Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
preparation for surgery in paediatric cases with swine flu: suggested procedure. 201020859039
2009 h1n1 swine flu: the 2010 perspective.in may 2009, as the h1n1 swine flu outbreak was in the early stages, a conference was held at the new york academy of sciences to discuss what was known about the virus and what was being done to stop the outbreak. in may 2010, a follow-up conference was again held at the new york academy of sciences, but now to discuss the h1n1 outbreak retrospectively. the report presented here summarizes the 2010 conference proceedings.201020860673
influenza a virus replication induces cell cycle arrest in g0/g1 phase.many viruses interact with the host cell division cycle to favor their own growth. in this study, we examined the ability of influenza a virus to manipulate cell cycle progression. our results show that influenza a virus a/wsn/33 (h1n1) replication results in g(0)/g(1)-phase accumulation of infected cells and that this accumulation is caused by the prevention of cell cycle entry from g(0)/g(1) phase into s phase. consistent with the g(0)/g(1)-phase accumulation, the amount of hyperphosphorylated ...201020861262
influenza a (h5n1) viruses from pigs, indonesia.pigs have long been considered potential intermediate hosts in which avian influenza viruses can adapt to humans. to determine whether this potential exists for pigs in indonesia, we conducted surveillance during 2005-2009. we found that 52 pigs in 4 provinces were infected during 2005-2007 but not 2008-2009. phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses had been introduced into the pig population in indonesia on at least 3 occasions. one isolate had acquired the ability to recognize a human-typ ...201020875275
pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus on commercial swine farm, thailand.a swine influenza outbreak occurred on a commercial pig farm in thailand. outbreak investigation indicated that pigs were co-infected with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and seasonal influenza (h1n1) viruses. no evidence of gene reassortment or pig-to-human transmission of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus was found during the outbreak.201020875285
psychological plan for coping with swine flu outbreak. 201020880273
differential receptor binding affinities of influenza hemagglutinins on glycan arrays.a library of 27 sialosides, including seventeen 2,3-linked and ten 2,6-linked glycans, has been prepared to construct a glycan array and used to profile the binding specificity of different influenza hemagglutinins (ha) subtypes, especially from the 2009 swine-originated h1n1 and seasonal influenza viruses. it was found that the has from the 2009 h1n1 and the seasonal brisbane strain share similar binding profiles yet different binding affinities toward various α2,6 sialosides. analysis of the b ...201020882975
molecular dynamics simulations suggest that electrostatic funnel directs binding of tamiflu to influenza n1 neuraminidases.oseltamivir (tamiflu) is currently the frontline antiviral drug employed to fight the flu virus in infected individuals by inhibiting neuraminidase, a flu protein responsible for the release of newly synthesized virions. however, oseltamivir resistance has become a critical problem due to rapid mutation of the flu virus. unfortunately, how mutations actually confer drug resistance is not well understood. in this study, we employ molecular dynamics (md) and steered molecular dynamics (smd) simula ...201020885781
evolutionary entropy determines invasion success in emergent epidemics.standard epidemiological theory claims that in structured populations competition between multiple pathogen strains is a deterministic process which is mediated by the basic reproduction number (r0) of the individual strains. a new theory based on analysis, simulation and empirical study challenges this predictor of success.201020886082
clinical profile of swine flu in children at puducherry.to study the clinical profile and outcome of children screened and diagnosed for swine flu at a tertiary care hospital.201020886318
spontaneous delivery during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in swine influenza-related acute respiratory failure. 201020887420
multiplexed detection and differentiation of the dna strains for influenza a (h1n1 2009) using a silicon-based microfluidic system.pandemic influenza by the swine-origin influenza virus (h1n1 2009) has attracted considerable concern worldwide. a convenient and accurate diagnostic approach that can be deployed at the point of care, such as in a doctor's office or at an airport, is critical for disease control. here we report the development of a silicon-based microfluidic system for subtype differentiation of the novel h1n1 2009 strain vs. the seasonal influenza a (flua) strain. the proposed system included two functional mo ...201020888214
dendritic cell activation by recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of h1n1 and h5n1 influenza a viruses.since dendritic cells may play a key role in defense against influenza virus infection, we examined the effects of recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) proteins derived from mouse-adapted h1n1 (a/wsn/1933), swine-origin 2009 pandemic h1n1 (a/texas/05/2009), and highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 (a/thailand/kan-1/2004) viruses on mouse myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs). the results reveal that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), interleukin-12 (il-12) p70, and major histocompatibility complex class ...201020844030
[transmissibility and pathogenicity of influenza viruses].in the spring of 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 virus, whose antigenicity is quite different from those of seasonal human h1n1 strains, emerged in mexico and readily transmitted and spread among humans, resulting in the first influenza pandemic in the 21st century. molecular analyses of the pandemic h1n1 2009 viruses indicate low-pathogenic features for humans, although worldwide transmission of the virus and a considerable numbers of lethal cases with acute pneumonia have been observed in the ...201020845737
[influenza-associated encephalopathy].acute encephalopathy is one of the most serious complications of pediatrics viral infections including influenza. it is characterized clinically by rapidly progressive brain damage following viral infection, and pathologically by brain edema in the absence of direct invasion of the virus and inflammatory cells. recently, it has been classified into several categories according to the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis. in 2009, an outbreak of ah1n1 (swine) influenza was discovered in nort ...201020845744
[virological characteristics of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus].in the spring of 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 virus, whose antigenicity is quite different from those of seasonal human h1n1 strains, emerged in mexico and readily transmitted and spread among humans, resulting in the first influenza pandemic in the 21st century. this novel h1n1 virus was shown to be a triple reassortant comprising genes derived from avian, human, and swine viruses. here, we review our current knowledge of this pandemic influenza virus and discuss future aspects of the pandem ...201020848859
real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for differentiating the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus from swine influenza viruses.since the pandemic h1n1 2009 (h1n1pdm) influenza virus emerged in human in 2009, h1n1pdm, classical swine h1, eurasian avian-like h1, human-like h1 and human-like h3 swine influenza viruses have circulated in pig populations, and avian h9n2 viruses have been isolated in pigs as well. in this study, taqman single-step real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rtrt-pcr) assays targeting the hemagglutinin gene were developed to differentiate h1n1pdm from other genetic lineages of the h1 subtype and othe ...201020849878
case of the month #165: swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viral pneumonia presenting as crazy-paving on computed tomography: case report and literature review. 201020850032
surfing the web during pandemic flu: availability of world health organization recommendations on prevention.people often search for information on influenza a(h1n1)v prevention on the web. the extent to which information found on the internet is consistent with recommendations issued by the world health organization is unknown.201020854690
detection of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viruses using a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence fiber-optic biosensor.swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified as a new reassortant strain of influenza a virus in april 2009 and led to an influenza pandemic. accurate and timely diagnoses are crucial for the control of influenza disease. we developed a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence fiber-optic biosensor (lspcf-fob) which combines a sandwich immunoassay with the lsp technique using antibodies against the hemagglutinin (ha) proteins of s-oivs. the detection limit of the lspcf-fob ...201020855191
predictive power of air travel and socio-economic data for early pandemic spread.controlling the pandemic spread of newly emerging diseases requires rapid, targeted allocation of limited resources among nations. critical, early control steps would be greatly enhanced if the key risk factors can be identified that accurately predict early disease spread immediately after emergence.201020856678
molecular characteristics of the human pandemic influenza a virus (h1n1).the outbreak of the human pandemic influenza a (h1n1) has caused a considerable public concern. the aim of this review was to improve our understanding of this novel virus by analyzing the relationships between its molecular characteristics and pathogenic properties. results of this analysis indicate that the human pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus is a new re-assorted virus, which combines genetic materials from the avian flu (h1n1) virus, classical swine flu (h1n1) virus, human flu (h3n2) viru ...201020822307
enhanced immunogenicity of stabilized trimeric soluble influenza hemagglutinin.the recent swine-origin h1n1 pandemic illustrates the need to develop improved procedures for rapid production of influenza vaccines. one alternative to the current egg-based manufacture of influenza vaccine is to produce a hemagglutinin (ha) subunit vaccine using a recombinant expression system with the potential for high protein yields, ease of cloning new antigenic variants, and an established safety record in humans.201020824188
response to h1n1 in a u.s.-mexico border community.public health experts from a county health department and a school of public health collaborated to establish a simple, functional surveillance system to monitor swine-origin influenza virus as it crossed from mexico into a texas border community during the 2009 pandemic. the draft national and state preparedness plans were found to be cumbersome at the local level, so a simple, more practical real-time surveillance and response system was developed, in part by modifying these documents, and imm ...201020825334
stigma, health disparities, and the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic: how to protect latino farmworkers in future health emergencies.at the outset of the 2009 h1n1 influenza ("swine flu") pandemic, mexican nationals and mexican commodities were shunned globally, and, in the united states, some media personalities characterized mexican immigrants as disease vectors who were a danger to the country. we investigated instances in the u.s. of stigmatization of latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers (msfws) and developed guidance for officials in curtailing its effects. at the same time, we explored social factors that make farmwo ...201020825335
reassortant between human-like h3n2 and avian h5 subtype influenza a viruses in pigs: a potential public health risk.human-like h3n2 influenza viruses have repeatedly been transmitted to domestic pigs in different regions of the world, but it is still uncertain whether any of these variants could become established in pig populations. the fact that different subtypes of influenza viruses have been detected in pigs makes them an ideal candidate for the genesis of a possible reassortant virus with both human and avian origins. however, the determination of whether pigs can act as a "mixing vessel" for a possible ...201020830295
[swine-origin influenza h1n1/california--passions and facts].analysis of pandemic caused by swine influenza virus h1n1/california showed moderate virulence of this virus compared to pandemic viruses, which caused pandemics in 1918, 1957, and 1968. during seasonal influenza epidemic in countries of southern hemisphere (june-august 2009) despite on circulation of h1n1/california strain, epidemics was caused by human influenza viruses h3n2 and h1n1. it was concluded that strain h1n1/california could not be attributed to pandemic strains of influenza viruses.201020795393
perception, attitudes and knowledge regarding the 2009 swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus pandemic among health-care workers in australia.to determine the perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of australian health-care workers (hcws) regarding the novel, swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) outbreak that reached the country in early may 2009.201020796180
guillain-barré syndrome after exposure to influenza virus.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an acute, acquired, monophasic autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves that develops in susceptible individuals after infection and, in rare cases, after immunisation. exposure to influenza via infection or vaccination has been associated with gbs. we review the relation between gbs and these routes of exposure. epidemiological studies have shown that, except for the 1976 us national immunisation programme against swine-origin influenza a h1n1 subtype a/nj/76, i ...201020797646
postmortem findings in eight cases of influenza a/h1n1.in march and early april 2009, cases of a new swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus were diagnosed in mexico and the united states. influenza virus presents as a respiratory infection with high morbidity and mortality. we describe the postmortem findings of eight confirmed cases of influenza a/h1n1 in a medical examiner setting. the eight cases falling under the jurisdiction of the harris county medical examiner (houston, tx, usa) with confirmed influenza a/h1n1 infection between june and septem ...201020802471
public health, preparedness and the world health organization response to swine flu in 2009. 201020806525
a pandemic influenza h1n1 live vaccine based on modified vaccinia ankara is highly immunogenic and protects mice in active and passive immunizations.the development of novel influenza vaccines inducing a broad immune response is an important objective. the aim of this study was to evaluate live vaccines which induce both strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the novel human pandemic h1n1 influenza virus, and to show protection in a lethal animal challenge model.201020808939
genetic divergence of influenza a ns1 gene in pandemic 2009 h1n1 isolates with respect to h1n1 and h3n2 isolates from previous seasonal epidemics.the influenza a pandemic sustained by a new h1n1 variant (h1n1v) started in mexico and the usa at the end of april 2009 spreading worldwide in a few weeks. in this study we investigate the variability of the ns1 gene of the pandemic h1n1v strain with respect to previous seasonal strains circulating in humans and the potential selection of virus variants through isolation in cell culture.201020809948
utilizing spatiotemporal analysis of influenza-like illness and rapid tests to focus swine-origin influenza virus intervention.in the spring of 2009, a novel strain of h1n1 swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) emerged in mexico and the united states, and soon after was declared a pandemic by the world health organization. this work examined the ability of real-time reports of influenza-like illness (ili) symptoms and rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) to approximate the spatiotemporal distribution of pcr-confirmed s-oiv cases for the purposes of focusing local intervention efforts. cluster and age adjusted relat ...201020810301
genetic analysis of influenza a/h1n1 of swine origin virus (soiv) circulating in central and south america.since the first detection of swine origin virus (soiv) on march 28, 2009, the virus has spread worldwide and oseltamivir-resistant strains have already been identified in the past months. here, we show the phylogenetic analysis of 63 soiv isolates from eight countries in central and south america, and their sensitivity to oseltamivir.201020810843
response to h1n1 influenza outbreak in a pediatric children's hospital: challenges faced and lessons learned.in april 2009, media reports indicated an outbreak of swine flu (h1n1) resulting from several students from a local high school having been in mexico. over the next 6 weeks, the demand for the services of the children's hospital strained available resources, requiring innovative measures to care for more than 3,200 pediatric patients and their families with influenza-like illness. the purpose of this analysis is to provide an overview of the established emergency response to disasters for hospit ...201020816560
the role of radiology in influenza: novel h1n1 and lessons learned from the 1918 pandemic.the pandemic of swine-origin h1n1 influenza that began in early 2009 has provided evidence that radiology can assist in the early diagnosis of severe cases, raising new opportunities for the further development of infectious disease imaging. to help define radiology's role in present and future influenza outbreaks, it is important to understand how radiologists have responded to past epidemics and how these outbreaks influenced the development of imaging science. the authors review the role of r ...201020816630
an evaluation of the uk national pandemic flu service swine flu algorithm in hospitalised children, and comparison with the uk national institute for health and clinical excellence fever guideline.aim to evaluate the efficacy of the uk swine flu algorithm as a screening tool in unwell children, and to compare the management advice given with the national institute for health and clinical excellence (nice) feverish illness guideline advice. method all paediatric medical admissions to the unit, with a fever and over the age of 1 year, during 2 weeks in november were analysed, and their histories were put through both the swine flu algorithm and the nice fever guidance for the under 5s. resu ...201020817663
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally in pigs.influenza a virus is an important respiratory pathogen of swine that causes significant morbidity and economic impact on the swine industry. vaccination is the first choice for prevention and control of influenza infections. live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) are approved for use in humans and horses and their application provides broad protective immunity, however no laiv against swine influenza virus (siv) exists in the market. previously we reported that an elastase-dependent mutant si ...201020708697
protection of ferrets from infection by swine-origin 2009 a (h1n1) influenza virus by the inactivated vaccine.swine-origin pandemic 2009 a (h1n1) influenza viruses are still infecting humans, and humans are currently being vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine of 2009 a (h1n1) influenza virus. we wanted to determine the efficacy of 2009 a (h1n1) inactivated vaccine in ferrets. ferrets immunized with one dose (7.5 microg) of 2009 a (h1n1) inactivated vaccine were not protected from infections of either pandemic h1n1 or seasonal h1n1 influenza viruses, while ferrets immunized with two doses of 2009 a (h ...201020712484
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a scottish intensive care unit.i reflected on the training i had on an extraordinary treatment for profound respiratory failure. the result of training enabled us to successfully treat a young female with the influenza a virus with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). i report the positive outcome that occurred, while continuing to run a busy general intensive care unit (icu). she was the first of six patients who were all successfully treated with ecmo. ten trained and experienced critical care nurses and two doctors ...201020712672
neurological manifestation of swine flu: a brief note.swine flu is currently a problematic emerging infectious disease, and has reached pandemic proportions. neurological manifestations of swine flu have been reported, but there is not much documentation. this note briefly summarizes what is known about the neurological manifestation of swine flu.201020714967
[rapid detection of novel influenza a virus and seasonal influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) viruses by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp)].reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay we developed detects novel influenza a (h1n1) of swine origin and seasonal influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) viruses. individual primer sets targeting the ha gene for novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2 were newly designed to specifically detect these subtypes. no cross-reactions occurred among novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2, and 7 respiratory viruses-influenza b virus, influenza c virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneum ...201020715552
real time reverse transcription (rrt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for detection of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus and european swine influenza a virus infections in pigs.there is a requirement to detect and differentiate pandemic (h1n1) 2009 (h1n1v) and established swine influenza a viruses (sivs) by real time reverse transcription (rrt) pcr methods.201020716157
influenza a h1n1 virus in indian pigs & its genetic relatedness with pandemic human influenza a 2009 h1n1.with the emergence of a new reassortant influenza a h1n1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic it was felt necessary that pigs should be closely monitored for early detection of any influenza virus infection. therefore, we investigated disease outbreaks with clinical history suggestive for swine influenza reported to our laboratory by owners of affected pig farms in uttar pradesh.201020716816
swine influenza h1n1 virus induces acute inflammatory immune responses in pig lungs: a potential animal model for human h1n1 influenza virus.pigs are capable of generating reassortant influenza viruses of pandemic potential, as both the avian and mammalian influenza viruses can infect pig epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. the source of the current influenza pandemic is h1n1 influenza a virus, possibly of swine origin. this study was conducted to understand better the pathogenesis of h1n1 influenza virus and associated host mucosal immune responses during acute infection in humans. therefore, we chose a h1n1 swine influenza v ...201020719941
codon usage bias and the evolution of influenza a viruses. codon usage biases of influenza virus.the influenza a virus is an important infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and was responsible for 3 pandemics in the 20th century. as the replication of the influenza virus is based on its host's machinery, codon usage of its viral genes might be subject to host selection pressures, especially after interspecies transmission. a better understanding of viral evolution and host adaptive responses might help control this disease.201020723216
glycan analysis and influenza a virus infection of primary swine respiratory epithelial cells: the importance of neuac{alpha}2-6 glycans.to better understand influenza virus infection of pigs, we examined primary swine respiratory epithelial cells (srecs, the primary target cells of influenza viruses in vivo), as a model system. glycomic profiling of srecs by mass spectrometry revealed a diverse range of glycans terminating in sialic acid or galαgal. in terms of sialylation, α2-6 linkage was more abundant than α2-3, and neuac was more abundant than neugc. virus binding and infection experiments were conducted to determine functio ...201020724471
evolution of human receptor binding affinity of h1n1 hemagglutinins from 1918 to 2009 pandemic influenza a virus.the recent outbreak of the novel 2009 h1n1 influenza in humans has focused global attention on this virus, which could potentially have introduced a more dangerous pandemic of influenza flu. in the initial step of the viral attachment, hemagglutinin (ha), a viral glycoprotein surface, is responsible for the binding to the human sia alpha2,6-linked sialopentasaccharide host cell receptor (hhar). dynamical and structural properties, based on molecular dynamics simulations of the four different has ...201020726599
a new rt-pcr assay specific for influenza a(h2), multiplexed with an assay specific for hpai a(h5n1).worldwide efforts are ongoing to improve influenza pandemic preparedness, including from the perspective of the clinical virology laboratory. in particular, much work has been devoted to the development of diagnostic assays targeted at the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1); much less efforts have been devoted to the a(h2) subtype. yet, a(h2) subtype has a proven capacity to cause pandemics and is among the subtypes prioritized for surveillance and control. although the human a(h2n ...201020727404
genetic correlation between current circulating h1n1 swine and human influenza viruses.h1n1 is the main subtype influenza a virus circulating in human and swine population, and has long been a threat to economy and public health.201020732830
public health management of swine flu. 201020653923
antiviral susceptibility of avian and swine influenza virus of the n1 neuraminidase subtype.influenza viruses of the n1 neuraminidase (na) subtype affecting both animals and humans caused the 2009 pandemic. anti-influenza virus na inhibitors are crucial early in a pandemic, when specific influenza vaccines are unavailable. thus, it is urgent to confirm the antiviral susceptibility of the avian viruses, a potential source of a pandemic virus. we evaluated the na inhibitor susceptibilities of viruses of the n1 subtype isolated from wild waterbirds, swine, and humans. most avian viruses w ...201020660186
differential localization and function of pb1-f2 derived from different strains of influenza a virus.pb1-f2 is a viral protein that is encoded by the pb1 gene of influenza a virus by alternative translation. it varies in length and sequence context among different strains. the present study examines the functions of pb1-f2 proteins derived from various human and avian viruses. while h1n1 pb1-f2 was found to target mitochondria and enhance apoptosis, h5n1 pb1-f2, surprisingly, did not localize specifically to mitochondria and displayed no ability to enhance apoptosis. introducing leu into positi ...201020660199
experimental infection with h1n1 european swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 human influenza virus.the recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from north american and eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. the emergence of this a(h1n1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. in europe, h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently ...201020663475
activation of the innate immune system provides broad-spectrum protection against influenza a viruses with pandemic potential in mice.the efficacy of a stabilized chemical analog of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna), pika, as prophylaxis against infection with 5 different influenza a virus subtypes, including the 2009 swine-origin pandemic h1n1 virus, was evaluated in mice. intranasal treatment with pika resulted in a significant reduction of viral replication in the respiratory tract. the inhibitory effect was mediated by rapid infiltration of immune cells into the lungs, and production of inflammatory cytokines. while t ...201020667572
level of concern and precaution taking among australians regarding travel during pandemic (h1n1) 2009: results from the 2009 queensland social survey.global disease outbreaks, such as the recent pandemic (h1n1) 2009 (the so-called swine flu), may have an impact on travel, including raising the concerns of travelers. the objective of this study was to examine the level of concern of australians regarding travel during pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and how this impacted on their travel.201020920048
characterization of an h3n2 triple reassortant influenza virus with a mutation at the receptor binding domain (d190a) that occurred upon virus transmission from turkeys to pigs.the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza virus mediates essential viral functions including the binding to host receptor and virus entry. it also has the antigenic sites required for virus neutralization by host antibodies. here, we characterized an h3n2 triple reassortant (tr) influenza virus (a/turkey/ohio/313053/04) with a mutation at the receptor binding domain (asp190ala) that occurred upon virus transmission from turkeys to pigs in an experimental infection study. the mutant virus repli ...201020920297
evaluation of triage methods used to select patients with suspected pandemic influenza for hospital admission: cohort study.triage methods are necessary in emergency departments to provide clinicians with a reliable method for determining each patient's risk of adverse outcome. prior to the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic the curb-65 (a risk prediction score for pneumonia, based on confusion, urea level, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age over 65 years) pneumonia score and the pandemic modified early warning score (pmews) were used to assess adults. in response to the emergence of the pandemic, national guidance p ...201020923612
virus shedding and environmental deposition of novel a (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus: interim findings.the relative importance of different routes of influenza transmission, including the role of bioaerosols, and ability of masks and/or hand hygiene to prevent transmission, remains poorly understood. current evidence suggests that infectious virus is not typically released from adults after 5 days of illness, however, little is known about the extent to which virus is deposited by infected individuals into the environment and whether deposited virus has the ability to infect new hosts. further in ...201020923613
classical swine h1n1 influenza viruses confer cross protection from swine-origin 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infection in mice and ferrets.the hemagglutinin of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus is a derivative of and is antigenically related to classical swine but not to seasonal human h1n1 viruses. we compared the a/california/7/2009 (ca/7/09) virus recommended by the who as the reference virus for vaccine development, with two classical swine influenza viruses a/swine/iowa/31 (sw/ia/31) and a/new jersey/8/1976 (nj/76) to establish the extent of immunologic cross-reactivity and cross-protection in animal models. primary infec ...201020926110
phylogenetic and molecular characterization of h9n2 influenza isolates from chickens in northern china from 2007-2009.the repeated transmission to pigs and humans, and the long-term endemicity in terrestrial poultry of h9n2 viruses in china lend urgency to the study of their ecology and pathogenicity. in the present paper, we reported an h9n2 virus sublineage isolated from chickens in northern china from 2007 to 2009 has high lethality for mice. phylogenetic analysis of the full genome indicated that six representative h9n2 isolates shared high homology to each other, and they clustered in the same sublineage w ...201020927364
sporadic human cases of swine-origin influenza before 2009 share the sa epitope. 201020930526
increased prevalence of a rare mutant of pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in a eurasian region.in 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus sparked an influenza pandemic. the emergence of mutations in the viral genome is therefore of ongoing concern. in this study, the hemagglutinin (ha) gene sequences of 3444 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses reported to the genbank database and the sequences of 48 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses detected in the chinese city of qingdao were analyzed. among the 3492 viruses, 101 carried a serine to proline substitution at position 128 (s128p) in the v ...201020934538
novel swine--origin influenza a: the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus.during april-may 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza virus was determined to be the cause of influenza outbreaks in north america. by june 2009, widespread infections were recorded all over the world and an ongoing pandemic was declared. the clinical manifestations ranged from a self limited illness to fatal disease. current clinical data suggest that the highest infection rates and complications occur in children and young adults. in contrast to seasonal influenza, the rates of hospitalization and dea ...201020938815
[diagnosis of novel swine flu]. 201020942085
preferential loss of th17 cells is associated with cd4 t cell activation in patients with 2009 pandemic h1n1 swine-origin influenza a infection.very limited evidence has been reported on host t cell responses to the pandemic h1n1 swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) infection in humans. therefore, we investigated the proportions of peripheral t cell subsets and analyzed the relationship of t helper subset changes with t cell activation during this infection. we found that these s-oiv-infected patients exhibited rapid lymphopenia, t cell activation and preferential loss of th17 subset at the early stage of acute infection. statistical ...201020943443
influenza a h1n1 pneumonia in a patient with hairy-cell leukemia.severe pandemic influenza a virus (h1n1) infection is associated with risk factors such as pregnancy, obesity and immunosuppression. immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of more severe or prolonged infection. we report a case of a hairy cell leukemia patient with h1n1 pneumonia which caused severe and prolonged illness. h1n1 virus pneumonia with meticillin-resistant staphilococcus aerues (mrsa) coinfection causing acute lung injury (ali) was treated with a double-dose of osentamyvir, ...201020949777
differential infectious entry of human influenza a/nws/33 virus (h1n1) in mammalian kidney cells.in this report we focused our interest on the early events of the replication cycle of nws/33 human influenza a (nws) virus in mdck (canine), llc-mk2 (simian), and nsk (swine) kidney cells, with different susceptibility upon infection. we have previously demonstrated that actin organization induces restriction to viral replication during the early stages of nws virus infection in simian kidney cells. to explore how cell endocytic mechanisms are hijacked by nws virus and may modulate the outcome ...201020951747
the gastrointestinal manifestations with swine influenza (h1n1) in hospitalized adults. 201020958131
transmission of influenza a viruses between pigs and people, iowa, 2002-2004.triple-reassortant (tr) viruses of human, avian, and swine origin, including h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 subtypes, emerged in north american swine herds in 1998 and have become predominant. while sporadic human infections with classical influenza a (h1n1) and with tr-swine influenza viruses have been reported, relatively few have been documented in occupationally exposed swine workers (sw).201020958933
rapid detection of the pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus m gene by real-time and gel-based rt-pcr assays.since the first pandemic 2009 h1n1 (ph1n1) virus was isolated from humans, it has also been detected in other mammalian (pigs, cats, dogs, ferrets) and avian (turkey) species, most likely because of cross-species transmission from humans. the ph1n1 contains six genes derived from swine influenza viruses (sivs) currently circulating in north america of human- (pb1), avian- (pb2, pa), and swine- (ha, np, and ns) origin and two genes (na and m) derived from eurasian sivs. the novel genetic composit ...201020958934
a matrix gene-based multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection and differentiation of 2009 pandemic h1n1 and other influenza a viruses in north america.the emergence in humans of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 (ph1n1) with similarities to swine influenza viruses (sivs) caused much concern for both human and animal health as potential for interspecies transmission was initially unknown.201020958935
mchip, a low density microarray, differentiates among seasonal human h1n1, north american swine h1n1, and the 2009 pandemic h1n1.the mchip uses data from the hybridization of amplified viral rna to 15 distinct oligonucleotides that target the influenza a matrix (m) gene segment. an artificial neural network (ann) automates the interpretation of subtle differences in fluorescence intensity patterns from the microarray. the complete process from clinical specimen to identification including amplification of viral rna can be completed in <8 hours for under us$10.201020958936
allele dynamics plots for the study of evolutionary dynamics in viral populations.phylodynamic techniques combine epidemiological and genetic information to analyze the evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of rapidly evolving pathogens, such as influenza a or human immunodeficiency viruses. we introduce 'allele dynamics plots' (ad plots) as a method for visualizing the evolutionary dynamics of a gene in a population. using ad plots, we propose how to identify the alleles that are likely to be subject to directional selection. we analyze the method's merits with a detailed ...201020959296
genetic characterization of h1 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds and domestic ducks in korea.h1 avian influenza viruses (aivs) isolated from migratory birds and domestic ducks from 2003 to 2007 were analyzed to determine their genetic relationship. phylogenic analysis with nucleotide sequences of all eight gene segments showed that 13 h1 aivs from migratory birds and domestic ducks belonged to eurasian avian lineages and were closely related to each other. compared with h1 influenza viruses of swine or human origin in korea, there was no evidence of reassortment among the human, swine, ...201020960044
analysis of synonymous codon usage bias in 09h1n1.a novel subtype of influenza a virus 09h1n1 has rapidly spread across the world. evolutionary analyses of this virus have revealed that 09h1n1 is a triple reassortant of segments from swine, avian and human influenza viruses. in this study, we investigated factors shaping the codon usage bias of 09h1n1 and carried out cluster analysis of 60 strains of influenza a virus from different subtypes based on their codon usage bias. we discovered that more preferentially used codons of 09h1n1 are a-ende ...201020960179
use of consensus sequences for the design of high density resequencing microarrays: the influenza virus paradigm.a resequencing microarray called pathogenid v2.0 has been developed and used to explore various strategies of sequence selection for its design. the part dedicated to influenza viruses was based on consensus sequences specific for one gene generated from global alignments of a large number of influenza virus sequences available in databanks.201020961419
modifications in the polymerase genes of a swine-like triple-reassortant influenza virus to generate live attenuated vaccines against 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses.on 11 june 2009, the world health organization (who) declared that the outbreaks caused by novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus had reached pandemic proportions. the pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus is the predominant influenza virus strain in the human population. it has also crossed the species barriers and infected turkeys and swine in several countries. thus, the development of a vaccine that is effective in multiple animal species is urgently needed. we have previously demonstrated that ...201020962084
pb2 residue 158 is a pathogenic determinant of pandemic h1n1 and h5 influenza a viruses in mice.influenza a viruses are human and animal pathogens that cause morbidity and mortality, which range from mild to severe. the 2009 h1n1 pandemic was caused by the emergence of a reassortant h1n1 subtype (h1n1pdm) influenza a virus containing gene segments that originally circulated in human, avian, and swine virus reservoirs. the molecular determinants of replication and pathogenesis of h1n1pdm viruses in humans and other mammals are poorly understood. therefore, we set out to elucidate viral dete ...201020962098
prototype development and preclinical immunogenicity analysis of a novel minimally invasive electroporation device.the magnitude of the immune response to a dna vaccine depends on three criteria--the optimized vector design, the use of a suitable adjuvant and the successful delivery and subsequent expression of the plasmid in the target tissue. in vivo electroporation (ep) has proved to be particularly effective in efficiently delivering dna immunogens to the muscle and the skin, and indeed several devices have entered into human clinical trials. here, we report on a novel concept of dna delivery to the derm ...201020962869
potential role of viral surface glycoproteins in the replication of h3n2 triple reassortant influenza a viruses in swine and turkeys.the h3n2 triple reassortant (tr) influenza viruses emerged in swine in 1998 and then in turkeys in 2003. it was then hypothesized that these viruses crossed the species barrier and transmitted from pigs to turkeys. in previous work we identified viruses with different transmission behavior between the two species, of which a/turkey/ohio/313053/04 (tk04) transmitted both ways between swine and turkeys, and a/swine/north carolina/03 (sw03) did not transmit either way between the two species. utili ...201020965669
serological evidence of pig-to-human influenza virus transmission on thai swine farms.we investigated influenza interspecies transmission in two commercial swine farms in thailand. sera from swine-exposed workers (n=78), age-matched non-swine-exposed healthy people (n=60) and swine populations in both farms (n=85) were studied. hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assay was performed on thai swine h1 viruses (swh1n1 and swh1n2) isolated from both farms. thai human h1n1 (huh1n1) and pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1) were also used as test antigens. the hemagglutinin (ha) 1 genes of swh1n1 an ...201020965670
antiserum against the conserved nine amino acid n-terminal peptide of influenza a virus matrix protein 2 is not immunoprotective.the recent emergence and rapid spread of the pandemic h1n1 swine influenza virus reminded us once again of the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can elicit heterosubtypic protection. here, we show the superior immunogenicity and immunoprotective capacity of the full-length matrix protein 2 ectodomain (m2e) peptide coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh) compared with the n-terminal 9 aa residues of m2e (sp1). immunization with m2e-klh protected mice against a lethal challenge with ...201020965983
genomic signature-based identification of influenza a viruses using rt-pcr/electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) technology.the emergence and rapid spread of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza a virus (h1n1pdm) in humans highlights the importance of enhancing the capability of existing influenza surveillance systems with tools for rapid identification of emerging and re-emerging viruses. one of the new approaches is the rt-pcr electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) technology, which is based on analysis of base composition (bc) of rt-pcr amplicons from influenza "core" genes. combination of the bc si ...201020967258
non-specific laboratory test indicators of severity in hospitalized adults with swine influenza (h1n1) pneumonia. 201020967480
cases of swine flu in kidney transplant recipients in our hospital.in late march 2009, an outbreak of influenza a virus infection was detected in mexico with subsequent cases observed in many other countries. the pandemic was caused by an h1n1 virus that represents a quadruple reassortment of 2 swine strains, 1 human strain, and 1 avian strain of influenza. until february 1, 2010, a total of 47 cases of influenza a (inf a) were recorded by the spanish society of nephrology in kidney transplant recipients. herein we have reported our 3 cases (6.4%) in this regis ...201020970630
transcriptomics and proteomics in the study of h1n1 2009.influenza a virus (h1n1) 2009, a new swine-origin influenza a virus, has been spread worldwidely and caused great public fear. high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics methods are now being used to identify h1n1 and h1n1-host interaction. this article reviews recent transcriptomics and proteomics research in h1n1 diagnosis, treatment, and h1n1 virus-host interaction, to offer some help for further understanding the infection mechanism and controlling h1n1 transmission.201020970742
structural and functional analysis of ns1 and ns2 proteins of h1n1 subtype.influenza a virus (h1n1), a genetic reassortment of endemic strains of human, avian and swine flu, has crossed species barrier to human and apparently acquired the capability of human to human transmission. some strains of h5n1 subtype are highly virulent because ns1 protein inhibits antiviral interferon α/β production. another protein ns2 mediates export of viral ribonucleoprotein from nucleus to the cytoplasm through export signal. in this paper, we have studied structure-function relationship ...201020970747
clinical profile and outcome of swine flu in indian children.objective: to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of indian children infected with 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. study design: retrospective chart review. setting: outpatient department and hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital. methods: clinical details of 85 children (positive for the 2009 h1n1 virus infection tested by real-time reversetranscriptase polymerase chain-reaction assay) were analyzed from medical charts. results: of the 85 (55 boys) children positive for 200 ...201020972300
clinical profile of h1n1 positive hiv- infected children.we report five cases of hiv infected children, who presented with flu-like symptoms and were diagnosed to have h1n1 infection (swine origin influenza). four of these children were admitted with respiratory distress and pneumonia and were managed in swine flu isolation icu. two children required nonivasive ventilatory support. all children recovered completely and at discharge were referred for initiation of art.201020972306
pandemic 2009 h1n1 vaccine protects against 1918 spanish influenza virus.the 1918 influenza a virus caused the most devastating pandemic, killing approximately 50 million people worldwide. immunization with 1918-like and classical swine h1n1 virus vaccines results in cross-protective antibodies against the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza, indicating antigenic similarities among these viruses. in this study, we demonstrate that vaccination with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 vaccine elicits 1918 virus cross-protective antibodies in mice and humans, and that vaccination or passiv ...201020975689
a metagenomic analysis of pandemic influenza a (2009 h1n1) infection in patients from north america.although metagenomics has been previously employed for pathogen discovery, its cost and complexity have prevented its use as a practical front-line diagnostic for unknown infectious diseases. here we demonstrate the utility of two metagenomics-based strategies, a pan-viral microarray (virochip) and deep sequencing, for the identification and characterization of 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus. using nasopharyngeal swabs collected during the earliest stages of the pandemic in mexico, canada, ...201020976137
variations in the hemagglutinin of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic virus: potential for strains with altered virulence phenotype?a novel, swine-origin influenza h1n1 virus (h1n1pdm) caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. this pandemic, although efficient in transmission, is mild in virulence. this atypical mild pandemic season has raised concerns regarding the potential of this virus to acquire additional virulence markers either through further adaptation or possibly by immune pressure in the human host. using the mouse model we generated, within a single round of infection with a/california/04/09/h1n1 (ca/04), a ...201020976194
why were turks unwilling to accept the a/h1n1 influenza-pandemic vaccination? people's beliefs and perceptions about the swine flu outbreak and vaccine in the later stage of the epidemic.this study investigated the acceptability of the a/h1n1 influenza vaccination and related factors among 1137 adults in the later stage of the a/h1n1 outbreak in turkey. having already been vaccinated or intending to get vaccinated were related to trust in the vaccine effectiveness, perceived risk of the side effects, and benefits of getting vaccinated. perceived long term consequences of the a/h1n1 infection, perceptions of the a/h1n1 information in media, and barriers for getting vaccinated wer ...201020979988
molecular characterization and comparative analysis of pandemic h1n1/2009 strains with co-circulating seasonal h1n1/2009 strains from eastern india.during the peak outbreak (july-september 2009), a total 1886 patients were screened in eastern india, of which 139 (7.37%) and 52 (2.76%) were positive for ph1n1 and seasonal h1n1, respectively. full-length ha1, na, ns1 and pb1-f2 genes of representative strains were sequenced. phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of ph1n1 strains revealed ha1 and ns1 to be of north american swine lineage, and the na gene of eurasian swine lineage. consistent with previous reports, the pb1-f2 ge ...201020981560
phylogenetic evolution of swine-origin human influenza virus: a pandemic h1n1 2009.the knowledge of the genome constellation in pandemic influenza a virus h1n1 2009 from different countries and different hosts is valuable for monitoring and understanding of the evolution and migration of these strains. the complete genome sequences of selected worldwide distributed influenza a viruses are publicly available and there have been few longitudinal genome studies of human, avian and swine influenza a viruses. all possible to download siv sequences of influenza a viruses available a ...201021033564
swine flu: any effect on the platelets? 201021042060
[isolation, identification and genetic analysis of an h1n1 subtype isolate of swine influenza virus].in 2006, a swine influenza virus (siv) isolate was isolated from 30 nasal swabs samples collected from pigs with clinical syndromes of swine influenza in a pig farm of liaoning province. the virus isolate was studied and identified by the growth in 9-11 days old chicken embryo, hemagglutination (ha) assay, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays (rt-pcr) for its genetic subtype, whole gene sequence analysis and animal trial for its virulence ...201021043141
[analysis of the situation of swine influenza in the districts upper bavaria, swabia, freiburg and tübingen based on antibody profiles of piglets from bavarian breeding farms].a total of 1026 serum samples from 388 pigs from three bavarian rearing farms in the region of swabia were investigated in the course of investigations into the development of antibodies against influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 by haemagglutination inhibition test during the period from november 2002 to february 2004. there were no signs of respiratory disease during this period. the antibody titres decreased steadily in this period which corresponds to the kinetics of maternally-d ...201021043147
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 401 - 500 of 2260