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purification and partial characterization of two proteinases from clostridium butyricum m 55.clostridium butyricum m55 proteinases were purified by application of a multistep procedure involving ethanol precipitation, deae cellulose chromatography and molecular sieving. the purified enzymes obtained were called proteinase i and proteinase ii. they appeared to be homogeneous when examined by molecular sieving and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the highly purified proteinases were studied for their physico-chemical properties. the influences of ph, temperature, ionic strength and ami ...19883293333
isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether lipid from clostridium butyricum: the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine.we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether phospholipid in clostridium butyricum grown on petroselinic acid in the absence of biotin. the results of quantitative analyses of hydrolytic products, selective hydrolysis by mild acid or phospholipase c, 1h-, 13c-, and 31p-nmr, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (fabms) have resulted in the determination of the structure of this lipid as a phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. smaller amounts of ...19883382687
2h-nmr studies on ether lipid-rich bacterial membranes: deuterium order profile of clostridium butyricum.palmitic acid specifically deuterated at different carbon atoms, has been incorporated biosynthetically into the membrane lipids of clostridium butyricum. the lipids of this organism are rich in plasmalogens and their glycerol acetals and exhibit an unusual fatty acyl and alkenyl chain distribution with saturated chains mainly at the sn-2 position and unsaturated chains at the sn-1 position. the ordering of the deuterated hydrocarbon chains in whole cells was measured with deuterium nuclear magn ...19873580370
regulation of bilayer stability in clostridium butyricum: studies on the polymorphic phase behavior of the ether lipids.three of the major phospholipids of the cell membrane of clostridium butyricum are phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), plasmenylethanolamine (plae), and the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. when cultured in the absence of biotin in media supplemented with a cis-unsaturated fatty acid, the cellular lipids become highly enriched with the fed fatty acid. under these conditions, the ratio of the glycerol acetal of plae to the sum of pe plus plae increases markedly over that seen in cells contain ...19873606994
transphosphatidylation activity in clostridium butyricum. evidence for a secondary pathway by which membrane phospholipids may be synthesized and modified.membrane particles from clostridium butyricum, incubated with triton x-100 and 32p-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, or phosphatidylserine, resulted in the labeling of three phospholipids. these unknown phospholipids incorporated label from the phosphate and acyl chains of the substrate, but not from the head group. two-dimensional tlc of the intact lipids and their deacylation products showed that these lipids were phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and the previously unrepor ...19873611063
lipid shape as a determinant of lipid composition in clostridium butyricum. the effects of incorporation of various fatty acids on the ratios of the major ether lipids.the lipid composition of clostridium butyricum is strongly influenced by the aliphatic chain compositions of the membrane lipids. growth on cis-monounsaturated fatty acids in the absence of biotin was shown to affect the relative proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmenylethanolamine, and the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine most strongly, with smaller effects on the acidic lipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. the ratio of the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine to ...19873663673
methodological aspects of a serodiagnostic clostridium tumour test--experience with spontaneous canine tumours.the paper describes the development of appropriate antigen and method combinations for the microbiological cancer test using the non-oncolysing strain clostridium butyricum cnrz 528 in dogs with spontaneous tumours. the diagnostic rod antibodies could be determined quantitatively by the complement fixation test if a short-time warm fixation and a long-time cold fixation procedure were combined in separate runs and if two different antigens, a rod corpuscular antigen and a rod surface antigen, we ...19873673339
deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the plasmalogens and the glycerol acetals of plasmalogens of clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii.deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the structure of different lipid fractions isolated from the anaerobic bacteria clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii. the fractions isolated from c. butyricum were (1) phosphatidylethanolamine/plasmenylethanolamine and (2) the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine, and from c. beijerinckii similar fractions containing principally (1) phosphatidyl-n-monomethylethanolamine, along with its plasmalogen, and (2) the glycero ...19873676294
bifidobacterium, bacteroides, and clostridium spp. in fecal samples from breast-fed and bottle-fed infants with and without iron supplement.bifidobacterium, bacteroides, and clostridium spp. isolated from the feces of 23 neonates during the first 3 months of life were identified. of the 23 neonates, 10 were breast fed, 6 received an infant formula with iron supplement (5 mg/liter), and 7 received the formula without iron supplement (iron concentration, less than 0.5 mg/liter). the bifidobacterium spp. most frequently isolated from the three groups of infants were b. longum, b. breve, b. adolescentis, and b. bifidum. the bacteroides ...19873818925
[biological activity of a polar lipid of clostridium butyricum spores].a fraction of polar lipids was isolated from spores of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium butyricum 35/11 exerting a noticeable radioprotective effect. the main biological activity of spore extracts was associated with this fraction. the fraction of polar lipids inhibited autolysis of the bacterial cell walls. the fraction was found to contain a phenolic glycolipid and a peptide component. the bacteriostatic and radiotherapeutic properties of the fraction are presumed to be due to its membranot ...19863821590
two cases of type e infant botulism caused by neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum in italy.the first two confirmed cases of type e infant botulism occurred in two 16-week-old girls in rome, italy. the original diagnosis for the first patient was intestinal blockage due to an ileocecal invagination, which was treated surgically. postoperatively, the patient became unresponsive and required ventilatory assistance. a diagnosis of infant botulism was then made. the second infant presented to the same hospital 7 1/2 months later with profound weakness, hypotonicity, mydriasis, and areflexi ...19863722863
[clostridium butyricum and bacteroides distasonis peritonitis in a child treated by peritoneal dialysis. usefulness of anaerobic culture after filtration]. 19862954070
characterization of an organism that produces type e botulinal toxin but which resembles clostridium butyricum from the feces of an infant with type e botulism.the apparent causative organism from the only reported case of type e infant botulism was isolated and characterized. except for its ability to produce type e botulinal toxin, this organism (strain 5262) would be unquestionably identified as clostridium butyricum. this is the second time an organism resembling a defined clostridium species other than a member of the c. botulinum group has been implicated in infant botulism.19863517043
mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria.the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins, and blocking of the penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is the production of beta-lactamase. beta-lactamases in various bacteroides, fusobacterium, and clostridium species have been described. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is most commonly mediated by the pro ...19863541135
changes in the cell wall of clostridium species following passage in animals.morphological changes in clostridial isolates after animal passage with other flora in mixed infections were studied by utilizing a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. we used 26 isolates of 7 clostridial species, and one isolate each of bacteroides fragilis and klebsiella pneumoniae. abscesses were induced by all 7 clostridium perfringens and 3 clostridium butyricum isolates and by some of the other isolates. a thick granular wall prior to animal inoculation was shown only in c. perfringens, c. ...19862876678
the glioblastoma multiforme: a lifelong challenge to the neurosurgeon.during a period of 34 years 1316 gliomas of the brain have been treated, among them 508 glioblastomas (= 39%). in addition to the operative removal and postoperative x-ray therapy of glioblastomas various attempts have been undertaken to prevent recurrences: intracerebral application of cobalt60 (6 patients); locally applied antimitotic agents (76 patients); bacterial liquefaction induced by intracarotid administration of clostridium butyricum m 55 spores ("oncolysis", 67 patients); circumscribe ...19863008012
microbial ecophysiology of whey biomethanation: characterization of bacterial trophic populations and prevalent species in continuous culture.the organization and species composition of bacterial trophic groups associated with lactose biomethanation were investigated in a whey-processing chemostat by enumeration, isolation, and general characterization studies. the bacteria were spatially organized as free-living forms and as self-immobilized forms appearing in flocs. three dominant bacterial trophic group populations were present (in most probable number per milliliter) whose species numbers varied with the substrate consumed: hydrol ...198616346970
identification of restriction fragments from two cryptic clostridium butyricum plasmids that promote the establishment of a replication-defective plasmid in bacillus subtilis.clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 carries two cryptic plasmids, pcb101 (6.05 kbp) and pcb102 (7.8 kbp). sites for the restriction enzymes ecori, ecorv, hindiii, clai and psti have been found in one or both of these plasmids and their relative positions determined. restriction fragments from both plasmids have been inserted into a vector plasmid (pjab1) that is able to replicate in escherichia coli but not in bacillus subtilis and the recombinant plasmids have been established in e. coli. a 3.3 kbp ...19852997368
beta-lactamases in anaerobic bacteria.the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins and blocked penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamase. beta-lactamases in various bacteroides, fusobacterium and clostridium species have been described. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is most commonly mediated by beta-lactamase produc ...19853877980
phospholipid aliphatic chain composition modulates lipid class composition, but not lipid asymmetry in clostridium butyricum.the phospholipid composition of the butyric acid-producing clostridia is responsive to the degree of enrichment of the lipids with cis-unsaturated fatty acids. when clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii are grown on oleic acid in media devoid of biotin, the acyl and alk-1-enyl chains of the phospholipids become highly enriched with 18:1 and c19-cyclopropane. under these conditions there is a marked increase in the glycerol acetals of the major plasmalogens of these organisms. we hav ...19853970912
experimental cecitis in gnotoxenic chickens monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.an animal model for clostridium butyricum necrotizing cecitis has been developed in axenic chickens inoculated orally between 2 and 50 days of life. cecitis was obtained with two c. butyricum strains isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and not with a clostridium beijerinckii strain from dairy products; the rate of colonization of the intestinal tract by this strain was lower than that obtained with c. butyricum strains. the clinical findings showed a slow gain in body weight. the ce ...19853972448
[the pyrogenicity of spore suspensions of clostridium butyricum]. 19853991790
lesions produced by clostridium butyricum strain cb 1002 in ligated intestinal loops in guinea pigs.heated spores (80 degrees c, 10 min) of clostridium butyricum strain cb 1002 isolated from a fatal case of necrotising enterocolitis in a human neonate were inoculated into ligated intestinal loops prepared in young conventional guinea pigs. necropsy findings 18 h later included congestion, patchy haemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa and bacteraemia. no abnormalities were observed in control loops given inocula of inactivated spores (heated at 100 degrees c for 10 min) or tyg 6 medium. the resul ...19854009690
[superoxide dismutase in clostridium butyricum spores].superoxide dismutase was found for the first time in the spores of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium butyricum. the prosthetic group of the enzyme was shown to contain iron. the enzyme was demonstrated to be highly thermostable.19854010556
phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from clostridium butyricum.phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity has been characterized in membrane preparations from clostridium butyricum atcc 19398. a particulate fraction was shown to catalyze the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolamine when vesicles containing phosphatidylserine and plasmenylserine were used as substrate. no plasmenylethanolamine was formed when phosphatidylserine alone was used as substrate. the activity with phosphatidylserine was activated by divalent cations and was op ...19854020299
survey of neuraminidase production by clostridium butyricum, clostridium beijerinckii, and clostridium difficile strains from clinical and nonclinical sources.neuraminidase production was investigated in 57 clostridium butyricum strains, 16 clostridium beijerinckii strains, and 25 clostridium difficile strains. neuraminidase activity was found only in c. butyricum strains originating from one human newborn with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, two newborns with hemorrhagic colitis, one infected placenta, and one adult with peritonitis, it was concluded that neuraminidase was not a major virulence factor in c. butyricum strains.19854056013
metabolic and energetic aspects of the growth of clostridium butyricum on glucose in chemostat culture.the influence of a number of environmental parameters on the fermentation of glucose, and on the energetics of growth of clostridium butyricum in chemostat culture, have been studied. with cultures that were continuously sparged with nitrogen gas, glucose was fermented primarily to acetate and butyrate with a fixed stoichiometry. thus, irrespective of the growth rate, input glucose concentration, specific nutrient limitation and, within limits, the culture ph value, the acetate/butyrate molar ra ...19854062485
synthesis of pyruvate-1-11c as a radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging.pyruvate-1-11c was prepared enzymatically by the exchange reaction of 11co2 with the carboxyl group of pyruvic acid using pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase from clostridium butyricum. 11c-labeled pyruvate was purified by sublimation in specially made glassware. the radiochemical yield of pure pyruvate-1-11c was 80% 35 min after the end of bombardment. the distribution of 11c in tumor-bearing rabbits after an i.v. injection of pyruvate-1-11c was observed using a gamma camera. in contrast to norm ...19854076234
regeneration of nad(p)h by immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum under hydrogen high pressure.immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum reduced both nad(+) and nadp(+) in the presence of hydrogen at a pressure of 100 atm. the nad(+) and nadp(+) reduction activities were 4.45 and 4.30 u/g dry cells, respectively [u = nad(p)h regenerated, mu mol/min]. the amount of nadh regenerated by immobilized cells increased with increasing hydrogen pressure above 10 atm. immobilized cells (6 mg dry cells) of cl. butyricum completely converted nad(+) (6.4 mumole) to nadh for 5 h, whereas only 60 ...198518553815
inhibition of the autoxidation of ascorbate and norepinephrine by extracts of clostridium butyricum, megasphaera elsdenii and escherichia coli.the autoxidation of ascorbate and of norepinephrine in krebs ringer phosphate medium, ph 7.4, was studied. the autoxidation of the two substances was determined spectrophotometrically at 265 and 480 nm respectively. the effect of dialyzed extracts (m.w. greater than 12,000) from escherichia coli (aerobe), megasphaera elsdenii, and clostridium butyricum (obligate anaerobes) was examined and compared to similarly prepared extracts from rat serum and cerebral cortex. the assay medium contained cell ...19846384713
selective medium for isolation of clostridium butyricum from human feces.a selective medium, clostridium butyricum isolation medium (bim), is described for the isolation of c. butyricum from human feces. the bim is a synthetic minimal medium and contains trimethoprim (16 micrograms/ml), d-cycloserine (10 micrograms/ml), and polymyxin b sulfate (20 micrograms/ml) as selective inhibitory agents. qualitative tests indicated that c. butyricum and other butyric acid-producing clostridia grew on bim, clostridium sphenoides and bacillus cereus produced small colonies, and o ...19846490827
[modification of selected leukocyte functions in albino rats caused by the transplantable jensen sarcoma and by therapeutic trials of cyclophosphamide and vinblastine, clostridium butyricum m55 and short-term hyperglycemia].a significant increase in leukocyte adhesion and agglomeration was observed in white rats with jensen sarcoma. glucose induced short-term hyperglycemia temporarily stimulated these leukocyte functions in healthy rats. this effect was not notably influenced by administration of tumorlyzing spores. in contrast administration of the cytostatic agents vinblastine and cyclophosphamide demonstrated dose-related inhibition of leukocyte agglomeration and adhesion.19846497582
[the macrophage adherence inhibition test in wistar rats bearing jensen tumors. ii. macrophage adherence inhibition test after intravenous administration of spores of the cnrz 528 strain of clostridium butyricum and incubation with clostridial antigens].the tumor-specificity of tumor-clostridia-phenomenon in the model of jensen-sarcoma of the white rat was detected with the help of humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions of the host towards intravenous application of 5 x 10(8) spores of clostridia, which do not dissolve the tumor. contrary to weak responses in widal-agglutination the mai showed characteristic values of inhibition of peritoneal-cell-adherence in tumor-bearing animals after incubation with soluble clostridia antigens.19846703861
biosynthesis of phospholipids in clostridium butyricum: kinetics of synthesis of plasmalogens and the glycerol acetal of ethanolamine plasmalogen.the biosynthesis of the plasmalogen forms of phosphatidylethanolamine (plasmenylethanolamine) and phosphatidylglycerol (plasmenylglycerol) and of the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine has been studied in cultures of clostridium butyricum ifo 3852. when growing cells were pulsed with [32p]orthophosphate, there was a lag of 5 to 7 min between the rapid incorporation of label into the acylphosphatides and the rapid incorporation of label into the corresponding plasmalogens. the labeling of t ...19846746573
isolation of clostridium pseudotetanicum from a patient with gas gangrene.clostridium pseudotetanicum was isolated along with serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, and staphylococcus epidermidis from a patient suffering from gas gangrene who had been injured in the right leg by a power cultivator. experimental infection of the hind leg of mice with c. pseudotetanicum and the three kinds of aerobic bacteria did not produce any different macroscopic finding in the infection site, compared with aerobic bacterial injection, except for some enlargement of the involved ti ...19836630439
identification of clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii by gas-liquid chromatography and sugar fermentation: correlation with dna homologies and electrophoretic patterns.sixty-five strains of clostridia of the butyricum group were studied by dna-dna hybridization, electrophoresis of cell proteins, gas-liquid chromatography, and fermentation of glycerol, inositol and ribose. the dna--dna hybridization results confirmed that strains of this group belong to two main species, clostridium butyricum and c. beijerinckii. five strains did not hybridize with the reference strains of these two species. most of the strains could be identified by quantitative gas-liquid chr ...19836631419
survey, purification, and properties of sugar phosphate phosphohydrolase among microorganisms.sugar phosphate phosphohydrolase was purified approximately 500- to 600-fold to apparent homogeneity from escherichia coli b, escherichia coli c, escherichia coli var. communior, escherichia acidilactici, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria meningitidis, and saccharomyces cereviseae. the molecular weights of the enzyme as estimated by gel filtration ranged from 97 x 10(3) to 101 x 10(3). the enzyme was composed of two subunits with the same molecular weight which ranged from 50 x 10(3) to 52 x 10( ...19836322944
cloning and expression of the hydrogenase gene from clostridium butyricum in escherichia coli.hydrogenase gene from clostridium butyricum was cloned in escherichia coli hk16 (hyd-) using pbr322 and psti. the plasmid, pcbh1, containing hydrogenase gene was 7.3 mda and pcbh1 had 5 psti-dna fragments (3.9, 2.6, 0.7, 0.03-0.04, less than 0.02 mda, respectively). the hydrogenase activity of hk16 (pcbh1) was about 3.1-3.5-times as high as those of the present strains, such as c.butyricum and e.coli c600 (hyd+).19836345200
[isolation and purification of proteolytic enzymes produced by clostridium butyricum m55]. 19836374334
effect of clostridium butyricum on the formation and dissolution of gallstones in experimental cholesterol cholelithiasis.the effect of oral administration of clostridium butyricum miyairi on the formation and dissolution of gallstones was examined in a mouse model of cholesterol cholelithiasis, in comparison with that of chenodeoxycholic acid (cdca). a diet containing cholesterol and sodium cholate was used as a lithogenic diet. the feeding of the lithogenic diet containing 1.0 x 10(8) cells of this bacterium per g for five weeks prevented the formation of gallstones, resulted in lower values of the gallstone inde ...19836823210
cholesterol-lowering effect of clostridium butyricum in cholesterol-fed rats.we examined the effects of oral administration of clostridium butyricum miyairi on the catabolism and excretion of cholesterol in normal rats by using 14c-labeled cholesterol, and on plasma cholesterol levels in the rats and mice fed a high cholesterol diet. this bacterial treatment (about 10(7) cells/day) accelerated the cleavage of cholesterol side chain in normal rats. plasma cholesterol levels of rats fed the high cholesterol diet with the bacterium (about 10(9) cells/day) were significantly ...19836873503
lipid composition in the classification of the butyric acid-producing clostridia.an examination of 20 strains of butyric acid-producing clostridium species for phospholipid class compositions, plasmalogen content, and acyl and alk-l-enyl chains showed that the deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups i (clostridium butyricum) and ii (clostridium beijerinckii) could be distinguished by their lipid compositions. the phospholipids of c. butyricum strains had ethanolamine as the major nitrogenous lipid polar head-group moiety, more octadecenoate plus c19-cyclopropane than hexadecen ...19836886674
new technologies to combat malignant tumours of the brain.1. the primary problem in an effective treatment of a glioblastoma is the prevention of a recurrence. 2. for that purpose were the following therapeutical procedures undertaken: (a) temporary implantation of radio cobalt in the brain itself (1957): (b) clostridium butyricum m 55 was used to render the centre of the tumour fluid (1967): (c) podophyllin was used to destroy the border of the tumour (1980); (d) the co2 laser beam (1975); (e) the electromagnetic heat induction deep in the brain (1973 ...19826287907
the effect of oxidation-reduction potential on spore germination, outgrowth, and vegetative growth of clostridium tetani, clostridium butyricum, and bacillus subtilis.spores of clostridium tetani germinated in liver broth with +580 mv as the starting eh value, and those of clostridium butyricum germinated in liver broth with an initial eh of +400 mv regardless of the presence or absence of a liquid paraffin covering. spores of bacillus subtilis germinated in liver broth with--100 mv as the starting eh value. also, it was found that there are two ranges of starting eh values for germination and vegetative growth of cl. tetani, cl. butyricum, and b. subtilis. i ...19826818433
the role of intestinal bacteria in gallstone formation in animal model. a study on biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles in bile, small intestinal contents and feces of clostridium butyricum miyairi no. 588 monocontaminated mice.contradictory results in the studies on experimental gallstone formation using conventional and germfree mice have been reported. to study the role of bacteria in gallstone formation in the animal model jcl:icr male germfree mice were monocontaminated with clostridium butyricum miyairi no. 588. gallstone formation, biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles in the bile, small intestinal contents and feces were analyzed after feeding the diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid. the rate ...19826754522
isolation and identification of anaerobic contaminants from a machine for producing processed cheese.some bacteria of the genus clostridium can contaminate milk. these bacteria can cause "the late gas" or "late blowing" defect in the cheese if this is made with milk containing such contaminants. in this study, six samples from a processed cheese contaminated in a manufacturing machine were analysed. out of 60 strains studied, 30 were classified as clostridium tyrobutyricum, 20 as clostridium butyricum, and 10 as desulfotomaculum ruminis.19826965246
characteristics of a beta-lactamase produced by clostridium butyricum. 19826980874
clostridia isolated from the feces of infants during the first year of life.clostridia isolated from the feces of ten healthy infants during the first year of life were identified. all infants excreted clostridia during the first week of life; the most common species were clostridium butyricum, c. paraputrificum, and c. difficile. in the formula-fed infants colonization occurred consistently throughout the year, whereas in some breast-fed infants it was inhibited until weaning. the species isolated most frequently throughout the year were c. paraputrificum, c. butyricum ...19827062166
chemotherapy for tumours using clostridial oncolysis, antibiotics and cyclophosphamide: model trial on the uvt 15264 tumour.lysis of the uvt 15264 tumour in mice of the 17/berlin-buch strain as induced by intravenous injection of clostridium butyricum h8 spores is followed by the tumour diameter and survival time. in animals thus treated, tumour regression is incomplete and the mean survival time drops below that of tumour-bearing animals not treated with spores. with concurrent antibiotic treatment survival time is prolonged to exceed that of untreated animals, without affecting ocolysis-provoked tumour regression. ...19827082130
[treatment experiments with glucose-induced hyperglycaemia plus clostridium-spores on the jensen sarcoma of rats].investigations jensen's sarcoma-bearing wistar rats demonstrate the possibility to increase significantly the oncolytic effect of an apathogenic strain of clostridium butyricum (5 x 10(8) spores of cl. oncolyticum m 55 i.v.) by an artificial short time hyperglycaemia (achieved maximum blood level of glucose 28.87 +/- 8.05 mmol/l). the most impressive effect was observed after a repeated application of this combination at a distance of 7 days. both the hyperglycaemia and the application of spores ...19827138239
ether phospholipid asymmetry in clostridium butyricum. 19827181904
[analysis of the serodiagnostic reactions of the bacterium clostridium butyricum strain cnrz 528 using passive hemagglutination].for serologic tumour diagnostics a specific proof of antibodies against rods of clostridium butyricum cnrz 528 by passive hemagglutination has been described. we were able to prepare an antigen from the cell extract (crude-antigen) of rods without flagella by gel filtration, that after fixation on the surface of human-erythrocytes, stabilized by tannin or glutaraldehyde, agglutinates specifically with rod-antibodies of rabbit-hyperimmunserum. simultaneously however, there was no cross-reactivity ...19826219561
measurement of specific multiplication of an oncolytic and a nononcolytic strain of clostridium butyricum inside the tumour uvt 15264 of the mouse.clostridium butyricum was recultivated from tumour material after treatment of tumour-bearing mice with spores and counted by soft agar colony technique. the oncolytic strain cl. butyricum h8 grows inside the tumour uvt 15264 up to 8 x 10(8)/g during 48 h. in this time part of tumour became lysed. multiplication inside of this tumour by the tumour specific but nononcolytic strain cl. butyricum cnrz 528 could not be detected by application counting technique. combination of spore treatment with a ...19817032143
the gradostat: a bidirectional compound chemostat and its application in microbiological research.a multistage continuous culture system is described in which solutes are transferred between vessels in opposite directions simultaneously. the system, called a gradostat, produces opposing solute gradients and is a good laboratory model of many natural microbial ecosystems in which solute gradients are important. theoretical predictions concerning solute transfer were confirmed under steady-state and non steady-state conditions, using a coloured dye. paracoccus denitrificans grew anaerobically ...19817045277
some properties of the clostridium butyricum group beta-lactamase.clostridium strain cb269, belonging to the butyricum group, produces a beta-lactamase. the substrate profile of this enzyme, as characterized by the microiodometric method, was that of a penicillinase: activity was slightly higher on ampicillin than on benzylpenicillin, while carbenicillin and methicillin were hydrolysed at lower rates. there was poor activity with cephalosporins. the enzyme was excreted during growth, and was inducible to a limited extent by cloxacillin or cefoxitin. the isoele ...19816978381
[penicillin resistance due to the production of a beta-lactamase in clostridium butyricum].eight strains of clostridia of the butyricum group, resistant to penicillins were isolated from perinatal infections. mic's of these strains vary from 1,000 to 3,000 micrograms/ml for benzyl-penicillin, and from 5 to 10 micrograms/ml for cefoxitin. the substrate profile of the enzymes is that of a penicillinase.19816781777
[thermostable factor in clostridium butyricum responsible for experimental pathogenesis]. 19816788394
microbiology of wetwood: importance of pectin degradation and clostridium species in living trees.wetwood samples from standing trees of eastern cottonwood (populus deltoides), black poplar (populus nigra), and american elm (ulmus americana) contained high numbers of aerobic and anaerobic pectin-degrading bacteria (10 to 10 cells per g of wood). high activity of polygalacturonate lyase (</=0.5 u/ml) was also detected in the fetid liquid that spurted from wetwood zones in the lower trunk when the trees were bored. a prevalent pectin-degrading obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from these ...198116345848
non-toxigenic clostridia in babies.non-toxigenic clostridia, clostridium butyricum but occasionally c. paraputrificum, were isolated from mainly extra-alimentary sites of 28 babies in maternity hospital over a period of 40 weeks. during that time, c. butyricum was isolated from the blood of two babies who died of necrotising enterocolitis and of two babies without referable symptoms. otherwise these organisms appeared to be of no pathogenic significance.19817229104
phase behavior of ether lipids from clostridium butyricum.ether lipids have been isolated from the phospholipid fraction of clostridium butyricum ifo 3852 cells which had been grown in media devoid of biotin with added elaidic acid or oleic acid. the plasmalogen form of phosphatidylethanolamine (plasmenylethanolamine) from elaidate-grown cells was highly enriched with 18:1 in both the alk-1-enyl and acyl chains. a transition from the gel to liquid-crystalline state, with a peak maximum (tm) at 33 degrees c and enthalpy delta h = 5.7 kcal/mol, was obser ...19817248256
[conditions for effective hydrogen photoevolution by chloroplasts in the presence of bacterial hydrogenase].the hydrogen photoevolution was studied to compare the efficiency of chloroplasts or solubilized chlorophyll in the presence of hydrogenase from clostridium butyricum and methylviologen which links the electron transfer from photosystems to the exogenous enzyme. the hydrogen evolution by chloroplasts in the absence of exogeneous electron donors (or in the presence of irreversibly oxidized dithiotreitol or cysteine) is probably limited by cyclic electron flow shot-circuiting the photosystem 1. ef ...19807383027
[investigations on the characterization of a clostridial strain for tumour diagnosis (author's transl)].careful delineation of a clostrial strain for human tumour diagnosis as against oncolytic tissue-active clostridial strains should be obligatory. we investigated the possibility to differentiate clostridium butyricum cnrz 528 (bergère) against three different strains kept in our institute by means of biological, biochemical and by phage typing procedures. in addition, consistency in the control of half-technological spore production is required. it could be confirmed by this study that oncolytic ...19807424236
[fixation of molecular nitrogen and activity of the microflora in the bottoms of certain lakes in the estonian ssr and the rybinsk reservoir].the rate of molecular nitrogen fixation was determined in bottom grounds of three estonian lakes and the rybinsk water reservoir in the summer of 1977--1978. certain species of nitrogen fixing bacteria were found to be confined to lakes of certain trophic type. ecological niches with the mass growth of clostridium pasteurianum, azomonas agilis and clostridium butyricum were detected in the sediments of eutrophic lakes. ecological niches of az. insignis and cl. acetobutylicum occur in polyhumic l ...19807442573
[host range testing of tumour-selective strains of clostridium butyricum by bacteriophage 5 (author's transl)].subcultures of clostridium oncolyticum m55 and in a slightly modified manner of an oncolytic strain of cl. butyricum h8 are differentiated by lysotypic reaction of the bacteriophage 5 from several tumour-selective non-oncolytic strains and subcultures of cl. butyricum.19807447631
[reversible effect of light on hydrogen release by clostridium butyricum]. 19807448228
neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis associated with penicillin-resistant, toxigenic clostridium butyricum.the cause of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is unknown. an association between nec and clostridial infection has been reported from several centers, but the organisms have not been extensively characterized. clostridium butyricum was isolated from the peritoneal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid of a neonate with nec. the organism was resistant to the penicillins, but sensitive to vancomycin. toxin production was demonstrated. although the role of clostridial toxins in the pathogenesis of ...19806905971
[regulation of nitrogenase activity and biosynthesis in clostridium butyricum].the effect of various factors on the activity and biosynthesis of nitrogenase in clostridium butyricum was estimated by the rate of acetylene reduction at different growth phases in the static culture. the activity of nitrogenase was found to be low in vegetative cells; it increased and reached the maximum at the stage of prospore formation and decreased in the course of sporulation. the duration of different stages in the cell growth cycle depended on temperature and the composition of the medi ...19806931281
[application of the serological clostridium assay in tumour diagnostics (author's transl)].the suitability for serologic tumour diagnostics of the non-oncolysing strain clostridium butyricum cnrz 528 has been investigated. by introducing the transplantable brown pearce tumour of the rabbit and spontaneous tumours of the dog as test models the antibody production against clostridial rods--indicating malignant growth as had been proved with the möse strain cl. oncolyticum m55--has been evaluated. it could be established--utilizing the complement fixation test--that one serological metho ...19807222791
the enzymes of phospholipid synthesis in clostridium butyricum.we have examined extracts of clostridium butyricum for several enzymes of phospholipid synthesis. membrane particles were shown to catalyze the formation of cdp-diglyceride from [3h]ctp and phosphatidic acid. the reaction was dependent on mg2+ and stimulated by monovalent cations. cdp-diglyceride formed in vitro was found to be a substrate for both phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase and phosphatidylserine synthetase. the formation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate from added cdp-diglyceride a ...19806257816
efficiency of hydrogen photoproduction by chloroplast-bacterial hydrogenase systems.a comparative study of h(2) photoproduction by chloroplasts and solubilized chlorophyll was performed in the presence of hydrogenase preparations of clostridium butyricum. the photoproduction of h(2) by chloroplasts in the absence of exogenous electron donors, and with irreversibly oxidized dithiothreitol and cysteine, is thought to be limited by a cyclic transport of electrons wherein methylviologen short-circuits the electron transport in photosystem i. the efficiency of h(2) photoproduction b ...198016661554
biochemical energy conversion using immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum.hydrogen producing bacteria, clostridium butyricum, were immobilized in agar gel (2 per cent). the immobilized whole cells were employed for continuous production of hydrogen from alcohol factory waste waters. the hydrogen production rate became constant above bod 1500 ppm when hydrogen production was performed with a batch system. the immobilized whole cells continuously produced hydrogen over a 20-day period. the amount of hydrogen produced was about 6 ml/min/kg wet gels. hydrogen produced was ...198017941443
biocontrol: bacillus penetrans and related parasites of nematodes.bacillus penetrans mankau, 1975, previously described as duboscqia penetrans thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. this review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. the morphology of the microthallus colonies and the unusual external features of the spore are discussed. taxonomic affinities with the actinomycetes, particula ...198019300701
metronidazole bioassay with increased sensitivity.the bioassay of metronidazole using clostridium butyricum incorporated in agar plates detected concentrations higher than 1.0 microgram/ml. gentamicin in the sample did not affect the growth of the target organism or the inhibition by metronidazole. penicillin in the sample could be eliminated by the incorporation of penicillinase in the agar or by using as the target organism a surface inoculum of the penicillin-resistant bacteroides fragilis. increasing duration and temperature of aerobic pred ...1979220515
[germinating capacity of clostridium butyricum jena h 8 in transplantation tumors (author's transl)].following parenteral application of spores of clostridium butyricum their intratumoral germination and oncolysis were demonstrated on a variety of mouse transplantation tumors. the germination and propagation of the clostridia was restricted exclusively to the tumor tissue, they could not be demonstrated bacterioscopically in parallelly run normal tissue specimens. the observed differences of germination and lysis rate are due, in part, to tumor host and transplantate-specific properties.1979475554
[tumor localization in vivo on the basis of scintigraphic detection of clostridium rods by means of 131j-labeled antibodies and f(ab')2 antibody fragments].the authors report about investigations for localization of tumours in vivo by scintigrafic iddntification of clostridium butyricum jena h8 by 131i-labelled antibodies and by 131i-labelled f(ab')2-fragment antibodies in mouse transplantation-tumour uvt 15264. the application of 131i-labelled anti-clostridial-rod-antibodies in tumour bearing mice demonstrates increase of radioactivity in tumours of animals, pretreated by spores, as well as in animals without pretreatment. these appearently unspec ...1979532240
clostridium butyricum and necrotising enterocolitis. 197874537
partial purification and properties of acyl-coa reductase from clostridium butyricum. 1978213033
effects of small amounts of pentadecan-2-one on the growth of clostridium butyricum.primary alcohols occur as trace lipids and are the only long-chain alcohol species present in clostridium butyricum. secondary alcohols do not occur physiologically in this microorganism. exposure of these cells to the methyl ketone, pentadecan-2-one, results in a marked decrease in the primary alcohol content with the secondary alcohol, pentadadecan-2-ol, becoming the major alcohol present. this change in lipid composition is associated with a significant decrease in growth rate that is proport ...1978690515
the liquefaction (oncolysis) of malignant gliomas by a non pathogenic clostridium.vascular glioblastomas become liquefied when contaminated with spores of the non-pathogenic clostridium butyricum m 55. the spores are administered by intracarotid injection. the oncolysis is complete one week after injection. the glioblastoma is converted into a brain abscess which is then operated on appropriately. forty nine patients have been treated in this manner. the rate of recurrence, however, remained uninfluenced.1978696441
clostridium pseudotetanicum bacteremia in a patient with pasteurella multocida conjunctivitis.clostridium pseudotetanicum only once previously has been identified as causing disease. pasteurella multocida has been identified only three times as the cause of purulent conjunctivitis. a very debilitated patient had c. pseudotetanicum bacteremia and p. multocida conjunctivitis from which she recovered only to die of a nosocomial staphylococcus epidermidis septicemia, originating in a site for the administration of intravenous fluids.1978730826
effects of growth temperature and supplementation with exogenous fatty acids on some physical properties of clostridium butyricum phospholipids. 1977198003
anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that clostridium app. and several other representatives of bacillaceae and enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) under anaerobic conditions. representatives of lactobacillaceae and propronibacterium were inactive. with 36cl-labelled gamma-hch a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by clostridium butyricum, c. pasteurianum and citrobacter freundii, while other f ...197774989
outbreak of necrotising enterocolitis caused by clostridium butyricum.12 hospital-born babies had necrotising enterocolitis, of varying severity, within six weeks, 5 of them within ten days. the usually described predisposing causes were absent in most, though no baby was exclusively breast -fed. evidence of the presence of clostridium butyricum was found in the blood of 9 out of 10 babies examined. cl. butyricum is probably a primary, not a secondary invader.197773010
[experiments with hemosensitins from clostridium butyricum]. 1977602304
continuous hydrogen production by immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum. 19769145
[hydrogenase activity of different strains of clostridium butyricum].extracts of the cells of clostridium butyricum, strains mo-1, usa, tm-7b, ws-6k, and c. pasteurianum 038 absorb hydrogen in the presence of its different acceptors; hydrogen is absorbed most actively by the cell extracts of c. pasteurianum 038. the cell extracts of all studied strains of clostridium liberate hydrogen from reduced methylviologene, benzylviologene, and azocarmine. the rate of this process in the presence of reduced methyl-viologene was highest in the strains of c. butyricum, tm-7b ...1976940495
[biological properties of clostridium butyricum v. phytopathogenicum var. nova, the causative agent of hornbeam disease]. 1976948266
butyricin 7423: a bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423.butyricin 7423 is a trypsin-sensitive bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423 and active against some other species of clostridium. it has a bactericidal but non-lytic action on growing cultures of clostridium pasteurianum. the primary action of butyricin 7423 appears to be at the cell membrane. thus treatment of c. pasteurianum with an excess of butyricin altered the permeability of its cell membrane, allowing the release of several metabolites and ions. efflux of rubidium ions f ...1976956780
[on n2-fixing clostridia and bacilli from soils (author's transl)].in total 30 nitrogen-fixing, saccharolytic clostridia and 4 nitrogen-fixing bacilli, all freshly isolated from gleyed soils, were screened for sensitivity to 20 antibiotics. the isolates were compared in their sensitivity with 5 type cultures representing the species clostridium butyricum, c. saccharobutyricum (2 strains) c. multifermentans and c. sporogenes. generally speaking, both clostridia and bacilli are sensitive to the same antibiotics (table 2). in addition, the nitrogen-fixing bacilli ...1976970026
[tumor hyperthermia using high frequency for increase of oncolysis by clostridium butyricum (m 55)].in solid experimental tumors hypoxic cells preferably are inactivated by means of a short-termed radio-frequency treatment with eddy-current fields. hence follows an increase of the necro-biotic areas. the presence of anoxic-necrobiotic areas is indispensable for the termination of certain anaerobic spores such as clostridium butyricum s. oncolyticum (m 55). local tumor hyperthermy is tested as a technique in altogether 861 mice bearing neck tumors, in order to enhance the germination of oncolyt ...19761006715
[a simple method for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum to be used in experiments for tumour diagnostics and therapy (author's transl)].a simple method is described for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum using a modification of berger's iron bouillon. the method allows the breeding of cultures with comparatively high spore-forming rates which is essential for the use of such spores in experiments in the field of early tumour diagnostics and tumour therapy.19751098610
purification of two clostridium bacteriocins by procedures appropriate to hydrophobic proteins.two clostridocins distinguishable by their different modes of action on clostridium pasteurianum have been isolated, namely, butyricin 7423 found in cultures of clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 and perfringocin 11105 produced by clostridium perfringens type a, ncib 11105. both were trypsin-susceptible proteins which were soluble in concentrated aqueous ethanol and were able to bind large amounts of the nonionic detergent triton x-100. in the presence of triton x-100, butyricin 7423 behaved as a h ...19751137378
[studies on the culture of clostridium butyricum strain m 55 atcc 13.732. 4th communication: the influence of peptone quality upon kininase activity (author's transl)].studies of the oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum strain m 55 resulted in the hypothesis of oncolysis to be an effect of a continuous production of kinin-decomposing enzymes. a decomposition of bradykinin will reduce capillary permeability and microcirculation in the tumour tissue, thus releasing and maintaining the process of necrotization. to achieve an optimal oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum m 55, in addition to conditions already demanded in preceding papers, also an abundant production of ...19751146438
replacement of acyl and alk-1-enyl groups in clostridium butyricum phospholipids by exogenous fatty acids.the effect of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids on the acyl and alk-1-enyl group composition of the phospholipids of clostridium butyricum has been examined. unsaturated fatty acids support the growth of this organism in the absence of biotin. when cells were grown at 37 degrees in media containing oleate or linoleate and a casamino acid mixture containing traces of biotin, the exogenous fatty acids were found mainly in the alk-1-enyl chains of the plasmalogens with less pronounced incorporation ...19751164501
[effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of clostridium butyricum and the biosynthesis of acetate]. 19751174593
[an intracellular polysaccharide involved in sporulation of "clostridium butyricum" i. cytology, production and preliminary enzymic analysis (author's transl)].free glucose concentration and polysaccharide production in clostridium butyricum cells have been studied with an enzymatic method. results indicated a substantial decrease in intracellular glucose content simultaneously with a production of polysaccharide prior to the end of exponential growth. then the polysaccharide accumulated rapidly to reach a maximum just before the first refractile spores appeared, and it decreased by 50% during the last stages (v and vi) of sproulation. electron microgr ...19751190638
[experiments concerning the enhancement of clostridial growth (clostridium butyricum 1672 a mcclung) by means of the anaerobic metabolism of ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells of the mouse (author's transl)].ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells stimulate the vegetative growth of clostridium butyricum in a modified parker medium under n2 atmosphere. the enhancement of clostridial growth depends on the number of tumour cells added. the ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells keep the ordinary transplantability after anaerobic incubation with the vegetative forms of clostridia. further means for the manometric investigations of the tumour clostridium phenomenon are discussed.19751203019
[studies on human sera for antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jean h 8].in 235 human sera, antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jena h8 could be demonstrated in 33 patients (15%); only 189 sera (80%) reacted negatively, and in 5% (13 sera) a questionable reaction was obtained. the results are discussed, pointing out the necessity of preliminary titer determination if the clostridia-tumor phenomenon is to be utilized for early diagnosis of cancer.19751221742
[serological examinations with apathogenic clostridia (m 55) (author's transl)].spores of the apathogenic clostridium butyricum (m 55) germinate after intravenous application in mammalians in tumor tissue only. on the basis of these earlier findings a diagnostic and prognostic procedure, used so far, namely the agglutinationtest with vegatative forms of this clostridium was improved by creation of a hemagglutination reaction. with different methods some different hemagglutinins have been isolated. their efficacy was tested against specific antibodies in rabbits and mice. th ...19751237207
taxonomy of the clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species.rrna homologies have been determined on reference strains representing 56 species of clostridium. competition experiments using tritium-labelled 23s rrna were employed. the majority of the species had dna with 27 to 28% guanine plus cytosine (%gc). these fell into rrna homology groups i and ii, which were well defined, and a third group which consisted of species which did not belong in groups i and ii. species whose dna was 41 to 45% gc comprised a fourth group. thirty species were placed into ...1975168308
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