a lung infection and is transmitted by infectious aerosols from person to person, so a high population density encourages its spread. the causative organism is mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen in the m. tuberculosis complex that also contains closely related species, such as mycobacterium bovis, that primarily infect animals. typical bone lesions occur in abo ... | 2016 | 27726782 |
| suppression of protective responses upon activation of l-type voltage gated calcium channel in macrophages during mycobacterium bovis bcg infection. | the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) strains eliciting drug resistance has necessitated the need for understanding the complexities of host pathogen interactions. the regulation of calcium homeostasis by voltage gated calcium channel (vgccs) upon m. tb infection has recently assumed importance in this area. we previously showed a suppressor role of vgcc during m. tb infections and recently reported the mechanisms of its regulation by m. tb. here in this report, we further charact ... | 2016 | 27723836 |
| innate immune responses after airway epithelial stimulation with mycobacterium bovis bacille-calmette guérin. | mycobacterium bovis bacilli calmette-guerin (bcg) is used as a benchmark to compare the immunogenicity of new vaccines against tuberculosis. this live vaccine is administered intradermal, but several new studies show that changing the route to mucosal immunisation represents an improved strategy. we analysed the immunomodulatory functions of bcg on human neutrophils and primary airway epithelial cells (aecs), as the early events of mucosal immune activation are unclear. neutrophils and the prima ... | 2016 | 27723804 |
| evaluating the efficacy of regionalisation in limiting high-risk livestock trade movements. | many countries implement regionalisation as a measure to control economically important livestock diseases. given that regionalisation highlights the difference in disease risk between animal subpopulations, this may discourage herd managers in low-risk areas from purchasing animals from high-risk areas to protect the disease-free status of their herds. using bovine tuberculosis (btb) in new zealand as a case example, we develop a novel network simulation model to predict how much the frequency ... | 2016 | 27720025 |
| mucosal bcg vaccination induces protective lung-resident memory t cell populations against tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (tb), yet its moderate efficacy against pulmonary tb calls for improved vaccination strategies. mucosal bcg vaccination generates superior protection against tb in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. tissue-resident memory t (trm) cells have been implicated in protective immune responses against viral infections, but the role of trm cells following mycobacterial in ... | 2016 | 27879332 |
| over-expression of the mycobacterial trehalose-phosphate phosphatase otsb2 results in a defect in macrophage phagocytosis associated with increased mycobacterial-macrophage adhesion. | trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (otsb2) is involved in the otsab trehalose synthesis pathway to produce free trehalose and is strictly essential for mycobacterial growth. we wished to determine the effects of otsb2 expression on mycobacterial phenotypes such as growth, phagocytosis and survival in macrophages. mycobacterium bovis-bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) over-expressing otsb2 were able to better survive in stationary phase. over-expression of otsb2 led to a decrease in phagocytosis but n ... | 2016 | 27867377 |
| oral vaccination of cattle with heat inactivated mycobacterium bovis does not compromise bovine tb diagnostic tests. | in this study we investigated whether oral uptake of a heat inactivated m. bovis wildlife vaccine by domestic cattle induced systemic immune responses that compromised the use of tuberculin or defined antigens in diagnostic tests for bovine tb. positive skin test and blood-based ifn-γ release assay (igra) results were observed in all calves vaccinated via the parenteral route (i.e. intramuscular). in contrast, no positive responses to tuberculin or defined antigens were observed in either the sk ... | 2016 | 27863556 |
| test performance of three serological assays for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). | sporadic cases of bovine tuberculosis (btb) have been reported in warthogs in southern africa and confirmed through mycobacterial culture. however, there are no validated ante-mortem tests currently available for btb in warthogs. in this study, we evaluated the use of three serological assays for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in warthogs; an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using bovine purified protein derivative (ppdb) as a capture antigen (indirect ppd elisa ... | 2016 | 27863555 |
| endophthalmitis in a patient treated with bacillus calmette-guérin immunotherapy. | intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) instillation has become one of the mainstays of adjunctive therapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. ophthalmologic complications are rare, but few cases are reported in the literature. | 2016 | 27893591 |
| behaviour of european badgers and non-target species towards candidate baits for oral delivery of a tuberculosis vaccine. | in the uk and the republic of ireland, the european badger (meles meles) is a maintenance host for mycobacterium bovis, and may transmit the infection to cattle causing bovine tuberculosis (tb). vaccination of badgers using an injectable bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine is undertaken in some areas of the uk with the intention of interrupting this transmission, and vaccination research is underway in ireland. an oral badger tb vaccine is also under development. we investigated the behaviour ... | 2016 | 27931935 |
| mycobacterium malmesburyense sp. nov: a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium species revealed by multiple gene sequence characterization. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous in the environment and an increasing number of ntm species have been isolated and characterized from both humans and animals, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these bacteria. host exposure to ntm may impact on cross-reactive immune responsiveness which may affect diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and may also play a role in the variability of the efficacy of mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccination against tuberculosis. in this study we character ... | 2016 | 27926825 |
| overexpression of a mycobacterium ulcerans ag85b-esxh fusion protein in recombinant bcg improves experimental buruli ulcer vaccine efficacy. | buruli ulcer (bu) vaccine design faces similar challenges to those observed during development of prophylactic tuberculosis treatments. multiple bu vaccine candidates, based upon mycobacterium bovis bcg, altered mycobacterium ulcerans (mu) cells, recombinant mu dna, or mu protein prime-boosts, have shown promise by conferring transient protection to mice against the pathology of mu challenge. recently, we have shown that a recombinant bcg vaccine expressing mu-ag85a (bcg mu-ag85a) displayed the ... | 2016 | 27941982 |
| granulomatous prostatitis after intravesical immunotherapy mimicking prostate cancer. | intravesical immunotherapy with attenuated strains of mycobacterium bovis is a widely used therapeutic option in patients with non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. a rare complication of intravesical therapy with the bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine is granulomatous prostatitis, which due to increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen and abnormalities found in transrectal examination of the prostate may suggest concomitant prostate cancer. a case of extensive granu ... | 2016 | 28138411 |
| mycobacterial coinfection and persisting bovine tuberculosis-has the time arrived for a policy review? | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is mainly a disease of cattle, although it continues to infect human populations across the world. operation of a test and slaughter plan in iran since 1981 has lowered the frequency of btb from >5% to <0.14% at the national scale. in 2015, unusual uncontrollable epidemics of btb were detected in two cattle farms in municipal suburbs of qazvin and isfahan. these farms had a tuberculin-test-certified record of btb-free status for the past 5 consecutive years, with no new ... | 2016 | 28043632 |
| microevolution of bcg substrains. | tuberculosis was, and still is, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. thus it still remains a public health priority. nonetheless, without a newly developed vaccine, it is rather unlikely to be easily resolved. the only available vaccine against tuberculosis (bcg) has been used for nearly 100 years. currently a variety of bcg substrains are used by many manufacturers in the world. all these substrains were obtained from a single parental strain of mycobacterium bovis. a ... | 2016 | 28026828 |
| mycobacterium bovis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated-apoptosis by activating irf3 in a murine macrophage cell line. | mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) is highly adapted to macrophages and has developed multiple mechanisms to resist intracellular assaults. however, the host cells in turn deploy a multipronged defense mechanism to control bacterial infection. endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress-mediated apoptosis is one such primary defense mechanism. however, the role of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) between er stress and apoptosis during m. bovis infection is unknown. here, we demonstrate that m. bovis effe ... | 2016 | 28018864 |
| mycobacteria manipulate g-protein-coupled receptors to increase mucosal rac1 expression in the lungs. | mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is currently the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis (tb). bcg mimics m. tuberculosis (mtb) in its persistence in the body and is used as a benchmark to compare new vaccine candidates. bcg was originally designed for mucosal vaccination, but comprehensive knowledge about its interaction with epithelium is currently lacking. we used primary airway epithelial cells (aecs) and a murine model to investigate the initial events of mucosal bcg in ... | 2016 | 28013312 |
| a novel mutation of was gene in a boy with mycobacterium bovis infection at spleen. | wiskott-aldrich syndrome (was) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding was protein (wasp). a scoring system has been used to grade severity of the disease. however, the phenotype of the disease may progress over time, especially in children younger than 2 years of age. here, we report a male child who presented with x-linked thrombocytopenia (xlt). mutation analysis revealed a novel hemizygous 13-bp deletion (c.181_193delgctgagcactgga) on exon 2 of the was ... | 2016 | 27996282 |
| tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens bacteremia with coinfection of mycobacterium bovis pneumonia: case report and literature review. | we describe an immunocompromised patient with tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens bacteremia and coinfection of mycobacterium bovis pneumonia. | 2016 | 27995010 |
| mycobacterium vaccae induces a strong th1 response that subsequently declines in c57bl/6 mice. | mycobacterium (m.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. to understand the host immune responses induced by m. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, c57bl/6 mice were infected with reference strain m. bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) and isolated m. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between m. vaccae and m. bovis bcg revealed that m. vaccae was more malignant than ... | 2016 | 27994210 |
| novel inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis guab2 identified by a target based high-throughput phenotypic screen. | high-throughput phenotypic screens have re-emerged as screening tools in antibiotic discovery. the advent of such technologies has rapidly accelerated the identification of 'hit' compounds. a pre-requisite to medicinal chemistry optimisation programmes required to improve the drug-like properties of a 'hit' molecule is identification of its mode of action. herein, we have combined phenotypic screening with a biased target-specific screen. the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) protein g ... | 2016 | 27982051 |
| bovine tuberculosis: a retrospective study at jos abattoir, plateau state, nigeria. | nigeria has the thirteenth highest burden of human tuberculosis. the current increasing incidence of tuberculosis in humans, particularly in immune-compromised persons, has given interest in the zoonotic importance of mycobacterium bovis in developing countries like nigeria. this study determined the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis as a background information for effective control measures in plateau state in cattle population. | 2016 | 28292159 |
| evaluation the virulence of mycobacterium bovis isolated from milk samples through histopathological study in laboratory animals. | mycobacterium bovis has a broad host range, and it is the principal agent responsible for tuberculosis (tb) in bovine, domestic and wild mammals. m. bovis also infects human, causing zoonotic tb through ingestion, inhalation and, less frequently by contact with mucous membranes and broken skin. zoonotic tb was formerly an endemic disease, usually transmitted to man by consumption of raw cow's milk. it is indistinguishable clinically or pathologically from tb caused by m. tuberculosis. | 2016 | 28043636 |
| tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and workers in some abattoirs of baghdad governorate. | tuberculosis (the white plague) is regarded as one of the most widespread infectious diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death and the most prominent public health problem worldwide. it is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which refers to a group of seven species; one of them known as mycobacterium bovis-the cause of bovine-type tuberculosis-has an exceptionally wide host range. it infects cattle, humans, goats, cats, dogs, buffalo, and deer. many susceptible species, inc ... | 2016 | 28043589 |
| occurrence of zoonotic tuberculosis in occupationally exposed high-risk groups in peshawar, pakistan. | to determine the occurrence of active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) due to mycobacterium bovis in abattoir workers, butchers, livestock farmers, and veterinarians and to document their knowledge and practices regarding bovine tb (btb). | 2016 | 28043585 |
| identification and comparison of genetic pattern of human and cattle m.bovis isolates from zanjan province, by restriction fragment length polymorphism and dna hybridization. | mycobacterium bovis, responsible for bovine tuberculosis is a member of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. this bacterium is responsible for infection in wide range of hosts. bovine tuberculosis is well known as zoonotic tuberculosis in human and is transmitted via consumption of unpasteurized milk, contaminated meat products and also by ingestion of mycobacteria from the environment. the objectives of the present study was to compare the genomic pattern of m. bovis obtained from human subjects ... | 2016 | 28043572 |
| evaluate the efficiency of antigen 60 (a60) protein from bcg strain of mycobacterium bovis as a diagnostic antigen. | tuberculosis (tb) is one of the most common infectious diseases in iran and around the world. diagnosis of this disease in many cases is difficult and often requires the use of paraclinical methods. current diagnostic methods are either too slow or lack enough sensitivity or specificity. several mycobacterial antigens are involved in the complex interaction with the immune system of the host. they can be helpful for mycobacteria diagnosis. antigen 60 (a60) is a thermostable antigen found in the ... | 2016 | 28043570 |
| strain differentiation of 13 indigenous mycobacterium bovis isolates from infected cattle by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | mycobacterium bovis is mainly detected in cattle throughout the world. this bacterium is considered the main causative agent of tuberculosis in man and animals. m. bovis is also reported to be endemic in badgers and in farmed and feral deer. the disease caused by m. bovis is a slow progressive disease with clinical signs not apparent until late in the disease process. key factors for effective control of tuberculosis includes rapid detection, adequate therapy, and contact tracing to halt further ... | 2016 | 28043569 |
| interferon-γ assay, a high-sensitivity, specific and appropriate method for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is an important zoonotic disease that is caused by mycobacterium bovis. eradication efforts in developed countries have reduced the prevalence of this disease significantly. tb can be difficult to diagnose based only on the clinical signs; therefore, it is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test and diagnostic blood tests, including the lymphocyte proliferation assay, the interferon (ifn)-γ assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the aim of thi ... | 2016 | 28043566 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from kermanshah province, iran. | tuberculosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. rapid diagnosis of the disease and identification of species is extremely important for proper treatment of the disease as some species of the complex are resistant to the first-line of tuberculosis drugs. the aim of present study was molecular identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) complex isolates from kermanshah province, iran, which were submitted to the tuberculosis reference laboratory at razi vaccine and ... | 2016 | 28043555 |
| the analysis of exosomal micro-rnas in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages after infection with bacillus calmette-guérin by rna sequencing. | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global threat to human health, especially in low-income countries. the diagnosis of tb is challenging because of the limitations of specificity and sensitivity with the current diagnostics. novel, selective biomarkers for tb would be of great practical value. exosomes are bioactive vesicles with 30-100nm in diameter, which are secreted from almost all cell types and are found in virtually every human body fluid. exosomes transport micro-rnas (mirnas), which are post- ... | 2016 | 28043542 |
| in vitro effects of water-pipe smoke condensate on the endocytic activity of type ii alveolar epithelial cells (a549) with bacillus calmette-guérin. | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health problem and poses immense threats to many populations. the association between tobacco smoke and tb has already been studied. water-pipe smoking has become an increasing problem not only in middle eastern countries but also globally as it is considered by users as being safer than cigarettes. the presence of high levels of toxic substances in water-pipe smoke may be predisposing factors that enhance the incidence of pulmonary disorders in water-pipe smo ... | 2016 | 28043524 |
| in vitro antimycobacterial activity and toxicity of eight medicinal plants against pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial strains. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious public health challenge towards which new hits are urgently needed. medicinal plants remains a major source of new ligands against global infectious illnesses. in our laboratories, we are currently investigating locally used ethnobotanicals for novel compounds against zoonotic tuberculosis. the microplate alamar blue assay (maba) was used to study the anti-tb activity while the celltiter 96® aqueous assay, which is composed ... | 2016 | 28043491 |
| bacillus calmette-guerin strain may not effect recurrence-free survival when used intravesically with interferon-alpha2b for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. | adjuvant intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) remains the standard-of-care for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (nmibc). conflicting reports exist regarding disparate outcomes among bcg strains. we sought to determine whether a difference in recurrence-free survival (rfs) existed between tice bcg and connaught bcg strains used with interferon (ifn) for the treatment of nmbic. | 2016 | 28041998 |
| bovine tuberculosis surveillance system evaluation, greater-accra region, ghana, 2006-2011. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic, zoonotic, multi-species disease of cattle caused by mycobacterium bovis. in developed countries, effective surveillance and enforcement of regulations on btb control resulted in significant reduction of infections in cattle and hence, humans. however, in developing countries, weak surveillance systems affect accurate and timely reporting of btb in humans and cattle. in ghana, transhumance movement of cattle increases the risk of btb importation and spread, ... | 2016 | 28149435 |
| integrated computational prediction and experimental validation identifies promiscuous t cell epitopes in the proteome of mycobacterium bovis. | the discovery of novel antigens is an essential requirement in devising new diagnostics or vaccines for use in control programmes against human tuberculosis (tb) and bovine tuberculosis (btb). identification of potential epitopes recognised by cd4(+) t cells requires prediction of peptide binding to mhc class-ii, an obligatory prerequisite for t cell recognition. to comprehensively prioritise potential mhc-ii-binding epitopes from mycobacterium bovis, the agent of btb and zoonotic tb in humans, ... | 2016 | 28348866 |
| the genomics of mycobacteria. | the species mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis are the causal agents, respectively, of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in animals. both mycobacteria, especially m. bovis, are also important to public health because they can infect humans. in recent years, this and the impact of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis on animal production have led to significant advances in knowledge about both pathogens and their host interactions. this article describes the cont ... | 2016 | 27217180 |
| mesenteric lymph node granulomatous lesions in naturally infected wild boar (sus scrofa) in portugal--histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. | several studies have demonstrated that wildlife reservoirs of mycobacteria are responsible for the maintenance and spreading of the infection to livestock and wildlife counterparts. recent data report the role of wild boar (sus scrofa) as a reservoir for mycobacterium bovis. this study was conducted to evaluate the chronic inflammatory response in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) of wild boar with granulomatous lymphadenitis (n=30). morphological parameters of the lesions were recorded. the expr ... | 2016 | 27090622 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in alpacas (lama pacos) inhabiting the chilean altiplano. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the organism causes disease in both domestically managed and wild ruminant species. south american camelids have a long, shared history with indigenous people in the andes. over the last few decades, increasing numbers of alpacas were exported to numerous countries outside south america. no paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. in this study, individual fecal samples fr ... | 2016 | 27010259 |
| rapid identification of mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis laboratory strains by is900-nested polymerase chain reaction. | mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis (map) causes paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in ruminants. as a species, m. avium comprises m. avium subsp. hominissuis and a number of clones that are known to have evolved from this subspecies, namely m. avium subsp. avium (maa), m. avium subsp. silvaticum, and map. despite the very high genomic similarity of map and maa, the insertion sequence is900, which is 1,451-bp long, is now understood to be exclusively present in 10-20 copies in the genome of ... | 2016 | 28043575 |
| preparation, standardization and in vitro safety testing of mycobacterium nosodes (emtact- polyvalent nosode). | most of the nosodes in the homeopathic pharmacopeia have been sourced from obscure pathological material over a century ago; of which no scientific documentation is available. | 2016 | 27473543 |
| comparative genomics and proteomic analysis of four non-tuberculous mycobacterium species and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: occurrence of shared immunogenic proteins. | the esx and pe/ppe families of proteins are among the most immunodominant mycobacterial antigens and have thus been the focus of research to develop vaccines and immunological tests for diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis, mainly caused by mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), multiple copies of genes encoding homologous proteins have mainly been identified in pathogenic mycobacterium species phylogenically related to myco ... | 2016 | 27375559 |
| proteomics approach to understand reduced clearance of mycobacteria and high viral titers during hiv-mycobacteria co-infection. | environmental mycobacteria, highly prevalent in natural and artificial (including chlorinated municipal water) niches, are emerging as new threat to human health, especially to hiv-infected population. these seemingly harmless non-pathogenic mycobacteria, which are otherwise cleared, establish as opportunistic infections adding to hiv-associated complications. although immune-evading strategies of pathogenic mycobacteria are known, the mechanisms underlying the early events by which opportunisti ... | 2016 | 26332641 |
| hiv-1 subtype c mosaic gag expressed by bcg and mva elicits persistent effector t cell responses in a prime-boost regimen in mice. | over 90% of hiv/aids positive individuals in sub-saharan africa are infected with highly heterogeneous hiv-1 subtype c (hiv-1c) viruses. one of the best ways to reduce the burden of this disease is the development of an affordable and effective prophylactic vaccine. mosaic immunogens are computationally designed to overcome the hurdle of hiv diversity by maximizing the expression of potential t cell epitopes. mycobacterium bovis bcg δpancd auxotroph and modified vaccinia ankara (mva) vaccines ex ... | 2016 | 27427967 |
| fasciola hepatica infection reduces mycobacterium bovis burden and mycobacterial uptake and suppresses the pro-inflammatory response. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, has an annual incidence in cattle of 0.5% in the republic of ireland and 4.7% in the uk, despite long-standing eradication programmes being in place. failure to achieve complete eradication is multifactorial, but the limitations of diagnostic tests are significant complicating factors. previously, we have demonstrated that fasciola hepatica infection, highly prevalent in these areas, induced reduced sensitivity of the standard diagnostic ... | 2016 | 27108767 |
| genotyping and resolution of a case of osteomyelitis in a 16-month-old boy of hispanic/african american ethnicity. | most cases of osteomyelitis in children are caused by staphylococcus aureus, although kingella kingae, various streptococci, and salmonella species also underlie this condition. organisms such as mycobacterium, histoplasma, and cryptococcus are much less commonly identified as etiologic agents in osteomyelitis. this case report describes a 16-month-old boy of hispanic/african american ethnicity who had extensive inflammation of and discharge from his right ankle. imaging studies supported a diag ... | 2016 | 26715611 |
| effect of milk fermentation by kefir grains and selected single strains of lactic acid bacteria on the survival of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | mycobacterium bovis that causes bovine tuberculosis (btb) can be transmitted to humans thought consumption of raw and raw fermented milk products from diseased animals. lactic acid bacteria (lab) used in popular traditional milk products in africa produce anti-microbial compounds that inhibit some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. m. bovis bcg is an attenuated non-pathogenic vaccine strain of m. bovis and the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the fermentation process on the surviva ... | 2016 | 26544204 |
| involvement of il-17a-producing tcr γδ t cells in late protective immunity against pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | interleukin (il)-17a is a cytokine originally reported to induce neutrophil-mediated inflammation and anti-microbial activity. the cd4(+) t cells, which produce il-17a, have been well characterized as th17 cells. on the other hand, il-17a-producing tcr γδ(+) t cells have been reported to participate in the immune response at an early stage of infection with listeria monocytogenes and mycobacterium bovis in mice. however, the involvement of il-17a in protective immunity was not clearly demonstrat ... | 2016 | 27980775 |
| heterologous boosting with recombinant vsv-846 in bcg-primed mice confers improved protection against mycobacterium infection. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major health problem worldwide, and the development of effective vaccines is urgently needed. vaccination strategies based on heterologous prime-boost protocols using mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) as primer and modified vaccinia virus ankara strain expressing the mycobacterial antigen ag85a (mva85a) as booster may increase the protective efficacy of bcg. in addition, vaccination with the recombinant viral vaccine vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-8 ... | 2016 | 27960596 |
| synthesis and biological activity of alkynoic acids derivatives against mycobacteria. | 2-alkynoic acids have bactericidal activity against mycobacterium smegmatis but their activity fall sharply as the length of the carbon chain increased. in this study, derivatives of 2-alkynoic acids were synthesized and tested against fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria. their activity was first evaluated in m. smegmatis against their parental 2-alkynoic acids, as well as isoniazid, a first-line antituberculosis drug. the introduction of additional unsaturation or heteroatoms into the carbon ch ... | 2016 | 26256431 |
| mycobacterium bovis and other uncommon members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | since its discovery by theobald smith, mycobacterium bovis has been a human pathogen closely related to animal disease. at present, m. bovis tuberculosis is still a problem of importance in many countries and is considered the main cause of zoonotic tuberculosis throughout the world. recent development of molecular epidemiological tools has helped us to improve our knowledge about transmission patterns of this organism, which causes a disease indistinguishable from that caused by mycobacterium t ... | 2016 | 28084202 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium africanum in ghana. | mycobacterium africanum comprises two phylogenetic lineages within the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and is an important cause of human tuberculosis (tb) in west africa. the reasons for this geographic restriction of m. africanum remain unclear. here, we performed a prospective study to explore associations between the characteristics of tb patients and the mtbc lineages circulating in ghana. | 2016 | 27506391 |
| comparative proteomics identifies host immune system proteins affected by infection with mycobacterium bovis. | mycobacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) greatly impact human and animal health worldwide. the mycobacterial life cycle is complex, and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood. eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) are natural reservoir hosts for mtbc and a model for mycobacterial infection and tuberculosis (tb). in the wild boar tb model, mycobacterial infection affects the expression of innate and adaptive immune respons ... | 2016 | 27027307 |
| investigation of c-5 alkynyl (alkynyloxy or hydroxymethyl) and/or n-3 propynyl substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs as a new class of antimicrobial agents. | the resurgence of mycobacterial infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently require a new class of agents that are distinct than current therapies. a group of 5-ethynyl (6-10), 5-(2-propynyloxy) (16, 18, 20, 22, 24), 5-(2-propynyloxy)-3-n-(2-propynyl) (17, 19, 21, 23, 25) and 5-hydroxymethyl-3-n-(2-propynyl) (30-33) derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated against mycobacteria [mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobac ... | 2016 | 27665179 |
| chronic gastrointestinal nematode infection mutes immune responses to mycobacterial infection distal to the gut. | helminth infections have been suggested to impair the development and outcome of th1 responses to vaccines and intracellular microorganisms. however, there are limited data regarding the ability of intestinal nematodes to modulate th1 responses at sites distal to the gut. in this study, we have investigated the effect of the intestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri on th1 responses to mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). we found that h. polygyrus infection localized t ... | 2016 | 26819205 |
| evaluation of a novel commercial quaternary ammonium compound for eradication of mycobacteria, hcv and hbv in egypt. | endoscopes are a common source of outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections. it is therefore important to identify high-level disinfectants capable of eliminating or killing all vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, and viruses. aldehydebased disinfectants are most commonly used in clinical practice but resistance has recently been detected and side effects associated with these disinfectants are well documented. in this study, we evaluated virusolve+® eds, a novel quaternary ammonium compound ... | 2016 | 26727900 |
| a quasi-universal medium to break the aerobic/anaerobic bacterial culture dichotomy in clinical microbiology. | in the mid-19th century, the dichotomy between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was introduced. nevertheless, the aerobic growth of strictly anaerobic bacterial species such as ruminococcus gnavus and fusobacterium necrophorum, in a culture medium containing antioxidants, was recently demonstrated. we tested aerobically the culture of 623 bacterial strains from 276 bacterial species including 82 strictly anaerobic, 154 facultative anaerobic, 31 aerobic and nine microaerophilic bacterial species as ... | 2016 | 26577141 |
| cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant protein mpt-64 from a virulent strain of mycobacterium bovis in a prokaryotic system. | tuberculosis (tb) is a zoonotic infectious disease common to humans and animals that is caused by the rod-shaped acid-fast bacterium mycobacterium bovis. rapid and sensitive detection of tb is promoted by specific antigens. virulent strains of the tb complex from m. bovis contain 16 regions of difference (rd) in their genome that encode important proteins, including major protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis 64 (mbt-64, which is a primary immune-stimulating antigen encoded by rd-2. in this stud ... | 2016 | 28043587 |
| dna sequence-selective c8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine-heterocyclic polyamide conjugates show anti-tubercular-specific activities. | new chemotherapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action are in urgent need to combat the tuberculosis pandemic. a library of 12 c8-linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (pbd)-heterocyclic polyamide conjugates (1-12) was evaluated for anti-tubercular activity and dna sequence selectivity. the pbd conjugates were screened against slow-growing mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin and m. tuberculosis h37rv, and fast-growing escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida and rhodococcus sp. rha1 ... | 2016 | 27168314 |
| oral vaccination with a rough attenuated mutant of s. infantis increases post-wean weight gain and prevents clinical signs of salmonellosis in s. typhimurium challenged pigs. | we show that oral inoculation of 14 day old conventional piglets with a rough attenuated salmonella enterica serovar infantis 1326/28ф(r) (serogroup c1), 24h prior to oral challenge with s. enterica serovar typhimurium 4/74 (serogroup b), resulted in significant weight gain (~10%) measured at 14 days post-weaning (38 days of age). two days after challenge the s. typhimurium induced stunting and, in some cases loss, of villi but this was prevented by pre-inoculation with the s. infantis strain. t ... | 2016 | 26850554 |
| selection of nucleic acid aptamers specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains to be a major global health problem, with about 9 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in 2011. for the control of tuberculosis as well as other infectious diseases, who recommended "assured" (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to the end user) diagnostic tools that can easily be maintained and used in developing countries. aptamers are promising tools for developing point-of-care diagnostic assays for t ... | 2016 | 26541162 |
| field trial of an aerially-distributed tuberculosis vaccine in a low-density wildlife population of brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula). | oral-delivery mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine in a lipid matrix has been shown to confer protection against m. bovis infection and reduce the severity of tuberculosis (tb) when fed to brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), the major wildlife vector of bovine tb in new zealand. here we demonstrate the feasibility of aerial delivery of this live vaccine in bait form to an m. bovis-infected wild possum population, and subsequently assess vaccine uptake and field effic ... | 2016 | 27893793 |
| oxidative stress in wild boars naturally and experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros-rns) are important defence substances involved in the immune response against pathogens. an excessive increase in ros-rns, however, can damage the organism causing oxidative stress (os). the organism is able to neutralise os by the production of antioxidant enzymes (ae); hence, tissue damage is the result of an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status. though some work has been carried out in humans, there is a lack of information about the oxida ... | 2016 | 27682987 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium bovis from cattle and human host in mali: expanded genetic diversity. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a contagious, debilitating human and animal disease caused by mycobacterium bovis, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. the study objective were to estimate the frequency of btb, examine genetic diversity of the m. bovis population in cattle from five regions in mali and to determine whether m. bovis is involved in active tuberculosis (tb) in humans. samples from suspected lesions on cattle at the slaughterhouses were collected. mycobacterial smear, cu ... | 2016 | 27439708 |
| left anterior descending coronary artery and multiple peripheral mycotic aneurysms due to mycobacterium bovis following intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin therapy: a case report. | the use of live attenuated intravesicular bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy is a generally accepted safe and effective method for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder. although rare, < 5% of patient's treated with intravesicular bcg therapy may develop potentially serious complications, including localized infections to the genitourinary tract, mycotic aneurysms and osteomyelitis. we present here a case of a 63-year-old male who developed left corona ... | 2016 | 27761190 |
| mosaic structure of mycobacterium bovis bcg genomes as a representation of phage sequences' mobility. | the control of genome stability is relevant for the worldwide bcg vaccine preventing the acute forms of childhood tuberculosis. bcg sub-strains whole genome comparative analysis and revealing the triggers of sub-strains transition were the purpose of our investigation. | 2016 | 28105923 |
| differential cytokine gene expression in granulomas from lungs and lymph nodes of cattle experimentally infected with aerosolized mycobacterium bovis. | the hallmark lesion of tuberculosis in humans and animals is the granuloma. the granuloma represents a distinct host cellular immune response composed of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, often surrounding a caseous necrotic core. within the granuloma, host-pathogen interactions determine disease outcome. factors within the granulomas such as cytokines and chemokines drive cell recruitment, activity, function and ultimately the success or failure of the host's ... | 2016 | 27902779 |
| increased tnf-α/ifn-γ/il-2 and decreased tnf-α/ifn-γ production by central memory t cells are associated with protective responses against bovine tuberculosis following bcg vaccination. | central memory t cell (tcm) and polyfunctional cd4 t cell responses contribute to vaccine-elicited protection with both human and bovine tuberculosis (tb); however, their combined role in protective immunity to tb is unclear. to address this question, we evaluated polyfunctional cytokine responses by cd4 t cell effector/memory populations from bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves by flow cytometry prior to and after aerosol challenge with virulent mycobacterium bovi ... | 2016 | 27799930 |
| interactions between natural killer cells and dendritic cells favour t helper1-type responses to bcg in calves. | vaccination of neonatal calves with bcg induces a significant level of protection from infection with mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. since neonatal vaccination of humans with bcg induces activation of nk cells, and young calves have high circulating numbers of these cells, we hypothesised that nk cells are important in the protective response to bcg. furthermore, since nk cells play a role in shaping adaptive immune responses through interactions with dcs, we in ... | 2016 | 27530534 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor genes and case-control association studies with bovine tuberculosis. | toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 genes play critical roles in host recognition of mycobacterium bovis infection and initiation of innate and adaptive immune response. the present study was aimed at exploring the association of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in tlr2 and tlr4 genes with susceptibility/resistance against bovine tuberculosis (btb) infection in cattle. | 2016 | 27284220 |
| a genome-wide association study for genetic susceptibility to mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cattle identifies a susceptibility qtl on chromosome 23. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) infection in cattle is a significant economic concern in many countries, with annual costs to the uk and irish governments of approximately €190 million and €63 million, respectively, for btb control. the existence of host additive and non-additive genetic components to btb susceptibility has been established. | 2016 | 26960806 |
| relationship of bovine tnf-α gene polymorphisms with the risk of bovine tuberculosis in holstein cattle. | many studies suggest significant genetic variation in the resistance of cattle and humans to infection with mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), the causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. tnf-α promotes inflammation and induces apoptosis in response to mycobacterial infection. the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the tnf-α gene on bovine tuberculosis (btb) susceptibility. we genotyped the tnf-α gene in 74 btb-infected holstein cows and ... | 2016 | 26876219 |
| evidence of co-infection with mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne pathogens in a naturally infected sheep flock. | ticks are responsible for the transmission of pathogens of veterinary importance, including those affecting sheep. the current study was designed to investigate co-infections with tick-borne and other pathogens in a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition using serology and pcr. infection with anaplasma ovis was detected by serology and pcr in 56% of the animals. the presence of rickettsia spp. of the spotted fever group (sfg) was detected by pcr and sequence analysis in 31% of ... | 2016 | 26726806 |
| boosting bcg with inert spores improves immunogenicity and induces specific il-17 responses in a murine model of bovine tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a global pandemic, in both animals and man, and novel vaccines are urgently required. heterologous prime-boost of bcg represents a promising strategy for improved tb vaccines, with respiratory delivery the most efficacious to date. such an approach may be an ideal vaccination strategy against bovine tb (btb), but respiratory vaccination presents a technical challenge in cattle. inert bacterial spores represent an attractive vaccine vehicle. therefore we evaluated whethe ... | 2016 | 27156624 |
| assessing the impact of tailored biosecurity advice on farmer behaviour and pathogen presence in beef herds in england and wales. | the term 'biosecurity' encompasses many measures farmers can take to reduce the risk of pathogen incursion or spread. as the best strategy will vary between settings, veterinarians play an important role in assessing risk and providing advice, but effectiveness requires farmer acceptance and implementation. the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of specifically-tailored biosecurity advice packages in reducing endemic pathogen presence on uk beef suckler farms. one hundred and sixt ... | 2016 | 27931934 |
| co-infection with mycobacterium bovis does not alter the response to bovine leukemia virus in bola drb3*0902, genetically resistant cattle. | high proviral load (hpl) profile in bovine leukemia virus infected animals poses increased risk of transmission, and development of hpl or low proviral load (lpl) profile may be attributed to host genetics. genetic resistance and susceptibility has been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex class ii drb3 gene (bola drb3). the aim of this work was to determine the effect of mycobacterium bovis infection on certain virological and host immunological parameters of blv experimental infectio ... | 2016 | 27892856 |
| new recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg expression vectors: improving genetic control over mycobacterial promoters. | the expression of many antigens, stimulatory molecules, or even metabolic pathways in mycobacteria such as mycobacterium bovis bcg or m. smegmatis was made possible through the development of shuttle vectors, and several recombinant vaccines have been constructed. however, gene expression in any of these systems relied mostly on the selection of natural promoters expected to provide the required level of expression by trial and error. to establish a systematic selection of promoters with a range ... | 2016 | 26850295 |
| the case for live attenuated vaccines against the neglected zoonotic diseases brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis. | vaccination of humans and animals with live attenuated organisms has proven to be an effective means of combatting some important infectious diseases. in fact, the 20th century witnessed tremendous improvements in human and animal health worldwide as a consequence of large-scale vaccination programs with live attenuated vaccines (lavs). here, we use the neglected zoonotic diseases brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis (btb) caused by brucella spp. and mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), respectively, ... | 2016 | 27537413 |
| the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is required for mycobacterium tuberculosis control by macrophages. | sorting of luminal and membrane proteins into phagosomes is critical for the immune function of this organelle. however, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to the spatiotemporal regulation of this process. here, we investigated the role of the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin during phagosome maturation and mycobacterial killing. we show that this receptor is acquired by mycobacteria-containing phagosomes via interactions with the adaptor proteins ap-1 and ggas. interestingly, ... | 2016 | 27389464 |
| virulent mycobacterium bovis beijing strain activates the nlrp7 inflammasome in thp-1 macrophages. | mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in a wide range of mammals, including humans. macrophages are the first line of host defense. they secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (il-1β), in response to mycobacterial infection, but the underlying mechanisms by which human macrophages are activated and release il-1β following m. bovis infection are poorly understood. here we show that the 'nucleotide binding and oligomerization of domain-like receptor (nlr ... | 2016 | 27043315 |
| vaccines directed against microorganisms or their products present during biofilm lifestyle: can we make a translation as a broad biological model to tuberculosis? | tuberculosis (tb) remains as a global public health problem. in recent years, experimental evidence suggesting the relevance of in vitro pellicle (a type of biofilm formed at the air-liquid interface) production as a phenotype mimicking aspects found by mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex bacteria during in vivo infection has started to accumulate. there are still opportunities for better diagnostic tools, therapeutic molecules as well as new vaccine candidates to assist in tb control programs wo ... | 2016 | 26834732 |
| microrna-146a promotes mycobacterial survival in macrophages through suppressing nitric oxide production. | macrophages play a crucial role in host innate anti-mycobacterial defense, which is tightly regulated by multiple factors, including micrornas. our previous study showed that a panel of micrornas was markedly up-regulated in macrophages upon mycobacterial infection. here, we investigated the biological function of mir-146a during mycobacterial infection. mir-146a expression was induced both in vitro and in vivo after mycobacterium bovis bcg infection. the inducible mir-146a could suppress the in ... | 2016 | 27025258 |
| control of mycobacterial infections in mice expressing human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) but not mouse tnf. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is an important cytokine for host defense against pathogens but is also associated with the development of human immunopathologies. tnf blockade effectively ameliorates many chronic inflammatory conditions but compromises host immunity to tuberculosis. the search for novel, more specific human tnf blockers requires the development of a reliable animal model. we used a novel mouse model with complete replacement of the mouse tnf gene by its human ortholog (human tnf [h ... | 2015 | 26123801 |
| immunogenic properties of a bcg adjuvanted chitosan nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine in human dendritic cells. | dengue viruses (denvs) are among the most rapidly and efficiently spreading arboviruses. who recently estimated that about half of the world's population is now at risk for denv infection. there is no specific treatment or vaccine available to treat or prevent denv infections. here, we report the development of a novel dengue nanovaccine (dnv) composed of uv-inactivated denv-2 (uvi-denv) and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin cell wall components (bcg-cwcs) loaded into chitosan nanopar ... | 2015 | 26394138 |
| longevity of mycobacterium bovis in raw and traditional souring milk as a function of storage temperature and dose. | unpasteurised fresh and souring dairy products form an essential component of household diets throughout many rural communities in southern africa. the presence of milk-borne zoonotic pathogens such as mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, constitute a public health threat, especially in remote areas with poor disease surveillance in livestock and highly compromised human health due to hiv/aids. | 2015 | 26121261 |
| nitric oxide production inhibition and anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and halogenated sesquiterpenes from the brazilian red alga laurencia dendroidea j. agardh. | red algae of the genus laurencia j. v. lamouroux are a rich source of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities such as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-microbial as well as anti-bacterial against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 27013803 |
| protective capacity of proteoliposomes from mycobacterium bovis bcg in a mouse model of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases. bcg, the vaccine in use, is not fully protective against tb. in a previous study, we have shown that proteoliposomes (outer membrane extracts), obtained from bcg (plbcg) were able to induce humoral immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens. with the objective to evaluate the protective capability of plbcg alone or as a booster with bcg, a murine model of progressi ... | 2015 | 25671612 |
| lessons learned during the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis from australia. | there are very few international examples of the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis (tb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) from a national cattle population. this paper presents a brief overview of the successful tb eradication programme in australia from 1970, with primary emphasis on lessons of international relevance that were learned from the australian experience. the national brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign ran for 27 years from 1970 to 1997 and has ... | 2015 | 26338937 |
| bcg skin infection triggers il-1r-myd88-dependent migration of epcamlow cd11bhigh skin dendritic cells to draining lymph node during cd4+ t-cell priming. | the transport of antigen from the periphery to the draining lymph node (dln) is critical for t-cell priming but remains poorly studied during infection with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). to address this we employed a mouse model to track the traffic of dendritic cells (dcs) and mycobacteria from the bcg inoculation site in the skin to the dln. detection of bcg in the dln was concomitant with the priming of antigen-specific cd4+ t cells at that site. we found epcamlow cd11bhi ... | 2015 | 26440518 |
| correlates of vaccine-induced protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed in comparative analyses of lymphocyte populations. | a critical hindrance to the development of a novel vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis is a lack of understanding of protective correlates of immunity and of host factors involved in a successful adaptive immune response. studies from our group and others have used a mouse-based in vitro model system to assess correlates of protection. here, using this coculture system and a panel of whole-cell vaccines with varied efficacy, we developed a comprehensive approach to understand correlates o ... | 2015 | 26269537 |
| a new screen for tuberculosis drug candidates utilizing a luciferase-expressing recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guéren. | tuberculosis (tb) is a serious infectious disease caused by a bacterial pathogen. mortality from tuberculosis was estimated at 1.5 million deaths worldwide in 2013. development of new tb drugs is needed to not only to shorten the medication period but also to treat multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tb. mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) grows slowly and only multiplies once or twice per day. therefore, conventional drug screening takes more than 3 weeks. additionally, a biosafety ... | 2015 | 26571296 |
| comparative ser/thr/tyr phosphoproteomics between two mycobacterial species: the fast growing mycobacterium smegmatis and the slow growing mycobacterium bovis bcg. | ser/thr/tyr protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating mycobacterial growth and development. understanding the mechanistic link between protein phosphorylation signaling network and mycobacterial growth rate requires a global view of the phosphorylation events taking place at a given time under defined conditions. in the present study we employed a phosphopeptide enrichment and high throughput mass spectrometry-based strategy to investigate and qualitatively compare the phosphop ... | 2015 | 25904896 |
| prospects in mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette et guérin (bcg) vaccine diversity and delivery: why does bcg fail to protect against tuberculosis? | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) infection leads to active tuberculosis (tb), a disease that kills one human every 18s. current therapies available to combat tb include chemotherapy and the preventative vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette et guérin (bcg). increased reporting of drug resistant m.tb strains worldwide indicates that drug development cannot be the primary mechanism for eradication. bcg vaccination has been used globally for protection against childhood and disseminated tb, ... | 2015 | 26319069 |
| stable expression of lentiviral antigens by quality-controlled recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg vectors. | the well-established safety profile of the tuberculosis vaccine strain, mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), makes it an attractive vehicle for heterologous expression of antigens from clinically relevant pathogens. however, successful generation of recombinant bcg strains possessing consistent insert expression has encountered challenges in stability. here, we describe a method for the development of large recombinant bcg accession lots which stably express the lentiviral antigens ... | 2015 | 25924766 |
| card stabilizes mycobacterial open complexes via a two-tiered kinetic mechanism. | card is an essential and global transcriptional regulator in mycobacteria. while its biological role is unclear, card functions by interacting directly with rna polymerase (rnap) holoenzyme promoter complexes. here, using a fluorescent reporter of open complex, we quantitate rpo formation in real time and show that mycobacterium tuberculosis card has a dramatic effect on the energetics of rnap bound complexes on the m. tuberculosis rrnap3 ribosomal rna promoter. the data reveal that mycobacteriu ... | 2015 | 25697505 |
| applications of bacillus calmette-guerin and recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccines are attenuated live strains of mycobacterium bovis and are among the most widely used vaccines in the world. bcg is proven to be effective in preventing severe infant meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. intravesical instillation of bcg is also a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. in the past few decades, recombinant bcg (rbcg) technology had been extensively applied to develop vaccine candidates for a variety of infectious diseases ... | 2015 | 26268434 |
| prioritisation of wildlife pathogens to be targeted in european surveillance programmes: expert-based risk analysis focus on ruminants. | this study attempted to develop a list of priority pathogens. it is part of a european union (eu) project dedicated to the surveillance of emerging or re-emerging pathogens of wildlife. partners of the consortium established an initial list of 138 pathogens of concern, which was reduced to a smaller list of 65 pathogens likely to affect ruminants (i.e., the most costly animal group in the eu over the last 15 years). these 65 pathogens underwent a two-step, expert-based risk analysis: 92 experts ... | 2015 | 25496774 |
| [differential sensitivity of microorganisms to polyhexamethyleneguanidine]. | factors identified that affect the sensitivity of microorganisms to polyhexamethyleneguanidine (phmg). salts of phmg chloride, valerate, maleate, succinate was to use. test strains of esherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, leptospira interrogans, paenibacillus larvae, mycobacterium bovis, m. avium, m. fortuitum, aspergillus niger and some strains of viruses are taken as objects of research. we have determined that the cytoplasm membrane phospholipids is main "target" for the po ... | 2015 | 26638480 |
| interleukin-17a as a biomarker for bovine tuberculosis. | t helper 17 (th17)-associated cytokines are integral to the immune responses to tuberculosis, initiating both protective and harmful inflammatory responses. the aim of the present study was to evaluate applied aspects of interleukin-17 (il-17) biology in the context of mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. using transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq), numerous th17-associated cytokine genes (including il-17a, il-17f, il-22, il-19, and il-27) were upregulated >9-fold in response to purified protei ... | 2015 | 26677202 |
| mincle, an innate immune receptor, is expressed in urothelial cancer cells of papillomavirus-associated urothelial tumors of cattle. | mincle, macrophage-inducible c-type lectin, is a member of c-type lectin receptors. it plays an important role in anti-mycobacterial and anti-fungal immunity. furthermore it senses dead cells through its primary ligand sap130. | 2015 | 26513724 |