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lactococcus lactis produces short-chain quinones that cross-feed group b streptococcus to activate respiration growth.quinones are essential components of the respiration chain that shuttle electrons between oxidoreductases. we characterized the quinones synthesized by lactococcus lactis, a fermenting bacterium that activates aerobic respiration when a haem source is provided. two distinct subgroups were characterized: menaquinones (mk) mk-8 to mk-10, considered as hallmarks of l. lactis, are produced throughout growth. mk-3 and demethylmk-3 [(d)mk-3] are newly identified and are present only late in growth. pr ...200818194159
a group b streptococcal pilus protein promotes phagocyte resistance and systemic virulence.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns and certain adult populations. surface filamentous appendages known as pili have been recently identified in gbs. however, little is known about the role of these structures in disease pathogenesis. in this study we sought to probe potential functional role(s) of pilb, the major gbs pilus protein subunit, by coupling analysis of an isogenic gbs pilb knockout strain with heterologous expression of the pilb g ...200818198218
group b streptococcus and pregnancy: a review.in the 1960s, early onset neonatal sepsis caused by group b streptococcus (gbs) had an attack rate of 2 per 1000 live births and a 50% fatality rate. early treatment and then antibiotic prophylaxis were shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates; however, gbs remains a leading cause of perinatal infection. this article will review our investigations and related studies, including our studies in monkeys, that have contributed to current diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease caused by ...200818201679
variation in the group b streptococcus csrrs regulon and effects on pathogenicity.csrrs (or covrs) is a two-component regulatory system that controls expression of multiple virulence factors in the important human pathogen group b streptococcus (gbs). we now report global gene expression studies in gbs strains 2603v/r and 515 and their isogenic csrr and csrs mutants. together with data reported previously for strain nem316, the results reveal a conserved 39-gene csrrs regulon. in vitro phosphorylation-dependent binding of recombinant csrr to promoter regions of both positivel ...200818203834
is routine infectious and toxicologic screening in preterm labor effective in predicting preterm birth?our objective was to evaluate whether a significant association exists between cocaine use, cervical, urine, and/or group b streptococcus (gbs) infections and preterm birth (ptb) in patients admitted with active preterm labor (ptl).200818221930
[vertebral osteomyelitis due to streptococcus agalactiae st-17].streptococcus agalactiae has been traditionally considered as associated with neonates and pregnant women. invasive diseases due to streptococcus agalactiae are increasing in non-pregnant adults, especially with medical underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus or neoplasia. among these invasive manifestations, vertebral osteomyelitis remain exceptional. we report the case of a 49 year old man, without any risk factor, suffering from a vertebral osteomyelitis due to streptococcus agalactia ...200818227009
killing of neisseria gonorrhoeae, streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus), haemophilus ducreyi, and vaginal lactobacillus by 3-o-octyl-sn-glycerol.the microbicide candidate octylglycerol inactivates sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens at concentrations which spare normal vaginal flora (lactobacillus). standard minimum microbicidal concentration assays and time-kill assays revealed the drug concentrations and times required for inactivation. octylglycerol concentrations must exceed the binding capacity of any human serum albumin to be effective.200818227178
antimicrobial policies in the neonatal units of the united kingdom and republic of ireland.to review antibiotic and antifungal policies in british and irish neonatal units (nnus).200818238883
[prevention of early-onset group b streptococcus neonatal diseases. the 2005 experience of the lille university health center].to study the efficiency of the official recommendations on the prevention of group b streptococcus and the impact of this strategy.200818243572
integrin beta 1 regulates phagosome maturation in macrophages through rac expression.phagocytosis and subsequent phagosome maturation by professional phagocytes are essential in the clearance of infectious microbial pathogens. the molecular regulation of phagosome maturation is largely unknown. we show that integrin beta(1) plays critical roles in the phagocytosis of microbial pathogens and phagosome maturation. macrophages lacking integrin beta(1) expression exhibit reduced phagocytosis of bacteria, including group b streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus. furthermore, phagoso ...200818250451
perinatal infections and fetal/neonatal brain injury.fetal and newborn brain injury causes lifelong morbidity for the survivors, with high emotional costs to the individual and the family plus a heavy economic burden for society. this is timely and relevant. techniques are now available to prevent, detect, and treat those central nervous injuries that result from infection. if instituted, these would have beneficial results for both newborn survival and morbidity.200818388810
[early onset neonatal infections in the south of the reunion island: incidence and use of 2002 anaes risk criteria].the aim of this study was to describe the incidence of early onset neonatal infections (eoni) in the southern part of the reunion island, and to study the application of anaes criteria.200818395382
low carriage rate of group b streptococcus in pregnant women in maputo, mozambique.the prevalence of group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage varies strongly with geographical region. a study was done to determine the prevalence of gbs in women in maputo, mozambique. the method used was a rectovaginal swab which was taken from women between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy who visited the clinic for antenatal consultation. gbs was cultured from 2 out of 113 samples, yielding a prevalence of 1.8% (95% cl: 0.0-4.0). in conclusion, the prevalence of gbs carriage among pregnant women in m ...200818397403
functional activity of antisera to group b streptococcal conjugate vaccines measured with an opsonophagocytosis assay and hl-60 effector cells.conjugate vaccines against group b streptococcus (gbs), which is a leading cause of bacterial disease among newborns and the elderly with underlying illnesses, have progressed from animal studies to phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in healthy adults. due to the wide-spread use of antibiotics to treat at-risk deliveries, a phase 3 efficacy trial of a gbs vaccine to prevent neonatal disease in the united states is unlikely. a viable approach to assess a vaccine's efficacy is to use a surrogate of pro ...200818398304
lipoproteins are critical tlr2 activating toxins in group b streptococcal sepsis.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most important cause of neonatal sepsis, which is mediated in part by tlr2. however, gbs components that potently induce cytokines via tlr2 are largely unknown. we found that gbs strains of the same serotype differ in released factors that activate tlr2. several lines of genetic and biochemical evidence indicated that lipoteichoic acid (lta), the most widely studied tlr2 agonist in gram-positive bacteria, was not essential for tlr2 activation. we thus examined ...200818424736
group b streptococcus and preventive strategies in europe. 200818426928
comparison of bd geneohm real-time polymerase chain reaction with chromogenic and conventional culture methods for detection of group b streptococcus in clinical samples.a total of 200 antenatal high vaginal swabs were screened for the presence of group b streptococcus (gbs) using a conventional culture method (recommended by centers for disease control and prevention). screening was also performed by using a new chromogenic agar, chromid strepto b, and by using the bd geneohm strepb real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which was performed directly on swabs without enrichment. using a combination of all methods, we detected gbs in 101 samples. a total of 8 ...200818440176
neither antibody to a group b streptococcal conjugate vaccine nor the vaccine itself is teratogenic in rabbits.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of human neonatal bacterial disease, resulting in pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis and sometimes, death. supportive preclinical studies of gbs capsular polysaccharide (cps)-protein conjugate vaccines have led to several phase 1 and phase 2 trials in healthy, non-pregnant adults, which demonstrated that the vaccines, produced at the channing laboratory, were safe and immunogenic. however, evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a gbs conjugate va ...200818443428
[early-onset neonatal bacterial infections: a retrospective series of 144 cases].early-onset neonatal bacterial infections continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. the aim of this study was to determine the incidene, the risk factors and bacterial epidemiology of these infections.200818444529
comparative evaluation of strepto b id chromogenic medium and granada media for the detection of group b streptococcus from vaginal samples of pregnant women.two types of selective media, the chromogenic medium strepto b id and two non-chromogenic media strepto b agar and the granada medium, were tested and compared to blood agar plates (bap) for screening of group b streptococcus vaginal colonization in pregnant women. all tested media were comparable in terms of sensitivity however, their use in routine laboratories may markedly facilitate the rapid detection of gbs in vaginal samples.200818448181
bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the group b carbohydrate in streptococcus agalactiae.streptococcus agalactiae is a major human and animal pathogen, most notable as a cause of life-threatening disease in neonates. s. agalactiae is also called the group b streptococcus in reference to the diagnostically significant lancefield group b typing antigen. although the structure of this complex carbohydrate antigen has been solved, little is known of its biosynthesis beyond the identification of a relevant locus in sequenced s. agalactiae genomes. analysis of the sugar linkages present i ...200818451044
epidemiology of invasive group b streptococcal disease in the united states, 1999-2005.group b streptococcus is a leading infectious cause of morbidity in newborns and causes substantial disease in elderly individuals. guidelines for prevention of perinatal disease through intrapartum chemoprophylaxis were revised in 2002. candidate vaccines are under development.200818460666
genotypic diversity and serotype distribution of group b streptococcus isolated from women before and after delivery.most studies of the dynamics of maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization have relied on capsular serotyping to define gbs acquisition or loss. newer molecular methods that distinguish gbs clones may expand our knowledge and influence vaccination strategies. we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and gbs capsular gene cluster (cps) genotyping to investigate the dynamics of perinatal gbs colonization.200818462173
recombinant group b streptococcus alpha-like protein 3 is an effective immunogen and carrier protein.conjugate vaccines against pathogens of multiple serotypes are optimized when all components induce functional antibody, resulting in broadened coverage. while most clinical studies of vaccines against group b streptococcus (gbs) have evaluated conjugates composed of capsular polysaccharide (cps) coupled to tetanus toxoid, conjugates prepared with gbs proteins as carriers have also been efficacious in animals. here, we report that recombinant gbs alpha-like protein 3 (ralp3) is both a strong imm ...200818463225
recurrent vulvar lymphangitis cured with vulvectomy in a cervical carcinoma patient: a case report.recurrent vulvar lymphangitis secondary to pelvic lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy can be a vexing clinical dilemma.200818472655
self-collected versus health professional-collected genital swabs to identify the prevalence of group b streptococcus: a comparison of patient preference and efficacy.this study aims to determine the prevalence of genital tract group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in a cohort of pregnant irish women and to compare patient preference and efficacy of self-collected versus health professional-collected swabs.200818255214
group b streptococcal late-onset sepsis with submandibular phlegmon in a premature infant after beginning of breast-feeding.the case of a premature intra-uterine growth retardation (iugr) infant, born from caesarean section to a mother with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (hellp) syndrome, and admitted to nicu for low birth weight is reported. the baby girl was fed with pasteurized maternal milk, and she had a normal growth. before discharge, at the age of 23 days of life, she started to be breast-fed from the mother. suddenly, the infant presented inconsolable crying, and then she appeared pale, hyp ...200818297577
prevalence of maternal group b streptococcal colonisation in european countries.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in many industrialised countries. however, the burden of perinatal gbs disease varies between these countries. we undertook a systematic review to determine the prevalence of maternal group b streptococcal colonisation, one of the most important risk factor for early onset neonatal infection, and to examine the serotype distribution of the gbs strains isolated and their susceptibility to antibiotics in european countries.200818307064
risk factors for recurrence of group b streptococcus colonization in a subsequent pregnancy.to document rates of recurrent group b streptococci (gbs) colonization in women with previous gbs colonization in an initial pregnancy and to assess maternal risk factors associated with recurrence.200818310374
subdural empyema in children--20-year experience in a medical center.subdural empyema (sde) is a serious neurological condition in children and adults. although otorhinolaryngeal infections are regarded as the most important predisposing factors in the literature, this has not been our experience. this study reviewed clinical data on pediatric patients with sde at our institution over the last 20 years.200818327428
evaluation of liquid biphasic granada medium and instant liquid biphasic granada medium for group b streptococcus detection.group b streptococci (gbs) are transmitted from the mother to the newborn. prevention of neonatal infection is achieved by intrapartum prophylaxis given to mothers colonized with gbs at 35 to 37 weeks of pregnancy.200818341916
[late onset group b streptococcus infection: 7 year experience in a tertiary hospital (2000-2006)].group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of neonatal infection. two forms of the disease have been described according to the age of presentation: early, beginning in the first 6 days of life, and late, occurring from day 7 up to 3 months of age.200818358134
placental cultures in the era of peripartum antibiotic use.histological examination of the placenta can provide valuable information that aids diagnosis and management for both the mother and the fetus. positive placental cultures may also provide the clinician with valuable information on which to base therapy.200818366492
[maternal chemoprophylaxis against group b streptococcus colonization. the consequences of not adopting the international recommendation].to know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by streptococcus agalactiae (gbs) and the impact in our environment.200818372996
rational chemical design of the carbohydrate in a glycoconjugate vaccine enhances igm-to-igg switching.many pathogens are sheltered from host immunity by surface polysaccharides that would be ideal as vaccines except that they are too similar to host antigens to be immunogenic. the production of functional igg is a desirable response to vaccines; because igg is the only isotype that crosses the placenta, it is of particular importance in maternal vaccines against neonatal disease due to group b streptococcus (gbs). clinical studies found a substantially lower proportion of igg-relative to igm-amo ...200818378894
two cases of transient pseudohypoaldosteronism due to group b streptococcus pyelonephritis. 200818481108
group b streptococcus exploits lipid rafts and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/akt signaling pathway to invade human endometrial cells.we sought to determine the role lipid rafts and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) in invasiveness of group b streptococci (gbs) to endometrial cells.200818486087
an antiinflammatory role for ikkbeta through the inhibition of "classical" macrophage activation.the nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) pathway plays a central role in inflammation and immunity. in response to proinflammatory cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, nf-kappab activation is controlled by ikappab kinase (ikk)beta. using cre/lox-mediated gene targeting of ikkbeta, we have uncovered a tissue-specific role for ikkbeta during infection with group b streptococcus. although deletion of ikkbeta in airway epithelial cells had the predicted effect of inhibiting inflammatio ...200818490491
maternal group b streptococcus infection, neonatal outcome and the role of preventive strategies.to determine the newborn infection rate with group b streptococcus infection (gbs) before and after american academy of pediatrics protocol (aap) implementation in croatia, antenatal risk factors, neonatal outcome and necessity for introducing national policy for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. to evaluate the role of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis in preterm labor at < 37 weeks of gestation, premature rupture of membranes at < 37 weeks of gestation, fever during labor, ruptures of membranes > 18 ho ...200818494200
evaluation of strepb carrot broth versus lim broth for detection of group b streptococcus colonization status of near-term pregnant women.the performance of strepb carrot broth (scb) versus group b lim broth (lim) for detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization status in near-term pregnant women (35 to 37 weeks of gestation) was evaluated. dually collected vaginal/rectal swabs from 279 women enrolled from a single large maternity clinic were analyzed. fifty (18%) women were colonized by gbs according to both methods. scb had excellent diagnostic performance compared to lim, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predict ...200818524962
sortase a utilizes an ancillary protein anchor for efficient cell wall anchoring of pili in streptococcus agalactiae.pili are putative virulence factors and promising vaccine candidates in streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) infection, a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. the genes necessary for pilus synthesis and assembly are clustered in pilus islands (pi). each gene encodes three structural subunits (a backbone and two ancillary proteins) bearing a c-terminal lpxtg motif and two subfamily c sortases (srtc) involved in covalent polymerization of the subunits. gbs strains als ...200818541657
cutaneous myiasis from panama, south america: case report and review.myiasis is a cutaneous infestation with larvae of diptera, the two-winged arthropod order. eggs and/or larvae are transmitted directly from the environment or via arthropod vectors. larvae are able to burrow into the dermis of intact skin or external body orifices. three clinical variants of myiasis are furuncular, migratory (creeping), and infestation of wounds.200818544297
[childhood bacterial meningitis trends in japan from 2005 to 2006].we surveyed pediatric bacterial meningitis epidemiology from january 2005 to december 2006 in japan, with the following results. bacterial meningitis cases numbered 246 -138 boys and 108 girls-, equivalent to 1.7-1.72 children of 1,000 hospitalized in pediatrics per year. the age distribution for infection was highest in those under 1 year of age and decreased with increasing age, haemophilus influenzae was the most common infection causing the pathogen, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae, gro ...200818546848
genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in group b streptococcus colonizing young, nonpregnant women.the genetic diversity of group b streptococcus in young, nonpregnant women is not well studied. application of multilocus sequence analysis to 85 group b streptococcus strains recovered from college students revealed similarities and differences in distribution of group b streptococcus lineages, compared with that of previously studied pregnant populations, and revealed that strains of 1 clone were associated with antibiotic resistance.200818558880
group b streptococcal beta-hemolysin/cytolysin directly impairs cardiomyocyte viability and function.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis where myocardial dysfunction is an important contributor to poor outcome. here we study the effects of the gbs pore-forming beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (bh/c) exotoxin on cardiomyocyte viability, contractility, and calcium transients.200818560574
invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in norway 1996-2006.the aim of this study was to survey the occurrence of invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in norway and detect possible trends in characteristics of invasive gbs strains from 1996 to 2006. data from national monitoring systems for infectious diseases in norway were analysed. of 638,452 live births in the period, 434 cases of invasive gbs disease in infants were reported. in adults and children older than 1 year of age, 969 cases were reported. the incidence of invasive gbs disease incre ...200818560908
use of phenotypic and molecular serotype identification methods to characterize previously nonserotypeable group b streptococci.among 1,762 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]), 207 (12%) initially nonserotypeable isolates were tested by improved conventional serotyping methods (lancefield antigen extraction with 0.1 and 0.2 n hcl, latex agglutination assays, and use of antisera against all known serotypes [ia, ib, and ii to ix]) and a molecular serotype identification system (multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot [mpcr/rlb] assays targeting serotype-specific sites in the region spanning cps ...200818562579
congenital asplenia and group b streptococcus sepsis in the adult: case report and review of the literature.asplenia is associated with an increased incidence of fatal and life-threatening sepsis caused by encapsulated pathogens. isolated congenital asplenia is a very rare condition, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. the authors report another case of this condition complicated by overwhelming group b streptococcus sepsis secondary to paronychia that was managed successfully.200818564289
rapid diagnosis of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis complicating group b streptococcus meningitis by multidetector ct venography. 200818567740
subphrenic abscess after cesarean section in term pregnancy complicated by chorioamnionitis.subphrenic abscess is rare after cesarean section.200818570582
[retropharyngeal phlegmon caused by a group b streptococcus in a diabetic patient: report of one case].we report a 47 year-old diabetic male, admitted due to metabolic decompensation, malaise, purulent pharyngeal discharge and a mass in the posterior cervical region. blood glucose was 270 mg/dl, a nasopharyngoscopy showed a pharyngeal phlegmon and ct scan confirmed the presence of a phlegmon in the retropharyngeal region. he was treated with sodium penicillin, cloxacillin and ceftriazone and the phlegmon was drained surgically. the culture of the purulent discharge gave growth to a group b strept ...200818575662
metallopeptidases produced by group b streptococcus: influence of proteolytic inhibitors on growth and on interaction with human cell lineages.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major etiologic agent of neonatal bacterial infections and is the most common cause of sepsis and pneumonia in newborns. surface and secreted molecules of gbs are often essential virulence factors which are involved in the adherence of the bacteria to host cells or are required to suppress the defense mechanisms of hosts. we analyzed the peptidase profiles of gbs by detection of proteolytic activities on sds-page containing copolymerized gelatin as substrate. bas ...200818575784
group b streptococcus induces trophoblast death.group b streptococcus (gbs) is one of the leading causes of neonatal infection; however the molecular mechanisms involved are not clearly known. here we used high and low hemolytic gbs isolates and mutant gbs that lacks beta-hemolysin expression and showed that gbs infection or exposure to gbs hemolysin extract induces primary human trophoblast, placental fibroblast and jeg3 trophoblast cell line death, and that gbs-induced trophoblast death was beta-hemolysin dependent. the fibroblasts and trop ...200818599257
children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in children in the era of widespread heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (pcv7) is unknown.200818616437
[cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery].to establish the incidence of cervicovaginal infections in patients with preterm and term deliveries.200718642561
does group b streptococcal infection contribute significantly to neonatal sepsis in antigua and barbuda?group b streptococcus is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states of america (usa). this study was undertaken to determine the contribution of group b streptococcus to neonatal septicaemia in antigua and barbuda. from 1994 to 2002, there were about 12,000 births, with 2500 special care nursery admissions, 1100 (44%) with potential neonatal septicaemia. blood cultures were done in 433/1100 (39%) and cerebrospinal fluid cultures in 52/1100 (5%). positive cultures were seen in ...200718646492
procedures for prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal diseases: a multicenter questionnaire survey of hospitals in the kyoto neonatal disease study group, japan.to explore clinical protocols for the prevention of early-onset group b streptococcus (eogbs) disease of the newborn in japan, we conducted a multicenter questionnaire survey. of 32 regional centers participating in the kyoto neonatal study group, 28 provided usable data concerning prevention practices undertaken between 2000 and 2004. twenty-three (82%) of the 28 hospitals implemented bacteriological screening to identify maternal gbs carriage, and all 23 hospitals administered intrapartum anti ...200717334732
perinatal group b streptococcal disease.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. despite optimal treatment of gbs-infected neonates it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and prevention strategies are required. as disease occurs rapidly, and is often evident at birth or within 12 hours of birth, antibiotics must be given prior to delivery, and when administered early enough, and at the correct doses, they will prevent the majority of early-onset gbs cases. prevention is th ...200717336588
[an elderly case with group b streptococcal bacteremia, subcutaneous abscess and reactive polyarthritis].we report a 77-year-old woman with group b streptococcal bacteremia, subcutaneous abscess and reactive polyarthritis. two years previously she suffered from atrial fibrillation and osteoarthritis of the knee. after she was admitted for treatment of the knee joint with hyaluronate sodium, she complained of pain in the left shoulder and both knees. pyogenic arthritis was suspected and administration of cefazolin was started immediately after blood culture. one set of blood cultures showed group b ...200718198461
the group b streptococcal alpha c protein binds alpha1beta1-integrin through a novel ktd motif that promotes internalization of gbs within human epithelial cells.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis among neonates and a cause of morbidity among pregnant women and immunocompromised adults. gbs epithelial cell invasion is associated with expression of alpha c protein (acp). loss of acp expression results in a decrease in gbs internalization and translocation across human cervical epithelial cells (me180). soluble acp and its 170 amino acid n-terminal region (ntacp), but not the repeat protein rr', b ...200718048918
invasion of hela cells by group b streptococcus requires the phosphoinositide-3-kinase signalling pathway and modulates phosphorylation of host-cell akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3.the group b streptococcus (gbs) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen with the ability to cause invasive disease. while the ability of gbs to invade a number of host-cell types has been clearly demonstrated, the invasion process is not well understood at the molecular level. what has been well established is that modulation of host-cell actin microfilaments is essential for gbs invasion to occur. phosphoinositide-3 kinase (pi3k) is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. our go ...200718048937
the effect of intrapartum penicillin on vaginal group b streptococcus colony counts.the objective of the study was to determine the temporal relationship between intrapartum penicillin-g (pcn-g) and vaginal group b streptococcus (gbs) counts.200718060942
group b streptococcus: early- and late-onset infections.group b streptococcus has emerged as a prominent neonatal pathogen in developed countries since the late 1960s. the incidence of disease remained fairly constant until the 1990 s, when prevention efforts increased. american consensus guidelines were endorsed in the mid 1990 s; since then a decrease in disease incidence has been reported in the united states. this review summarizes the main issues regarding the prevention of neonatal infection and presents aspects of group b streptococcal disease ...200718073175
nonimmunodominant regions are effective as building blocks in a streptococcal fusion protein vaccine.identification of antigens that elicit protective immunity is essential for effective vaccine development. we investigated the related surface proteins of group b streptococcus, rib and alpha, as potential vaccine candidates. paradoxically, nonimmunodominant regions proved to be of particular interest as vaccine components. mouse antibodies elicited by rib and alpha were directed almost exclusively against the c-terminal repeats and not against the n-terminal regions. however, a fusion protein d ...200718078694
cervical pregnancy complicated with group b streptococcal meningitis.maternal group b streptococcal infection is an uncommon entity. herein we describe a case of a 27-year-old-woman who presented life-threateniing group b streptococcus meningitis with an ectopic cervical pregnancy. no other infectious focus have been found. to our knowledge this is the first time that this association has been reported.200717674249
risk factors for group b streptococcal colonization: potential for different transmission systems by capsular type.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common inhabitant of the bowel and vaginal flora, with known transmission routes including sexual contact and vertical transmission from mother to infant. food-borne transmission is also possible, as gbs is a known fish and bovine pathogen. we conducted a prospective cohort study in order to identify risk factors for acquisition.200717689259
management of group b streptococcus in pregnant women with penicillin allergy.to determine whether group b streptococcus (gbs)-colonized pregnant women who report a history of penicillin allergy can safely undergo diagnostic evaluation to rule out or confirm the potential for an ige-mediated (allergic) reaction to penicillin.200717694964
analysis of group b streptococcal isolates from infants and pregnant women in portugal revealing two lineages with enhanced invasiveness.the populations of group b streptococcus (gbs) associated with vaginal carriage in pregnant women and invasive neonatal infections in portugal were compared. gbs isolates were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiling, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). serotypes iii and v accounted for 44% of all colonization isolates (n = 269), whereas serotypes iii and ia amounted to 69% of all invasive isolates (n = 64). whereas serotype ia was associated with early-o ...200717699641
a streptococcal penicillin-binding protein is critical for resisting innate airway defenses in the neonatal lung.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of neonatal pneumonia. the early interactions between innate airway defenses and this pathogen are likely to be a critical factor in determining the outcome for the host. the surface-localized penicillin-binding protein (pbp)1a, encoded by pona, is known to be an important virulence trait in a sepsis model of gbs infection that promotes resistance to neutrophil killing and more specifically to neutrophil antimicrobial peptides (amps). in this study, w ...200717709535
rapid determination of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in group b streptococcus isolated from vaginal-rectal swabs.our objective was to assess the ability of real-time pcr to predict in vitro resistance in isolates of group b streptococcus (gbs).200717710240
reevaluating the serotype ii capsular locus of streptococcus agalactiae.we report a novel sequence of the serotype ii capsular locus of group b streptococcus that resolves inconsistencies among the results of various groups and the sequence in genbank. this locus was found in diverse lineages and presents genes consistent with the complete synthesis of the type ii polysaccharide.200717715372
group b streptococcus infection in pregnancy.group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae), a gram-positive coccus, is one of the major causes of maternal or neonatal severe infection and sepsis. maternal infection associated with gbs includes acute chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and urinary tract infection.200717765489
group b streptococcal infections in a northern region of italy.group b streptococcus is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial infections. despite adoption of preventive strategies, cases of infection continue to occur and there is concern that widespread antimicrobial prophylaxis might delay rather than prevent disease onset, increasing the rates of late-onset diseases.200717766492
epidemiology of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection: implications for screening.to determine the difference in outcomes between universal screening and risk-based assessment for prenatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infection based on the epidemiology of early-onset gbs infection in winnipeg, man, and to examine its implications for prenatal gbs screening.200717872785
institution of universal screening for group b streptococcus (gbs) from a risk management protocol results in reduction of early-onset gbs disease in a tertiary obstetric unit.to determine the effect of institution of a universal screening protocol as per cdc 2002 guidelines had on the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) and non-gbs disease in a tertiary obstetric unit.200717877594
identification of vaginal group b streptococcus carriage in a west of scotland general practice. 200717896264
[aerobic vaginitis--diagnostic problems and treatment].the diagnostic criteria and treatment of aerobic vaginitis--av--have been summarized in this review. an expansion of mixed aerobic microflora, especially group b streptococcus--gbs, escherichia coli--e. coli, enterococcus spp., and the development of inflammation of the vaginal mucous membrane due to a decreasing amount of lactobacillus spp., have been observed in women with av. disruptions of the vaginal ecosystem during av cause an increase in ph to >6, a decrease in lactates concentration and ...200717899708
pyogenic sacroiliitis--a comparison between paediatric and adult patients.pyogenic sacroiliitis is a rare cause of hip pain and fever. we aim to report a series of 33 patients with pyogenic sacroiliitis and to investigate the differences among paediatric and adult cases.200717901064
late-onset neonatal infections caused by group b streptococcus associated with viral infection.an association between viral infection and late-onset disease caused by group b streptococcus (gbs), was systematically looked for in neonates hospitalized for fever during a 3 1/2 year period. five neonates between 5 to 12.5 months of age presented with meningitis (2 cases) or with septicemia (3 cases) caused by gbs. viral culture, immunofluorescence, and assay of ifnalpha in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were performed. a viral infection was proved in 4 cases and suspected in 1 case (rash and ...200717901809
a comparison of a new rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction system to traditional culture in determining group b streptococcus colonization.the objective of the study was to evaluate a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for intrapartum detection of group b streptococcus (gbs).200717904971
duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis for group b streptococcus in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes who are not in labor.the purpose of this study was to determine the duration of the time that is needed to eradicate group b streptococcus (gbs) in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pprom).200717904972
[detection of colonization by streptococcus agalactiae: prospective study comparing real-time gene amplification with a new chromogenic medium strepto b id].we carried out a prospective study including 554 vaginal swabs simultaneously tested for antenatal screening of group b streptococcus (gbs or streptococcus agalactiae) using culture on the chromogenic medium strepto b id (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) and real time gene amplification on lightcycler (roche applied science). we centrifuge the swabs with "sets" device and separate centrifugates in 2 parts: one for the culture and the other one for molecular biology. first half of the centrifu ...200717905532
[in vitro activity of moxifloxacin (8-methoxyquinolone) alone or in combination with cefotaxime against group b streptococci].our objective is to determine in vitro efficiency of moxifloxacin (mxf) alone or in combination with cefotaxime (ctx) on group b streptococcus (gbs).200717905539
intrapartum anaphylaxis to penicillin in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis who had no prior penicillin allergy.little is known about the development of drug allergy during pregnancy or in patients with altered immune status.200717910335
tlr2 and caspase-8 are essential for group b streptococcus-induced apoptosis in microglia.microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the cns, detect invading pathogens via various receptors, including the tlr. microglia are involved in a number of neurodegenerative diseases in which their activation may be detrimental to neurons. it is largely unknown how this potentially deleterious action can be countered on a cellular level. we previously found that the interaction of tlr2 with group b streptococcus (gbs), the most important pathogen in neonatal bacterial meningitis, activates ...200717947688
postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections: an unsolved problem in thoracic surgery.antibiotics currently recommended for prophylaxis in thoracic surgery are first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins. despite this prophylaxis, postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections remains frequent and severe. however, in the medical literature, the origin of these infections is poorly documented.200717954082
invasive group b streptococcus isolates showing reduced susceptibility to penicillin in hong kong. 200717959733
immunomodulators plus antibiotics delay preterm delivery after experimental intraamniotic infection in a nonhuman primate model.the purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with ampicillin together with dexamethasone and indomethacin delays preterm birth that is induced by intraamniotic group b streptococcus in a nonhuman primate model.200717980193
approach to term neonates born after maternal intrapartum fever and unknown maternal group b streptococcus status: value of serum c-reactive protein and 16s rrna gene pcr amplification.thirty-six term neonates born after maternal intrapartum fever, with premature rupture of membranes <18 hours and unknown maternal group b streptococcus status had blood samples for complete blood count, c-reactive protein, culture, and 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction amplification. only 2 neonates were symptomatic and none had leukopenia, c-reactive protein >1.0 mg/dl, bacteremia, or positive polymerase chain reaction.200717984819
phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of invasive group b streptococcus isolates in western sydney 2000-2005.to analyse antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of group b streptococcus (gbs) bloodstream isolates from different patient groups.200718027264
invasive streptococcus agalactiae septic arthritis as an initial presentation of tonsillar carcinoma.invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality among adults, but only in the last three decades has the role of gbs as a serious pathogen in the nonpregnant adult been better defined. it has been found that one or more serious underlying medical conditions predisposing to infection can be identified in almost all adults with invasive gbs disease. we report a 64-year-old man who had tonsillar carcinoma presenting with right knee gbs septic arthritis. in ...200717609832
phenotypical characteristics of group b streptococcus in parturients.colonization by group b streptococcus (gbs) is highly prevalent among pregnant women, with prevalence rates ranging between 4% and 30%. the infection may be transmitted vertically and may result in serious neonatal consequences. in the period from november 2003 to may 2004, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 316 parturients at the jundiaí teaching hospital to establish the prevalence of genital gbs colonization, to identify the factors associated with colonization and the characterist ...200717625774
misoprostol to induce labour: a review of its use in a nsw hospital.induction of labour (iol) is a common procedure in maternity care. misoprostol is a prostaglandin e(1) analogue that is effective, cheap and easily stored but not licensed for this use in australia. despite evidence supporting the use of misoprostol for iol, few australian maternity units use it.200717627683
[invasive streptococcus agalactiae infections in non-pregnant adults].streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is a major cause of invasive diseases in non-pregnant adults, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying conditions. we describe these conditions and clinical characteristics of patients followed in our teaching hospital.200717629430
serotype ix, a proposed new streptococcus agalactiae serotype.we identified three isolates of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]), of human origin, which failed to react with antisera against any of the nine known gbs serotypes. polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against these isolates and standard gbs typing sera were used in capillary precipitation and ouchterlony tests to compare the strains with known gbs serotype reference strains. all three previously nontypeable isolates reacted with all three new antisera, producing lines of ident ...200717634306
perinatal group b streptococcal disease after universal screening recommendations--united states, 2003-2005.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the united states. in 2002, cdc, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists (acog), and the american academy of pediatrics (aap) issued revised guidelines for the prevention of perinatal gbs disease. these guidelines recommend universal screening of pregnant women by culture for rectovaginal gbs colonization at 35-37 weeks' gestation and the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for gbs carrier ...200717637595
vertebral osteomyelitis in a healthy young adult.a 39-year-old african american man with no significant past medical history presented to our hospital with right hand weakness and pain in both arms. he had no fever, neck pain, headache, dizziness, vision changes, or weakness in his lower extremities. magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed extensive abnormal enhancement of the c7-t1 vertebral bodies as well as the prevertebral and epidural spaces. open biopsy of the lesion showed inflammatory changes consistent with osteomyelit ...200717642354
neua sialic acid o-acetylesterase activity modulates o-acetylation of capsular polysaccharide in group b streptococcus.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. a major gbs virulence determinant is its sialic acid (sia)-capped capsular polysaccharide. recently, we discovered the presence and genetic basis of capsular sia o-acetylation in gbs. we now characterize a gbs sia o-acetylesterase that modulates the degree of gbs surface o-acetylation. the gbs sia o-acetylesterase operates cooperatively with the gbs cmp-sia synthetase, both part of a single polypeptide encoded by th ...200717646166
therapeutic amoxicillin levels achieved with oral administration in term neonates.the standard treatment of neonatal group b streptococcus infection is intravenous amoxicillin for 10 days. we investigated whether effective serum amoxicillin concentrations could be reached by switching to oral amoxicillin after 48 h of intravenous administration in full-term neonates with group b streptococcus infection.200717497144
group b streptococcus toxic shock-like syndrome in a healthy woman: a case report.toxic shock syndrome (tss) is caused by staphylococcus aureus infection. the disease entity manifests clinically as fever, hypotension, diffuse macular erythema that progresses to desquamation, and dysfunction of > 3 organ systems. toxic shock-like syndrome (tsls) has the same clinical manifestation as tss but is caused by streptococcus, usually group a, c or g. here we report on a healthy woman who experienced group b streptococcus (gbs)-related tsls, possibly related to tampon use.200717506375
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