Publications

comparison of immune responses in parenteral faeg dna primed pigs boosted orally with f4 protein or reimmunized with the dna vaccine.	we previously showed that an intradermal (i.d.) faeg dna prime (2x)-oral f4 protein boost immunization induces a systemic response and weakly primes a mucosal igg response in pigs, especially when plasmid vectors encoding the a and b subunit of the e. coli thermo-labile enterotoxin (lt) are added to the dna vaccine. in the present study, we evaluated whether addition of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) (vitd(3)) to the dna vaccine could further enhance this mucosal priming and/or modulate the ant ...	2007	17331591
tile water quality following liquid swine manure application into standing corn.	the quality of water draining fields fertilized with liquid swine (sus scrofa) manure (lsm) sidedressed into standing corn (zea mays l.) at rates ranging from 0 to 94 m(3) ha(-1), either topdressed (td) onto the surface, or injected (inj) into the soil once annually for each of three consecutive years was evaluated. liquid swine manure application rate was a critical driver of preferential flow of lsm to tile as detected by turbidity, concentrations of nh(4)(+)-n, dissolved reactive phosphorus ( ...	2007	17332262
antimicrobial treatment reduces intestinal microflora and improves protein digestive capacity without changes in villous structure in weanling pigs.	the immediate post-weaning period is often associated with gut malfunction and diarrhoea for young pigs. administration of antimicrobials remains an effective way to control weaning diarrhoea but it remains unclear how they affect gut physiology and microbiology although this is a prerequisite for being able to devise better alternatives. hence, for 7 d we treated pigs, weaned at 24 d of age, with a combination of amoxicillin (25 mg/kg feed and injection of 8.75 mg/kg body weight per 12 h) and z ...	2007	17381960
characterization of fimbriae extracts from porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains carrying f6 (987p) antigen.	fimbrial extracts from porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains carrying f6 (987p) intestinal colonization factor antigen wereobtained using the thermal shock method. the extracts were analyzed by sdspage and immunoblotting using different fimbriae-specific antisera. two major protein bands with molecular masses of 17.5 and 21.9 kda were detected. the 21.9-kda band was identified as the major subunit of f6 fimbrial antigen in strains of serogroups o9 and o141. the 17.5-kda band wa ...	2006	17236156
antimicrobial resistance in commensal escherichia coli isolated from muscle foods as related to the veterinary use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals in austria.	controversy exists on veterinary drug application in food animal production and the relevance for human health of antimicrobial resistant commensals isolated from food. the aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli isolated from retail meat of various animal species (including wild roe deer) in austria. our results were analyzed taking into consideration the current practices of austrian veterinarians with regard to their use of antibiotic drugs during pig, po ...	2006	17227214
survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets and on feeding systems as contributing risk factors in smallholdings in central vietnam.	a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets, and on management and feeding systems under farm conditions was carried out in thua thien hue province. faecal samples were collected from 63 piglets without, and 90 piglets with diarrhoea to determine the occurrence of salmonella, escherichia coli (e. coli) and different e. coli antigens (k88, k99 and 987p). the prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (33% vs 18%) and the result ...	2006	17165611
[cloning and characterization of the gene encoding impdh of streptococcus suis serotype 2].	given the lack of effective vaccines to control streptococcus suis infection and the lack of a rapid and reliable molecular diagnostic assay to detect its infection, s. suis serotype 2 was sequenced partly in an effort to identify important virulence factors. two new open reading frames were found located between orf2 and mrp. one of new open reading frame (2738 - 3694) that encoded a polypeptide of 319 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5kda was identified by western blo ...	2006	17172018
pretreatment with n-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester improved oxygenation after inhalation of nitric oxide in newborn piglets with escherichia coli pneumonia and sepsis.	we evaluated the effects of a combined therapy of pre-blockade endogenous nitric oxide synthase (nos) with n-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) and continuous inhaled no (ino) on the gas exchange and hemodynamics of escherichia coli pneumonia and sepsis in newborn piglets. seven to ten day old ventilated newborn piglets were randomized into 5 groups: control, e. coli pneumonia control, pneumonia with ino 10 ppm, pneumonia pre-treated with l-name 10 mg/kg, and pneumonia with the combined ther ...	2006	17179670
detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay.	regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ...	2006	16997988
correlation of transcutaneous hepatic near-infrared spectroscopy readings with liver surface readings and perfusion parameters in a piglet endotoxemic shock model.	to determine whether transcutaneous liver near-infrared spectrophotometry (nirs) measurements correlate with nirs measurements taken directly from the liver surface, and invasive blood flow measurements.	2006	17105594
frequency of enteropathogen detection in suckling and weaned pigs with diarrhea in japan.	fecal samples from suckling (n=153) and weaned (n=116) piglets with diarrhea in japan were examined for shedding of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens using culture, microscopic, and polymerase chain reaction methods. in suckling piglets, diarrhea was attributed to infection with a single etiologic agent in 60.8% of cases and with combinations of agents in 22.2%. in weaned piglets, diarrhea was attributed to a single etiologic agent in 43.1% and to combinations of agents in 47.4% of cases ...	2006	16921873
hlya knock out yields a safer escherichia coli a0 34/86 variant with unaffected colonization capacity in piglets.	escherichia coli a0 34/86 (o83:k24:h31) has been successfully used for prophylactic and therapeutic intestinal colonization of premature and newborn infants, with the aim of preventing nosocomial infections. although e. coli a0 34/86 was described as a nonpathogenic commensal, partial sequencing revealed that its genome harbours gene clusters highly homologous to virulence determinants of different types of e. coli, including closely linked genes of the alpha-haemolysin operon (hlycabd) and for ...	2006	17064280
consumption of milk from transgenic goats expressing human lysozyme in the mammary gland results in the modulation of intestinal microflora.	lysozyme is a key antimicrobial component of human milk that has several health-promoting functions including the development of a healthy intestinal tract. however, levels of lysozyme in the milk of dairy animals are negligible. we have generated transgenic dairy goats that express human lysozyme (hlz) in their milk in an attempt to deliver the benefits of human milk in a continual fashion. to test the feasibility of this transgenic approach to achieve a biological impact at the level of the in ...	2006	16906451
isolation and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from precooked sausages (morcillas).	the aim of the study was to establish the microbiological quality of morcillas, typical argentine sausages, and to investigate the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). between october 2001 and october 2002, a total of 100 morcilla samples were analysed. several samples showed high levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts, molds and yeasts. the samples analysed contained enterobacteriaceae (100%) and fecal coliforms (81%), indicating inadequate application of the t ...	2006	16943015
characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004.	we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ...	2006	17085893
post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities.	the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ...	2006	16817927
concurrent pathological and bacteriological findings in the urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows culled because of chronic vulvovaginal discharge and swine urogenital disease (sugd): a case study.	the urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows, culled because of excessive vulval discharge, milking problems, and urogenital infections (swine urogenital disease, sugd) in their history (n=1070 sows) were examined. the culled sows were assigned to three groups according to parity: parity 1 (n=356); 2-6 (n=354); and >6 (n=360). necropsy findings associated with these groups were analysed separately. bacteriological examination of vulval discharges was performed. escherichia coli and a large n ...	2006	17052075
detection and distribution of probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 clones in swine herds in germany.	to verify the presence of escherichia coli nissle 1917 as a natural isolate in swine and to characterize in vitro probiotic properties as well as in vivo persistence in a feeding experiment.	2006	17105567
correlation of near-infrared spectroscopy with perfusion parameters at the hepatic and systemic levels in an endotoxemic shock model.	to determine the correlation of near-infrared spectrophotometry (nirs) readings from the liver surface with invasive measurements of blood flow and tissue perfusion parameters in an animal model of endotoxemic shock.	2006	17006393
pathotypes and serogroups of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from pre-weaning pigs in north vietnam.	the contribution of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) to pre-weaning diarrhoea was investigated over a 6 month period at five selected commercial piggeries (cps) in north vietnam with at least 100 sows each. diarrhoea was found to affect 71.5% of the litters born during the period of study. of 406 faecal specimens submitted for bacteriological culture, 200 (49.3%) yielded a heavy pure culture of e. coli and 126 (31%) were confirmed by pcr to carry at least one of eight porcine etec virulen ...	2006	16388036
high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose reduces carbachol-stimulated intestinal chloride secretion in weaned piglets fed a diet based on skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin.	high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) promotes gastrointestinal disorders, tissue alterations and bacterial overgrowth in pigs. the impact of cmc on intestinal absorptive and secretory physiology is not known. we hypothesised that cmc consumption alters intestinal na-dependent glucose absorption and stimulates electrogenic chloride secretion. for testing this hypothesis, twenty-four piglets were weaned at 21 d of age and pair-fed for 13 d a starter diet based on skimmed milk powder and mal ...	2006	16512934
the influence of intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum ca, p, vitamin d, cytokines and cortisol concentrations in lactating sows.	ten multiparous lactating sows were used to investigate whether intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharides (lps; escherichia coli 0111:b4; 2.0 microg/kg of body weight) would affect the circulating concentrations of ca, p, 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25-ohd), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6) and cortisol. the sows were randomly allotted to either control group (control) or lps-treated group with five individuals per group and were infused with either physiological saline ...	2006	16533325
comparison of the compact dry ec with the most probable number method (aoac official method 966.24) for enumeration of escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in raw meats. performance-tested method 110402.	compact dry e. coli/coliform count (ec) is a ready-to-use test method for the enumeration of escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in food. the plates are presterilized and contain culture medium and a cold water-soluble gelling agent. the medium should be rehydrated with 1 ml diluted sample inoculated onto the center of the self-diffusible medium, allowing the solution to diffuse by capillary action. the plate can be incubated at 35 degrees c for 20-24 h and the colonies counted without any fu ...	2006	16512235
expression of synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fused with synthetic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in tobacco plants.	the pentameric b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) can be used as an efficient mucosal carrier of either immunogenic or tolerogenic t-cell epitopes. co-delivery of therapeutic proteins with carrier proteins could increase the effectiveness of the antigen. this paper reports the ability of transgenic tobacco plants to express a fusion protein consisting of the synthetic ltb and a synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), causing an enteric d ...	2006	16174563
f4 (k88) fimbrial adhesin faeg expressed in alfalfa reduces f4+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli excretion in weaned piglets.	transgenic plants are attractive bioreactors to large-scale production of recombinant proteins because of their relatively low cost. this study reports for the first time the use of transgenic plants to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) excretion in its natural host species. the dna sequence encoding the major subunit and adhesin faeg of f4+ etec was transformed into edible alfalfa plants. targeting of faeg production to chloroplasts led to faeg levels of up to 1% of the total solub ...	2006	16378664
geographical variation in antibiotic resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolated from swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle farm water retention ponds in florida.	the aim of this study was to assess geographical variation in multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) profiles of livestock escherichia coli as well as to evaluate the ability of mar profiles to differentiate sources of faecal pollution.	2006	16405684
role of coresistance in the development of resistance to chloramphenicol in escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs.	to determine the cause of persistent resistance to chloramphenicol (cp) after the ban on its use in food-producing animals in several countries.	2006	16454626
gunshot-related transport of micro-organisms from the skin of the entrance region into the bullet path.	the skin defect of a gunshot entrance wound is caused by the retrograde and anterograde displacement of skin particles. in the present study, we investigated whether gunshots to bacterially contaminated skin are associated with the transport of micro-organisms into the bullet path. the shots were fired into composite models of pig skin and gelatin blocks. the outer surface of the skin was covered with a thin layer of a defined bacterial suspension [green fluorescent protein-labelled escherichia ...	2006	16604364
preventive effects of the probiotic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 on acute secretory diarrhea in a pig model of intestinal infection.	pretreatment with the probiotic escherichia colistrain nissle 1917 (ecn) was assessed in a pig model of intestinal infection to prevent acute secretory diarrhea. in the model 10(10) colony forming units of the porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli abbotstown (eca) was given via orogastric tube to weaned piglets at day 21 postpartum (-ecn/+eca group, n = 7). forty-eight hours after challenge electrophysiological parameters of isolated intact jejunal epithelia were characterized in ussing chamb ...	2006	16614995
a serpin from the gut bacterium bifidobacterium longum inhibits eukaryotic elastase-like serine proteases.	serpins form a large class of protease inhibitors involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of physiological processes. recently identified prokaryotic members of this protein family may provide a key to the evolutionary origins of the unique serpin fold and the associated inhibitory mechanism. we performed a biochemical characterization of a serpin from bifidobacterium longum, an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that naturally colonizes human gastrointestinal tract. the b. longum serpin was sh ...	2006	16627467
oral immunization of mice with plant-derived fimbrial adhesin faeg induces systemic and mucosal k88ad enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-specific immune responses.	the importance of adhesins in pathogenicity has resulted in them being useful targets in the defense against bacterial infections. to produce edible vaccines against piglet diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), plants were genetically engineered to produce recombinant fimbrial adhesin faeg. to evaluate the efficacy of the edible vaccine faeg in mice, the soluble protein extracts were examined by about 15 microg recombinant faeg for each oral immunization dose per mouse. aft ...	2006	16553813
improved multiplex pcr method for the rapid detection of beta-lactamase genes in escherichia coli of animal origin.	we developed 2 variants, a and b, of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for detecting the beta-lactam resistance genes bla(tem), bla(shv), and bla(oxa) in 122 uropathogenic escherichia coli animal strains. method b yielded 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity, and method a yielded 100% and 89%, respectively. variant b was more accurate (99%) than a (94%).	2006	16678992
soybean atp sulfurylase, a homodimeric enzyme involved in sulfur assimilation, is abundantly expressed in roots and induced by cold treatment.	soybeans are a rich source of protein and a key feed ingredient in livestock production, but lack sufficient levels of cysteine and methionine to meet the nutritional demands of swine or poultry as feed components. although engineering the sulfur assimilatory pathway could lead to increased sulfur-containing amino acid content, little is known about this pathway in legumes. here, we describe the cloning and characterization of soybean atp sulfurylase (atps), which acts as the metabolic entry poi ...	2006	16684499
chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance among porcine escherichia coli in ontario.	the purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance genes across three populations of porcine escherichia coli.	2006	16720568
development of bacteroides 16s rrna gene taqman-based real-time pcr assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water.	bacteroides species are promising indicators for differentiating livestock and human fecal contamination in water because of their high concentration in feces and potential host specificity. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was designed to target bacteroides species (allbac) present in human, cattle, and equine feces. direct pcr amplification (without dna extraction) using the allbac assay was tested on feces diluted in water. fecal concentrations and threshold cycle were linearly correlated ...	2006	16751534
cynomolgus monkey cytochrome p450 2c43: cdna cloning, heterologous expression, purification and characterization.	the cdna of cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2c43 was cloned from cynomolgus monkey liver by rt-pcr. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 93% and 91% identity to human cyp2c9 and cyp2c19, respectively. the cdna was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by a series of chromatography steps, yielding a specific content of 11.5 nmol p450/mg protein. the substrate specificity of the purified cyp2c43 was examined in a reconstitution system comprising nadph-p450 reductase, lipid, cytochrome b(5) and cyp2c ...	2006	16751594
design of immunogens that present the crown of the hiv-1 v3 loop in a conformation competent to generate 447-52d-like antibodies.	gp120 is a subunit of the envelope glycoprotein of hiv-1. the third variable loop region of gp120 (v3 loop) contains multiple immunodominant epitopes and is also functionally important for deciding cell-tropism of the virus. 447-52d is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the conserved tip of the v3 loop in a beta-turn conformation. this antibody has previously been shown to neutralize diverse strains of the virus. in an attempt to generate an immunogen competent to generate 447-52d-like antibo ...	2006	16827663
dynamics of a pig slurry microbial community during anaerobic storage and management.	the microbial community of a pig slurry on a farm was monitored for 6 months using both molecular and cultural approaches. sampling was carried out at all the different stages of effluent handling, from the rearing build-up to slurry spreading. total dna of each sample was extracted and analyzed by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis using primers targeting the 16s rrna genes from the archaeal and bacterial domains and also the eubacterium-clostridium, bacillus-streptococ ...	2006	16672505
efficacy of an alcohol-based healthcare hand rub containing synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride.	healthcare workers are required to disinfect the hands several times a day using hand disinfectants, which leads to chronic hand exposure to high levels of antimicrobials contained in the disinfectants, which could compromise the skin integrity. this problem may be addressed by developing hand disinfectants containing synergistic combinations of small amounts of antimicrobials and other agents. the synergistic effect of farnesol and essential oils with several antimicrobials was studied in vitro ...	2006	16750419
[combined expression of tso45w-4bx from taenia solium and porcine cd58 in escherichia coli].	to express the tso45w-4bx of taenia solium in combination with cd58 as a molecular adjuvant for improving the protective efficacy of the tso45w-4bx recombinant vaccine.	2006	17094600
mouse stefins a1 and a2 (stfa1 and stfa2) differentiate between papain-like endo- and exopeptidases.	stefin a (stfa) acts as a competitive inhibitor of intracellular papain-like cysteine proteases which play important roles in normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and ovarian follicular growth and maturation. in the mouse there are at least three different variants of stfa (stfa1, stfa2 and stfa3). recent genetic studies identified structural polymorphisms in stfa1 and stfa2 as candidates for aod1b, a locus controlling susceptibility to day three thymect ...	2006	16831429
virulence factor gene profiles of escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy pigs.	nonpathogenic, intestinal escherichia coli (commensal e. coli) supports the physiological intestinal balance of the host, whereas pathogenic e. coli with typical virulence factor gene profiles can cause severe outbreaks of diarrhea. in many reports, e. coli isolates from diarrheic animals were classified as putative pathogens. here we describe a broad variety of virulence gene-positive e. coli isolates from swine with no clinical signs of intestinal disease. the isolation of e. coli from 34 pigs ...	2006	17021219
ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in france.	clinical escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in france. these strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), with ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype. the bla(ctx-m-1) gene was encountered most commonly and was characterised in seven e. coli strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry, whereas bla(ctx-m-15) was ide ...	2006	17027237
dietary probiotic supplementation and resulting effects on performance, health status, and microbial characteristics of primiparous sows.	in an experiment with 33 first-litter sows from day 90 of pregnancy to day 28 of lactation, the influence of a probiotic supplementation on weight performance, feed intake, litter sizes, litter weights, health status and microbiological profile was tested. enterococcus faecium dsm 7134 was supplemented in a concentration of 5 x 10(8) cfu/kg feed to the gestation and lactation diets of gilts. the supplemented sows showed a significant higher improvement of feed intake (4.16 vs. 3.71 kg/day), litt ...	2006	16867076
reconstruction of a swine sla-i protein complex and determination of binding nonameric peptides derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus.	no experimental system to date is available to identify viral t-cell epitopes in swine. in order to reconstruct the system for identification of short antigenic peptides, the swine sla-2 gene was linked to the beta(2)m gene via (g4s)3, a linker encoding a 15-amino acid glycine-rich sequence (g4s)3, using splicing overlap extension-pcr (soe-pcr). the maltose binding protein (mbp)-sla-2-(g4s)3-beta(2)m fusion protein was expressed and purified in a pmal-p2x/escherichia coli tb1 system. the purifie ...	2006	16870265
the ul4 gene of pseudorabies virus encodes a minor infected-cell protein that is dispensable for virus replication.	although homologues of the open reading frame (orf) ul4 of herpes simplex virus 1 (human herpesvirus 1) have been found in the genomes of all hitherto-analysed alphaherpesviruses, little is known about their function. in a project to analyse systematically, in an isogenic and standardized assay system, the gene products of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv; suid herpesvirus 1), the prv ul4 gene product was identified using a monospecific rabbit antiserum prepared against a bacterial f ...	2006	16894189
major role for feob in campylobacter jejuni ferrous iron acquisition, gut colonization, and intracellular survival.	to assess the importance of ferrous iron acquisition in campylobacter physiology and pathogenesis, we disrupted and characterized the fe2+ iron transporter, feob, in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168, 81-176, and atcc 43431. the feob mutant was significantly affected in its ability to transport 55fe2+. it accumulated half the amount of iron than the wild-type strain during growth in an iron-containing medium. the intracellular iron of the feob mutant was localized in the periplasmic space versus t ...	2006	16988218
comparison of faecal and optimal growth conditions on in vitro pharmacodynamic activity of marbofloxacin against escherichia coli.	the objective of the study was to compare the in vitro activity of marbofloxacin against escherichia coli (e. coli) strains with differing marbofloxacin susceptibility levels under optimal growth conditions and under condition mimicking faecal environment in time-kill kinetic studies. under optimal growth conditions, marbofloxacin exerted a bactericidal concentration-dependent activity against all e. coli strains with bactericidal concentrations equal to 1 or 4 times mic. under faecal growth con ...	2006	16126240
characterization of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line for in vitro studies of microbial pathogenesis in swine.	in vitro studies on the pathogenesis in swine have been hampered by the lack of relevant porcine cell lines. since many bacterial infections are swine-specific, studies on pathogenic mechanisms require appropriate cell lines of porcine origin. we have characterized the permanent porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, ipec-j2, using a variety of methods in order to assess the usefulness of this cell line as an in vitro infection model. electron microscopic analyses and histochemical staining re ...	2006	16215741
detection of sul1, sul2 and sul3 in sulphonamide resistant escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy humans, pork and pigs in denmark.	the occurrence of sulphonamide resistance was investigated in 998 escherichia coli isolates, obtained from pig faeces collected at slaughter, danish pork collected at retail outlets and from faeces from healthy persons in denmark. in total 18% (n=35), 20% (n=38) and 26% (n=161) of the e. coli isolates obtained from humans, pork and pigs, respectively, were resistant to sulphonamide. all sulphonamide resistant e. coli isolates were investigated for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3 and inti1 genes ...	2006	16216373
iodotyrosine deiodinase is the first mammalian member of the nadh oxidase/flavin reductase superfamily.	the enzyme responsible for iodide salvage in the thyroid, iodotyrosine deiodinase, was solubilized from porcine thyroid microsomes by limited proteolysis with trypsin. the resulting protein retained deiodinase activity and was purified using anion exchange, dye, and hydrophobic chromatography successively. peptide sequencing of the final isolate identified the gene responsible for the deiodinase. the amino acid sequence of the porcine enzyme is highly homologous to corresponding genes in a varie ...	2006	16316988
identification by mass spectroscopy of f4ac-fimbrial-binding proteins in porcine milk and characterization of lactadherin as an inhibitor of f4ac-positive escherichia coli attachment to intestinal villi in vitro.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) must attach to the intestinal surface to cause diarrhea. milk and colostrum play an important role in protecting suckling piglets against etec through their constituent antibodies as well as non-immunoglobulin factors. we used affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify lactadherin, beta-casein, whey acidic protein, lipoprotein lipase, and several structural cellular proteins as non-immunoglobulin f4ac fimbriae-binding p ...	2006	16321438
differential effects of clathrin and actin inhibitors on internalization of escherichia coli and salmonella choleraesuis in porcine jejunal peyer's patches.	peyer's patches constitute both an inductive immune site and an enteropathogen invasion route. peyer's patch mucosae from porcine jejunum were mounted in ussing chambers, and either salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain sc-54 or non-pathogenic rodent and porcine escherichia coli strains contacted the peyer's patch mucosa for 90 min. internalized bacteria were quantified by a gentamicin resistance assay. monodansylcadaverine (300 microm, luminal addition), an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endoc ...	2006	16326046
experimental infection of enterotoxemic escherichia coli associated with porcine edema disease and its pathologic characteristics in the intestine.	edema disease (ed) has become frequent in japan, but no effective method for experimental infection has been developed. we report here the use of a capsule that resistant against gastric digestion to induce the ed in piglets. four 21-day-old piglets were used. shiga toxin 2e-producing escherichia coli (stec) cell pellet was encapsulated and administered orally. two pigs received 1.0x10(10) cfu for two days, and the others received 3.9x10(8) cfu for three days. the high-dose group caused the typi ...	2005	16327230
adrenocorticotrophic hormone modulates escherichia coli o157:h7 adherence to porcine colonic mucosa.	exposure to stress is associated with susceptibility to disease and one stress mediator, norepinephrine, has been reported to enhance the adherence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec) to the colonic mucosa. we tested the hypothesis that adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and other stress-related hormones may act in a similar fashion. explants of distal colonic mucosa from young pigs were mounted in ussing chambers and their luminal aspect was exposed to ehec strain 700728 for 30 ...	2005	16329163
shiga toxin 2e-producing escherichia coli isolates from humans and pigs differ in their virulence profiles and interactions with intestinal epithelial cells.	thirteen escherichia coli strains harboring stx2e were isolated from 11,056 human stools. this frequency corresponded to the presence of the stx2e allele in 1.7% of all shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains. the strains harboring stx2e were associated with mild diarrhea (n = 9) or asymptomatic infections (n = 4). because stec isolates possessing stx2e are porcine pathogens, we compared the human stec isolates with stx2e-harboring e. coli isolated from piglets with edema disease and postwe ...	2005	16332882
a gntr family transcriptional regulator (pigt) controls gluconate-mediated repression and defines a new, independent pathway for regulation of the tripyrrole antibiotic, prodigiosin, in serratia.	biosynthesis of the red, tripyrrole antibiotic prodigiosin (pig) by serratia sp. atcc 39006 (39006) is controlled by a complex regulatory network involving an n-acyl homoserine lactone (n-ahl) quorum-sensing system, at least two separate two-component signal transduction systems and a multitude of other regulators. in this study, a new transcriptional activator, pigt, and a physiological cue (gluconate), which are involved in an independent pathway controlling pig biosynthesis, have been charact ...	2005	16339930
susceptibility of escherichia coli from growing piglets receiving antimicrobial feed additives.	concerns regarding an apparent association between the use of antimicrobial feed additives (afas) in food animal production and a concomitant increase in antimicrobial drug resistance among zoonotic enteropathogens have provided the impetus to propose cessation of their use. while afas have been used in food animal production for nearly 50 years, the future use of afas will require an understanding of the effects of different classes of antimicrobials on the antimicrobial resistance of commensal ...	2005	16366853
experimental comparison of excision and swabbing microbiological sampling methods for carcasses.	bovine sides, ovine carcasses, and porcine carcasses were individually inoculated by dipping in various suspensions of a marker organism (escherichia coli k-12 or pseudomonas fluorescens), alone or in combination with two meat-derived bacterial strains, and were sampled by two standard methods: cotton wet-dry swabbing and excision. the samples were examined for bacterial counts on plate count agar (pca plate counts) and on violet red brilliant green agar (vrbga plate counts) by standard internat ...	2005	16245724
antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of escherichia coli isolates from swine in ontario.	a total of 318 escherichia coli isolates obtained from diarrheic and healthy pigs in ontario from 2001 to 2003 were examined for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents. they were tested by pcr for the presence of resistance genes for tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and apramycin and of 12 common virulence genes of porcine e. coli. antimicrobial resistance frequency among e. coli isolates from swine in ontario was moderate in comparison with other countries and was higher in is ...	2005	16269706
attachment strength to pork skin and resistance to quaternary ammonium salt and heat of escherichia coli isolates recovered from a pork slaughter line.	the aim of this study was to determine whether the attachment strength to pork skin, quaternary ammonium salt resistance, and thermal inactivation kinetics (at 65 degrees c) of a range of escherichia coli isolates could be correlated with their temporal stability (persistence) within a pork slaughter line. the genetic lineage of the e. coli isolates was determined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr. the genotypes were divided into transient and endemic populations based on ...	2005	16300087
structural model of human gad65: prediction and interpretation of biochemical and immunogenic features.	the 65 kda human isoform of glutamate decarboxylase, gad65, plays a central role in neurotransmission in higher vertebrates and is a typical autoantigen in several human autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm), stiff-man syndrome and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type i. in autoimmune diabetes, an attack of inflammatory cells to endocrine pancreatic beta-cells leads to their complete destruction, eventually resulting in the inability to produce sufficient insu ...	2005	15690345
effect of glutamine and spray-dried plasma on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of escherichia coli k88+-challenged weaned pigs.	forty weaned barrows (5.32 +/- 0.3 kg bw) at 17 +/- 2 d of age were used to investigate the effects of feeding glutamine and spray-dried plasma on the growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of escherichia coli k88-challenged pigs. pigs were allotted to four treatments including: 1) nonchallenged control (nonc); 2) challenged control (chac); 3) 7% (as-fed basis) spray-dried plasma (sdp); and 4) 2% (as-fed basis) glutamine (gln). on d 11 after weaning, all pigs were ...	2005	15705760
two-cistronic expression plasmids for high-level gene expression in escherichia coli preventing translational initiation inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mrna.	two-cistronic expression plasmids for the wild-type solubilized domain of porcine nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (pscpr) gene in escherichia coli were systematically constructed using a solubilized domain of porcine cytochrome b5 gene (psb5 gene) or a derivative of it as the first cistron to examine their utility for second gene expression preventing the translational inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mrna at the ribosome-binding site (rbs). the mrnas from the ...	2005	15858177
structural aspects and biological properties of the cathelicidin pmap-36.	pmap-36 is a cathelicidin-derived host defence peptide originally deduced by a transcript from pig bone marrow rna. the expression of the propeptide in leukocytes, and the structure, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of action of the mature peptide were investigated. the proform is stored as a dimeric precursor of 38 kda formed by a dimerization site at its c-terminal cysteine residue; it is likely that the mature peptide is dimeric when released. monomeric and dimeric forms of pmap-36 were ...	2005	16128809
in vitro expression, monoclonal antibody and bioactivity for capsid protein of porcine circovirus type ii without nuclear localization signal.	we expressed firstly the capsid protein gene defecting the nuclear localization signal (nls) of porcine circovirus type ii (pcv2) in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (rgst-dcap protein). the purified rgst-dcap protein and the recombinant nls-defected cap protein of pcv2 (rdcap protein) from the purified rgst-dcap protein reacted specifically with swine antiserum to pcv2. furthermore, the obtained monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to rdcap protein were shown to bind ...	2005	15964652
flexibility of prolyl oligopeptidase: molecular dynamics and molecular framework analysis of the potential substrate pathways.	the flexibility of prolyl oligopeptidase has been investigated using molecular dynamics (md) and molecular framework approaches to delineate the route of the substrate to the active site. the selectivity of the enzyme is mediated by a seven-bladed beta-propeller that in the crystal structure does not indicate the possible passage for the substrate to the catalytic center. its open topology however, could allow the blades to move apart and let the substrate into the large central cavity. flexibil ...	2005	15971204
a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo.	prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. in the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (gos) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. in situ fluorescent hybridization with 16s r ...	2005	15987856
de novo rna synthesis and homology modeling of the classical swine fever virus rna polymerase.	classical swine fever virus (csfv) non-structural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), a key enzyme which initiates rna replication by a de novo mechanism without a primer and is a potential target for anti-virus therapy. we expressed the ns5b protein in escherichia coli. the rgtp can stimulate de novo initiation of rna synthesis and mutation of the gdd motif to gly-asp-asp (gaa) abolishes the rna synthesis. to better understand the mechanism of viral rna synthesis i ...	2005	16022897
impact of dried skim milk in production diets on lactobacillus and pathogenic bacterial shedding in growing-finishing swine.	to determine the possible effects of inclusion of dried skim milk (dsm) in swine diets on indigenous lactobacillus spp. and escherichia coli, and its potential for controlling pathogen shedding and affect animal growth in growing-finishing swine.	2005	16033472
assessment of the fitness impacts on escherichia coli of acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes encoded by different types of genetic element.	little is known of the fitness cost that antibiotic resistance exerts on wild-type bacteria, especially in their natural environments. we therefore examined the fitness costs that several antibiotic resistance elements imposed on a wild-type escherichia coli isolate, both in the laboratory and in a pig gut colonization model.	2005	16040624
characterization of two major groups of diarrheagenic escherichia coli o26 strains which are globally spread in human patients and domestic animals of different species.	twenty-three escherichia coli o26 strains from humans, cattle, sheep, pigs and chicken were investigated for virulence markers and for genetic similarity by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing. two groups of genetically closely related o26 strains were defined. one group is formed by enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) e. coli strains, which do not ferment rhamnose and dulcitol and most of these carry a plasmid encoding enterohemolysin. the other gro ...	2005	16046083
microbial quality of runoff following land application of cattle manure and swine slurry.	concentrations of human health-related microorganisms in runoff from agricultural plots (0.75 m x 2 m) treated with fresh and aged cattle manure, swine slurry and no manure (control) were determined. three consecutive simulated rainfall events, producing 35 mm rainfall and separated by 24 h, were carried out for each plot. fecal indicator (escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens and coliphage) loads released in rainfall runoff from plots treated with fresh cattle manure, aged catt ...	2005	16075941
effects of perfluorohexan vapor on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and lung histology in pigs with lung injury after endotoxin infusion.	inhaled perfluorohexan vapor has been shown to improve gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics in oleic acid- and ventilator-induced lung injury. however, in the clinical setting, lung injury frequently occurs in the context of systemic inflammation and consecutive lung injury, which may be induced experimentally by intravenous administration of endotoxin. the authors studied whether vaporized perfluorohexan is efficacious during endotoxin-induced lung injury in domestic pigs.	2005	16129984
effects of nitric oxide in 5-hydroxytryptamine-, cholera toxin-, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli- and salmonella typhimurium-induced secretion in the porcine small intestine.	the effects of nitric oxide (no) in the secretory response to the endogenous secretagogue 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), the enterotoxins heat-labile enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) toxin (lt) and cholera toxin (ct), and various cultures of etec and salmonella serotype typhimurium in the porcine small intestine (sus scrofa) were investigated. in anaesthetized pigs, jejunal tied-off loops were instilled with 5-ht, lt, ct, various cultures of etec or s. typhimurium. pigs were given intravenou ...	2005	16098780
host immune status influences the development of attaching and effacing lesions in weaned pigs.	attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec) has been associated with naturally occurring attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions in weaned pigs, and although a/e lesions have been experimentally reproduced in newborn piglets, such lesions have been much more difficult to induce in older conventional pigs. hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of oral administration of dexamethasone on the development of a/e lesions in weaned pigs challenged with a porcine enteropathogenic e. col ...	2005	16113267
missing effects of zinc in a porcine model of recurrent endotoxemia.	chronic human sepsis often is characterised by the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (cars). during cars, anti-inflammatory cytokines depress the inflammatory response leading to secondary and opportunistic infections. proved in vitro as well as in vivo, zinc's pro-inflammatory effect might overcome this depression.	2005	16242024
heterologous expression of biologically active porcine lactoferrin in pichia pastoris yeast.		2005	16244999
macrolides and lincomycin susceptibility of mycoplasma hyorhinis and variable mutation of domain ii and v in 23s ribosomal rna.	a total of 151 strains of mycoplasma hyorhinis isolated from porcine lung lesions (weaned pigs, n=71, and finishers, n=80) were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. thirty-one strains (28 from weaned pigs and 3 from finishers) showed resistance to 16-membered macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin. the prevalence of the 16-membered macrolide-resistant m. hyorhinis strain in weaned pigs from japanese herds has approximately quadrupled in the past 10 years. seve ...	2005	16141666
antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs in japan.	we examined the 12 antimicrobial susceptibilities of 175 e. coli isolates from sick cattle and pigs by an agar dilution method. resistance was found in 78.3% of isolates for oxytetracycline, 70.3% of isolates for dihydrostreptomycin, and 49.1% of isolates for ampicillin. when compared with healthy animals reported by kijima-tanaka et al., resistance rates for 11 antimicrobial agents were higher in sick cattle than in healthy cattle, and resistance rates for all antimicrobial agents were higher i ...	2005	16276055
[cloning and expression of the alpha-amylase gene from a bacillus sp. ws06, and characterization of the enzyme].	a bacillus sp. ws06, which produces an extracellular alpha-amylase, was isolated from the cecum in a piglet. an amyf gene from this bacillus strain was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. an open reading frame composed of 1581 bases, which encodes 526 amino acid residues was found. the amyf gene shows high sequence homologies with other microbial amylase genes, such as bacillus megaterium and bacillus polymyxa (93% and 53% identity). the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that f ...	2005	16496695
virulence characteristics of escherichia coli isolates obtained from broiler breeders with salpingitis.	thirty isolates of escherichia coli from broiler breeders with salpingitis were studied. using the slide agglutination test, the isolates were found to belong to serogroups o1, o2, o5, o36, o45, o53 and o78. pathogenicity for day-old chicks was determined by air sac inoculation and isolates were categorized as having high, intermediate or low virulence. growth on iron starvation medium was observed together with aerobactin production. based on the results of in vitro adherence tests, attachment ...	2005	15563950
effect of zinc pretreatment on pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro and pulmonary function in a porcine model of endotoxemia.	during endotoxemia, the systemic inflammatory response often leads to severe pulmonary damages. destruction of endothelial cells, interstitial edema, and interstitial alveolitis depress pulmonary circulation and raise extravascular lung water and intrapulmonary shunt. as protective effects of zinc are described in vitro as well as in vivo, this study investigates its impact on septic porcine pulmonary endothelial monolayers as well as on the pulmonary function of endotoxemic pigs.	2005	15680386
escherichia coli o157:h7 does not require intimin to persist in pigs.		2005	15731090
investigation of domestic animals and pets as a reservoir for intimin- (eae) gene positive escherichia coli types.	domestic animals belonging to seven different species (cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, pigs, chicken and goats) were investigated as natural reservoirs for attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec). for this, 2165 e. coli strains from faeces of 803 animals were examined for the presence of the intimin -(eae) gene as a characteristic of aeec strains. ten percent of the animals were found to excrete aeec, most frequently found in sheep (19.2%) and pigs (17.6), followed by cattle (10.4%), dogs (7.2 ...	2005	15737477
analyses of livestock production, waste storage, and pathogen levels and prevalences in farm manures.	survey results describing the levels and prevalences of zoonotic agents in 1,549 livestock waste samples were analyzed for significance with livestock husbandry and farm waste management practices. statistical analyses of survey data showed that livestock groups containing calves of <3 months of age, piglets, or lambs had higher prevalences and levels of campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli o157 in their wastes. younger calves that were still receiving milk, however, had significantly lower l ...	2005	15746323
inhibition of bacterial adherence on the surface of stents and bacterial growth in bile by bismuth dimercaprol.	bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents is believed to be one of the main factors in stent occlusion. this study explored the role of the new reagent, bismuth dimercaprol, in preventing bacterial adherence and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents. sterile porcine bile preparations, infected separately with escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, and enterococcus, were used as the perfusion media in an in vitro perfusion sy ...	2005	15986852
antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli in retail foods.	extraintestinal escherichia coli infections are associated with specialized extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) strains and, increasingly, with antimicrobial resistance. the food supply may disseminate expec and antimicrobial-resistant e. coli.	2005	15747237
identification of the outer-membrane protein pagc required for the serum resistance phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis.	serum resistance is a crucial virulence factor for the development of systemic infections, including bacteraemia, by many pathogenic bacteria. salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is an important enteric pathogen that causes serious systemic infections in swine and humans. here, it was found that, when introduced into escherichia coli, a recombinant plasmid carrying the pagc gene from a plasmid-based genomic library of s. enterica serovar choleraesuis conferred a high-level resistance to the ...	2005	15758232
decline of zoonotic agents in livestock waste and bedding heaps.	to measure the rates of decline of zoonotic agents introduced into heaps of spent bedding and faecal wastes generated by commercially farmed livestock and managed in a similar way to that of a working farm.	2005	16033467
different effects of surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide in modulation of inflammatory injury in ventilated piglet lungs.	septic acute lung injury (ali) causes high morbidity and mortality in intensive care service as a result of biotrauma and dysfunction in the lungs and other organ systems. we hypothesized that surfactant and/or inhaled nitric oxide (ino) may have different effects in modulation of inflammatory injury in septic ali. twenty-four healthy, 6-9 kg piglets were anesthetized, and intraperitoneally injected with escherichia coli, followed by a low tidal volume ventilation until sepsis and ali developed ...	2005	15777614
effects of ifn-alpha on the inflammatory response of swine leukocytes to bacterial endotoxin.	because low-dose interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) treatment had proved effective in several models of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease, a possible role of ifn-alpha in modulating the response of swine leukocytes to bacterial endotoxin was investigated in this study. exposure of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to low concentrations of human ifn-alpha caused a strong, dose-dependent decrease in cd14 expression, the lowest level being observed at 5 u/ml ifn-alpha. this result ...	2005	15812246
antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments after infection with classical swine fever virus.	antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments, after classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection, were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). selection of various e(rns) fragments was based on an immunodominant erns region encompassing three overlapping antigenic regions, amino acids 65 to 145 (erns(aa)65-145) (ar1), 84 to 160 (erns(aa)84-160) (ar2), and 109 to 220 (erns(aa)109-220) (ar3), identified earlier by our group (m. lin, e. trottier, j. pasick, and m. sab ...	2005	15643004
prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) 0157 in swedish dairy herds.	a prevalence study of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) was performed in 371 randomly selected dairy herds distributed throughout sweden. faecal and manure samples were collected and analysed by immunomagnetic separation and culturing. data were recorded for each herd regarding herd size, age of sampled animals and whether, in addition to cattle, the farm kept other animals. vtec o157 was isolated from 33 (8.9%) of the 371 investigated herds. the prevalence was higher (23.3%) ...	2005	15816162
biochemical intestinal parameters in germ-free minipigs and rats and in ex-germ-free minipigs and rats monoassociated with escherichia coli.	intestinal contents of newborn and young germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were investigated for the following biochemical parameters - conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine, level of tryptic activity, formation of urobilinogen and the profile of short-chain fatty acids. additionally, germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were monoassociated with non-pathogenic strains of escherichia coli and were investigated for the same biochemical parameters. the c ...	2005	15836440
oxygen extraction in pigs subjected to low-dose infusion of endotoxin after major abdominal surgery.	sepsis may impair o(2) extraction due to blood flow redistribution or decreased utilization of the available oxygen.	2005	15836675
[high level secretion expression of poifnalpha in pichia pastoris].	the porcine alpha interferon gene was inserted into the pichia pastoris expression vector of ppiczalphaa which contains aox i promoter and alpha-factor signal sequence. the recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell e.coli jm109 and then was extracted for analysis of restriction enzymes. it was confirmed that heterogeneous gene spliced into vector ppiczalphaa was ifnalpha gene. the recombinant plasmid of ppiczalphaa-ifnalpha was linearnized by sac i and transformed into km71 by electropo ...	2005	15843348
novel preharvest strategies involving the use of experimental chlorate preparations and nitro-based compounds to prevent colonization of food-producing animals by foodborne pathogens.	foodborne diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, salmonella, and campylobacter species are of public health and economic significance. shedding of these pathogens during production and slaughter are risks for contamination of products for human consumption. consequently, strategies are sought to prevent or reduce the carriage of these pathogens in food animals before slaughter. experimental products containing chlorate salts have been proven efficacious in reducing concentrations ...	2005	15844824
investigation and application of methods for enumerating heterotrophs and escherichia coli in the air within piggery sheds.	to investigate methods for the recovery of airborne bacteria within pig sheds and to then use the appropriate methods to determine the levels of heterotrophs and escherichia coli in the air within sheds.	2005	15836483
characterization of the type i secretion system of the rtx toxin apxii in "actinobacillus porcitonsillarum".	strains of actinobacillus porcitonsillarum are regularly isolated from the tonsils of healthy pigs. a. porcitonsillarum is non pathogenic but phenotypically it strongly resembles the pathogenic species actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, thereby interfering with the diagnosis of the latter. a. porcitonsillarum is hemolytic but unlike a. pleuropneumoniae, it contains only apxii genes and not apxi or apxiii genes. in contrast to the truncated apxii operon of a. pleuropneumoniae, which lacks the type ...	2005	15863281