Publications

toxicity of agricultural dust extract using microtox.		2005	15768505
photobacterium rosenbergii sp. nov. and enterovibrio coralii sp. nov., vibrios associated with coral bleaching.	six new vibrio-like isolates originating from different species of bleached and healthy corals around magnetic island (australia) were investigated using a polyphasic approach. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna, reca and rpoa gene sequences split the isolates in two new groups. strains lmg 22223(t), lmg 22224, lmg 22225, lmg 22226 and lmg 22227 were phylogenetic neighbours of photobacterium leiognathi lmg 4228(t) (95.6 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity), whereas strain lmg 22228(t) was r ...	2005	15774685
antimicrobial substances from rhizomes of the giant knotweed polygonum sachalinense against the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	the antimicrobial compounds against the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida were isolated from polygonum sachalinense rhizomes. the structures of the antimicrobial compounds 1 and 2 were determined by 1h and 13c nmr, 2d-nmr (cosy, hsqc, hmbc and roesy) and fab-ms to be phenylpropanoid glycosides, vanicoside a and b, respectively. both compounds have feruloyl and p-coumaroyl groups bonded to a sucrose moiety in their structures. vanicoside a also has an acetyl group in the sucr ...	2005	15787242
influence of vaccination on the nitric oxide response of gilthead seabream following infection with photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	the nitric oxide (no) response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated juvenile gilthead seabream was studied in vivo and the no response of isolated kidney macrophages of fish was studied in vitro. fish were vaccinated with formalin-killed photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (pdp) with or without freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia) and control fish received phosphate buffered saline (pbs). thirty days later, fish were injected with a sublethal dose of pdp and 3 fish/group were bled at time periods ...	2005	15450966
photobacterium lipolyticum sp. nov., a bacterium with lipolytic activity isolated from the yellow sea in korea.	a gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic and lipolytic bacterial strain, m37t, was isolated from an intertidal sediment of the yellow sea in korea. this organism grew optimally at 25-28 degrees c and in the presence of 1-2 % nacl. it did not grow without nacl or in the presence of more than 6 % nacl. strain m37t was characterized chemotaxonomically by having q-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and c(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-c(15 : 0) 2-oh and c(16 : 0) as the major fat ...	2005	15653897
effectiveness of a divalent vaccine for sole, solea senegalensis (kaup), against vibrio harveyi and photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	the protection of cultured sole, solea senegalensis, against vibrio harveyi and photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was evaluated following the use of a divalent vaccine prepared with formalized whole cells and extracellular products of virulent strains of both pathogenic microorganisms and administered by the immersion route. two prolonged immersions of 5-10 g fish in the divalent bacterin at a 1-month interval gave high levels of protection similar to those obtained when the respective mo ...	2005	15660791
conjugal vectors for cloning, expression, and insertional mutagenesis in gram-negative bacteria.		2005	15945369
bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide.	during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ...	2005	15962470
characteristic analysis of the ampc gene encoding beta-lactamase from photobacterium phosphoreum.	the ampc gene of photobacterium phosphoreum atcc 11040 was cloned and identified. nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region r&r and the ampc gene (genbank accession no. ay787792) from p. phosphoreum has been determined, and the encoded beta-lactamase is deduced. the beta-lactamase encoded by the ampc gene has a calculated m(r) 31,198 and comprises 285 amino acid residues (pi 7.35). there is a signal peptide of 20 amino acid residues mklrfiastlllsfsqlasa to lead the beta-lactamase secretion, a ...	2005	15596133
development of a simple and rapid fluorogenic procedure for identification of vibrionaceae family members.	we describe a simple colony overlay procedure for peptidases (copp) for the rapid fluorogenic detection and quantification of vibrionaceae from seawater, shellfish, sewage, and clinical samples. the assay detects phosphoglucose isomerase with a lysyl aminopeptidase activity that is produced by vibrionaceae family members. overnight cultures are overlaid for 10 min with membranes containing a synthetic substrate, and the membranes are examined for fluorescent foci under uv illumination. fluoresce ...	2005	16000757
photobacterium frigidiphilum sp. nov., a psychrophilic, lipolytic bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediments of edison seamount.	a gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, psychrophilic and weakly halophilic bacterial strain, sl13(t), was isolated from deep-sea sediments (1450 m depth) of edison seamount in the western pacific ocean. optimal growth of sl13(t) requires the presence of 1.5% (w/v) nacl, a ph of 6.0 and a temperature of 14 degrees c. the whole-cell fatty acid profile of the isolate includes c16:1 and c16:0 as major fatty acids and contains c20:5omega3. this is consistent with corresponding data for photobacterium p ...	2005	16014498
effect of human serum on bioluminescence of natural and recombinant luminescent bacteria.	biphasic modification of bacterial bioluminescence by human serum was revealed: bioluminescence was inhibited at high concentrations of the serum and stimulated at low concentrations. effects of temperature and duration of exposure on bioluminescence manifested in stimulation of the inhibitory effect at higher temperature and longer exposure. the degree of inhibition of bioluminescence under in the presence of serum depends on species characteristics of the microorganism and nature of the lumine ...	2004	15665923
distinctive functional features in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutases.	bacterial and eukaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutases show remarkable differences in the active site region and in their quaternary structure organization. we report here a functional comparison between four cu,zn superoxide dismutases from gram-negative bacteria and the eukaryotic bovine enzyme. our data indicate that bacterial dimeric variants are characterized by catalytic rates higher than that of the bovine enzyme, probably due to the solvent accessibility of their active site. prokaryotic c ...	2004	15449711
effects of hydrogen peroxide on light emission by various strains of marine luminescent bacteria.	light-emitting bacteria are the most abundant and widespread luminescent organisms. most species of such bacteria live in marine environments. however, until recently, biological role of bacterial luminescence remained unknown. recent studies indicated that light produced in bacterial cells may stimulate dna repair. therefore, it is not surprising that agents that cause dna damage induce expression of lux genes. moreover, it was proposed previously that bacterial luciferases may be involved in d ...	2004	15162391
comparative toxicological evaluation of untreated and treated tannery effluent with nostoc muscorum l. (algal assay) and microtox bioassay.	the relative sensitivity of tannery effluent before and after treatment was compared by employing nostoc muscorum and microtox assay in laboratory. the effect on chlorophyll, protein and biomass content of nostoc muscorum was studied with the luminescent property inhibition of photobacterium phosphorium and compared with algal bioassay. the results of microtox assay after 5, 15 and 30 min of exposure were compared with data obtained from algal bioassay. it was observed that the luminescent prope ...	2004	15195832
occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(m) and tet(s) in bacteria from marine aquaculture sites.	occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins was examined in 151 tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates from fish and seawater at coastal aquaculture sites in japan and korea. the tet(m) gene was detected in 34 japanese and korean isolates, which included vibrio sp., lactococcus garvieae, photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, and unidentified gram-positive bacteria. the majority of these bacterial isolates displayed high-level resistance with a minimum ...	2004	15268950
[characterization of microbial population present in the edible seaweed, monostroma undulatum, wittrock].	the microbiological quality of monostroma undulatum, wittrock from the southern argentinean coast, was studied for its application for human food. also the diversity and function of the native bacterial population to this green seaweed was analyzed. samples were collected in puerto deseado, province of santa cruz, southern argentina (47 degrees 45'l.s., 65 degrees 55'l.w). the samples were analyzed for the presence of psycotrophic heterotrophic bacteria, marine heterotrophic bacteria, low nutrit ...	2004	15807211
coregulation of lux genes and riboflavin genes in bioluminescent bacteria of photobacterium phosphoreum.	investigation of the expression of the riboflavin (rib) genes, which are found immediately downstream of luxg in the lux operon in photobacterium phosphoreum, provides more information relevant to the evolution of bioluminescence, as well as to the regulation of supply of flavin substrate for bacterial bioluminescence reactions. in order to answer the question of whether or not the transcriptions of lux and rib genes are integrated, a transcriptional termination assay was performed with p. phosp ...	2004	15459647
[effect of glucose on luciferase expression in photobacterium leiognathi].	photobacterium leiognathi cultured in marine broth emits a luminescence that is temporarily enhanced and then extinguished by glucose. glucose reduces the luciferase level and the expression of lux abg mrna in p. leiognathi. the amount of atp in p. leiognathi is temporarily increased and then declines to the normal level. these results indicate that the extinguishing by glucose in p. leiognathi is induced by the interruption of the translation of luciferase.	2004	15467278
characterization of the 23s and 5s rrna genes and 23s-5s intergenic spacer region (its-2) of photobacterium damselae.	the 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene has been sequenced in strains of the fish pathogens photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (atcc 33539) and subsp. piscicida (atcc 29690), showing that 3 nucleotide positions are clearly different between subspecies. in addition, the 5s rrna gene plus the intergenic spacer region between the 23s and 5s rrna genes (its-2) were amplified, cloned and sequenced for the 2 reference strains as well as the field isolates rg91 (subsp. damselae) and di21 (subsp. piscici ...	2004	15584408
the effect of growth medium salinity of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on the immune response of hybrid bass (morone saxatilis x m. chrysops).	photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (p. damselae) was grown on various media and the effect of media salinity on certain immune responses of hybrid bass was studied. in israel, pasteurellosis outbreaks have not been reported at water salinities below 1.38 per thousand. during vaccination experiments the salinity of the medium on which p. damselae is grown, was shown to affect stimulation of the immune system. no correlation was found between antibody response and protection. bacterial envel ...	2004	15123315
[the effect of clp proteins on dnak-dependent refolding of bacterial luciferases].	a study was made of the refolding of bacterial luciferases of vibrio fischeri, v. harveyi, photobacterium phosphoreum, and photorhabdus luminescens. by reaction rate, luciferases were divided into two groups. the reaction rate constants of fast luciferases of v. fischeri and ph. phosphoreum were about tenfold higher than those of slow luciferases of ph. luminescens and v. harveyi. the order of increasing luciferase thermostability was ph. phosphoreum, v. fischeri, v. harveyi, and ph. luminescens ...	2004	15285621
[a primary study on antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marine bacteria].	marine bacteria were isolated from marine organisms including invertebrates and seaweeds and from sea water and sediments of different sea area. ethyl acetate extractions of marine bacterial fermentation were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities by using the methods of agar diffusion and mtt assay, and the relationship of active bacteria and their origin was studied. the results showed that 42 strains among total 341 isolated marine bacteria had antimicrobial activity, and 7 st ...	2004	15669499
activity of two histidine decarboxylases from photobacterium phosphoreum at different temperatures, phs, and nacl concentrations.	the major causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of histidine. the authors reported previously that histamine was exclusively formed by the psychrotrophic halophilic bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum in scombroid fish during storage at or below 10 degrees c. moreover, histamine-forming ability was affected by two histidine decarboxylases: constitutive and inducible enzymes. this article reports the effect of various growth and reaction condition ...	2004	15330542
the effect of in vivo growth on the cellular and extracellular components of the marine bacterial pathogen photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida.	photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, was grown in vivo. bacterial cells and extracellular products (ecps) were analysed via electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis, using specific sea bass antisera. growth in vivo induced the synthesis of unique bacterial cell proteins at > 206, 206, 21.3, 18, 7.6 and < 7.6 kda. sea bass serum raised against live bacterial cells of the pathogen and especially a sea bass serum raised against formalin-inactivated bac ...	2004	14986934
development of a fragment constant method for estimating the mixture toxicity.	based on group contribution theory, a fragment constant model to estimate mixture toxicity is proposed in this paper. the toxicity (ec50m) of 58 mixtures is determined using photobacterium phosphoreum. analysis of these ec50m and the mole fraction of the individual chemical fragments (br, cl, no2, oh, nh2) helps work out the fragment toxicity contribution (deltati) to ec50m. thus, a linear regression equation is established between the toxicity contribution deltati and the fragment constants of ...	2004	15025158
biosynthesis and dietary uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by piezophilic bacteria.	the biochemistry of piezophilic bacteria is unique in that piezophiles produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas). a pertinent question is if piezophilic bacteria synthesize pufa de novo, through dietary uptake, or both. this study was undertaken to examine the biosynthesis and cellular uptake of pufas by piezophilic bacteria. a moderately piezophilic (shewanella violacea dss12) and two hyperpiezophilic bacteria (s. benthica db21mt-2 and moritella yayanosii db21mt-5) were grown under 50 mpa (me ...	2004	15081997
continuous culture of photobacterium.	the design and performance characteristics of a small volume (20 ml) continuous culture device for the cultivation of luminous bacteria are described. this simply constructed device can be used to supply luminescent bacteria with constant properties for either laboratory use or the assay of environmental pollutants. furthermore, bacteria can be deployed to make sensitive (<1 nm) oxygen measurements. the culture device may be configured, alone or in combination, as a chemostat, turbidostat or a " ...	2004	15093217
fatal infection of the hand due to photobacterium damsela: a case report.	we report a case of fatal acute renal failure due to photobacterium damsela infection of the hand. although the patient received intensive medical care and surgical treatment, he died 8 h after arrival at the hospital. this is the first case of p. damsela sepsis proven by blood culture in japan.	2004	15156501
phylogenetic analysis of the lux operon distinguishes two evolutionarily distinct clades of photobacterium leiognathi.	the luminous marine bacterium photobacterium mandapamensis was synonymized several years ago with photobacterium leiognathi based on a high degree of phenotypic and genetic similarity. to test the possibility that p. leiognathi as now formulated, however, actually contains two distinct bacterial groups reflecting the earlier identification of p. mandapamensis and p. leiognathi as separate species, we compared p. leiognathi strains isolated from light-organ symbiosis with leiognathid fishes (i.e. ...	2004	15034641
biodiversity of vibrios.	vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. a high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome pcr, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. the ...	2004	15353563
immune response of gilt-head seabream (sparus aurata) to antigens from photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.		2004	14675834
interactions of soil-derived dissolved organic matter with phenol in peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions.	the influence of dissolved soil organic matter (dsom) derived from three geosorbents of different chemical composition and diagenetic history on the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions of phenol was investigated. phenol conversion and precipitate-product formation were measured, respectively, by hplc and radiolabeled species analysis. fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis (ce) were used to characterize the products of enzymat ...	2004	14740756
collaborative effects of photobacterium cuzn superoxide dismutase (sods) and human ap endonuclease in dna repair and sod-deficient escherichia coli under oxidative stress.	the defenses against free radical damage include specialized repair enzymes that correct oxidative damage in dna and detoxification systems such as superoxide dismutases (sods). these defenses may be coordinated genetically as global responses. we hypothesized that the expression of sod and dna repair genes would inhibit dna damage under oxidative stress. therefore, protection of escherichia coli mutants deficient in sod and dna repair genes (sod-, xth-, and nfo-) was demonstrated by transformin ...	2004	14744629
genomic polymorphism in symbiotic populations of photobacterium leiognathi.	photobacterium leiognathi forms a bioluminescent symbiosis with leiognathid fishes, colonizing the internal light organ of the fish and providing its host with light used in bioluminescence displays. strains symbiotic with different species of the fish exhibit substantial phenotypic differences in symbiosis and in culture, including differences in 2-d page protein patterns and profiles of indigenous plasmids. to determine if such differences might reflect a genetically based symbiont-strain/host ...	2004	14756879
effect of dietary iron overload on photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida pathogenicity in sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.).		2004	15509262
transfer of hyphomicrobium indicum to the genus photobacterium as photobacterium indicum comb. nov.	hyphomicrobium indicum johnson and weisrock 1969 lacks true budding and hyphal branching, and some phenotypic characteristics are in contrast to other true hyphomicrobia. the major quinone system (ubiquinone q-8), the g+c content of the dna (40 mol%) and the cellular fatty acid composition (16 : 0, 16 : 1 and 18 : 1 as the major components, and 12 : 0 3-oh and 14 : 0 3-oh as the hydroxy fatty acids) of h. indicum are different from the genus hyphomicrobium, but similar to the genus photobacteriu ...	2004	15545443
explorative multivariate analyses of 16s rrna gene data from microbial communities in modified-atmosphere-packed salmon and coalfish.	modified-atmosphere packaging (map) of foods in combination with low-temperature storage extends product shelf life by limiting microbial growth. we investigated the microbial biodiversity of map salmon and coalfish by using an explorative approach and analyzing both the total amounts of bacteria and the microbial group composition (both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria). real-time pcr analyses revealed a surprisingly large difference in the microbial loads for the different fish samples. the micr ...	2004	15294842
maternal transfer of humoral specific and non-specific immune parameters to sea bream (sparus aurata) larvae.	immunisation of sea bream (sparus aurata l.) broodstock with a novel vaccine mixture of photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida sk7 (phdp) was performed during the period of egg development and the changes in specific and non-specific humoral immune parameters were measured. total immunoglobulin level, specific antibody titre, anti-protease activity and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in immunised parents compared to the control. after spawning significantly higher anti-protease acti ...	2004	15313509
mercury chloride effects on the function and cellular integrity of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) head kidney macrophages.	the objective of this work was to study mercury chloride effects on the function and integrity of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) head kidney macrophages (s-hkm), and to evaluate the response of hgcl2-exposed cells to macrophage activating factor(s) (maf) produced by sea bass head kidney leukocytes. there was considerable variability in the effects of hgcl2 on the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by s-hkm. when incubated with hgcl2, cells from five out of nine fish tested showed a dec ...	2004	15313514
rapidly advancing necrotizing fasciitis caused by photobacterium (vibrio) damsela: a hyperaggressive variant.	to describe the first case of vibrio damsela necrotizing fasciitis in new england, emphasizing the importance of very early operative intervention to achieve source control in this extremely aggressive infection.	2004	14707592
cloning and characterization of the gene encoding for omp-pd porin: the major photobacterium damsela outer membrane protein.	the outer membrane protein of photobacterium damsela (omp-pd) and the gene encoding for this porin protein were isolated and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequence of the omp-pd monomer has 338 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 36,951 da. this sequence includes a 22-amino acid signal peptide at the n-terminal, which is not found when the monomer is located in the outer membrane. native omp-pd protein forms a trimeric structure of approximately 110 kda. it exhibits resistan ...	2004	15057460
simultaneous detection of marine fish pathogens by using multiplex pcr and a dna microarray.	we coupled multiplex pcr and a dna microarray to construct an assay suitable for the simultaneous detection of five important marine fish pathogens (vibrio vulnificus, listonella anguillarum, photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, and vibrio parahaemolyticus). the array was composed of nine short oligonucleotide probes (25-mer) complementary to seven chromosomal loci (cyt, rpon, gyrb, toxr, urec, dly, and vapa) and two plasmid-borne loci (fata and a.sa ...	2004	15070982
chemical speciation and toxicity of metals assessed by three bioluminescence-based assays using marine organisms.	metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. the toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum of the microtox bioassay, an environmental strain of p. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar ophiopsila californica. metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: nacl-based microtox bioassay medium, artificial sea ...	2004	15101032
identification and characterisation of the fur genes in photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida and ssp. damselae.	the gene encoding the ferric uptake regulator protein (fur gene) of the fish pathogenic bacterium photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida strain d121 was partially amplified using degenerate oligonucleotides. complete sequencing of the fur gene and neighbouring dna was accomplished by primer walking. an open reading frame of 447 bp, coding for a protein of 148 amino acids, and with high homology to previously described fur proteins, was identified. the fur gene of p. damselae ssp. damselae atcc 3 ...	2004	15109136
activation of the nitric oxide response in gilthead seabream after experimental infection with photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	inoculation of small gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) (30-75 g body weight) with a sublethal dose of different photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (pdp) strains (di-21 and 94/99) induced an increase in serum concentrations of stable nitric oxide (no) metabolites lasting from 6 h to six days post-infection, with a peak at 24 h. in contrast, no such response was detected in larger fish (150-600 g). since the virulence of pdp correlates with the presence of a polysaccharide capsular layer whi ...	2004	15110332
ion trap lc/ms characterisation of toxic polar organic pollutants in colour photographic wastewaters and monitoring of their chemical degradation.	liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-ion trap mass spectrometry (lc/esi-itms) with positive mode of operation was successfully applied to the characterisation of aromatic amines and chelating agents in colour photographic wastewaters. in addition to residual ingredients, monomers and dimers of sulphonated aromatic amines were the main toxic polar organic pollutants found. oxidation of wastewater components by the fenton-like reagent (fe3+ + h2o2) was investigated by continuously pumping ...	2004	15116875
photobacterium phosphoreum caused a histamine fish poisoning incident.	an incident of histamine fish poisoning (hfp) occurred due to the consumption of iwashi maruboshi (dried sardine) in osaka, japan in march 2002. a histamine-producing bacterial strain, ys4-7, was isolated from iwashi maruboshi that contained 1700 mg of histamine per kilogram. this strain was identified as photobacterium phosphoreum by biochemical examinations and partial sequencing of 16s rdna. p. phosphoreum ys4-7 showed greater capability as a histamine producer at 4 and 12 degrees c than morg ...	2004	15033270
use of reca as an alternative phylogenetic marker in the family vibrionaceae.	this study analysed the usefulness of reca gene sequences as an alternative phylogenetic and/or identification marker for vibrios. the reca sequences suggest that the genus vibrio is polyphyletic. the high heterogeneity observed within vibrios was congruent with former polyphasic taxonomic studies on this group. photobacterium species clustered together and apparently nested within vibrios, while grimontia hollisae was apart from other vibrios. within the vibrios, vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimi ...	2004	15143042
retraction. fatal infection of the hand due to photobacterium damsela: a case report.		2004	15224696
quantitative analysis of bacterial communities from mediterranean sapropels based on cultivation-dependent methods.	microbial communities of ancient mediterranean sapropels, buried sediment layers of high organic matter, were analyzed by most probable number (mpn) approaches. mineral media containing different carbon sources in sub-millimolar concentrations were used. mpn numbers were elevated in sapropels and at the sediment surface, which mirrored total cell count distributions. highest mpn counts were obtained with a mixture of different monomeric and polymeric substrates, with amino acids or with long-cha ...	2004	16329860
[influential factors on the toxicity of pentachlorophenol sodium with microtox system in water].	the biological toxicity of pentachlorophenol sodium (na-pcp), a typical kind of aquatic organic pollutants, was tested with the microtox system using luminescent bacteria with the influence of several factors taken into consideration. the ec50 of na-pcp increases with the increasing of the ph and hardness of the sample. the ec50 (15 min) of na-pcp is approximately equal to its ec50 (20 min). compared with some common organic pollutants, which exhibit little influence on the toxicity of na-pcp wh ...	2004	15327251
dark variants of luminous bacteria whole cell bioluminescent optical fiber sensor to genotoxicants.	a stable dark variant separated from photobacterium phosphoreum (a2) was fixed in agar-gel membrane and immobilized onto an exposed end of a fiber-optic linked with bioluminometer. the variant could emit a luminescent signal in the presence of genotoxic agents, such as mitomycin c (mc). the performance of this whole-cell optical fiber sensor system was examined as a function of several parameters, including gel probe thickness, bacterial cell density, and diameter of the fiber-optic core and wor ...	2004	15641706
identification of fur regulated genes in the bacterial fish pathogen photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida using the fur titration assay.	bacteria have developed a series of iron-scavenging and transport systems. the expression of many of the iron utilization genes is tightly regulated by the fe2+ loaded fur repressor protein. in this study, the fur titration assay (furta) was used to screen for dna fragments from a genomic dna library of photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida containing potential fe2+ fur binding sites or iron binding-proteins which withdraw iron from fur. one of the clones encoded a tonb gene and adjacent a func ...	2004	15689115
phylogenetic relationships among marine alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family alteromonadaceae and proposal of pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., colwelliaceae fam. nov., shewanellaceae fam. nov., moritellaceae fam. nov., ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and psychromonadaceae fam. nov.	the phylogenetic relationships among marine alteromonas-like bacteria of the genera alteromonas, pseudoalteromonas, glaciecola, thalassomonas, colwellia, idiomarina, oceanimonas, oceanisphaera, shewanella, moritella, ferrimonas, psychromonas and several other genera of the 'gammaproteobacteria' were studied. results of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses revealed that some members of these genera formed several coherent groups at the family level. characteristic signature oligonucleotides for studie ...	2004	15388743
nutritional composition and microflora of the fresh and fermented skate (raja kenojei) skins.	the proximate compositions of fresh and fermented skate skin were each 75.95% and 74.5% moisture, 22.7% and 21.8% protein, 0.5% and 0.7% lipid and 0.6% and 0.9% ash, respectively. the predominant minerals were potassium and phosphorus (i.e. 53.5 and 33.0 mg/100 g in fresh skin, and 10.46 and 10.51 mg/100 g in fermented skin, respectively). amino acid concentrations were lower in the fermented skin compared with the fresh skin. histidine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid were the major free ami ...	2004	14630591
mechanism of concentration addition toxicity: they are different for nonpolar narcotic chemicals, polar narcotic chemicals and reactive chemicals.	according to the toxicity mechanism of the individual chemicals, the concentration addition toxicity mechanism is revealed for nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and reactive-chemical mixtures, respectively. for nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, the partitioning of individual chemicals from water to biophase was determined, and the result shows that their concentration additive effect results from no competitive partitioning among individual chemicals. for p ...	2004	14675847
modelling and predicting the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon.	to evaluate and model the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon.	2004	14678163
evolution of toxicity upon wet catalytic oxidation of phenol.	this work reports on the evolution of the toxicity of phenol-containing simulated wastewater upon catalytic wet oxidation with a commercial copper-based catalyst (engelhard cu-0203t). the results of the study show that this catalyst enhances detoxification, in addition to its effect on the oxidation rate. the ec50 values of the intermediates identified throughout the oxidation route of phenol have been determined and used to predict the evolution of toxicity upon oxidation. the predicted values ...	2004	14740728
two cases of fatal necrotizing fasciitis caused by photobacterium damsela in japan.	we encountered two cases of fatal necrotizing fasciitis caused by photobacterium damsela in japan. both cases occurred in fishermen who became sick after fishing. they developed multiple organ failure within 20 to 36 h from the onset of initial symptoms despite intensive chemotherapy and surgical treatments.	2004	15004123
the sos-lux-lac-fluoro-toxicity-test on the international space station (iss).	in the 21st century, an increasing number of astronauts will visit the international space station (iss) for prolonged times. therefore it is of utmost importance to provide necessary basic knowledge concerning risks to their health and their ability to work on the station and during extravehicular activities (eva) in free space. it is the aim of one experiment of the german project triple-lux (to be flown on the iss) to provide an estimation of health risk resulting from exposure of the astrona ...	2003	12971406
biodegradation of plasticizers by rhodotorula rubra.	the degradation of plasticizers by the yeast rhodotorula rubra j-96-1 (american type culture collection 9449) in the presence of glucose was studied. the plasticizers included the commonly used bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (b(eh)a), dioctyl phthalate (dop), and dioctyl terephthalate (dotp), and the less commonly used dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (d(pg)db) and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (d(eg)db). the proposal had been made that the latter two plasticizers be used as alternatives to the first thre ...	2003	12785580
quantification of joint effect for hydrogen bond and development of qsars for predicting mixture toxicity.	a qsar model is successfully proposed to predict the toxicity effect on photobacterium phosphoreum by nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and/or polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures. for nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, their corresponding hydrophobicity-based qsar models are derived from regression analysis. comparison of these two qsar models make us believe that it is the joint effect of hydrogen bond in polar-narcotic-chemical mixture that leads to the di ...	2003	12821001
the acute toxicity of gluconic acid, beta-alaninediacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid determined by daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum.	acute toxicity of four relatively new chelating agents and their equimolar manganese and cadmium complexes was studied. the chelating agents studied were gluconic acid (ga), beta-alaninediacetic acid (ada), diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid (dtpmp), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). three common bioassays, namely daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum (microtox bioassay) were applied. r. subcapitata proved the most sensitive to these compounds. wi ...	2003	12712292
standardized system for quantifying residual dirt on medical appliances cleansed in hospital washers--disinfectors: dirt detection by different methods.	an easy-to construct, easy-to-operate standardized system was developed for determining the residual biological contamination of surgical instruments, endoscopes and other medical appliances subjected to hospital cleansing and/or disinfection. it consists of standard-sized pieces of glass, metal or endoscope plastic--dirt carriers--either bare or enclosed in truncated eppendorf caps to simulate hard-to-access conditions. the surface of the carriers is covered with model dirt simulating biologica ...	2003	12744084
static and dynamic water molecules in cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	understanding protein hydration is a crucial, and often underestimated issue, in unraveling protein function. molecular dynamics (md) computer simulation can provide a microscopic description of the water behavior. we have applied such a simulative approach to dimeric photobacterium leiognathi cu,zn superoxide dismutase, comparing the water molecule sites determined using 1.0 ns md simulation with those detected by x-ray crystallography. of the water molecules detected by the two techniques, 20% ...	2003	12784219
use of partition coefficients to predict mixture toxicity.	by using the c(18)-empore disks/water partition coefficient (k(md)) to describe the toxicity of 50 mixed halogenated benzenes to photobacterium phosphoreum, an approach is proposed in this study. application of the approach to the 15 other related mixtures prove the predictive capability of this k(md)-based approach, due to the consistency between the predicted toxicity and the observed ones with r(2)=0.929, se=0.104, f=169.513 at p<0.001. further analysis of this approach finds that, for the mi ...	2003	12691908
interaction of aromatic compounds with photobacterium leiognathi luciferase: fluorescence anisotropy study.	the time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence techniques were employed to elucidate possible interactions of four aromatic compounds (anthracene, popop, msb and 1,4-naphthalendiol) with bacterial luciferase. fluorescence spectra and fluorescence anisotropy decays of these compounds were studied in ethanol, water-ethanol solutions and in the presence of bacterial luciferase. shifts of fluorescent spectra and differences in rotational correlation times are interpreted in terms of weak (hydrophob ...	2003	12701091
construction of a safe, stable, efficacious vaccine against photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida.	vaccination with bacterial auxotrophs, particularly those with an interruption in the common pathway of aromatic amino-acid biosynthesis, known as the shikimate pathway, has been shown to be effective in the prevention of a variety of bacterial diseases. in order to evaluate this approach to vaccine development in the important marine pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the aroa gene of the shikimate pathway was identified from a p. damselae subsp. piscicida genomic library by com ...	2003	14735921
cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the chloramphenicol resistance gene on conjugative r plasmids from the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	transferable resistance to various drugs was investigated in photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida from japan. drug resistances were transferred via plasmids of 100, 50, and 40 kb. resistance to chloramphenicol (cmr) was transferred on plasmids of all 3 sizes. the cmr gene (cat) was cloned from the 50 kb plasmids ppdp8511 and ppdp9106 transferred from p. damselae subsp. piscicida strains isolated in different years and places in japan. subcloning localized the cat to within 1.5 kb hindiii-hin ...	2003	12650243
simple and rapid detection of photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida by a pcr technique and plating method.	to detect photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida using the pcr technique and plating method.	2003	14633013
accuracy of six commercially available systems for identification of members of the family vibrionaceae.	six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), v. cholerae (30 strains), photobacterium (vibrio) damselae (10 strains), v. fluvialis (10 strains), v. furnissii (4 strains), v. hollisae (10 strains), v. metschnikovii (9 strains), v. mimicus (10 strains), v. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and v. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. the products included api 20e, crystal e/nf, microscan ...	2003	14662957
three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study for phenylsulfonyl carboxylates using comfa and comsia.	from both the comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) and the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (comsia), the paper describes two three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3d-qsar) models for the acute toxicity logec50 (15 min-ec50 in micromoll(-1)) of 56 phenylsulfonyl carboxylates on photobacterium phosphoreum. two models yield the leave-one-out cross-validated correlation coefficient q2 values of 0.823 and 0.713, and the conventional correlation coef ...	2003	14505717
purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish sebastes schlegeli.	an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish (sebastes schlegeli) was purified by lectin affinity chromatography on con a-sepharose and gel filtration on tskgel g3000sw. the antibacterial protein featured the high molecular mass and selective action against gram-negative bacteria. the molecular mass of the protein was estimated to be approximately 150 kda in gel filtration and approximately 75 kda by sds-page, suggesting that it is dimeric. the antibacterial principle was an acidic ...	2003	14522599
[comparative study of microbial communities from cultured and natural population of the mussel mytilus trossulus in peter the great bay].	the 525 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural and cultured populations of the mussel mytilus trossulus and the surrounding seawater were identified to a genus level on the basis of phenotypic analysis and the fatty acid composition of cell lipids. gram-negative isolates were dominated by six genera of the family enterobacteriaceae and by the genera pseudoalteromonas, vibrio, photobacterium, cytophaga/flavobacterium/bacteroides, pseudomonas, and moraxella, gram-positive isolates ...	2003	14526545
[effect of mycotoxin t-2 on bioluminescence intensity of bacteria].	the acute and chronic toxicity of t-2 was studied by bioluminescent method with the use of two strains of luminous bacteria--p. phosphorum sq3 u v. fischeri f1 as biological objects. it was shown that in acute experiments after 10 min incubation of bacteria in the presence of t-2 the bioluminescence inhibition on the 50% level was observed at the toxin concentration equal to 12 mg/ml. in chronic experiments such a level of bioluminescence inhibition was registered after 16 hours incubation at th ...	2003	14577159
isolation and identification of photobacterium phosphoreum from an unexpected niche: migrating salmon.	six luminous bacteria were isolated from migrating salmon in the yukon river, alaska. all isolates were identified as photobacterium phosphoreum. previous studies suggest that p. phosphoreum is an exclusively marine bacterium, while our alaskan isolates are from salmon which migrated up to 1,228 km from the marine environment.	2003	14602659
carriage of potentially fish-pathogenic bacteria in sparus aurata cultured in mediterranean fish farms.	a bacteriological survey of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata from different fish farms and culture systems on the spanish mediterranean coast was conducted. three different studies were performed. study a included hatchery-reared larvae; study b, periodic examination of randomly sampled growing fish; and study c, growing fish sampled only during mortality/morbidity events. in studies b and c, sea cages, earth ponds and indoor tanks were surveyed, and in both cases diseased (showing clinical sign ...	2003	12747637
acute and chronic toxicity of dimethylsulfoxide to daphnia magna.		2003	12756470
pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata.	the present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (flu) in gilthead sea bream sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19 degrees c and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in mediterranean mariculture. following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg(-1) fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2alpha) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2gamma) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. tissue penetration of flu was low, since both t ...	2003	12718468
[the inhibitory effect of extracts from galla chinensis on marine fouling bacteria].	to observe the activity of extracts from galla chinensis with different solvents against marine fouling bacteria in vitro.	2003	12795221
apoptosis of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.) neutrophils and macrophages induced by experimental infection with photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	the infection of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the agent of fish pasteurellosis photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida resulted in the apoptosis of peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages. all the eight virulent and none of the two non-virulent strains tested exhibited apoptogenic activity. a secreted bacterial protein(s) is a likely candidate as the factor(s) responsible for this activity, since no apoptosis was induced by i.p. injected uv-killed vir ...	2003	12834617
[detection of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in shoal of bullacta exarata].	the number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in shoal for bullacta exarata rearing fluctuated mainly within 1.25 x 10(4)-7.21 x 10(4) cfu.g-1 and 0-1.08 x 10(4) cfu.g-1, respectively. 173 strains of bacteria, mainly belong to 13 genera were isolated. the predominant genera were composed of bacillus, photobacterium, pseudomonas, vibrio and some genera of enterobacteriaceae. the number of bacteria changed in line with the alteration of the temperature, and was especially affected by the organi ...	2003	12836568
similarity of tetracycline resistance genes isolated from fish farm bacteria to those from clinical isolates.	tetracycline-resistant (tet(r)) bacteria were isolated from fishes collected at three different fish farms in the southern part of japan in august and september 2000. of the 66 tet(r) gram-negative strains, 29 were identified as carrying tetb only. four carried tety, and another four carried tetd. three strains carried tetc, two strains carried tetb and tety, and one strain carried tetc and tetg. sequence analyses indicated the identity in tet(r) genes between the fish farm bacteria and clinical ...	2003	12957921
investigation of media formulations promoting differential antigen expression by photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida and recognition by sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), immune sera.	photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida (phdp) isolates were grown in various bacteriological media, in eukaryotic cell culture media and in the presence of fish cells (resembling some aspects of in vivo growth environments). bacterial cells, extracellular products (ecps) and crude capsular polysaccharide were isolated and analysed by electrophoresis and western blot using sea bass sera. growth in bacteriological media conserved the synthesis of cell and extracellular components when these were co ...	2003	12962207
vaccination trials of sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), against photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, using novel vaccine mixtures.	bacterial cells of the marine fish pathogen photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida were grown in novel culture media. a mixture of whole cells and extracellular components was inactivated and used in bath, intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral vaccination of sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, employing two sizes of fish. a commercial vaccine was used for comparative purposes. control and immunized fish were either bath or intraperitoneally challenged 6 and 12 weeks post-vaccination. small fish had signi ...	2003	12962216
survival against exogenous hydrogen peroxide of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida under different culture conditions.		2003	12962239
active-site copper and zinc ions modulate the quaternary structure of prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	the influence of the constitutive metal ions on the equilibrium properties of dimeric photobacterium leiognathi cu,zn superoxide dismutase has been studied for the wild-type and for two mutant protein forms bearing a negative charge in the amino acid clusters at the dimer association interface. depletion of copper and zinc dissociates the two mutant proteins into monomers, which reassemble toward the dimeric state upon addition of stoichiometric amounts of zinc. pressure-dependent dissociation i ...	2003	12595249
numerical taxonomy of vibrionaceae isolated from cultured amberjack (seriola dumerili) and surrounding water.	a numerical taxonomic study was performed on 148 isolates of gram-negative, heterotrophic, facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from amberjack (seriola dumerili) and its surrounding culture water. the study included 30 type and reference strains belonging to genera vibrio, listonella, and photobacterium. the strains were characterized by 109 morphological, biochemical, physiological, and nutritional tests. cluster analysis of similarity matrices obtained with s(sm) and s(j) coefficients was c ...	2003	12567241
concerted simulations reveal how peroxidase compound iii formation results in cellular oscillations.	a major problem in mathematical modeling of the dynamics of complex biological systems is the frequent lack of knowledge of kinetic parameters. here, we apply brownian dynamics simulations, based on protein three-dimensional structures, to estimate a previously undetermined kinetic parameter, which is then used in biochemical network simulations. the peroxidase-oxidase reaction involves many elementary steps and displays oscillatory dynamics important for immune response. brownian dynamics simul ...	2003	12944259
dominance of vibrio fischeri in secreted mucus outside the light organ of euprymna scolopes: the first site of symbiont specificity.	previous studies of the euprymna scolopes-vibrio fischeri symbiosis have demonstrated that, during colonization, the hatchling host secretes mucus in which gram-negative environmental bacteria amass in dense aggregations outside the sites of infection. in this study, experiments with green fluorescent protein-labeled symbiotic and nonsymbiotic species of gram-negative bacteria were used to characterize the behavior of cells in the aggregates. when hatchling animals were exposed to 10(3) to 10(6) ...	2003	12839763
multiple computer-automated structure evaluation study of aquatic toxicity. iii. vibrio fischeri.	an acute toxicity model was constructed on the basis of 901 chemicals tested for toxicity against the luminescent bacteria vibrio fischeri (formerly photobacterium phosphoreum, the microtox test). the model was created using the multiple computer-automated structure evaluation (m-case) program. the model can correctly predict acute toxicity for 92% of the compounds with an error averaging 0.55 log units per median effect concentration (ec50). the main toxicophores, corresponding to polar and non ...	2003	12627631
toxicity of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite to photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	virulent strains of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (pdp) were grown in media with or without glucose supplementation (to enhance polysaccharide capsule formation) and the bactericidal action of nitric oxide (no) and peroxynitrites was evaluated in a cell-free assay. treatment with the no-donor s-nitroso-acetyl-penicillamine (snap) induced a dose-and time-dependent decrease in pdp survival. this effect was greater for strains grown without glucose supplementation (c forms) than for thei ...	2003	12892745
development of qsars for predicting the joint effects between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes.	quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) approaches are proposed in this study to predict the joint effects of mixture toxicity. the initial investigation studies the joint effects between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes to photobacterium phosphoreum. joint effects are found to result from the formation of a carbanion intermediate produced through the chemical interactions between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes. further research indicates that the formation of carbanion interme ...	2003	14565777
bacterial influences on atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk-sac larval survival and start-feed response.	a bacteria-free halibut larval rearing system was used to test 20 bacterial isolates, from british halibut hatcheries, for their toxicity towards halibut yolk-sac larvae under microbially controlled conditions. the isolates tested spanned a range of genera and species (pseudoalteromonas, halomonas marina, vibrio salmonicida-like, photobacterium phosphoreum and v. splendidus species). a pathogen of turbot, scophthalmus maximus, v. anguillarum 91079, and 2 isolates from adult halibut were also inc ...	2003	14598986
patch-clamp experiments with porins extracted from a marine bacterium (photobacterium profundum strain ss9) and reconstituted in liposomes.	the reconstitution of bacterial porins in liposome bilayers for patch-clamp recording is well established. however, the solutions used in the dehydration, rehydration, and osmotic swelling of the liposomes have been developed for porins from enteric bacteria. porins from marine bacteria normally function in contact with seawater whose ionic composition and osmotic pressure would appear to be incompatible with the established methods. here, we show that, contrary to expectation, an established re ...	2003	12625625
oxidative stress monitoring in biological samples by bioluminescent method.	the integral bioluminescent biotest with lyophilized fluorescent bacteria was used for monitoring of lpo processes in tissue extracts and serum of rats exposed to stress. a relationship between the content of mda (lpo indicator) and fluorescence of bacteria was observed in all biological samples.	2003	14631513
virulence of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in cultured cobia rachycentron canadum.	an outbreak of serious mortality among the cultured cobia rachycentron canadum (weighing 3 kg) characterized by the presence of whitish granulomatous deposits on the kidney, liver and spleen occurred in july of 2000 in taiwan. a non-motile strain cp1 was isolated from kidney and/or liver on tryptic soy agar and/or brain heart infusion agar plates (both supplemented with 1% nacl, w/v). this strain was characterized and identified as photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida using biochemical chara ...	2003	14625900
a new approach to the problem of weak magnetic fields: an effect on living objects.		2003	15255202
[antimicrobial activity of saponins from hedera taurica c a r r].	the antibacterial and antifungal action of saponins sx1, taurozide h2, taurozide i and their effect on bioluminescent system of photobacteria photobacterium phosphoreum (cohn) ford were investigated. saponins h2 and i had no antimicrobial effect. saponin sx1 possessed antifungal activity in vitro with respect to candida albicans, c. krusei, c. tropicalis. saponin sx1 is less toxic to p. phosphoreum than well-known antiseptics--chlorhexedin and miramistin.	2003	14723156