Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| assessment of baseline age-specific antibody prevalence and incidence of infection to novel influenza a/h1n1 2009. | the objectives of the h1n1 2009 serological surveillance project were twofold: to document (1) the prevalence of cross-reactive antibodies to h1n1 2009 by age group in the population of england prior to arrival of the pandemic strain virus in the uk and (2) the age-specific incidence of infection by month as the pandemic progressed by measuring increases in the proportion of individuals with antibodies to h1n1 2009 by age. | 2010 | 21208549 |
| a randomised, partially observer blind, multicentre, head-to-head comparison of a two-dose regimen of baxter and glaxosmithkline h1n1 pandemic vaccines, administered 21 days apart. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of baxter cell-cultured, non-adjuvanted, whole-virion h1n1 vaccine, and glaxosmithkline as03(a)-adjuvanted split-virion h1n1 vaccine with respect to the eu committee for medicinal products for human use (chmp) and the us food and drug administration (fda) licensing criteria. | 2010 | 21208550 |
| zoonotic linkage and variation in cryptosporidium parvum from patients in the united kingdom. | relationships between patient exposure risks and variation within the cryptosporidium parvum 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene were explored in samples isolated from human cases of cryptosporidiosis (n=69) in england and wales. gp60 family iia predominated (n=56), followed by iid (n=9). one case was iic, a newly named genotype iica5g3j, and isolates from three cases did not amplify with the gp60 primers. cases with gp60 family iia were more likely than iid to have visited a farm, or had contact wi ... | 2010 | 21193928 |
| no right to roam england's coast, yet. | 2010 | 21194713 | |
| a survey of the management of needlestick injuries from incapacitated patients in intensive care units. | the human tissue act 2004 and mental capacity act 2005 resulted in a change in the management of needlestick injuries sustained from incapacitated patients. it appears unlawful to test for blood-borne viruses without a patient's consent for the sole benefit of the healthcare worker. this survey of intensive care units within england, wales and northern ireland investigated how needlestick injuries from incapacitated patients had been managed within the previous year. of the 225 intensive care un ... | 2010 | 21198483 |
| brief communication: developmental dysplasia of the hip in medieval london. | developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh) is a spectrum of disease starting in childhood and in many cases persisting into adulthood. the spectrum ranges from acetabular dysplasia, through hip subluxation to dislocation. the aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and pathoanatomy of acetabular dysplasia and subluxation in excavated human skeletal remains, to complement past research on dislocation in ddh. the material under study was the medieval cemetery of st. mary spital in londo ... | 2010 | 21302274 |
| ectopic pregnancy: using the hcg ratio to select women for expectant or medical management. | objective. to identify variables that can be used to select women with an ectopic pregnancy for expectant or medical management with systemic methotrexate. design. cohort study. setting. early pregnancy unit of a london teaching hospital. population. women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy managed non-surgically. methods. the diagnosis of tubal ectopic pregnancy was made using transvaginal sonography. human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) levels had to be taken at 0 hour and 48 hours pre-treatment. o ... | 2010 | 21306315 |
| understanding mortality in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in england and wales. | the causes of recurrent waves in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic are not fully understood. | 2010 | 21306572 |
| human resources. the art of persuasion. | 2010 | 21287839 | |
| out of our heads! four perspectives on the curation of an on-line exhibition of medically themed artwork by uk medical undergraduates. | the medical school at bristol university is noted for offering, and in some instances requiring, its students to work creatively with medical themes. students, artists, educationalists and a web designer have worked to create an on-line exhibition of the resulting creative output. this can be viewed at www.outofourheads.net. this site is a themed repository of poetry, prose, drawings, paintings, cartoons, films, music, dance and rap. most works come with commentaries that can be as illuminating ... | 2010 | 21321667 |
| predicting national exposure to a point source chemical: japan and endocrine disruption as an example. | the predicted aquatic estrogen concentrations for the whole of england and japan were determined and compared using population and flow data. the overall value for english surface waters was 0.9 ng/l estradiol equivalents (eeq) compared to 0.1 ng/l overall for japan. available dilution of sewage effluent was considered to be more important than contraceptive pill usage in this relative risk. a national survey of japanese rivers using the yeast estrogen assay (yes) gave a median value of 0.27 ng/ ... | 2010 | 21166455 |
| tetrabromobisphenol-a, hexabromocyclododecane and its degradation products in uk human milk: relationship to external exposure. | tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbp-a), hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) and its degradation products were determined in 34 human milk samples from birmingham, uk. tbbp-a was detected in 36% of samples (average=0.06 ng g(-1) lw), with hbcds detected in all samples (average σhbcds=5.95 ng g(-1) lw). α-hbcd comprised 62-95% σhbcds while β- and γ-hbcd constituted 2-18% and 3-33% respectively. enantioselective enrichment of (-)-α-hbcd (average enantiomer fraction=0.29) was observed indicating potential enantio ... | 2010 | 21167604 |
| social policy for people with dementia in england: promoting human rights? | this paper discusses whether current uk social policy promotes the human rights of people with dementia living in england. the author focuses on the role of recent legal reforms and key developments in social care policy--notably the mental capacity act 2005 and the 2009 national dementia strategy--in facilitating their human rights to liberty and self-determination, particularly a right to choose to live at home. the extent to which the national dementia strategy provides access to services and ... | 2010 | 20561073 |
| has actuarial aging "slowed" over the past 250 years? a comparison of small-scale subsistence populations and european cohorts. | g.c. williams's 1957 hypothesis famously argues that higher age-independent, or "extrinsic," mortality should select for faster rates of senescence. long-lived species should therefore show relatively few deaths from extrinsic causes such as predation and starvation. theoretical explorations and empirical tests of williams's hypothesis have flourished in the past decade but it has not yet been tested empirically among humans. we test williams's hypothesis using mortality data from subsistence po ... | 2009 | 19220451 |
| determinants of personal exposure to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts, and co in a transport microenvironment. | short-term human exposure concentrations to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts (particle range: 0.02-1 microm), and carbon monoxide (co) were investigated at and around a street canyon intersection in central london, uk. during a four week field campaign, groups of four volunteers collected samples at three timings (morning, lunch, and afternoon), along two different routes (a heavily trafficked route and a backstreet route) via five modes of transport (walking, cycling, bus, car, and taxi). this ... | 2009 | 19673259 |
| disease presentation in relation to infection foci for non-pregnancy-associated human listeriosis in england and wales, 2001 to 2007. | listeriosis is a rare but severe food-borne disease, affecting unborn or newly delivered infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. the epidemiology of listeriosis in england and wales changed between 2001 and 2007, with more patients > or = 60 years old presenting with bacteremia (but without central nervous system [cns] involvement). in order to explain this increase and understand the altered disease presentation, clinical, microbiological, and seasonal data on bacteremic cases of liste ... | 2009 | 19675217 |
| [joseph toynbee--otologist, scientist, philanthropist]. | joseph tonbee's life's work may be summarized in the words of william wilde: "the labours and investigations of mr. toynbee have affected more for aural pathology than those of all his predecessors either in england or on the continent". some idea of the extent of his researches is given by the fact that he dissected some 2.000 ears. these preparations formed the toynbee collection in the museum of the royal college of surgeons of england. he wrote the results of his researches in a catalogue th ... | 2009 | 19681496 |
| four at-risk groups will be first to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical officer. | 2009 | 19687089 | |
| a non-synonymous variant in adh1b is strongly associated with prenatal alcohol use in a european sample of pregnant women. | pregnant women are advised to abstain from alcohol despite insufficient evidence on the fetal consequences of moderate prenatal alcohol use. mendelian randomization could help distinguish causal effects from artifacts due to residual confounding and measurement errors; however, polymorphisms reliably associated with alcohol phenotypes are needed. we aimed to test whether alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene variants were associated with alcohol use before and during pregnancy. ten variants in four a ... | 2009 | 19687126 |
| a tribute to barney marriott. | in this brief tribute to barney marriott, i wanted to share the story of his life both personal and professional. barney was a great man, friend, physician, mentor, teacher, and/or colleague to thousands of physicians, nurses, technicians, and industry groups worldwide, many of whom may not be aware of his passing on august 31, 2007. one simply could not have gotten through cardiology training at any level without having been exposed to 1 of his 21 textbooks or his 140 plus journal articles, or ... | 2009 | 19695376 |
| clinical characteristics of paediatric h1n1 admissions in birmingham, uk. | 2009 | 19700001 | |
| incidence of swine flu in england continues to fall, but winter surge is predicted. | 2009 | 19700521 | |
| a cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in england. | lesions on sows' limbs and bodies are an abnormality that might impact on their welfare. the prevalence of and risks for limb and body lesions on lactating sows on commercial english pig farms were investigated using direct observation of the sows and their housing. | 2009 | 19703273 |
| hereditary hemochromatosis gene (hfe) variants are associated with birth weight and childhood leukemia risk. | our original studies reported an association between the iron-metabolism gene hfe and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), and a birth weight association in all. through its effect on cell proliferation, iron is involved in both fetal development and cancer. we hypothesize that hfe links higher infant birth weight with leukemia risk and that maternal hfe genotype modifies this association. | 2009 | 19711434 |
| surgeons prepared for every eventuality. | aspiring and experienced surgeons across the west midlands can now hone their skills in a highly realistic simulated operating theatre environment following the recent opening of a new surgical skills training centre at the university hospital of coventry and warwickshire, said to be among the uk's first such facilities to offer training using real human tissue. the west midlands surgical training centre also incorporates audiovisual and ip technology that will enable surgical procedures to be t ... | 2009 | 19711670 |
| the importance of school and social activities in the transmission of influenza a(h1n1)v: england, april - june 2009. | during the containment phase in the united kingdom (april to june 2009), a cluster of influenza a(h1n1)v cases was identified prompting further investigation and public health action by the health protection agency. the first confirmed case, a pupil at a school in england, was imported. during the following two weeks, 16 further cases were confirmed with epidemiological links to the first imported case. in this cluster, we found that significant transmission occurred in two classes with attack r ... | 2009 | 19712642 |
| monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct. | to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems. | 2009 | 19713236 |
| mortality in adult intensive care patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes is strongly associated with the hypo-immune tnf -238a polymorphism. | the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) is associated with activation of innate immunity. we studied the association between mortality and measures of disease severity in the intensive care unit (icu) and functional polymorphisms in genes coding for toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (mif), tumour necrosis factor (tnf) and lymphotoxin-alpha (lta). two hundred thirty-three patients with severe sirs were recruited from one general adult icu in a tertiary ... | 2009 | 19714324 |
| anatomy, technology, art, and culture: toward a realistic perspective of the brain. | in the 15th century, brain illustration began to change from a schematic system that involved scant objective rendering of the brain, to accurate depictions based on anatomical dissections that demanded significant artistic talent. notable examples of this innovation are the drawings of leonardo da vinci (1498-1504), andreas vesalius' association with the bottega of titian to produce the drawings of vesalius' de humani corporis fabrica (1543), and christopher wren's illustrations for thomas will ... | 2009 | 19722816 |
| public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. | to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales. | 2009 | 19574308 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-2 predicts mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of mmp (matrix metalloproteinase)-2, mmp-3 and mmp-9 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome for death, readmission with hf (heart failure) or recurrent mi (myocardial infarction) and to compare them with established markers, nt-probnp (n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide) and the grace (global registry of acute coronary events) score. a single blood test was taken 4 days after admission in 1024 consecutive patien ... | 2009 | 19583569 |
| preliminary descriptive epidemiology of a large school outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in the west midlands, united kingdom, may 2009. | this report describes the preliminary results from the investigation of a large school outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in birmingham, united kingdom in may 2009, when influenza a(h1n1)v was confirmed in 64 of 175 (36%) symptomatic pupils and members of staff. | 2009 | 19589329 |
| an outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in a boarding school in south east england, may-june 2009. | an outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v was confirmed in may and june 2009 in a boarding school in south east england involving 102 symptomatic cases with influenza-like illness. influenza a(h1n1)v infection was laboratory-confirmed by pcr in 62 pupils and one member of staff. | 2009 | 19589330 |
| cryptosporidium sp. rabbit genotype, a newly identified human pathogen. | 2009 | 19402985 | |
| verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in animals on public amenity premises in england and wales, 1997 to 2007. | at the request of the public health authorities, 31 public amenity premises in england and wales containing animals of various species were investigated for the presence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) o157 between 1997 and 2007, because of putative associations with human cases. vtec o157 was confirmed in one or more species on 19 (61.3 per cent) of the premises. there were significant associations between the presence of vtec o157 and the number of species sampled, the size of the ... | 2009 | 19411683 |
| no association between cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2 (chrm2) genetic variation and cognitive abilities in three independent samples. | cognitive ability has a substantial genetic component and more than 15 candidate genes have been identified over the past 8 years. one gene that has been associated with general cognitive ability is the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor (chrm2). in an attempt to replicate this finding we typed marker rs8191992 (the originally reported chrm2 snp) in two population based cohorts-one scottish aged over 50 years (n = 2,091) and the other english comprising non-demented elderly participants (n = 758) ... | 2009 | 19418213 |
| drug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt 120: use of pfge and mlva in a putative international outbreak investigation. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belonging to definitive phage type (dt) 120 (salmonella typhimurium dt 120) from simultaneous outbreaks of infection in the england and denmark have been compared on the basis of antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). isolates from england had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), mlva profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, ... | 2009 | 19432517 |
| compliance and side effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment in a school in south west england. | school closure along with mass prophylactic oseltamivir treatment of pupils have been used in england and elsewhere to contain school outbreaks of influenza a(h1n1)v. we evaluated the protective effect, compliance with and side effects of oseltamivir chemoprophylactic treatment with a ten-day course of 1x 75mg given to 11-12-year-old pupils in one school year in a secondary school in south west england closed for ten days in response to a symptomatic laboratory-confirmed pupil. we distributed a ... | 2009 | 19643061 |
| oseltamivir adherence and side effects among children in three london schools affected by influenza a(h1n1)v, may 2009 - an internet-based cross-sectional survey. | this report describes the results of a cross-sectional anonymised online survey on adherence to, and side effects from oseltamivir when offered for prophylaxis, among pupils from one primary and two secondary schools with confirmed cases of influenza a(h1n1)v in london in april-may 2009. of 103 respondents (response rate 40%), 95 were estimated to have been offered oseltamivir for prophylaxis, of whom 85 (89%) actually took any. less than half (48%) of primary schoolchildren completed a full cou ... | 2009 | 19643062 |
| modelling the impact of an influenza a/h1n1 pandemic on critical care demand from early pathogenicity data: the case for sentinel reporting. | projected critical care demand for pandemic influenza h1n1 in england was estimated in this study. the effect of varying hospital admission rates under statistical uncertainty was examined. early in a pandemic, uncertainty in epidemiological parameters leads to a wide range of credible scenarios, with projected demand ranging from insignificant to overwhelming. however, even small changes to input assumptions make the major incident scenario increasingly likely. before any cases are admitted to ... | 2009 | 19645759 |
| critical care bed capacity during the flu pandemic: implications for anaesthetic and critical care departments. | 2009 | 19645760 | |
| swine flu incidence in england is slowing down. | 2009 | 19651687 | |
| report of two unlinked cases of infant botulism in the uk in october 2007. | infant botulism is a rare disease in the uk, with the first case being recognized in 1978 and only five subsequent cases being reported before 2007. this study reports two unlinked cases of infant botulism, caused by two distinct strains of clostridium botulinum (toxin types a and b, respectively), that occurred within a single month in the south-east of england in october 2007. the use of real-time pcr to detect c. botulinum neurotoxin genes in clinical specimens to improve the diagnostic proce ... | 2009 | 19661202 |
| nevirapine increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration by stimulation of apolipoprotein a-i production. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti) nevirapine (nvp) increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdlc) in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-infected patients. | 2009 | 19667106 |
| a/h1n1 pandemic. too soon for congratulations. | 2009 | 19671603 | |
| an exploratory study of the effect of using high-mix biphasic insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes. | to compare blood glucose control when using biphasic insulin aspart (biasp) three times a day (using 70/30 high-mix before breakfast and lunch), with biphasic human insulin (bhi, 30/70) twice daily in adults with type 2 diabetes already treated with insulin. | 2009 | 19527481 |
| association of variants in the pcsk1 gene with obesity in the epic-norfolk study. | recently, the rs6232 (n221d) and rs6235 (s690t) snps in the pcsk1 gene were associated with obesity in a meta-analysis comprising more than 13 000 individuals of european ancestry. each additional minor allele of rs6232 or rs6235 was associated with a 1.34- or 1.22-fold increase in the risk of obesity, respectively. so far, only one relatively small study has aimed to replicate these findings, but could not confirm the association of the rs6235 snp and did not study the rs6232 variant. in the pr ... | 2009 | 19528091 |
| hpv testing in combination with liquid-based cytology in primary cervical screening (artistic): a randomised controlled trial. | testing for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is reportedly more sensitive than cytology for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the effectiveness of hpv testing in primary cervical screening was assessed in the artistic trial, which was done over two screening rounds approximately 3 years apart (2001-03 and 2004-07) by comparing liquid-based cytology (lbc) combined with hpv testing against lbc alone. | 2009 | 19540162 |
| prepared for a 'flu pandemic? i don't think so... | 2009 | 19540578 | |
| cost of treatment and qalys lost due to genital warts: data for the economic evaluation of hpv vaccines in the united kingdom. | data on the burden of genital warts in terms of treatment costs and detriment to quality of life (qol) are required to assess cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination. we investigated the cost of treatment and period of time for which qol is affected to obtain estimates of quality-adjusted life year (qaly) loss associated with an episode of genital warts. | 2009 | 19543143 |
| improving adherence to gh therapy with an electronic device: first experience with easypod. | endocrinology units in the uk and eire have, in recent years, moved away from offering a narrow range of injection devices and products to patients starting growth hormone (gh) treatment, and now most (approximately 90%) offer some form of patient choice. survey results from a unit in birmingham, uk, have shown that it is not possible to predict which device will be selected by a given patient based on their sex, age or diagnostic category. across the uk, there is, however, wide variability in t ... | 2009 | 19550392 |
| characterization of genetically diverse hiv type 1 from a london cohort: near full-length genomic analysis of a subtype h strain. | hiv-1 is characterized by an exceptional level of sequence diversity and a rapid rate of evolution. hiv diversity has implications for reliability of assays designed to detect and monitor infection, pathogenesis, disease progression, response to antiviral therapeutics, resistance pathways, and vaccine development. in the present study, hiv-1 strain diversity was assessed for a small clinical cohort (n = 15) from london, england at risk for infection with non-subtype b strains. analysis of gag p2 ... | 2009 | 19552591 |
| temperance, alcohol, and the american evangelical: a reassessment. | abstinence from alcohol is a way of life for many american evangelicals, with rates of abstention running at over 70% among some pentecostal denominations. this paper examines the religious beliefs that, historically, have supported teetotalism. the most notable of these is christian perfection, a doctrine that originated in 18th-century england, that was then radicalized in america in the early 19th century. abstinence from alcohol is highest among denominations that make christian perfection t ... | 2009 | 19563558 |
| variation at the anp32a gene is associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women. | the anp32a gene encodes a tumor suppressor molecule that plays a regulatory role in apoptosis and interferes with canonical wnt signaling in vitro. we undertook this study to test whether genetic variation at anp32a was associated with osteoarthritis (oa) in women. | 2009 | 19565487 |
| the effect of exclusion of cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age on the estimates of preterm birth rate. | to investigate the effect of excluding cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age at birth on pregnancy outcome reporting and to determine the reasons for unrecorded gestational age data. | 2009 | 19438493 |
| inflammatory markers and growth in south asian and european origin infants in britain: the manchester children's growth and vascular health study. | given the high risk of cardiovascular disease in south asians and the importance of inflammation in coronary heart disease we tested the hypothesis that circulating c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin 6 (il-6) would be higher in healthy british born infants of south asian origin than in infants of european origin in the first 2 years of life. | 2009 | 19439300 |
| will the nhs continue to function in an influenza pandemic? a survey of healthcare workers in the west midlands, uk. | if uk healthcare services are to respond effectively to pandemic influenza, levels of absenteeism amongst healthcare workers (hcws) must be minimised. current estimates of the likelihood that hcws will continue to attend work during a pandemic are subject to scientific and predictive uncertainty, yet an informed evidence base is needed if contingency plans addressing the issues of hcw absenteeism are to be prepared. | 2009 | 19442272 |
| protecting infants against measles in england and wales: a review. | to establish the most appropriate age ranges for the use of human normal immunoglobulin and mmr vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. | 2009 | 19457878 |
| ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region. | the hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits to people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. the few studies that have examined the delivery of ecosystem services by existing conservation efforts have concentrated on large, 'wilderness'-style biodiversity reserves. however, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. here, we provide the first analyses that compar ... | 2009 | 19474040 |
| a randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (mitre). | to evaluate whether the additional information provided by minimally invasive glucose monitors results in improved glycaemic control in people with poorly controlled insulin-requiring diabetes, and to assess the acceptability and health economic impact of the devices. | 2009 | 19476724 |
| a strange and surprising debate: mountains, original sin and 'science' in seventeenth-century england. | it could come as a shock to learn that some seventeenth-century men of science and learning thought that mountains were bad. even more alarmingly, some thought that god had imposed them on the earth to punish man for his sins. by the end of the seventeenth century, surprisingly many english natural philosophers and theologians were engaged in a debate about whether mountains were 'good' or 'bad', useful or useless. at stake in this debate were not just the careers of its participants, but argume ... | 2009 | 19477013 |
| human metapneumovirus: a new threat? | 2009 | 19478119 | |
| statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in english rivers. | the widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some wastewater treatment works has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. this concern stems from the view that the effects observed have a parallel in humans, and that both phenomena are caused by exposure to mixtures of contaminants that interfere with reproductive development. the evidence for a "wildlife-human connection" is, however, weak: testicular dysgenesis syndrome, seen in human males ... | 2009 | 19479024 |
| research involving adults who lack capacity: how have research ethics committees interpreted the requirements? | two separate regulatory regimes govern research with adults who lack capacity to consent in england and wales: the mental capacity act (mca) 2005 and the medicines for human use (clinical trials) regulations 2004 ("the regulations"). a service evaluation was conducted to investigate how research ethics committees (recs) are interpreting the requirements. with the use of a coding scheme and qualitative software, a sample of rec decision letters where applicants indicated that their project involv ... | 2009 | 19482983 |
| familial spontaneous pneumothorax and lung cysts due to a folliculin exon 10 mutation. | approximately 10% of patients who have a spontaneous pneumothorax have a positive family history. in 1977, birt, hogg and dube (bhd) described a genodermatosis characterised by benign tumours of the hair follicle that has been associated with renal neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax. the bhd locus is located on chromosome 17p11.2 and is now known to be due to heterozygous germline mutations in the folliculin gene. we report three generations of an english family who suffered spontaneous pneu ... | 2009 | 19483054 |
| temporal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter spp, in young cattle. | escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens originating from farm animals. cattle are the main reservoir for e. coli o157 and also contribute to human cases of campylobacteriosis through contaminated milk, direct contact, and environmental contamination. thirty groups of young cattle on 30 farms were observed for 7 months and sampled on 4 to 6 separate occasions for e. coli o157 and c. jejuni/coli to characterize shedding patterns and identify ris ... | 2009 | 19343935 |
| surgeons' experience of learning psychological skills: a preliminary evaluation of a psychological skills training course. | a range of human factors have been shown to impact on surgical performance although little is known about the impact of training on the views of surgeons towards these factors or how receptive surgeons are to such training. | 2009 | 19344556 |
| dioxin and pcb contamination in chinese mitten crabs: human consumption as a control mechanism for an invasive species. | the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis is an invasive species in north american and northeastern european rivers and estuaries, especially the thames, england, with the potential to cause considerable ecological and structural environmental damage. the brown meat of sexually ripe mitten crabs is highly prized in far eastern restaurants, suggesting that harvesting for culinary purposes offers a potential population control mechanism. we have analyzed tissues of thames and dutch mitten crabs f ... | 2009 | 19350945 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls in domestic dust from canada, new zealand, united kingdom and united states: implications for human exposure. | ingestion of indoor dust has been highlighted as an important pathway of exposure to brominated flame retardants. hence, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in indoor dust from homes in amarillo/austin, tx, usa (n=20; median concentration=200 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); birmingham, uk (n=20; 48 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); toronto, canada (n=10; 260 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); and wellington, new zealand (n=20; 46 ng sigma pcb g(-1)). concentrations in canadian and us samples were statistically indisting ... | 2009 | 19356786 |
| recent origin and spread of a common welsh mapt splice mutation causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration. | ivs10+16c>t is the most prevalent mutation in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (mapt) causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ftld) in populations of british descent. a highly conserved 17q21 haplotype was identified in ivs10+16c>t chromosomes from north wales, greater manchester and the london areas of the uk, australia, and the usa, suggesting the occurrence of a common founder effect. to test this hypothesis, the age of the mutation was estimated by parametric and bayesian analy ... | 2009 | 19365643 |
| canine leishmaniosis in the united kingdom: a zoonotic disease waiting for a vector? | leishmaniosis is an important sand fly transmitted protozoan disease of dogs and humans. in northern europe, infection is mainly restricted to dogs that have travelled to and/or from endemic areas of the mediterranean region during periods when there is high sand fly exposure, mostly between march and november. infected dogs in these areas in northern latitudes are a potential reservoir should incursion of a competent vector occur. however, information on the scale of the potential reservoir in ... | 2009 | 19369005 |
| mental capacity to consent to treatment and admission decisions in older adult psychiatric inpatients. | there is little information about older adult psychiatric inpatients' capacity to consent to clinical decisions. in younger adults, lack of capacity is associated with poor insight and psychosis rather than cognitive impairment. we assessed the prevalence and predictors of mental capacity to make treatment and admission decisions in older psychiatric inpatients, and asked their views about who should make these decisions. | 2009 | 19378346 |
| improving male life expectancy in birmingham. | on average, a man in birmingham can expect to live 2 years less than men in the rest of england. taken together, diseases of the circulatory system are responsible for the majority of deaths. this paper lays out the challenge faced and the interventions used to close that gap, with a particular focus on a large-scale cardiovascular disease screening programme. data from general practitioners' registers were used to target men over 40 years of age to be invited to special screening clinics to ass ... | 2009 | 19100999 |
| interaction between pon1 and population density in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | paraoxonase polymorphisms have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). paraoxonases are detoxifying enzymes involved in the metabolism of organophosphates. we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation within paraoxonase genes would interact with the environmental exposure to paraoxonase substrates. we used population density in the location of residence of als patients as a surrogate marker for environmental exposure. paraoxonase genotypes at previously associated single nuc ... | 2009 | 19104460 |
| arsenic stability and mobilization in soil at an amenity grassland overlying chemical waste (st. helens, uk). | a 6.6 ha grassland, established on a former chemical waste site adjacent to a residential area, contains arsenic (as) in surface soil at concentrations 200 times higher than uk soil guideline values. the site is not recognized as statutory contaminated land, partly on the assumption that mobility of the metalloid presents a negligible threat to human health, groundwater and ecological receptors. evidence for this is evaluated, based on studies of the effect of organic (green waste compost) and i ... | 2009 | 19118933 |
| lack of association between aspirin responsiveness and seven candidate gene haplotypes in patients with symptomatic vascular disease. | we studied the effect of prophylactic aspirin (asa) ingestion on platelet function in 463 patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack (tia) or acute coronary disease (acd), using the platelet function analyzer-100 (pfa-100). we correlated asa responsiveness with haplotypes of seven candidate genes, selected for their documented role in platelet function, namely, the genes for integrins alpha2beta1and alphaiibbeta3 (itga2, itga2b, and itgb3), platelet glycoproteins ibalpha and vi (gpiba and g ... | 2009 | 19132198 |
| estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in england and wales. | a live-attenuated vaccine against herpes zoster (hz) has been approved for use, on the basis of a large-scale clinical trial that suggests that the vaccine is safe and efficacious. this study uses a markov cohort model to estimate whether routine vaccination of the elderly (60+) would be cost-effective, when compared with other uses of health care resources. vaccine efficacy parameters are estimated by fitting a model to clinical trial data. estimates of qaly losses due to acute hz and post-herp ... | 2009 | 19135492 |
| temporal relationship between influenza infections and subsequent first-ever stroke incidence. | 2009 | 19029068 | |
| the synergistic effect of autograft and bmp-7 in the treatment of atrophic nonunions. | combining autologous bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (bmp-7) to treat long-bone fracture aseptic atrophic nonunions theoretically could promote bone healing at higher rates than each of these grafting agents separately. we retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on patient general characteristics, clinical outcomes, and complications over 3 years to determine the healing rates and the incidence of complications and adverse events of this "graft expansi ... | 2009 | 19396502 |
| what motivated dr david livingstone (1813-73) in his work in africa? | born of humble beginnings in a scottish mill-town, david livingstone would become one of the great explorers of the 19th century, traversing 30,000 miles of unknown africa. his pioneering spirit and inquisitive mind brought knowledge and discoveries in the fields of tropical medicine, linguistics, botany, zoology, anthropology and geology. while it can be argued that livingstone exhibited contradictions and shortcomings as a man, he nonetheless grasped the imagination of victorian britain and he ... | 2009 | 19401513 |
| samuel alderman lomas (1838-1901) the man with two gravestones, his brother muscot atkin lomas (1840-1907) and their lives in victorian asylums. | samuel alderman lomas died in the hertfordshire county asylum, hill end, st albans in 1901. he was buried in the asylum cemetery where two gravestones bear his name. this paper traces his life history and that of his brother muscot atkin lomas. both were classed as idiots in victorian society and spent most of their lives -- from childhood until death -- in asylums. | 2009 | 19401514 |
| community hiv testing for men who have sex with men: results of a pilot project and comparison of service users with those testing in genitourinary medicine clinics. | results of a community hiv testing pilot (fastest) targeting men who have sex with men (msm) in brighton are reported and service users are compared with those testing in genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics. fastest offers rapid hiv testing in a weekly evening drop-in session staffed by gum professionals in a community organisation. it was prospectively evaluated from november 2004 to march 2006 using a self-completed paper questionnaire assessing demographics, previous use of gum, hiv testing ... | 2009 | 19060035 |
| variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. | the association between dtnbp1 genotype and cognitive abilities was investigated in three population samples (1054 scottish, 1806 australian and 745 english) of varying age. there was evidence in each of the cohorts for association (p < 0.05) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and haplotypes previously shown to relate to cognition. by comparison with previous findings, these associations included measures of memory, and there was at best equivocal evidence of association with general cogn ... | 2009 | 19077176 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar newport infection. | a large outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infection occurred in northern ireland during september and october 2004. typing of isolates from patients confirmed that this strain was indistinguishable from that in concurrent outbreaks in regions of england, in scotland and in the isle of man. a total of 130 cases were distributed unequally across local government district areas in northern ireland. the epidemic curve suggested a continued exposure over about 4 weeks. a matched case-c ... | 2009 | 19296871 |
| extending specialist palliative care to people with heart failure: semantic, historical and practical limitations to policy guidelines. | this paper explores the continuities and discontinuities in recent policy on the extension of palliative care to people with heart failure in the uk. it focuses on how professionals in cardiology and specialist palliative care negotiate their disciplinary boundaries within the context of these policy moves. it draws out the semantic, historical and practical tensions between the core values of cardiology, with its focus on 'living with heart failure', and specialist palliative medicine, with its ... | 2009 | 19297064 |
| man-midwives. | 2009 | 19297647 | |
| patients' and doctors' views on depression severity questionnaires incentivised in uk quality and outcomes framework: qualitative study. | to gain understanding of general practitioners' and patients' opinions of the routine introduction of standardised measures of severity of depression through the uk general practice quality and outcomes framework. | 2009 | 19299474 |
| antenatal screening and prevalence of infection: surveillance in london, 2000-2007. | in the united kingdom (uk), it is recommended to universally offer antenatal infection screening for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b and syphilis infections, and susceptibility to rubella for the benefit of the mother and to reduce vertical transmission of infection. this paper describes the surveillance of antenatal infection including uptake of screening, and the results of testing in pregnant women in london between 2000 and 2007. antenatal screening coordinators in liaison wi ... | 2009 | 19317973 |
| a chance meeting. | 2009 | 19318370 | |
| call to volunteer. | volunteers can contribute a great deal to people receiving health or social care. some of the quirky activities they offer are contact with owls and the provision of arts and crafts materials. | 2009 | 19323106 |
| osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand and risk for coronary events: a nested case-control approach in the prospective epic-norfolk population study 1993-2003. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (opg) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand (rankl) and future coronary artery disease (cad) in apparently healthy individuals. the identification of opg as a novel cardiovascular risk marker suggests an association between mediators of bone homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. | 2009 | 19325145 |
| risk factors for the occurrence of escherichia coli virulence genes eae, stx1 and stx2 in wild bird populations. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) can cause serious disease in human beings. ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir of human stec infections. however, stec have also been isolated from other domestic animals, wild mammals and birds. we describe a cross-sectional study of wild birds in northern england to determine the prevalence of e. coli-containing genes that encode shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin (eae), important virulence determinants of stec associated with h ... | 2009 | 19327201 |
| surgical research in the uk. | this review focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the law and ethics of research with practical advice for surgeons conducting clinical research. legal references apply to england and wales or to scotland, but the underlying ethical principles reflect modern approaches taken internationally. | 2009 | 19335967 |
| the effect of sex on risk of mortality during the black death in london, a.d. 1349-1350. | the black death of 1347-1351 was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history, and though it is frequently assumed that the epidemic killed indiscriminately, recent research suggests that the disease was selective, at least with respect to frailty. the purpose of this study is to determine whether the black death was similarly selective with respect to biological sex-that is, did either sex face an elevated risk during the epidemic or were men and women at equal risk of dying? a sample ... | 2009 | 19140182 |
| guidelines and the adoption of 'lipid rescue' therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. | gathering evidence from animal experiments, an editorial in this journal and published human case reports culminated in the association of anaesthetists of great britain and ireland recommending in august 2007 that lipid emulsion be immediately available to all patients given potentially cardiotoxic doses of local anaesthetic drugs. this development offered an opportunity to track the adoption of an innovation by anaesthetists in the uk and to gauge the effects of guidelines. two surveys, each o ... | 2009 | 19143686 |
| human resuscitation in the 17th century: an interesting case report. | 2009 | 19147206 | |
| meta association of colorectal cancer confirms risk alleles at 8q24 and 18q21. | genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (crc) have identified genetic variants that reproducibly associate with crc. associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 8q24, 9p24, and 18q21 (smad7) and crc were investigated in a three-center collaborative study including two u.k. case-control cohorts (sheffield and leeds) and a u.s. case-control study of crc cases from high-risk utah pedigrees. | 2009 | 19155440 |
| fine- and regional-scale genetic structure of the exotic ascidian styela clava (tunicata) in southwest england, 50 years after its introduction. | styela clava, an ascidian native to the northwest pacific, was first recorded in the atlantic at plymouth, southwest england, in 1953. it now ranges in the northeast atlantic from portugal to northern denmark, and has colonized the east coast of north america. within the region of first introduction, we aimed to characterize current genetic diversity in the species, elucidate the respective roles of human-aided vs. natural dispersal, and assess the extent of larval dispersal by looking for genet ... | 2009 | 19161467 |
| long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2000 to 2003. | to improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. the majority were either cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%) or cryptosporidium hominis (49.2%). dual infection occurred in 40 (0.5%) cases and six other known cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in 67 (0.9%) cases. these were cryptosporidium meleagridis, cryptosporidium felis, cryptosporidium can ... | 2009 | 19161717 |
| plastic surgery and burns disasters. what impact do major civilian disasters have upon medicine? bradford city football club stadium fire, 1985, king's cross underground fire, 1987, piper alpha offshore oil rig disaster, 1988. | major disasters involving multiple casualties are neither new nor infrequent. such events have important implications for medicine and can provide crucial lessons for the future. however, while the medical aspects of war have received considerable attention, rather less is known about civilian disasters. to redress this imbalance, this article reviews three major british disasters of the 1980s where serious burns injury was a significant feature of the human casualty: the bradford city football ... | 2009 | 19181578 |