Publications

virus induced gene silencing (vigs) for functional analysis of wheat genes involved in zymoseptoria tritici susceptibility and resistance.	virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has emerged as a powerful reverse genetic technology in plants supplementary to stable transgenic rnai and, in certain species, as a viable alternative approach for gene functional analysis. the rna virus barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) was developed as a vigs vector in the early 2000s and since then it has been used to study the function of wheat genes. several variants of bsmv vectors are available, with some requiring in vitro transcription of infectious ...	2015	26092793
proline over-accumulation alleviates salt stress and protects photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].	shoot-tip derived callus cultures of sorghum bicolor were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5csf129a) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. the transgenics were selfed for three generations and t4 plants were examined for 100 mm nacl stress tolerance in pot conditions. the effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conduct ...	2015	26065619
bioconversion of d-glucose to d-psicose with immobilized d-xylose isomerase and d-psicose 3-epimerase on saccharomyces cerevisiae spores.	saccharomyces cerevisiae spores are dormant cells, which can tolerate various types of environmental stress. in our previous work, we successfully developed biological and chemical methods for enzyme immobilization based on the structures of s. cerevisiae spore wall. in this study, we employed biological and chemical approaches for the immobilization of d-xylose isomerase (xi) from thermus thermophilus and d-psicose 3-epimerase (dpease) from agrobacterium tumefaciens with yeast spores, respectiv ...	2015	26065389
mapping of the interaction between agrobacterium tumefaciens and vanda kasem's delight orchid protocorm-like bodies.	physical contact between a. tumefaciens and the target plant cell walls is essential to transfer and integrate the transgene to introduce a novel trait. chemotaxis response and attachment of agrobacterium towards vanda kasem's delight (vkd) protocorm-like bodies (plbs) were studied to analyse the interaction between agrobacterium and plb during the transformation event. the study shows that initially a. tumefaciens reversibly attached to plb surface via polar and lateral mode of adherence follow ...	2015	26063938
development of an agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for the cold-adapted fungi pseudogymnoascus destructans and p. pannorum.	the mechanisms of cold adaptation by fungi remain unknown. this topic is of high interest due to the emergence of white-nose syndrome (wns), a skin infection of hibernating bats caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). recent studies indicated that apart from pd, there is an abundance of other pseudogymnoascus species in the hibernacula soil. we developed an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system for pd and a related fungus pseudogymnoascus pannorum (pp) to advance e ...	2015	26051491
rhf1 gene is involved in the fruiting body production of cordyceps militaris fungus.	cordyceps militaris is an important medicinal fungus. commercialization of this fungus needs to improve the fruiting body production by molecular engineering. an improved agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) method was used to select an insertional mutant (g38) which exhibited fast stromatal differentiation and increased yield. the rhf1 gene encoding filamentation protein was destroyed by a single t-dna and no rhf1 transcription was detected in mutant g38. to verify the funct ...	2015	26047996
surface plasmon resonance imaging reveals multiple binding modes of agrobacterium transformation mediator vire2 to ssdna.	vire2 is the major secreted protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens in its genetic transformation of plant hosts. it is co-expressed with a small acidic chaperone vire1, which prevents vire2 oligomerization. after secretion into the host cell, vire2 serves functions similar to a viral capsid in protecting the single-stranded transferred dna en route to the nucleus. binding of vire2 to ssdna is strongly cooperative and depends moreover on protein-protein interactions. in order to isolate the protein ...	2015	26044711
complete genome sequence of agrobacterium tumefaciens ach5.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes crown gall disease. the strain ach5 was isolated from yarrow (achillea ptarmica l.) and is the wild-type progenitor of other derived strains widely used for plant transformation. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium.	2015	26044425
agrobacterium-mediated transient maft expression in mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves.	to optimize agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation assay in mulberry (morus alba l.), various infiltration methods, agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens) strains, and bacterial concentrations were tested in mulberry seedlings. compared with lba4404, gv3101 harboring pbe2133 plasmids presented stronger gus signals at 3 days post infiltration using syringe. recombinant plasmids pbe2133:gfp and pbe2133:gfp:maft were successfully constructed. transient expression of maft:gfp protein wa ...	2015	26024368
a genetic screen for pathogenicity genes in the hemibiotrophic fungus colletotrichum higginsianum identifies the plasma membrane proton pump pma2 required for host penetration.	we used insertional mutagenesis by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (atmt) to isolate pathogenicity mutants of colletotrichum higginsianum. from a collection of 7200 insertion mutants we isolated 75 mutants with reduced symptoms. 19 of these were affected in host penetration, while 17 were affected in later stages of infection, like switching to necrotrophic growth. for 16 mutants the location of t-dna insertions could be identified by pcr. a potential plasma membrane h(+)-atpas ...	2015	25992547
expression of enterovirus 71 virus-like particles in transgenic enoki (flammulina velutipes).	no commercial vaccines are currently available for enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection. oral virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines are regarded as a better choice for prevention from food-borne diseases compared with injected whole virus vaccines. unfortunately, the application of oral vlp vaccines produced from transgenic plants was limited due to the concerns of gene contamination. alternatively, using transgenic mushrooms retains the advantages of transgenic plants and tremendously reduce risks of g ...	2015	25957149
a novel phenolic compound, chloroxynil, improves agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in lotus japonicus.	agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a commonly used method for plant genetic engineering. however, the limitations of agrobacterium host-plant interactions and the complexity of plant tissue culture often make the production of transgenic plants difficult. transformation efficiency in many legume species, including soybean and the common bean, has been reported to be quite low. to improve the transformation procedure in legumes, we screened for chemicals that increase the transformation eff ...	2015	26176780
agrobacterium tumefaciens gene transfer: how a plant pathogen hacks the nuclei of plant and nonplant organisms.	agrobacterium species are soilborne gram-negative bacteria exhibiting predominantly a saprophytic lifestyle. only a few of these species are capable of parasitic growth on plants, causing either hairy root or crown gall diseases. the core of the infection strategy of pathogenic agrobacteria is a genetic transformation of the host cell, via stable integration into the host genome of a dna fragment called t-dna. this genetic transformation results in oncogenic reprogramming of the host to the bene ...	2015	26151736
improving plant transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens.	here, we report a quick and low-cost method to improve plant transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens. this method involves the use of physical wounding, ultrasound, and an increase in exposure time to the bacteria. we show how the transformation rate increased from 0 to 14% when an ultrasound pulse of 10 s was used in conjunction with 96 h of bacterial exposure in eclipta alba explants.	2015	26125878
mild and severe cereal yellow dwarf viruses differ in silencing suppressor efficiency of the p0 protein.	viral pathogenicity has often been correlated to the expression of the viral encoded-rna silencing suppressor protein (ssp). the silencing suppressor activity of the p0 protein encoded by cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv (cydv-rpv) and -rps (cydv-rps), two poleroviruses differing in their symptomatology was investigated. cydv-rpv displays milder symptoms in oat and wheat whereas cydv-rps is responsible for more severe disease. we showed that both p0 proteins (p0(cy-rpv) and p0(cy-rps)) were able to ...	2015	26116275
rapid mapping of insertional mutations to probe cell wall regulation in cryptococcus neoformans.	random insertional mutagenesis screens are important tools in microbial genetics studies. investigators in fungal systems have used the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens to create tagged, random mutations for genetic screens in their fungal species of interest through a unique process of trans-kingdom cellular transconjugation. however, identifying the locations of insertion has traditionally required tedious pcr-based methods, limiting the effective throughput of this system. we have dev ...	2015	26112692
corrigendum: induction, suppression and requirement of rna silencing pathways in virulent agrobacterium tumefaciens infections.		2015	26111511
production of conjugated linoleic acid by heterologous expression of linoleic acid isomerase in oleaginous fungus mortierella alpina.	to increase the commercial value of oleaginous fungus mortierella alpina by incorporation of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (cla) into the polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) of m. alpina via propionibacterium acnes isomerase (pai) conversion.	2015	26109146
new multiplex pcr methods for rapid screening of genetically modified organisms in foods.	we present novel multiplex pcr methods for rapid and reliable screening of genetically modified organisms (gmos). new designed pcr primers targeting four frequently used gmo specific sequences permitted identification of new dna markers, in particular 141 bp fragment of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, 224 bp fragment of agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, 256 bp fragment of 5-enolppyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase (epsps) gene and 258 bp fragment of cry1 ...	2015	26257724
endophthalmitis caused by rhizobium radiobacter after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation to correct myopia.	to describe a 29-year-old man presenting with acute-onset endophthalmitis caused by rhizobium (formerly agrobacterium) radiobacter after uneventful implantable collamer lens implantation for myopia.	2015	26248350
a pyranose-2-phosphate motif is responsible for both antibiotic import and quorum-sensing regulation in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	periplasmic binding proteins (pbps) in association with abc transporters select and import a wide variety of ligands into bacterial cytoplasm. they can also take up toxic molecules, as observed in the case of the phytopathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58. this organism contains a pbp called acca that mediates the import of the antibiotic agrocin 84, as well as the opine agrocinopine a that acts as both a nutrient and a signalling molecule for the dissemination of virulence genes through ...	2015	26244338
development of genetic tools for myceliophthora thermophila.	the thermophilic filamentous fungus myceliophthora thermophila has many suitable characteristics for industrial biotechnology and could be a promising new chassis system for synthetic biology, particularly the atcc 42464 strain, whose genome was sequenced in 2011. however, metabolic engineering of this strain using genetic approaches has not been reported owing to a lack of genetic tools for this organism.	2015	26013561
the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid virulence gene vire2 reduces sri lankan cassava mosaic virus infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants.	cassava mosaic disease is a major constraint to cassava cultivation worldwide. in india, the disease is caused by indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). the agrobacterium ti plasmid virulence gene vire2, encoding a nuclear-localized, single-stranded dna binding protein, was introduced into nicotiana benthamiana to develop tolerance against slcmv. leaf discs of transgenic n. benthamiana plants, harboring the vire2 gene, complemented a vire2 mutation in a. ...	2015	26008704
antimicrobial, antitumor and brine shrimp lethality assay of ranunculus arvensis l. extracts.	to investigate the antitumor activity, brine shrimp lethality assay, antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanol extract (me), water extract (we), acetone extract (ae), chloroform extract (ce), methanol-water extract (mwe), methanol-acetone extract (mae), methanol-chloroform extract (mce) of ranunculus arvensis (l.). antitumor activity was evaluated with agrobacterium tumefaciens (at10) induced potato disc assay. cytotoxicity was evaluated with brine shrimp lethality assay. antibacterial a ...	2015	26004705
d101 is critical for the function of attj, a repressor of quorum quenching system in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the quorum quenching system of agrobacterium tumefaciens is specifically activated upon entering the stationary phase. evidence has shown that this system includes two key components: the iclr-type transcriptional factor attj (also named as blcr) and the ahl-lactonase attm (also named as blcc). at exponential phase, attj binds to the promoter region of attm and thus suppresses the expression of attm. at stationary phase, however, the small molecule ssa directly binds to attj and relieves its inh ...	2015	26231372
improved biomass and protein production in solid-state cultures of an aspergillus sojae strain harboring the vitreoscilla hemoglobin.	the biotechnological value of aspergillus sojae atcc 20235 (a. sojae) for production of pectinases in solid-state fermentation (ssf) has been demonstrated recently. however, a common drawback of fungal solid-state cultures is the poor diffusion of oxygen into the fungi that limits its growth and biological productivity. the bacterial vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) has favored the metabolism and productivities of various bacterial and yeast strains besides alleviating hypoxic conditions of its nat ...	2015	26224427
development of a new pcambia binary vector using gateway® technology.	pcambia vectors have become popular for their easy handling, stability and the existence of a range of selection and reporter genes. however, these vectors have yet to integrate the gateway® cloning system, which has enabled site-specific recombination without the need for restriction enzymes and ligases. this paper sets out to convert the pcambia2300 binary vector into a destination vector with the gateway® cassette driven by the camv35s promoter. the destination vector, pcamway35s, was then ev ...	2015	26210260
development of a transformation system for hirsutella spp. and visualization of the mode of nematode infection by gfp-labeled h. minnesotensis.	hirsutella rhossiliensis and h. minnesotensis are endoparasitic fungi of the second-stage juvenile (j2) of the soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) in nature. they also parasitize both h. glycines j2 and caenorhabditis elegans on agar plates. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation conditions were established for these hirsutella spp. the resulting transformants were similar to the corresponding wild-type strains. the infection processes of h. glycines j2 and c. elegans second l ...	2015	26190283
transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing tomato glutathione s-transferase showed enhanced resistance to salt and drought stress.	although glutathione s-transferases (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) are involved in response to abiotic stress, limited information is available regarding gene function in tomato. in this study, a gst gene from tomato, designated legstu2, was cloned and functionally characterized. expression profile analysis results showed that it was expressed in roots and flowers, and the transcription was induced by salt, osmotic, and heat stress. the gene was then introduced to arabidopsis by agrobacterium tumefaciens-me ...	2015	26327625
cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of a pair of novel virulence factors, sgha and sghr, from agrobacterium tumefaciens.	two proteins, sgha and sghr, which were recently identified and characterized as novel bacterial virulence factors regulating the infection of plant hosts by agrobacterium, were cloned, overexpressed and purified with high yield. both sgha and sghr form dimers in solution. the purified sgha and sghr were crystallized and the crystals diffracted to 1.9 and 2.1 å resolution, respectively. data were collected and processed, and the crystallographic parameters were within acceptable ranges. these re ...	2015	26323299
development of an agroinoculation system for full-length and gfp-tagged cdna clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.	the complete 6243-nucleotide sequence of a cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) isolate from bottle gourd in zhejiang province, china, was determined. a full-length cdna clone of this isolate was constructed by inserting the cdna between the 35s promoter and the ribozyme in the binary plasmid pcb301-ch. a suspension of an agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 clone carrying this construct was highly infectious in nicotiana benthamiana and bottle gourd. another infectious clone containing the gr ...	2015	26323263
a rhizobium radiobacter histidine kinase can employ both boolean and and or logic gates to initiate pathogenesis.	the molecular logic gates that regulate gene circuits are necessarily intricate and highly regulated, particularly in the critical commitments necessary for pathogenesis. we now report simple and and or logic gates to be accessible within a single protein receptor. pathogenesis by the bacterium rhizobium radiobacter is mediated by a single histidine kinase, vira, which processes multiple small molecule host signals (phenol and sugar). mutagenesis analyses converged on a single signal integration ...	2015	26310519
roles of agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 znta and zntb and the transcriptional regulator zntr in controlling cd2+/zn2+/co2+ resistance and the peroxide stress response.	the putative zinc exporters znta (a p1b-type atpase) and zntb (2-tm-gxn family) in agrobacterium tumefaciens were characterized. the expression of the znta gene is inducible by cdcl2, zncl2 and cocl2, of which cdcl2 is the most potent inducer, whereas zntb is constitutively expressed. the metal-induced expression of znta is controlled by the merr-like regulator zntr. the znta and zntr mutants were highly sensitive to cdcl2 and zncl2, and cocl2 sensitivity was demonstrated to a lesser extent. by ...	2015	26296876
leaf proteome rebalancing in nicotiana benthamiana for upstream enrichment of a transiently expressed recombinant protein.	a key factor influencing the yield of biopharmaceuticals in plants is the ratio of recombinant to host proteins in crude extracts. postextraction procedures have been devised to enrich recombinant proteins before purification. here, we assessed the potential of methyl jasmonate (meja) as a generic trigger of recombinant protein enrichment in nicotiana benthamiana leaves before harvesting. previous studies have reported a significant rebalancing of the leaf proteome via the jasmonate signalling p ...	2015	26286859
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi.	an agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi was established. three binary t-dna vectors, ppzp-hph, ppzp-hph-rnai and ppzp-hph-dsred2, were constructed. the trpc promoter from aspergillus nidulans was used as the cis-regulatory element to drive the expression of hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene and dsred2, which conferred the hygromycin b (hyg b) resistance and red fluorescence visualization, respectively. the blastospores and co ...	2015	26275508
optimization of in vitro regeneration and agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with heat-resistant cdna in brassica oleracea subsp. italica cv. green marvel.	an efficient system for shoot regeneration and agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of brassica oleracea cv. green marvel cultivar is described. this study focuses on developing shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants of broccoli cv. green marvel using thidiazuron (tdz), zeatin, and kinetin, the optimization of factors affecting agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the hypocotyl explants with heat-resistant cdna, followed by the confirmation of transgenicity of the regenerant ...	2015	25986972
comparative performance of modified full-length and truncated bacillus thuringiensis-cry1ac genes in transgenic tomato.	bt-cry1ac gene has been reputedly effective against helicoverpa armigera a notorious lepidopteran pest. reports on the expression of full-length and truncated cry1ac genes in plants for effective resistance against helicoverpa sp. have been documented however, their performance is still ambiguous. moreover, the question remains to be addressed that truncation of 3' end of the native gene was documented and suggested for active insecticidal toxin production while the most successful transgenic ev ...	2015	25977893
efficient shoots regeneration and genetic transformation of bacopa monniera.	bacopa monniera is an important source of metabolites with pharmaceutical value. it has been regarded as a valuable medicinal plant and its entire commercial requirement is met from wild natural population. recently, metabolic engineering has emerged as an important solution for sustained supply of assured and quality raw material for the production of active principles. present report describes efficient in vitro multiplication and transformation method for genetic manipulation of this species. ...	2015	25964718
diversity and n-acyl-homoserine lactone production by gammaproteobacteria associated with avicennia marina rhizosphere of south indian mangroves.	the diversity of n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-producing rhizosphere bacterial community associated with avicennia marina in the mangrove ecosystems of south india was investigated. approximately 800 rhizobacteria were isolated from a. marina, and they were screened for the production of ahl using two biosensors, chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 (pzlr4). among the total isolates screened, 7% of the rhizobacteria showed positive induction for ahl signals. the b ...	2015	25956585
rapid, high-throughput tracking of bacterial motility in 3d via phase-contrast holographic video microscopy.	tracking fast-swimming bacteria in three dimensions can be extremely challenging with current optical techniques and a microscopic approach that can rapidly acquire volumetric information is required. here, we introduce phase-contrast holographic video microscopy as a solution for the simultaneous tracking of multiple fast moving cells in three dimensions. this technique uses interference patterns formed between the scattered and the incident field to infer the three-dimensional (3d) position an ...	2015	25762336
quantitating plant microrna-mediated target repression using a dual-luciferase transient expression system.	microrna (mirna) mediated repression of target genes plays essential roles in a variety of functions in plants. an easy-to-use method that can effectively validate functional mirna-target interactions in plants thus is of particular interest. here, we describe an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated in vivo assay utilizing a dual-luciferase reporter system. with this method, the strength of mirna-mediated target repression can be quantified at both the mrna (via qrt-pcr) and protein (via dual-luci ...	2015	25757778
gene overexpression and rna silencing tools for the genetic manipulation of the s-(+)-abscisic acid producing ascomycete botrytis cinerea.	the phytopathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea produces several secondary metabolites that have biotechnical significance and has been particularly used for s-(+)-abscisic acid production at the industrial scale. to manipulate the expression levels of specific secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes of b. cinerea with agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system, two expression vectors (pcbh1 and pcbg1 with different selection markers) and one rna silencing vector, pcbsilent1, were ...	2015	25955649
characterization and comparative analysis of promoters from three plant pararetroviruses associated with dahlia (dahlia variabilis).	two distinct caulimoviruses, dahlia mosaic virus (dmv) and dahlia common mosaic virus (dcmv), and an endogenous plant pararetroviral sequence (dveprs, formerly known as dmv-d10) were reported from dahlia (dahlia spp). promoter elements from these dahlia-associated pararetroviruses were identified and characterized. the tata box, the caat box, the transcription start site, the polyadenylation signal, and regulation factors, characteristic of caulimovirus promoters, were present in each of these p ...	2015	25947569
transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the sweetpotato orange gene exhibit enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.	alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), a perennial forage crop with high nutritional content, is widely distributed in various environments worldwide. we recently demonstrated that the sweetpotato orange gene (ibor) is involved in increasing carotenoid accumulation and enhancing resistance to multiple abiotic stresses. in this study, in an effort to improve the nutritional quality and environmental stress tolerance of alfalfa, we transferred the ibor gene into alfalfa (cv. xinjiang daye) under the contro ...	2015	25946429
cyclic di-gmp acts as a cell cycle oscillator to drive chromosome replication.	fundamental to all living organisms is the capacity to coordinate cell division and cell differentiation to generate appropriate numbers of specialized cells. whereas eukaryotes use cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases to balance division with cell fate decisions, equivalent regulatory systems have not been described in bacteria. moreover, the mechanisms used by bacteria to tune division in line with developmental programs are poorly understood. here we show that caulobacter crescentus, a bacter ...	2015	25945741
the all-alpha domains of coupling proteins from the agrobacterium tumefaciens virb/vird4 and enterococcus faecalis pcf10-encoded type iv secretion systems confer specificity to binding of cognate dna substrates.	bacterial type iv coupling proteins (t4cps) bind and mediate the delivery of dna substrates through associated type iv secretion systems (t4sss). t4cps consist of a transmembrane domain, a conserved nucleotide-binding domain (nbd), and a sequence-variable helical bundle called the all-alpha domain (aad). in the t4cp structural prototype, plasmid r388-encoded trwb, the nbd assembles as a homohexamer resembling reca and dna ring helicases, and the aad, which sits at the channel entrance of the hom ...	2015	25939830
enhancing t-dna transfer efficiency in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cells using extracellular cellulose and lectin.	a major limitation of transforming barley tissues by agrobacterium tumefaciens is the low frequency of t-dna transfer due to recalcitrance of barley as a host. the effect of extracellular cellulose and lectin on agrobacterium transformation efficiency was investigated in this study. barley callus cultures were transformed with the agl1 strain containing the vector pbi121 in the presence of 10 mg ml(-1) cellulose or 0.001, 0.05 and 0.1 mg ml(-1) lectin. addition of cellulose significantly (p ≤ 0. ...	2015	25935223
genetic transformation of extremophilic fungi acidea extrema and acidothrix acidophila.	intact, growing cells of strongly acidophilic fungi acidea extrema and acidothrix acidophila have been successfully transformed by introduction of heterologous dna fragment (composed of the glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene promoter from emericella nidulans, a metallothionein-coding gene asmt1 from amanita strobiliformis and glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene terminator from colletotrichum gloeosporioides) with the length of 1690 bp. the transformation procedure was based on t ...	2015	25934267
overexpression of 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase gene from gossypium hirsutum enhances arabidopsis resistance to verticillium wilt.	expression of dhs1 in cotton is induced upon infection by verticillium dahliae , and overexpression of ghdhs1 endows transgenic arabidopsis plants excellent verticillium resistance. verticillium wilt is caused by a soil-borne fungus verticillium dahliae. resistance in most cotton cultivars is either scarce or unavailable, making verticillium wilt a major obstacle in cotton production. here, we identified a 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (dhs, ec 4.1.2.15) gene from gossypium hirsutum, nam ...	2015	25929795
sonication, vacuum infiltration and thiol compounds enhance the agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency of withania somnifera (l.) dunal.	in the present study, we have established a stable transformation protocol via agrobacterium tumafacines for the pharmaceutically important withania somnifera. six day-old nodal explants were used for 3 day co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 harbouring the vector pcamiba2301. among the different injury treatments, sonication, vacuum infiltration and their combination treatments tested, a vacuum infiltration for 10 min followed by sonication for 10 sec with a. tumefacien ...	2015	25927703
proteomics and genetics for identification of a bacterial antimonite oxidase in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	antimony (sb) and its compounds are listed by the united states environmental protection agency (usepa, 1979) and the european union (cec, 1976) as a priority pollutant. microbial redox transformations are presumed to be an important part of antimony cycling in nature; however, regulation of these processes and the enzymology involved are unknown. in this study, comparative proteomics and reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis of sb(iii)-oxidizing bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens gw4 revealed an ...	2015	25909855
identification of the genes involved in the fruiting body production and cordycepin formation of cordyceps militaris fungus.	a mutant library of cordyceps militaris was constructed by improved agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and screened for degradation features. six mutants with altered characters in in vitro and in vivo fruiting body production, and cordycepin formation were found to contain a single copy t-dna. t-dna flanking sequences of these mutants were identified by thermal asymmetric interlaced-pcr approach. atp-dependent helicase, cytochrome oxidase subunit i and ubiquitin-like activating e ...	2015	25892913
current technologies and related issues for mushroom transformation.	mushroom transformation requires a series of experimental steps, including generation of host strains with a desirable selective marker, design of vector dna, removal of host cell wall, introduction of foreign dna across the cell membrane, and integration into host genomic dna or maintenance of an autonomous vector dna inside the host cell. this review introduces limitations and obstacles related to transformation technologies along with possible solutions. current methods for cell wall removal ...	2015	25892908
overexpression of a gmcnx1 gene enhanced activity of nitrate reductase and aldehyde oxidase, and boosted mosaic virus resistance in soybean.	molybdenum cofactor (moco) is required for the activities of moco-dependant enzymes. cofactor for nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase (cnx1) is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of moco in plants. in this work, a soybean (glycine max l.) cnx1 gene (gmcnx1) was transferred into soybean using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. twenty seven positive transgenic soybean plants were identified by coating leaves with phosphinothricin, bar protein quick dip stick a ...	2015	25886067
microbiological stability of canned tuna produced in italy and in non-european countries.	the results of a study on the microbiological stability of canned tuna produced by italian companies and similar canned products manufactured in countries outside europe are reported herein. the study involved 38 samples of canned tuna of various brands, of which 14 were produced by companies outside europe and 24 by italian companies. qualitative and quantitative microbiological tests were conducted for the following parameters: bacterial colony counts at 30°c, total coliforms, total enterobact ...	2015	27800383
effects of tung oilseed fad2 and dgat2 genes on unsaturated fatty acid accumulation in rhodotorula glutinis and arabidopsis thaliana.	genetic engineering to produce valuable lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids (ufas) holds great promise for food and industrial applications. efforts to genetically modify plants to produce desirable ufas with single enzymes, however, have had modest success. the key enzymes fatty acid desaturase (fad) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat) are responsible for ufa biosynthesis (a push process) and assembling fatty acids into lipids (a pull process) in plants, respectively. to examine the ...	2015	25754996
molecular and phenotypic characterization of agrobacterium species from vineyards allows identification of typical agrobacterium vitis and atypical biovar 1 strains.	to molecularly and phenotypically characterize a selection of agrobacterium-like isolates from grapevine canes, crowns, soil and tumours in plants grown under cold conditions.	2015	25752332
characterization of the highly active fragment of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter for recombinant protein expression in pleurotus ostreatus.	developing efficient native promoters is important for improving recombinant protein expression by fungal genetic engineering. the promoter region of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene in pleurotus ostreatus (pogpd) was isolated and optimized by upstream truncation. the activities of these promoters with different lengths were further confirmed by fluorescence, quantitative real-time pcr and western blot analysis. a truncated pogpd-p2 fragment (795 bp) drove enhanced green fluorescenc ...	2015	25743073
a functional genomics method for assaying gene function in phytopathogenic fungi through host-induced gene silencing mediated by agroinfiltration.	with the rapid growth of genomic information, there is an increasing demand for efficient analysis tools to study the function of predicted genes coded in genomes. agroinfiltration, the delivery of gene constructs into plant cells by agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltrated into leaves, is one such versatile, simple, and rapid technique that is increasingly used for transient gene expression assay in plants. in this chapter, we focus on the use of agroinfiltration as a functional genomics research ...	2015	25740365
a high-throughput rna interference (rnai)-based approach using hairy roots for the study of plant-rhizobia interactions.	legumes are major contributors to sustainable agriculture; their key feature is their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. legumes are often recalcitrant to regeneration and transformation by agrobacterium tumefaciens; however, a. rhizogenes-mediated root transformation and composite plant generation are rapid and convenient alternatives to study root biology, including root nodule symbiosis. rna interference (rnai), coupled with a. rhizogenes-mediated root tr ...	2015	25740364
transgene-induced gene silencing in plants.	rnai is the most important reverse genetics tool to trigger transgenic gene silencing, which is now applied widely to investigate gene function and also practically applied to enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. recently, the most effective way to induce transgenic gene silencing is to introduce inverted repeat (ir) double-stranded rna (dsrna) or artificial microrna (amirna) instead of a transgenic sense or antisense strand of genes. the stable transgenic plants can be acquired thro ...	2015	25740359
against friend and foe: type 6 effectors in plant-associated bacteria.	bacterial secretion systems play critical roles in communication with neighboring bacteria and in the modulation of host immune responses via the secretion of small proteins called effectors. several secretion systems have been identified and these are denoted types i-vii. of these, the type vi secretion system (t6ss) and its effectors were only recently elucidated. most studies on the role and significance of the t6ss and its effectors have focused on human pathogens. in this review, type 6 eff ...	2015	25732741
a ku70 null mutant improves gene targeting frequency in the fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae.	to overcome the challenges met with gene deletion in the plant pathogen verticillium dahliae, a mutant strain with impaired non-homologous end joining dna repair was generated to improve targeted gene replacement frequencies. a v. dahliae 991 δvdku70 null mutant strain was generated using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. despite having impaired non-homologous end joining dna repair function, the δvdku70 strain exhibited normal growth, reproduction capability, and pathogenicity ...	2015	26475327
atp-binding cassette (abc) transport system solute-binding protein-guided identification of novel d-altritol and galactitol catabolic pathways in agrobacterium tumefaciens c58.	innovations in the discovery of the functions of uncharacterized proteins/enzymes have become increasingly important as advances in sequencing technology flood protein databases with an exponentially growing number of open reading frames. this study documents one such innovation developed by the enzyme function initiative (efi; u54gm093342), the use of solute-binding proteins for transport systems to identify novel metabolic pathways. in a previous study, this strategy was applied to the tripart ...	2015	26472925
the agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein vire3 is a transcriptional activator of the f-box gene vbf.	during agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of plant cells a part of the tumour-inducing plasmid, t-dna, is integrated into the host genome. in addition, a number of virulence proteins are translocated into the host cell. the virulence protein vire3 binds to the arabidopsis thaliana pbrp protein, a plant-specific general transcription factor of the tfiib family. to study a possible role for vire3 in transcriptional regulation, we stably expressed vire3 in a. thaliana under control o ...	2015	26461850
effect of leaf incubation temperature profiles on agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression.	agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression is known to be highly dependent on incubation temperature. compared with early studies that were conducted at constant temperature, we examined the effect of variable leaf incubation temperature on transient expression. as a model system, synthetic endoglucanase (e1) and endoxylanase (xyn10a) genes were transiently expressed in detached whole sunflower leaves via vacuum infiltration for biofuel applications. we found that the kinetics of tr ...	2015	25829353
comparison and evaluation of two diagnostic methods for detection of npt ii and gus genes in nicotiana tabacum.	to diminish the time required for some diagnostic assays including polymerase chain reaction (pcr), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) and also a visual detection protocol on the basis of npt ii and gus genes in transgenic tobacco plants were used. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of nicotiana tabacum leaf discs was performed with plant transformation vector of pbi 121. from kanamycin-resistant plants selected by their antibiotic resistance, four plants were selected ...	2015	25820356
transient plant transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens: principles, methods and applications.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used as a versatile tool for development of stably transformed model plants and crops. however, the development of agrobacterium based transient plant transformation methods attracted substantial attention in recent years. transient transformation methods offer several applications advancing stable transformations such as rapid and scalable recombinant protein production and in planta functional genomics studies. herein, we highlight agrobacterium and plant ge ...	2015	25819757
a fungal transcription factor gene is expressed in plants from its own promoter and improves drought tolerance.	a fungal gene encoding a transcription factor is expressed from its own promoter in arabidopsis phloem and improves drought tolerance by reducing transpiration and increasing osmotic potential. horizontal gene transfer from unrelated organisms has occurred in the course of plant evolution, suggesting that some foreign genes may be useful to plants. the cthsr1 gene, previously isolated from the halophytic yeast candida tropicalis, encodes a heat-shock transcription factor-related protein. cthsr1, ...	2015	25809153
nicotine-degrading microorganisms and their potential applications.	nicotine-degrading microorganisms (ndms) are a special microbial group which can use nicotine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth. since the 1950s, the bioconversion of nicotine by microbes has received increasing attention, and several ndms have been identified, such as arthrobacter nicotinovorans, microsporum gypseum, pellicularia filamentosa jts-208, and pseudomonas sp. 41. in recent years, increasing numbers of ndms have been isolated and identified from tobacco plantation soil ...	2015	25805341
interaction of the agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein vird2 with histones.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium that genetically transforms plants and, under laboratory conditions, also transforms non-plant organisms, such as fungi and yeasts. during the transformation process a piece of ssdna (t-strand) is transferred into the host cells via a type iv secretion system. the vird2 relaxase protein, which is covalently attached at the 5' end of the t-strand through tyr29, mediates nuclear entry as it contains a nuclear localization sequence. how th ...	2015	25505187
an efficient plant regeneration and agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tagetes erecta.	tagetes erecta, l. an asteraceous plant of industrial and medicinal value, contains important compounds like pyrethrins, thiophenes and lutein, possessing immense potential for insecticidal, nematicidal and nutraceutical activities. considering the importance and demand for these natural compounds, genetic manipulation of this crop for better productivity of secondary metabolites holds great significance. a rapid and reproducible direct regeneration and genetic transformation system is the prere ...	2015	25504508
insights into the polerovirus-plant interactome revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.	identification of host proteins interacting with the aphidborne potato leafroll virus (plrv) from the genus polerovirus, family luteoviridae, is a critical step toward understanding how plrv and related viruses infect plants. however, the tight spatial distribution of plrv to phloem tissues poses challenges. a polyclonal antibody raised against purified plrv virions was used to coimmunoprecipitate virus-host protein complexes from nicotiana benthamiana tissue inoculated with an infectious plrv c ...	2015	25496593
a rapid and stable agrobacterium-mediated transformation method of a medicinal plant chelone glabra l.	transformation approach is a useful tool for the study of gene function, the mechanism of molecular regulation, and increase usefulness of components by reverse genetic approach in plants. in this study, we developed a stable and rapid method for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a medicinal plant chelone glabra l. using leaf explants. stable transformants were obtained using agrobacterium tumefaciens strains gv2260 and gv3101 that harbored the binary vector pbi121 and contained the neomy ...	2015	25492686
application of sonication in combination with vacuum infiltration enhances the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in indian soybean cultivars.	soybean is a recalcitrant crop to agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. development of highly efficient, reproducible, and genotype-independent transformation protocol is highly desirable for soybean genetic improvement. hence, an improved agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol has been developed for cultivar pk 416 by evaluating various parameters including agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (lba4404, eha101, and eha105 harboring pcambia1304 plasmid), sonication duration ...	2015	25480345
genomic characterization of a temperate phage of the psychrotolerant deep-sea bacterium aurantimonas sp.	a temperate phage (termed amm-1) was identified from the psychrotolerant rhizobiales bacterium aurantimonas sp. c5-1, which was isolated from bathypelagic water (water depth = 1,500 m) in the northwest pacific. the amm-1 genome is 47,800 bp in length and contains 67 coding sequences. although phage amm-1 morphologically belongs to the family myoviridae, its genomic structure, particularly modular genome organization, is similar to that of lambda-type phages of siphoviridae. genetic and phylogene ...	2015	25354565
biological activities of the antiviral protein be27 from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).	the ribosome inactivating protein be27 displays several biological activities in vitro that could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens. beetin 27 (be27), a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves, is an antiviral protein induced by virus and signaling compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. its role as a defense protein has been attributed to its rna polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity. here we tested other pu ...	2015	25326773
blocking single-stranded transferred dna conversion to double-stranded intermediates by overexpression of yeast dna replication factor a.	agrobacterium tumefaciens delivers its single-stranded transferred dna (t-strand) into the host cell nucleus, where it can be converted into double-stranded molecules. various studies have revealed that double-stranded transfer dna (t-dna) intermediates can serve as substrates by as yet uncharacterized integration machinery. nevertheless, the possibility that t-strands are themselves substrates for integration cannot be ruled out. we attempted to block the conversion of t-strands into double-str ...	2015	25424309
efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in valsa mali var. mali.	valsa mali var. mali, the causal agent of valsa canker of apple, causes great loss of apple production in apple producing regions. the pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen has not been studied extensively, thus a suitable gene marker for pathogenic invasion analysis and a random insertion of t-dna for mutants are desirable. in this paper, we reported the construction of a binary vector pko1-hph containing a positive selective gene hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph), a reporter gene gfp conferri ...	2015	25423905
construction of infectious clones of tomato torrado virus and their delivery by agroinfiltration.	the first biologically active infectious clones of tomato torrado virus (totv) were generated and delivered into nicotiana benthamiana and solanum lycopersicum plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the engineered constructs consisted of pcr-amplified complementary dnas derived from the totv rna1 and rna2 components, individually inserted into an engineered pgreen binary vector between the camv 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator. these constructs were introduced into the plant hosts by ...	2015	25416854
tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.).	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is the predominant cool-season perennial grass in the united states. it is widely used for both forage and turf purposes. this chapter describes a protocol that allows for the generation of a large number of transgenic tall fescue plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. embryogenic calli induced from caryopsis are used as explants for inoculation with a. tumefaciens. the agrobacterium strain used is eha105. hygromycin phosphotransfer ...	2015	25416272
poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex klotzsch).	genetic engineering is an important tool for introducing desired genes into poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex klotzsch). we describe in this chapter an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for poinsettia. a detailed description of genetic transformation, antibiotic selection, subsequent regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, and rooting as well as molecular and morphological analyses is included. the methodology described here could facilitate the future engineer ...	2015	25416270
hemp (cannabis sativa l.).	hemp (cannabis sativa l.) suspension culture cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 carrying the binary plasmid pnov3635. the plasmid contains a phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) selectable marker gene. cells transformed with pmi are capable of metabolizing the selective agent mannose, whereas cells not expressing the gene are incapable of using the carbon source and will stop growing. callus masses proliferating on selection medium were screened for pmi expression usin ...	2015	25416268
taro (colocasia esculenta (l.) schott).	genetic engineering of taro is an effective method to improve taro quality and the resistance to various diseases of taro. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of taro is more efficient than the particle bombardment transformation method based on current research. the development of a regeneration system starting from taro shoot tip explants could produce dasheen mosaic virus (dsmv)-free plantlets. highly regenerative calluses could be developed from dsmv-free, in vitro plantlets on ...	2015	25416252
carrot (daucus carota l.).	plants are susceptible to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens. a range of proteins have been evaluated that can enhance tolerance to these pathogens by heterologous expression in transgenic carrot tissues. the protocols for carrot transformation with arabidopsis npr1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1) are described in this chapter, using the herbicide resistance gene bar, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, as a selectable marker. in this protocol, petiol ...	2015	25416249
sunflower (helianthus annuus l.).	sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) is still considered as a recalcitrant species to in vitro culture and transformation in spite of the publication of different protocols. here we describe a routine transformation system of this crop which requires mature ha89 genotype seeds and agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 strain for gene delivery, being both easily available. selection of transformed shoots depends on root development in kanamycin-selective media, instead of shoot color, avoiding selection o ...	2015	25416248
jatropha (jatropha curcas l.).	the seed oil of jatropha (jatropha curcas l.) as a source of biodiesel fuel is gaining worldwide importance. commercial-scale exploration of jatropha has not succeeded due to low and unstable seed yield in semiarid lands unsuitable for the food production and infestation to diseases. genetic engineering is promising to improve various agronomic traits in jatropha and to understand the molecular functions of key jatropha genes for molecular breeding. we describe a protocol routinely followed in o ...	2015	25416246
engineering isoprenoid biosynthesis in artemisia annua l. for the production of taxadiene: a key intermediate of taxol.	taxadiene is the first committed precursor to paclitaxel, marketed as taxol, arguably the most important anticancer agent against ovarian and breast cancer. in taxus, taxadiene is directly synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) that is the common precursor for diterpenoids and is found in most plants and microbes. in this study, artemisia annua l., a chinese medicinal herb that grows fast and is rich in terpenoids, was used as a genetic engineering host to produce taxadiene. the txs ...	2015	25705665
rhizobium metallidurans sp. nov., a symbiotic heavy metal resistant bacterium isolated from the anthyllis vulneraria zn-hyperaccumulator.	a gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (chimec512(t)) was isolated from 56 host seedlings of the hyperaccumulating anthyllis vulneraria legume, which was on an old zinc mining site at les avinières, saint-laurent-le-minier, gard, south of france. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, strain chimec512(t) was shown to belong to the genus rhizobium and to be most closely related to rhizobium endophyticum ccge 2052(t) (98.4%), rhizobium tibeticum ccbau ...	2015	25701848
a novel sterol regulatory element-binding protein gene (srea) identified in penicillium digitatum is required for prochloraz resistance, full virulence and erg11 (cyp51) regulation.	penicillium digitatum is the most destructive postharvest pathogen of citrus fruits, causing fruit decay and economic loss. additionally, control of the disease is further complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains due to the extensive use of triazole antifungal drugs. in this work, an orthologus gene encoding a putative sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp) was identified in the genome of p. digitatum and named srea. the putative srea protein contains a conserved domain ...	2015	25699519
optimization of chlorella vulgaris and bioflocculant-producing bacteria co-culture: enhancing microalgae harvesting and lipid content.	microalgae are a sustainable bioresource, and the biofuel they produce is widely considered to be an alternative to limited natural fuel resources. however, microalgae harvesting is a bottleneck in the development of technology. axenic chlorella vulgaris microalgae exhibit poor harvesting, as expressed by a flocculation efficiency of 0·2%. this work optimized the co-culture conditions of c. vulgaris and bioflocculant-producing bacteria in synthetic wastewater using response surface methodology ( ...	2015	25693426
aboveground insect infestation attenuates belowground agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.	agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease. although agrobacterium can be popularly used for genetic engineering, the influence of aboveground insect infestation on agrobacterium induced gall formation has not been investigated. nicotiana benthamiana leaves were exposed to a sucking insect (whitefly) infestation and benzothiadiazole (bth) for 7 d, and these exposed plants were inoculated with a tumorigenic agrobacterium strain. we evaluated, both in planta and in vitro, how whitefly inf ...	2015	25676198
rhizobium pusense is the main human pathogen in the genus agrobacterium/rhizobium.	rhizobium pusense was recently described after isolation from the rhizosphere of chickpea. multilocus sequence-based analysis of clinical isolates identified as agrobacterium (rhizobium) radiobacter demonstrated that r. pusense is the main human pathogen within agrobacterium (rhizobium) spp. clinical microbiology of agrobacterium (rhizobium) should be considered in the light of recent taxonomic changes.	2015	25669878
a simple and efficient genetic transformation method of ganoderma weberianum.	in this study, the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for ganderma weberianum has been established. driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), β-glucuronidase (uida), and enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) genes have been efficiently expressed in transgenic mycelia and spores. the transformation system was composed of the growing mycelia, a. tumefaciens strain gv3101, and the expression vector pbi-h1, harborin ...	2015	25655754
comparative whole-genome analyses of selection marker-free rice-based cholera toxin b-subunit vaccine lines and wild-type lines.	we have developed a rice-based oral cholera vaccine named mucorice-ctb (cholera toxin b-subunit) by using an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation system. to assess the genome-wide effects of this system on the rice genome, we compared the genomes of three selection marker-free mucorice-ctb lines with those of two wild-type rice lines (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). mutation profiles of the transgenic and wild-type genomes were examined by next-generation sequencing (ngs).	2015	25653106
identification of pathogenicity-related genes in the rice pathogen ustilaginoidea virens through random insertional mutagenesis.	agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) is becoming a popular effective system as an insertional mutagenesis tool in filamentous fungi. to gain more insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut disease, a t-dna insertion mutant library of u. virens was established using atmt. we optimized a range of conditions to improve the transformation efficiency. transformants were most effectively obtai ...	2015	25636735
progress in genetic engineering of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.)--a review.	peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is a major species of the family, leguminosae, and economically important not only for vegetable oil but as a source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. it is widely grown in the semi-arid tropics and plays a role in the world agricultural economy. peanut production and productivity is constrained by several biotic (insect pests and diseases) and abiotic (drought, salinity, water logging and temperature aberrations) stresses, as a result of which crop experiences ser ...	2015	25626474
snare-rnai results in higher terpene emission from ectopically expressed caryophyllene synthase in nicotiana benthamiana.	plants produce numerous terpenes and much effort has been dedicated to the identification and characterization of the terpene biosynthetic genes. however, little is known about how terpenes are transported within the cell and from the cell into the apoplast. to investigate a putative role of vesicle fusion in this process, we used agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient coexpression in nicotiana benthamiana of an mtvamp721e-rnai construct (vi) with either a caryophyllene synthase or a linal ...	2015	25598143
genomic analyses of metal resistance genes in three plant growth promoting bacteria of legume plants in northwest mine tailings, china.	to better understand the diversity of metal resistance genetic determinant from microbes that survived at metal tailings in northwest of china, a highly elevated level of heavy metal containing region, genomic analyses was conducted using genome sequence of three native metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb). it shows that: mesorhizobium amorphae ccnwgs0123 contains metal transporters from p-type atpase, cdf (cation diffusion facilitator), hupe/urej and chr (chromate ion transpor ...	2015	25597676
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of iranian teucrium polium against some of phytobacteria.	the antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of teucrium polium was determined against pseudomonas aeruginosa, pantoea agglomerans, brenneria nigrifluens, rhizobium radiobacter, rhizobium vitis, streptomyces scabies, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas campestris and pectobacterium cartovorum by disc diffusion method. minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. chemical composition of essential ...	2015	25583240