Publications

microbiological analysis of rice cake processing in korea.	this study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination in rice cake materials and products during processing and in the operation environment in nonhazard analysis [and] critical control point factories. furthermore, the environmental health of the processing facilities and the bacterial and fungal contamination on the workers' hands were investigated. pour plate methods were used for enumeration of aerobic plate count (apc), yeast and molds (ym), bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus ...	2016	26735044
vegetative bacillus amyloliquefaciens cells do not confer protection against necrotic enteritis in broilers despite high antibacterial activity of its supernatant against clostridium perfringens in vitro.	in this study, the effect of bacillus amyloliquefaciens on clostridium perfringens was tested in vitro and in vivo. using an agar well diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of b. amyloliquefaciens supernatant was analysed against a large collection of netb-positive and netb-negative c. perfringens strains. although strong growth inhibiting activity was detected against all c. perfringens isolates, it was significantly higher against virulent netb-positive c. perfringens strains compared with ...	2016	27122203
pore-forming activity of clostridial binary toxins.	clostridial binary toxins (clostridium perfringens iota toxin, clostridium difficile transferase, clostridium spiroforme toxin, clostridium botulinum c2 toxin) as bacillus binary toxins, including bacillus anthracis toxins consist of two independent proteins, one being the binding component which mediates the internalization into cell of the intracellularly active component. clostridial binary toxins induce actin cytoskeleton disorganization through mono-adp-ribosylation of globular actin and ar ...	2016	26278641
in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor, against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens.	gepotidacin inhibits bacterial dna replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. the in vitro activities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa, respectively) isolates (mic90, 0.5 μg/ml). the gepotidacin mic90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes ...	2016	26729499
detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene in lambs by loop mediated isothermal amplification.	the loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was standardized for rapid detection of clostridium perfringens.	2016	27051186
enteric pathogens and coinfections in foals with and without diarrhea.	diarrhea is a major clinical problem affecting foals up to 3 months of age. the aim of this study was to identify enteric microorganisms involved in monoinfections and coinfections and the associated virulence factors in healthy and diarrheic foals. diarrheic (d) (n = 56) and nondiarrheic (nd) foals (n = 60) up to three months of age were studied. fecal samples were analyzed for identification of infectious agents (microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses). esche ...	2016	28116290
mechanisms of antibacterial action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against clostridium perfringens and brachyspira hyodysenteriae.	quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) are a class of bioreductive compounds, however, their antibacterial mechanisms are still unclarified. the aim of this study was to assess the ability of two representative qdno drugs, cyadox (cya) and olaquindox (ola), to produce reactive oxide species (ros) in gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens cvcc1125 and gram-negative anaerobe brachyspira hyodysenteriae b204. in addition, the effects of qdnos on the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membran ...	2016	28018297
use of plant extracts as an effective manner to control clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis in poultry.	necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important concern in poultry industry since it causes economic losses, increased mortality, reduction of bird welfare, and contamination of chicken products for human consumption. for decades, the use of in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) has been the main strategy to control intestinal pathogens including clostridium perfringens (cp), the causative agent of ne. however, the use of agps in animal diet has been linked to the emergence and transmission of a ...	2016	27747227
the probiotic butyricicoccus pullicaecorum reduces feed conversion and protects from potentially harmful intestinal microorganisms and necrotic enteritis in broilers.	probiotics which do not result in the development and spread of microbial resistance are among the candidate replacements for antibiotics previously used as growth promotors. in this study the effect of in-feed supplementation of the butyrate producing butyricicoccus pullicaecorum strain 25-3(t) on performance, intestinal microbiota and prevention of necrotic enteritis (ne), a disease caused by clostridium perfringens was evaluated in broilers. for the performance study, day old ross 308 chicks ...	2016	27708624
comparative transcriptome analysis by rnaseq of necrotic enteritis clostridium perfringens during in vivo colonization and in vitro conditions.	necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by netb-positive type a clostridium perfringens is an important bacterial disease of poultry. through its complex regulatory system, c. perfringens orchestrates the expression of a collection of toxins and extracellular enzymes that are crucial for the development of the disease; environmental conditions play an important role in their regulation. in this study, and for the first time, global transcriptomic analysis was performed on ligated intestinal loops in chic ...	2016	27520106
cloning, purification and characterization of the collagenase cola expressed by bacillus cereus atcc 14579.	bacterial collagenases differ considerably in their structure and functions. the collagenases colh and colg from clostridium histolyticum and cola expressed by clostridium perfringens are well-characterized collagenases that cleave triple-helical collagen, which were therefore termed as ´true´ collagenases. cola from bacillus cereus (b. cereus) has been added to the collection of true collagenases. however, the molecular characteristics of b. cereus cola are less understood. in this study, we id ...	2016	27588686
multiplex detection of nine food-borne pathogens by mpcr and capillary electrophoresis after using a universal pre-enrichment medium.	routine microbiological quality analyses in food samples require, in some cases, an initial incubation in pre-enrichment medium. this is necessary in order to ensure that small amounts of pathogenic strains are going to be detected. in this work, a universal pre-enrichment medium has been developed for the simultaneous growth of bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli, enterobacteriaceae family (38 species, 27 genera), listeria mono ...	2015	26579100
clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin binds to membrane lipids and its cytotoxic action depends on sulfatide.	epsilon toxin (etx) is one of the major lethal toxins produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, being the causal agent of fatal enterotoxemia in animals, mainly sheep and goats. etx is synthesized as a non-active prototoxin form (proetx) that becomes active upon proteolytic activation. etx exhibits a cytotoxic effect through the formation of a pore in the plasma membrane of selected cell targets where etx specifically binds due to the presence of specific receptors. however, the identit ...	2015	26452234
blurred lines: pathogens, commensals, and the healthy gut.		2015	26664968
a novel cofactor-binding mode in bacterial imp dehydrogenases explains inhibitor selectivity.	the steadily rising frequency of emerging diseases and antibiotic resistance creates an urgent need for new drugs and targets. inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (imp dehydrogenase or impdh) is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. impdh catalyzes the oxidation of imp to xmp with the concomitant reduction of nad(+), which is the pivotal step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. potent inhibitors of bacterial impdhs have been identified that bind in a stru ...	2015	25572472
dna sequence signatures for rapid detection of six target bacterial pathogens using pcr assays.	using streptococcus pyogenes as a model, we previously established a stepwise computational workflow to effectively identify species-specific dna signatures that could be used as pcr primer sets to detect target bacteria with high specificity and sensitivity. in this study, we extended the workflow for the rapid development of pcr assays targeting enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, clostridium tetani, and staphylococcus aureus, which are ...	2015	26279626
functional analysis of a bacitracin resistance determinant located on icecp1, a novel tn916-like element from a conjugative plasmid in clostridium perfringens.	bacitracins are mixtures of structurally related cyclic polypeptides with antibiotic properties. they act by interfering with the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. in this study, we analyzed an avian necrotic enteritis strain of clostridium perfringens that was resistant to bacitracin and produced netb toxin. we identified a bacitracin resistance locus that resembled a bacitracin resistance determinant from enterococcus faecalis. it contained the structural genes bcrabd and a putative reg ...	2015	26282424
characterization of clostridium perfringens tpel toxin gene carriage, production, cytotoxic contributions, and trypsin sensitivity.	large clostridial toxins (lcts) are produced by at least four pathogenic clostridial species, and several lcts are proven pivotal virulence factors for both human and veterinary diseases. tpel is a recently identified lct produced by clostridium perfringens that has received relatively limited study. in response, the current study surveyed carriage of the tpel gene among different c. perfringens strains, detecting this toxin gene in some type a, b, and c strains but not in any type d or e strain ...	2015	25824828
diet is a major factor governing the fecal butyrate-producing community structure across mammalia, aves and reptilia.	butyrate-producing bacteria have an important role in maintaining host health. they are well studied in human and medically associated animal models; however, much less is known for other vertebrata. we investigated the butyrate-producing community in hindgut-fermenting mammalia (n = 38), aves (n = 8) and reptilia (n = 8) using a gene-targeted pyrosequencing approach of the terminal genes of the main butyrate-synthesis pathways, namely butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase (but) and butyrate kinas ...	2015	25343515
in vitro antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol and their effects on broiler chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens.	in the post-antibiotic era, essential oils (eo) are promising alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of an eo product and its components thymol and carvacrol in vitro, and the efficacy of eo to control clostridium perfringens challenge in broiler chickens.	2015	26705471
hygienisation and nutrient conservation of sewage sludge or cattle manure by lactic acid fermentation.	manure from animal farms and sewage sludge contain pathogens and opportunistic organisms in various concentrations depending on the health of the herds and human sources. other than for the presence of pathogens, these waste substances are excellent nutrient sources and constitute a preferred organic fertilizer. however, because of the pathogens, the risks of infection of animals or humans increase with the indiscriminate use of manure, especially liquid manure or sludge, for agriculture. this p ...	2015	25786255
selection of bacillus spp. for cellulase and xylanase production as direct-fed microbials to reduce digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens proliferation using an in vitro digestive model in different poultry diets.	previously, our laboratory has screened and identified bacillus spp. isolates as direct-fed microbials (dfm). the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cellulase and xylanase production of these isolates and select the most appropriate bacillus spp. candidates for dfm. furthermore, an in vitro digestive model, simulating different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, was used to determine the effect of these selected candidates on digesta viscosity and clostridium perfringens p ...	2015	26664954
improvement of immunity and disease resistance in the nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, by dietary supplementation with bacillus amyloliquefaciens.	probiotics can be used as immunostimulants in aquaculture. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses of nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus following feeding with bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores at concentrations of 1 × 10(6) (g3) and 1 × 10(4) (g2) colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g) of feed compared with a basal diet with no probiotics (g1). a total of 180 fingerlings (27.7 ± 0.22 g) were divided into three groups (g1-g3 of 20 fish per group) in triplicate. innate immunitie ...	2015	25783002
characterization of deep sea fish gut bacteria with antagonistic potential, from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark).	the bacterial isolates from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark) gut were screened for antagonistic activity by cross-streak method and disc diffusion assay. this study focuses on strain btss-3, which showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria including salmonella typhimurium, proteus vulgaris, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus macerans and bacillus pumilus. btss3 was subjected to phenotypic characterization using bio ...	2015	25740801
epidemiological and pathobiological profiles of clostridium perfringens infections: review of consecutive series of 33 cases over a 13-year period.	although clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is well known as the causative agent of several forms of enteric disease, precise epidemiological and pathobiological aspects are still unknown.	2015	25755747
enteric bacteria isolated from diarrheal patients in korea in 2014.	the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea according to season, region of isolation, patient age, and sex as well as to provide useful data for the prevention of diarrheal disease.	2015	26473090
a study on characterization of new bacteriocin produced from a novel strain of lactobacillus spicheri g2 isolated from gundruk- a fermented vegetable product of north east india: a novel bacteriocin production from lactobacillus spicheri g2.	bacteriocin producing lactobacillus spicheri g2, isolated from gundruk - a traditional fermented vegetable product of north east india. l. spicheri g2 identified by morphological, biochemical techniques followed by 16s rrna gene technique. the 16sr rna sequence of bacteriocin producer is registered in ncbi under accession no. jx481912. the bacteriocin producing potential of l. spicheri is being reported for the first time in the present investigation. bacteriocin of l. spicheri g2 showed strong ...	2015	26344995
characterization of the spore-forming bacillus cereus sensu lato group and clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from the australian dairy farm environment.	the bacillus cereus sensu lato group and clostridium perfringens are spore-forming bacteria often associated with food spoilage and which can cause emetic and diarrheal syndromes in humans and ruminants. this study characterised the phenotypes and genotypes of 50 bacillus cereus s. l. isolates and 26 clostridium perfringens isolates from dairy farms environments in victoria, australia.	2015	25881096
antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts.	foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ...	2015	25856120
microbiological diversity and prevalence of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in commercial fermented alcoholic beverages (beer, fruit wine, refined rice wine, and yakju).	the present study examined 469 commercially available fermented alcoholic beverages (fabs), including beer (draft, microbrewed, and pasteurized), fruit wine (grape and others), refined rice wine, and yakju (raw and pasteurized). samples were screened for escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica), and the aerob ...	2015	25836410
expert elicitation as a means to attribute 28 enteric pathogens to foodborne, waterborne, animal contact, and person-to-person transmission routes in canada.	enteric illness contributes to a significant burden of illness in canada and globally. understanding its sources is a critical step in identifying and preventing health risks. expert elicitation is a powerful tool, used previously, to obtain information about enteric illness source attribution where information is difficult or expensive to obtain. thirty-one experts estimated transmission of 28 pathogens via major transmission routes (foodborne, waterborne, animal contact, person-to-person, and ...	2015	25835810
spirotetronate antibiotics with anti-clostridium activity from actinomadura sp. 2eps.	the rare actinomycetes strain 2eps was isolated from soil and analysis of cultural, morphological characteristics, diaminopimelic acid content of its cell wall, and 16s rrna gene sequence indicates that 2eps belongs to genus actinomadura. in addition, neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree also confirmed the relationships of this strain to other members of actinomadura. a butanol extract with antibacterial activity was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to obtain three bioactive compounds, de ...	2015	25543910
effect of packaging technology on microbiological and sensory quality of a cooked blood sausage, morcela de arroz, from monchique region of portugal.	morcela de arroz (ma), a popular portuguese blood sausage, with high ph and water activity (aw), is traditionally commercialized without preservatives and unpacked. this study evaluated the best packaging solution to extend ma shelf life stored at 4±1°c for 44days: without packaging (wp), vacuum (vp) and modified atmosphere packaging (map) (80% co2; 20% n2). mesophilic (mtvc), psychrotrophic (ptvc), lactic acid bacteria (lab), pseudomonads, molds and yeasts, enterobacteriaceae, listeria monocyto ...	2015	25462380
residues involved in the pore-forming activity of the clostridium perfringens iota toxin.	clostridium perfringens iota toxin is a binary toxin that is organized into enzyme (ia) and binding (ib) components. ib forms channels in lipid bilayers and mediates the transport of ia into the target cells. here we show that ib residues 334-359 contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues forming two amphipathic β-strands involved in membrane insertion and channel formation. this stretch of amino acids shows remarkable structural and functional analogies with ...	2015	25266274
modeling the synergistic antibacterial effects of honey characteristics of different botanical origins from the sahara desert of algeria.	honey has multiple therapeutic properties due to its composition with diverse components.	2015	26594206
diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the firmicutes.	sporulation allows bacteria to survive adverse conditions and is essential to the lifecycle of some obligate anaerobes. in bacillus subtilis, the sporulation-specific sigma factors, σ(f), σ(e), σ(g), and σ(k), activate compartment-specific transcriptional programs that drive sporulation through its morphological stages. the regulation of these sigma factors was predicted to be conserved across the firmicutes, since the regulatory proteins controlling their activation are largely conserved. howev ...	2015	25646759
effects of co-fermented pleurotus eryngii stalk residues and soybean hulls by aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.	soybean hulls are a by-product of soybean processing for oil and meal production; pleurotus eryngii stalk residues (pesr) are by-products of the edible portion of the fruiting body enriched in bioactive metabolites. this study evaluated the effects of co-fermented pesr and soybean hulls with aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. the in vitro experimental results showed that xylananse and mannanase activity of solid-state fermented soybean hulls (10 ...	2015	26467005
antibiotic susceptibility pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from surgical site infection of hospitalized patients.	surgical site infections (ssis) are infections of incision or deep tissue at operation sites. these infections prolong hospitalization, delay wound healing, and increase the overall cost and morbidity.	2015	26421133
structure and inhibition of microbiome β-glucuronidases essential to the alleviation of cancer drug toxicity.	the selective inhibition of bacterial β-glucuronidases was recently shown to alleviate drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in mice, including the damage caused by the widely used anticancer drug irinotecan. here, we report crystal structures of representative β-glucuronidases from the firmicutes streptococcus agalactiae and clostridium perfringens and the proteobacterium escherichia coli, and the characterization of a β-glucuronidase from the bacteroidetes bacteroides fragilis. while largely ...	2015	26364932
persistent hyperglycemia modulates gut immune function and microbiota in rats.	since hyperglycemia-induced cellular dysfunction could be associated with alterations of the immune system, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia augments the aberrant immune responses such as inflammation and differentiation of cd4(+) t lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), and induces alterations of microbiota both under physiological and pathological conditions.	2015	26207186
production of human metabolites by gastrointestinal bacteria as a potential source of post-mortem alteration of antemortem drug/metabolite concentrations.	previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial species are capable of transforming complex chemical substances. several of these species, native to the human gastrointestinal tract, are active in postmortem decomposition. they have potential to cause biotransformations affecting compound-to-metabolite ratios within the human body, especially after death. investigation of postmortem effects could supply valuable information, especially concerning compound identification and confirmation. the p ...	2015	24665046
development of intestinal microflora and occurrence of diarrhoea in sucking foals: effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation.	almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and cryptosporidium are discussed. but little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. the present study investigated whether the supplementation with bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foa ...	2015	25889817
characteristics of metroxylon sagu resistant starch type iii as prebiotic substance.	resistant starch type iii (rs3 ) was produced from sago (metroxylon sagu) and evaluated for its characteristics as a prebiotic. two rs3 samples designated sago rs and hcl-sago rs contained 35.71% and 68.30% rs, respectively, were subjected to hydrolyses by gastric juice and digestive enzymes and to absorption. both sago rs and hcl-sago rs were resistant to 180 min hydrolysis by gastric acidity at ph 1 to 4 with less than 0.85% hydrolyzed. both samples were also resistant toward hydrolysis by gas ...	2015	25739421
computing smallest intervention strategies for multiple metabolic networks in a boolean model.	this article considers the problem whereby, given two metabolic networks n1 and n2, a set of source compounds, and a set of target compounds, we must find the minimum set of reactions whose removal (knockout) ensures that the target compounds are not producible in n1 but are producible in n2. similar studies exist for the problem of finding the minimum knockout with the smallest side effect for a single network. however, if technologies of external perturbations are advanced in the near future, ...	2015	25684199
application of artificial intelligence to the prediction of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils.	essential oils (eos) are vastly used as natural antibiotics in complementary and alternative medicine (cam). their intrinsic chemical variability and synergisms/antagonisms between its components make difficult to ensure consistent effects through different batches. our aim is to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks (anns) for the prediction of their antimicrobial activity. methods. the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of 49 eos, extracts, and/or fractions was extracted ...	2015	26457111
first detection of macrorhabdus ornithogaster in wild eurasian siskins (carduelis spinus) in germany. a case study.	the colonization of the gastric ascomycetous yeast macrorhabdus (m.) ornithogaster could be associated with a chronic wasting disease in several bird species in captivity. the prevalence and clinical relevance of m. ornithogaster in wild birds is unknown in detail.	2015	25804259
acute cholecystitis associated with infection of enterobacteriaceae from gut microbiota.	acute cholecystitis (ac) is one of the most common surgical diseases. bacterial infection accounts for 50% to 85% of the disease's onset. since there is a close relationship between the biliary system and the gut, the aims of this study were to characterize and determine the influence of gut microbiota on ac, to detect the pathogenic microorganism in the biliary system, and to explore the relationship between the gut and bile microbiota of patients with ac. a total of 185 713 high-quality sequen ...	2015	26025761
impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level.	the use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. a prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in québec, canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs b ...	2015	26047674
claudin-related intestinal diseases.	with up to 200 m(2) the human intestine is the organ with the largest absorptive surface of the body. it is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that separates the host from the environment. the intestinal epithelium provides both, selective absorption of nutrients, ions, and water but also a highly effective barrier function which includes the first line of defense against environmental antigens. the paracellular part of this barrier function is provided by tight junction (tj) proteins, ...	2015	25999319
effect of oxygen stress on growth and survival of clostridium perfringens, campylobacter jejuni, and listeria monocytogenes under different storage conditions.	this study investigated the growth and survival of three foodborne pathogens (clostridium perfringens, campylobacter jejuni, and listeria monocytogenes) in beef (7% fat) and nutrient broth under different oxygen levels. samples were tested under anoxic (<0.5%), microoxic (6 to 8%), and oxic (20%) conditions during storage at 7 °c for 14 days and at 22 °c for 5 days. two initial inoculum concentrations were used (1 and 2 log cfu per g of beef or per ml of broth). the results show that c. perfring ...	2015	25836393
pathological and bacteriological characterization of neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology.	neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology has been reported from a number of countries. this study investigated 50 diarrhoeic and 19 healthy piglets from 10 affected swedish herds. the piglets were blood-sampled for analysis of serum γ-globulin and necropsied, and the intestines were sampled for histopathology and cultured for escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile. escherichia coli isolates (n = 276) were examined by pcr for virulence genes encoding lt, sta, ...	2015	26272503
clostridium sordellii genome analysis reveals plasmid localized toxin genes encoded within pathogenicity loci.	clostridium sordellii can cause severe infections in animals and humans, the latter associated with trauma, toxic shock and often-fatal gynaecological infections. strains can produce two large clostridial cytotoxins (lccs), tcsl and tcsh, related to those produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium novyi and clostridium perfringens, but the genetic basis of toxin production remains uncharacterised.	2015	25981746
iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in kenyan infants.	in-home iron fortification for infants in developing countries is recommended for control of anaemia, but low absorption typically results in >80% of the iron passing into the colon. iron is essential for growth and virulence of many pathogenic enterobacteria. we determined the effect of high and low dose in-home iron fortification on the infant gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation.	2015	25143342
cyclophilin-facilitated membrane translocation as pharmacological target to prevent intoxication of mammalian cells by binary clostridial actin adp-ribosylated toxins.	clostridium botulinum c2 toxin, clostridium perfringens iota toxin and clostridium difficile cdt belong to the family of binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins and are composed of a binding/translocation component and a separate enzyme component. the enzyme components adp-ribosylate g-actin in the cytosol of target cells resulting in depolymerization of f-actin, cell rounding and cell death. the binding/translocation components bind to their cell receptors and form complexes with the respective en ...	2015	25058685
detection of pathogenic clostridia in biogas plant wastes.	as the number of biogas plants has grown rapidly in the last decade, the amount of potentially contaminated wastes with pathogenic clostridium spp. has increased as well. this study reports the results from examining 203 biogas plant wastes (bgws). the following clostridium spp. with different frequencies could be isolated via a new enrichment medium (krüne medium) and detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms): clostridium perfringens ...	2015	24984829
solution structure and dna binding of the catalytic domain of the large serine resolvase tnpx.	the transfer of antibiotic resistance between bacteria is mediated by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. tnpx is a member of the large serine recombinase subgroup of site-specific recombinases and is responsible for the excision and insertion of mobile genetic elements that encode chloramphenicol resistance in the pathogens clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile. tnpx consists of three structural domains: domain i contains the catalytic site, whereas domains ii ...	2015	25720550
a possible route for foodborne transmission of clostridium difficile?	spores of toxigenic clostridium difficile and spores of food-poisoning strains of clostridium perfringens show a similar prevalence in meats. spores of both species are heat resistant and can survive cooking of foods. c. perfringens is a major cause of foodborne illness; studies are needed to determine whether c. difficile transmission by a similar route is a cause of infection.	2015	25599421
clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and clostridium difficile toxin a/b do not play a role in acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs.	although an association between clostridial pathogens and canine idiopathic acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (ahds) has been described, the relevance of those bacteria and their toxins remains unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severity of clinical signs and presence of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and clostridium difficile toxin a/b (cdt a/b) in faeces of dogs with ahds. faecal samples of 54 dogs with idiopathic ahds were tested by qualitati ...	2015	25467148
novel receptors for bacterial protein toxins.	while bacterial effectors are often directly introduced into eukaryotic target cells by various types of injection machines, toxins enter the cytosol of host cells from endosomal compartments or after retrograde transport via golgi from the er. a first crucial step of toxin-host interaction is receptor binding. using optimized protocols and new methods novel toxin receptors have been identified, including metalloprotease adam 10 for staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, laminin receptor lu/bcam for esc ...	2015	25461573
cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domain-containing pyrophosphatase as a target for diadenosine polyphosphates in bacteria.	among numerous proteins containing pairs of regulatory cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domains, family ii pyrophosphatases (cbs-ppases) are unique in that they generally contain an additional drtgg domain between the cbs domains. adenine nucleotides bind to the cbs domains in cbs-ppases in a positively cooperative manner, resulting in enzyme inhibition (amp or adp) or activation (atp). here we show that linear p(1),p(n)-diadenosine 5'-polyphosphates (apnas, where n is the number of phosphate resi ...	2015	26400082
roles of asp179 and glu270 in adp-ribosylation of actin by clostridium perfringens iota toxin.	clostridium perfringens iota toxin is a binary toxin composed of the enzymatically active component ia and receptor binding component ib. ia is an adp-ribosyltransferase, which modifies arg177 of actin. the previously determined crystal structure of the actin-ia complex suggested involvement of asp179 of actin in the adp-ribosylation reaction. to gain more insights into the structural requirements of actin to serve as a substrate for toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation, we engineered saccharomyces ...	2015	26713879
claudin-4 binder c-cpe 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a mapk pathway.	the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. it also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. however, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of c-cpe remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. the c-cpe mutant called c-cpe 194 binds only to claudin-4, but the c-cpe 194 mutant called c-cpe m19 binds not only to claudin-4 but also to claudin-1. in the present study, ...	2015	27022469
clostridium perfringens infections - a diagnostic challenge.		2015	26475898
clostridium perfringens liver abscess complicated by bacteremia.		2015	26465182
binding of clostridium perfringens to collagen correlates with the ability to cause necrotic enteritis in chickens.	this study investigated the ability of clostridium perfringens isolates derived from chickens to bind to collagen types i-v and gelatin. in total 21 strains from three distinct backgrounds were studied: (i) virulent strains isolated from birds suffering from necrotic enteritis, (ii) avirulent strains isolated from birds suffering from necrotic enteritis and (iii) strains isolated from healthy birds. all strains isolated from diseased birds had been assessed for virulence in a disease induction m ...	2015	26455806
[toxins of clostridium perfringens as a natural and bioterroristic threats].	clostridium perfringens is absolutely anaerobic rod-shaped, sporeforming bacterium. the morbidity is connected with producing toxins. depending on the type of toxin produced clostridium perfringens can be divided into five serotypes:a-e. under natural conditions, this bacterium is responsible for local outbreaks of food poisoning associated with eating contaminated food which which was improperly heat treated. some countries with lower economic level are endemic foci of necrotizing enteritis cau ...	2015	26449576
rationale design of quorum-quenching peptides that target the virsr system of clostridium perfringens.	in clostridium perfringens, a 5-membered thiolactone peptide acts as an autoinducing peptide (aipcp) to activate the virsr two-component signal transduction system, which in turn controls the expression of genes encoding multiple toxins, including α, θ and κ. to develop anti-pathogenic agents against virulent c. perfringens, quorum-quenching peptides were rationally designed based on the structure-activity relationship (sar) data on aipcp. alanine scanning study of aipcp suggested that trp(3) an ...	2015	26443835
clostridium perfringens type-d enterotoxaemia in cattle: the diagnostic significance of intestinal epsilon toxin.	the aims of this study were to describe 42 cases of clostridium perfringens type-d enterotoxaemia in cattle seen between 2003 and 2014 and to determine the diagnostic value of detecting epsilon toxin in bovine intestinal content. all cases in the series had histological brain changes considered pathognomonic for c. perfringens type-d enterotoxaemia in sheep and goats and the epsilon toxin of c. perfringens was concurrently detected in the intestinal contents of 15 (36 per cent) cases. the data f ...	2015	26428898
differences in major bacterial populations in the intestines of mature broilers after feeding virginiamycin or bacitracin methylene disalicylate.	the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of feeding virginiamycin or bacitracin methylene disalicylate (bmd), two in-feed antibiotics typically used by commercial poultry producers in the united states, on the chicken gastrointestinal microbiota.	2015	26425940
antibiotic sensitivity of clostridium perfringens isolated from faeces in tabriz, iran.	clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that produces at least 16 virulence factors including 12 toxins (α-ν), enterotoxin, hemolysin and neuraminidase, can create variable pathogenic condition, ranging from a food poisoning to life-threatening myonecrosis. among c. perfringens strains, resistance to the drug choices such as penicillin as well as to alternatives of penicillin like metronidazole and clindamycin has also been observed.	2015	26421135
evaluation of a novel human igg1 anti-claudin3 antibody that specifically recognizes its aberrantly localized antigen in ovarian cancer cells and that is suitable for selective drug delivery.	membrane protein claudin3 has been recently suggested as a marker for biologically aggressive tumors and a possible target for the therapeutic delivery of active anti-cancer compounds. claudin3-binding molecules such as the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), cpe-related molecules, and murine and chimeric antibodies have shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical oncological settings. we first engineered a fully human anti-claudin3 igg1 antibody (iggh6) by fusing the human igg1 fc- ...	2015	26416446
dietary capsicum and curcuma longa oleoresins increase intestinal microbiome and necrotic enteritis in three commercial broiler breeds.	three commercial broiler breeds were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with capsicum and curcuma longa oleoresins, and co-infected with eimeria maxima and clostridium perfringens to induce necrotic enteritis (ne). pyrotag deep sequencing of bacterial 16s rrna showed that gut microbiota compositions were quite distinct depending on the broiler breed type. in the absence of oleoresin diet, the number of operational taxonomic units (otus), was decreased in infected cobb, and increased in ross ...	2015	26412535
fumonisins affect the intestinal microbial homeostasis in broiler chickens, predisposing to necrotic enteritis.	fumonisins (fbs) are mycotoxins produced by fusarium fungi. this study aimed to investigate the effect of these feed contaminants on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition, and to evaluate whether fbs predispose broilers to necrotic enteritis. one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into a group fed a control diet, and a group fed a fbs contaminated diet (18.6 mg fb1+fb2/kg feed). a significant increase in the plasma sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in the fbs-treated group (0.21 ± 0. ...	2015	26394675
modelling pathogen log10 reduction values achieved by activated sludge treatment using naïve and semi naïve bayes network models.	risk management for wastewater treatment and reuse have led to growing interest in understanding and optimising pathogen reduction during biological treatment processes. however, modelling pathogen reduction is often limited by poor characterization of the relationships between variables and incomplete knowledge of removal mechanisms. the aim of this paper was to assess the applicability of bayesian belief network models to represent associations between pathogen reduction, and operating conditi ...	2015	26342914
rna-seq profiles of immune related genes in the spleen of necrotic enteritis-afflicted chicken lines.	the study aimed to compare the necrotic enteritis (ne)-induced transcriptome differences between the spleens of marek's disease resistant chicken line 6.3 and susceptible line 7.2 co-infected with eimeria maxima/clostridium perfringens using rna-seq. total rna from the spleens of two chicken lines were used to make libraries, generating 42,736,296 and 42,617,720 usable reads, which were assembled into groups of 29,897 and 29,833 mrna genes, respectively. the transcriptome changes were investigat ...	2015	26323406
pathogens and pharmaceuticals in source-separated urine in ethekwini, south africa.	in ethekwini, south africa, the production of agricultural fertilizers from human urine collected from urine-diverting dry toilets is being evaluated at a municipality scale as a way to help finance a decentralized, dry sanitation system. the present study aimed to assess a range of human and environmental health hazards in source-separated urine, which was presumed to be contaminated with feces, by evaluating the presence of human pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and an antibiotic resistance gene. c ...	2015	26302215
role of p2x7 receptor in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin-mediated cellular injury.	clostridium perfringens beta-toxin is a pore-forming toxin (pft) and an important agent of necrotic enteritis and enterotoxemia. we recently reported that beta-toxin strongly induced cell death in thp-1 cells via the formation of oligomers. we here describe that the p2x(7) receptor, which is an atp receptor, interacts with beta-toxin.	2015	26299247
analysis of the intestinal microbial community structure of healthy and long-living elderly residents in gaotian village of liuyang city.	gaotian, one typical conservative village in rural area of south china, is differentiated from other adjacent village for its longevity and health situation of residents. to ascertain the difference of intestinal microbial community between gaotian and other region, high-throughput sequencing and systematical bioinformation analyses was adopted to compare 21 samples in long life group with 28 in control group. the α diversity showed that the diversity of species of intestinal flora of gaotian vi ...	2015	26298698
low prevalence of netb and tpel in historical clostridium perfringens isolates from broiler farms in alabama.	the discovery of novel clostridium perfringens toxins netb and tpel has initiated questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis of disease. however, data showing the prevalence of these genes in c. perfringens populations are limited to certain geographical areas. if netb and tpel are important virulence factors for disease worldwide, one would expect to find these genes in isolates from other regions as well. to address this hypothesis, c. perfringens isolates collected from alabama broile ...	2015	26292533
a multifactorial analysis of the extent to which eimeria and fishmeal predispose broiler chickens to necrotic enteritis.	necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important infectious disease in chickens. predisposing factors play critical roles both in disease outbreaks in the field and in models for experimental induction of disease. systematic manipulation and study of predisposing factors help to optimize methods for the experimental reproduction of disease. the nature of such factors may play a confounding role in challenge models and, therefore, warrant investigation to determine their importance in industry-relevant ne ...	2015	26292532
increase of clostridium perfringens in association with eimeria in haemorrhagic enteritis in japanese beef cattle.	a coprological survey with detailed clinical observation of naturally occurring haemorrhagic enteritis (he) cases was conducted to understand the pathophysiology of he by clarifying the infection status of eimeria and enteropathogenic bacteria in cattle. faecal samples from 55 cases of he and 26 clinically normal animals were collected, and a quantitative examination of eimeria and potential enteropathogenic bacteria was performed. the number of eimeria species oocysts per gram of faeces (opg) e ...	2015	26286947
wastewater treatment by a modular, domestic-scale reedbed system for safe horticultural irrigation.	the aim of the study was to assess the sequential treatment performance of a commercial, domestic-scale modular reedbed system intended to provide safe horticultural irrigation water. previously only mechanical treatment systems involving forced aeration with subsequent disinfection, usually by tablet-chlorination, had been accredited in australia. the modular design of the hybrid, subsurface-flow reedbed system offered 5 control points where monitoring and management of the treatment train coul ...	2015	26282758
necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs is associated with increased density of intestinal mucosa-associated bacteria including clostridium perfringens.	necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is associated with changes in the luminal gut microbiota. it is not known whether the mucosa-associated microbiota is affected by nec and stimulates inflammatory lesions.	2015	26278554
hydrogen production at high faradaic efficiency by a bio-electrode based on tio2 adsorption of a new [fefe]-hydrogenase from clostridium perfringens.	the [fefe]-hydrogenase cphyda from clostridium perfringens was immobilized by adsorption on anatase tio2 electrodes for clean hydrogen production. the immobilized enzyme proved to perform direct electron transfer to and from the electrode surface and catalyses both h2 oxidation (h2 uptake) and h2 production (h2 evolution) with a current density for h2 evolution of about 2 ma cm(-1). the tio2/cphyda bioelectrode remained active for several days upon storage and when a reducing potential was set, ...	2015	26278509
nani sialidase, ccpa, and cody work together to regulate epsilon toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718.	clostridium perfringens type d strains are usually associated with diseases of livestock, and their virulence requires the production of epsilon toxin (etx). we previously showed (j. li, s. sayeed, s. robertson, j. chen, and b. a. mcclane, plos pathog 7:e1002429, 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002429) that bmc202, a nani null mutant of type d strain cn3718, produces less etx than wild-type cn3718 does. the current study proved that the lower etx production by strain bmc202 is due ...	2015	26260460
toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens isolates from mutton, beef and chicken meat.	a total of 300 meat samples comprising mutton, beef, and chicken meat (n = 100) collected from either local butcher shops or large meat outlets situated at various areas of lahore city located in punjab province of pakistan were tested for the isolation of clostridium perfringens. prevalence of the organism was highest in the chicken (6 %) followed by mutton (5 %) and beef (1 %). contamination level was high (10/150) in the samples collected from local butcher shops in comparison to the samples ...	2015	26243960
comparative analysis of extractable proteins from clostridium perfringens type a and type c strains showing varying degree of virulence.	the prevailing scenario of bioterrorism warrants development of medical countermeasures with expanded coverage of select agents. clostridium perfringens is a pathogen of medical, veterinary and military importance, and has been listed as validated biological agent. we employed 2de-ms approach to identify a total of 134 unique proteins (529 protein spot features) from the extractable proteome of four type a and type c strains. proteins showing altered expression under host-simulated conditions fr ...	2015	26238688
evaluation of antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine shrimp cytotoxic potential of crude methanolic extract of herb ocimum basilicum (lamiacea).	to collect and screen for ethnopharmacological properties (antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine lethality assays) of medicinal plan ocimum basilicum from peshawar region (34.008 latitude and 71.57 altitudes).	2015	26237837
intravascular hemolysis and septicemia due to clostridium perfringens emphysematous cholecystitis and hepatic abscesses.	context. clostridium perfringens septicemia is often associated with translocation from the gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tract and occurs in patients who have malignancy or are immunocompromised. clostridium perfringens septicemia is usually fatal without early identification, source control, and antibiotics. case. we present a case of a 65-year-old female with clostridium perfringens septicemia secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis, with progression to hepatic abscesses. conclusion. sep ...	2015	26229537
novel application of vacuum sealing drainage with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate for managing infective wounds of gas gangrene.	traumatic gas gangrene is a fatal infection mainly caused by clostridium perfringens. it is a challenge to manage gas gangrene in open wounds and control infection after debridement or amputation. the aim of the present study was to use vacuum sealing drainage (vsd) with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate to manage infective wounds of gas gangrene and observe its clinical efficacy. a total of 48 patients with open traumatic gas gangrene infection were included in this study. amputat ...	2015	26223928
safety, beneficial and technological properties of enterococcus faecium isolated from brazilian cheeses.	this study aimed to characterize the safety and technological properties of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from brazilian coalho cheeses. high levels of co-aggregation were observed between enterococcus faecium strains em485 and em925 and both escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens . both strains presented low levels of hydrophobicity. e. faecium em485 and em925 were both able to grow in the presence of 0.5% of the sodium salts of taurocholic acid (tc), taurodeoxycholic acid (tdc), ...	2015	26221113
comparison of the effect of curing ingredients derived from purified and natural sources on inhibition of clostridium perfringens outgrowth during cooling of deli-style turkey breast.	the antimicrobial impact of purified and natural sources of both nitrite and ascorbate were evaluated against clostridium perfringens during the postthermal processing cooling period of deli-style turkey breast. the objective of phase i was to assess comparable concentrations of nitrite (0 or 100 ppm) and ascorbate (0 or 547 ppm) from both purified and natural sources. phase ii was conducted to investigate concentrations of nitrite (50, 75, or 100 ppm) from cultured celery juice powder and ascor ...	2015	26219366
assessing the performance of clostridium perfringens cooling models for cooked, uncured meat and poultry products.	heat-resistant spores of clostridium perfringens may germinate and multiply in cooked meat and poultry products when the rate and extent of cooling does not occur in a timely manner. therefore, six cooling models (pmp 7.0 broth model; pmip uncured beef, chicken, and pork models; smith-schaffner version 3; and uk ifr combase perfringens predictor) were evaluated for relative performance in predicting growth of c. perfringens under dynamic temperature conditions encountered during cooling of cooke ...	2015	26219365
clostridium sacroiliitis (gas gangrene) following sacroiliac joint injection--case report and review of the literature.	an 80-year-old woman presented with chronic lumbosacral pain since her laminectomy and instrumentation 10 years ago. examination was consistent with left sacroiliitis, and the patient underwent an elective left sacroiliac joint injection. two days following her procedure she fell and landed on her left hip and on the next day, she presented to the emergency room with acutely worsening left gluteal pain. on evaluation in the emergency department, she was found to be suffering from a fever, headac ...	2015	26218953
nanr, a transcriptional regulator that binds to the promoters of genes involved in sialic acid metabolism in the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens.	among many other virulence factors, clostridium perfringens produces three sialidases nanh, nani and nanj. nanh lacks a secretion signal peptide and is predicted to be an intracellular enzyme, while nani and nanj are secreted. previously, we had identified part of an operon encoding nane (epimerase) and nana (sialic acid lyase) enzymes. further analysis of the entire operon suggests that it encodes a complete pathway for the transport and metabolism of sialic acid along with a putative transcrip ...	2015	26197388
evaluation of ice slurries as a control for postharvest growth of vibrio spp. in oysters and potential for filth contamination.	raw oyster consumption is the most common route of exposure for vibrio spp. infections in humans. vibriosis has been increasing steadily in the united states despite efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease. research has demonstrated that ice is effective in reducing postharvest vibrio spp. growth in oysters but has raised concerns of possible contamination of oyster meat by filth (as indicated by the presence of fecal coliform bacteria or clostridium perfringens). this study examined the ...	2015	26197291
chlorinated water modulates the development of colorectal tumors with chromosomal instability and gut microbiota in apc-deficient mice.	the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to a variety of chemicals and commensal bacteria. recent studies have shown that changes in gut microbial populations caused by chlorine or other chemicals in the drinking water influence the development of human colorectal cancer, although the mechanism of tumorigenesis in the gut epithelium is obfuscated by the diversity of microflora and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. in this regard, mouse models that recapitulate human colorectal ...	2015	26186212
veal calves produce less antibodies against c. perfringens alpha toxin compared to beef calves.	enterotoxaemia is a disease with a high associated mortality rate, affecting beef and veal calves worldwide, caused by c. perfringens alpha toxin and perfringolysin. a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the dynamics of antibodies against these toxins in 528 calves on 4 beef and 15 veal farms. the second study aimed to determine the effect of solid feed intake on the production of antibodies against alpha toxin and perfringolysin. the control group only received milk replacer, whereas ...	2015	26184311
high-throughput sequencing reveals differing immune responses in the intestinal mucosa of two inbred lines afflicted with necrotic enteritis.	we investigated the necrotic enteritis (ne)-induced transcripts of immune-related genes in the intestinal mucosa of two highly inbred white leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2, which share the same mhc haplotype and show different levels of ne susceptibility using high-throughput rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology. ne was induced by the previously described co-infection model using eimeria maxima and clostridium perfringens. the rna-seq generated over 38 million sequence reads for mare ...	2015	26182861
evaluation of an ultrafiltration-based procedure for simultaneous recovery of diverse microbes in source waters.	in this study, hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (uf) was assessed for recovery of escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens spores, cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, echovirus 1, and bacteriophages ms2 and φx174 from ground and surface waters. microbes were seeded into twenty-two 50-l water samples that were collected from the southeastern united states and concentrated to ∼500 ml by uf. secondary concentration was performed for c. parvum by centrifugation followed by immunomagnetic separation. second ...	2015	26530003