Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| transferred humoral immunity in chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | progeny chicks of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-infected and mg-free white leghorns were used to evaluate the protective effects of maternal antibodies against aerosol challenge with the virulent r strain of mg at 3, 7, or 14 days of age. interference by maternal antibodies with day-1 vaccination with the f strain of mg was also studied. in another trial, 8, 4, or 2 ml of high- or low-titered antiserum was given to 20-day-old commercial white leghorn chicks. protection was measured in terms of a ... | 1984 | 6721806 |
| evaluation of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum as vaccines in young chickens. | five trials were conducted to evaluate the virulence and the vaccination efficacy of the f, r, s6, and a5969 strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at different in vitro passage levels. vaccination was done by eye-drop or aerosol, and efficacy was evaluated in terms of air-sac lesions after aerosol challenge with the r strain of mg. continuing medium passage of these strains of mg resulted in gradual attenuation. aerosol vaccination with highly attenuated mg at 21 days of age was more effectiv ... | 1984 | 6721807 |
| mycoplasma challenge studies in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and chickens. | an upper respiratory condition that resulted in 20% mortality in a flock of yellow-naped amazon parrots was apparently caused by a concomitant infection of mycoplasmas and bacteria. mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), m. iowae, and an unidentified mycoplasma were isolated from the affected parrots. budgerigars were experimentally infected with a parrot strain of mg designated mg(p) 1669 as well as with the r strain of mg and the f10-2 strain of m. synoviae (ms). air-sac lesions were evident in all gr ... | 1984 | 6743176 |
| avian mycoplasma infections: prototype of mixed infections with mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. | mixed infections involving mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria are well recognized in chickens. synergism has been demonstrated between mycoplasma gallisepticum and the viruses of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and escherichia coli, although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors associated with the host and the organisms. airsacculitis in broilers due to m. synoviae or m. gallinarum may be precipitated by concurrent respiratory virus infections including vaccine strai ... | 1984 | 6324630 |
| further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. | newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mutant (ts 100). immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent s6 strain. the dose of ts mg needed for protection was less than 3.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units. after immunization with ts 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis ... | 1984 | 6326734 |
| the effect of oil-emulsion vaccines on the occurrence of nonspecific plate agglutination reactions for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae. | six groups of ten 18-week-old mycoplasma-free white leghorn pullets were vaccinated with one of the following: mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin. haemophilus gallinarum bacterin, pasteurella multocida bacterin, combined infectious bursal disease (ibd)-newcastle (ndv) chicken-embryo-origin (ceo) vaccine. ibd-ndv tissue-culture-origin (tc) vaccine, or saline emulsified in oil; one group received no vaccine. plate agglutination tests for m. synoviae (ms) and mg were done for 10 weeks after vac ... | 1984 | 6331364 |
| influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli. | chickens that have considerable resistance to salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. these agents also influenced the is ... | 1984 | 6331365 |
| microcomputer-assisted morphometric analysis of airsacculitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunised and nonimmunised chickens. | inflammation caused by inoculation of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) into the air sacs was compared in chickens previously exposed by intramuscular injection of mg with that produced in nonimmunised chickens. air sacs from chickens inoculated with frey's media, from those receiving only intramuscular injections of mg, and from nonimmunised non-challenged birds were included in the evaluations. the airsacculitis produced in immunised chickens was more severe at 48 hours post-challenge infection th ... | 1984 | 18766867 |
| [avian mycoplasmosis: comparative study of the plate agglutination test, haemagglutination inhibition test and metabolic inhibition test for detection of antibody against mycoplasma gallisepticum]. | this study was performed with the use of the mg/s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum, reference sera, sera from vaccinated chickens (given at inactivated vaccine) and sera from infected turkeys in the field. titres of antibody detected were well correlated for the three tests. however, the plate agglutination test (pat) allowed the earliest detection, and metabolic inhibition test (mit) was as sensitive and specific as the haemagglutination inhibition test (hit). mit allowed a good repeatabilit ... | 1984 | 18766885 |
| a correlative in vivo study of the surface morphology and colonisation of the chicken trachea infected by mycoplasma gallisepticum strains r and f. | the pathogenic processes occurring in the chicken trachea as the result of infection by mycoplasma gallisepticum were followed at frequent intervals over a 2-week period after introduction of the organism into the trachea. a correlation was made between changes in the surface morphology of the trachea, as seen by the scanning electron microscope, and mycoplasma colonisation of the upper respiratory tract, as evaluated in isolation studies. effects of the clinical status of the birds were indicat ... | 1983 | 18766781 |
| cloacal infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum and the effect of inoculation with h120 infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | infectivity of an isolate of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence was studied in specific pathogen free chickens from 1 day old until after the onset of lay. widespread cloacal infection developed and it was discussed in relation to the low serological response. the effects produced by inoculation of h120 infectious bronchitis vaccine virus and coming into lay were associated with changes in serological response and increased cloacal cultural recovery. the possibility of ascending cloacal i ... | 1983 | 18766808 |
| application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in poultry. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (myco-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in chicken sera. the assay was standardized in terms of optimum antigen concentration, serum dilution, conjugate dilution and incubation temperature, and time. the myco-elisa antigen was prepared from mg whole bacterial cell or its disrupted cell suspension. both preparations showed strong affinity for binding or adsorbing to the surface of polystyrene wells of the microtiter pla ... | 1983 | 6342593 |
| laboratory infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | house sparrows were infected by aerosol with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms). mg was reisolated from 5 to 11 sparrows 10 days postinfection, but infection appeared to be temporary. mycoplasma-free chickens reared in the experimental house became infected with mg during the trial. ms was recovered from only one sparrow. serological tests were unsatisfactory for diagnosing infected birds. the results suggest that house sparrows may be temporary biological carriers of mg. | 1983 | 6847547 |
| experimental infection of ducks with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | specific-pathogen-free ducks 24 and 180 days old were inoculated intranasally with the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). no significant gross lesions were found in trachea, lung or air sacs at 7 or 28 days postinfection (pi). mg was recovered from the infraorbital sinus and trachea but not from the air sacs 7 and 28 days pi. a few ducks responded serologically by developing agglutinating antibody. mg multiplied in embryonated duck eggs but to lower titers than in embryonated chicken eg ... | 1983 | 6870721 |
| indirect micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma synoviae and m. gallisepticum. | the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with that of the rapid serum-plate test (rspt) and the hemagglutination-inhibition test (hit) in detecting antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms). membrane antigens of mg strain s6 and ms strain nel 61800 were used. elisa was performed with single ms and single mg antigens and a combined ms/mg antigen. the ms-elisa was as sensitive as the ms-rspt and more sensiti ... | 1983 | 6639552 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in wild-type turkeys living in close contact with domestic fowl. | mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated from 2 wild-type turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and 1 domestic turkey living in close contact on a farm in tehama county, california. sinusitis was detected in 2 of 14 wild-type turkeys and in 1 of 12 feral broad-breasted bronze turkeys, but in none of several chickens on the premises. the entire mixed flock was captured, sinus aspirates were collected from affected birds, and blood samples were obtained from all birds for serologic testing. blood samples als ... | 1983 | 6643238 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)--laboratory and field studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of an inactivated mg bacterin. | a highly antigenic isolate of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was utilized in the production of an inactivated, oil-emulsified mg bacterin (mgb). laboratory tests indicated that the bacterin was capable of protecting chickens from clinical signs of mg caused by intrasinus challenge with the r, s-6, pg-31, or 1150 strain of mg. vaccinated turkeys also were protected from clinical signs of disease when challenged with mg. use of the mgb in chickens under laboratory conditions resulted in a reduction ... | 1983 | 6688951 |
| observations on the pathogenicity of alcaligenes faecalis in chickens. | a series of trials was conducted in which specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chicks were exposed to various isolates of alcaligenes faecalis. chicks were inoculated with a. faecalis alone or in combination with newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (nc/br) vaccine, laryngotracheitis vaccine, infectious bursal disease virus, or mycoplasma gallisepticum. the response was evaluated by morbidity, mortality, airsacculitis, reisolation of a. faecalis, and histopathological lesions of tracheas. alt ... | 1983 | 6227315 |
| immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were used to immunize newly hatched chickens. immunized chickens developed antibodies to the wild-type (wt) s6 strain as demonstrated by serologic tests. mg was recovered from nasal cavities but not from the lower respiratory tract of the immunized chicks. three weeks after intranasal immunization, chickens were challenged via the air sacs with the virulent s6 strain. immunized chickens were significantly better ... | 1983 | 6227317 |
| detection of mixed mycoplasma species. | immunofluorescence can be used to demonstrate mixed species within a mycoplasma culture; however, it may fail to do so if one species is present in very low numbers. to enhance the detection of minor components in such mixtures, a technique was developed, based on the growth inhibition test, whereby the growth of the major component in a mixed culture was inhibited, thus permitting the minor component to emerge. the method was applied to 67 field isolates from chickens and turkeys, which had bee ... | 1982 | 6749893 |
| indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum. | the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (iip) was applied to the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum by using colonies grown on the agar plate as antigen. the sensitivity and the specificity of iip were evaluated by the use of sera from experimentally infected, filed, and spf chickens. as compared with tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, iip was highly effective and specific for detecting antibodies against m. gallisepticum ... | 1982 | 7043285 |
| low levels of mycoplasma gallisepticum or m synoviae agglutination reactors. | 1982 | 7090150 | |
| detection of inhibitors in chicken tracheal washings against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a chicken tracheal ring tissue-culture system was used to demonstrate that specific and nonspecific substances in chicken tracheal secretions inhibit the cilia-stopping effect (cse) of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). in chickens less than six weeks old, specific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washings from chickens inoculated with mg. nonspecific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washes from untreated chickens seven weeks or older. complement may play a role in the inhibi ... | 1982 | 7092736 |
| field evaluation of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | results of a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test were compared with hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test results in diagnosing mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of chickens in the field. of 16 flocks negative for mg by the hi test, eight were cf-positive. of nine flocks that were hi-positive for mg, three were cf-negative. it was concluded that the cf test is not effective in diagnosing mg infection of chickens in the field. | 1982 | 7103897 |
| early detection of tracheal damage in chickens by scanning electron microscopy. | fifteen-day-old chickens were inoculated with effective doses of cultured mycoplasma gallisepticum and treated with the antibiotic tiamulin or tylosin. scanning electron microscopy was used to detect early and late damages in the tracheal mucosa of the affected birds. edematous changes of various degrees were demonstrated as early as day 4 postinoculation. catarrhal changes were observed at day 10 postinoculation, and obstruction of the tracheal lumen by mucofibrinous plugs was observed at day 1 ... | 1982 | 7103901 |
| egg transmission of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the egg transmissibility of strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied in 53 pullets by isolating mg from the eggs and embryos. mg was isolated at rates of 3.19% and 1.59% from the eggs of hens exposed by aerosol to the r or f strain, respectively. however, mg was isolated at rates of 0.19% and 0.00% from the eggs of chickens exposed by eye drop to the r or f strain, respectively. a statistically significant reduction in egg production was observed during the first 4 weeks post ... | 1982 | 7150143 |
| cross-immunity and antigenic relationships among five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in young leghorn chickens. | five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were tested for their cross-protection, virulence, and antigenic relationship in young leghorn chickens. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age by eye drop with the f or r strain of mg had good protection against aerosol challenge with the f, r, or s-6 strain at 4 weeks postvaccination. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with the 503 or 730 strain had only partial protection against challenge with r, f, or s-6; the degree of cross-protection was relate ... | 1982 | 7150144 |
| capsular material of mycoplasma gallisepticum and its possible relevance to the pathogenic process. | a ruthenium red-staining capsule was observed on two pathogenic strains, but not on one nonpathogenic strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum. the capsule appeared to mediate cytadsorption of mycoplasmas to the chicken tracheal epithelium without evidence of membrane fusion. no relationship was seen between the presence of capsule and hemagglutination titers of the strains examined. | 1982 | 6177640 |
| effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum on genetically defined chickens. | three parameters were used to measure differences between arkansas progressor and regressor lines of chickens in response to mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculations. the responses of regressor and progressor lines to m. gallisepticum did not differ as judged by antibody response, severity of airsacculitis, and resistance of tracheal ring tissue cultures from 20-day-old progressor and regressor chick embryos to m. gallisepticum. | 1982 | 6284109 |
| immunological response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | the cellular, humoral, and local immune responses of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection were studied at weekly intervals for 10 weeks. a cellular response was indicated by significant leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) was demonstrated as early as one week postinfection (pi), but the maximum lmi of 36.4% was observed at seven weeks pi. induction of cellular response was further confirmed by positive-delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction, observed in all infected birds tested. t ... | 1981 | 7259674 |
| vaccination with f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum to reduce production losses in layer chickens. | the effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection or vaccination of conn. f-strain mg on 45 weeks of egg production was analyzed using production records from 132 flocks of commercial layer hens. the flocks were located in pennsylvania, and the data were collected for two years. on the average, layers maintained free from infection with mg laid 15.7 more eggs/hen housed than the mg-infected layers; figures were adjusted for layer-strain effect. this adjusted advantage decreased to 8.7 eggs/h ... | 1981 | 7259680 |
| mycoplasma-induced arthritis in poultry. | mycoplasmaa-induced arthritis of poultry under field conditions is almost entirely caused by mycoplasm synoviae (ms) infection. experimentally, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae have all been shown to cause arthritis, tenosynovitis and lesions of periarticular tissue. however, greatest attention has been given to ms in this respect. the leg joints are most consistently involved, and of these particularly the tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal and ... | 1981 | 7287403 |
| vaccination of chickens with nonpathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum as a means for displacement of pathogenic strains. | attempts to solve the problem of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of poultry by a combination of eradication and antibiotic treatment have at best met with only partial success. as a result of the continuing economic burden of the disease, there has been a renewed interest in vaccination as a tool in the control of mg. a particularly pressing problem exists in the commercial egg industry, where the occurrence of mg infection of layer hens at the onset of egg production leads to a marked d ... | 1981 | 7287410 |
| mycoplasmosis in poultry. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis are the most widespread pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas. the epidemiology of the infections, and clinical signs, lesions, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of disease are described. in epidemiology, the constant antigenic composition, variation in virulence, tropism, survival of the mycoplasma outside and within the host and susceptibility to drugs are outlined. the significance of species, age and immune status of the hos ... | 1981 | 7287415 |
| light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and histomorphometric evaluation of mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced airsacculitis in chickens. | 1981 | 7294464 | |
| sequential pathology of genital tract in chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | unsexed day-old white leghorn chicks hatched from eggs pre-treated with erythromycin were infected via the yolk sac with a 48-hr broth culture of pathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum (s6). fourteen of the 57 experimental female birds had gross lesions in the oviduct, characterized by the presence of grayish-white caseous plugs of various sizes in a segment or throughout the length of the oviduct. forty-six of the infected female birds had microscopic lesions, detected primarily as mild heterophil ... | 1981 | 7316912 |
| transmissibility of the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in leghorn chickens. | leghorn pullets free of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were infected with the f strain of mg at approximately 18 weeks of age. at various times up to 27 weeks postinfection, infected chickens were placed in a pen with uninfected controls. infected chickens remained tracheal carriers up to 49 weeks postinfection. infection was readily transmitted to penmates during the first 4 weeks postinfection; in most instances from 6 through 27 weeks postinfection, transmission to penmates became progressivel ... | 1981 | 7337604 |
| immunogenic potency of oil-emulsified mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterins. | immunogenicity of an aqueous mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin and two oil-emulsified bacterins with aqueous-phase-to-oil-phase ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 were evaluated in 3 groups of 5-week-old mg-free white leghorn chickens. group 4 chickens were nonimmunized controls. group 1, 2, and 3 chickens received primary immunizations with 0.5 ml of bacterin subcutaneously (sc). six weeks later, half of the vaccinated chickens received a second immunization (0.5 ml sc). six weeks after the last dose o ... | 1981 | 7337609 |
| characterization of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 which possesses common antigens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | antigenic characteristics of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 were compared with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae. mycoplasma wvu 907 and mg share common agglutinating and precipitin antigens. although hemagglutinin is an integral part of wvu 907, hemagglutinating-inhibited antibody was not detected in sera of chickens inoculated with wvu 907. the clinical symptoms observed in chickens inoculated with wvu 907 were mild. viral infections of chickens helped spread wvu 907 to c ... | 1981 | 7337614 |
| [microscopic and ultramicroscopic lesions from experimental mycoplasma infection in respiratory tract of chickens. possible difference between pathogenic and non pathogenic strains (author's transl)]. | for three weeks after experimental infection of trachea and scroll bone with mycoplasma gallisepticum no lesions were detected in scroll bone, but only an abundant mucous secretion. mycoplasmas were present and adhered to cilia of epithelial cells. in trachea an almost complete destruction of cilia was observed allowing swollen epithelial cells to appear with mycoplasmas adhering to villi. strain w31 serotype c caused no lesions but cells and cilia were covered with a thick layer of mucous. | 1981 | 7342836 |
| long-term exposure of chickens to three levels of social stress. | cockerels were kept in environments characterized by high (hss), medium (mss), or low (lss) levels of social stress for 3 or 4 months. chickens raised in an environment of low light intensity (lss) gained more weight than did those raised under natural lighting. ability of chickens to produce antibody in response to antigen was greatly reduced, 2(15.4) in the lss group to 2(3.4) in the hss group, 1 day after chickens were moved from the lss environment into the hss environment. normal responsive ... | 1981 | 7020680 |
| preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens. | summary the minimal inhibitory concentrations (m1c) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma. gram-positive, and gram-negative micro-organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. median m1c values for tiamulin against mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 µg/ml) and mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 µg/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, ... | 1980 | 22039981 |
| the growth and cilia-stopping effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | the growth and pathogenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf were studied in chicken tracheal organ cultures. the organism propagated only in the presence of tracheal rings in culture fluids. presence of metabolic products from rings seems to be an important factor for the growth of organism. production of hydrogen peroxide was not detected. there were no differences in the growth and cilia-stopping effects among organisms maintained in vitro, stored at -18 degrees c, and recovered from air sac, ... | 1980 | 7375737 |
| a survey of mycoplasma infections in domestic poultry. | a survey of mycoplasma infections of chickens, turkeys and ducks was made on tissues from a variety of sources and birds of various ages, and from pipped and dead-in-shell turkey embryos. the tissues examined consisted mainly of respiratory tissue and the cloaca and contents and also a small number of joint lesions and other tissues. from chickens, mycoplasmas were isolated from a total of 138 tissues with mycoplasma gallisepticum in preponderance. this was followed by m gallinarum, untyped orga ... | 1980 | 7375739 |
| effect of sex and mycoplasma synoviae infection on chicken red blood cells used for hemagglutination-inhibition test. | a total of 10 male and 10 female 9-week-old commercial mycoplasma-free broiler chickens was used in this test. five males and 5 females were artificially infected by aerosol with a broth culture of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) f10-2as. the other 5 males and 5 females were used as noninfected controls. at 3, 9, and 12 weeks postinfection all birds were bled, and the blood was pooled into 4 groups: infected male, noninfected male, infected female, and noninfected female. hemagglutination-inhibition (h ... | 1980 | 7393863 |
| development of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test was developed for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. cf titers were demonstrated three weeks postinoculation in chickens inoculated intratracheally with m. gallisepticum. the direct microtitration cf test appeared comparable to the hemagglutination-inhibition test in sensitivity and specificity. addition of fresh chicken serum to lyophilized guinea pig complement (gpc') was not necessary to enhance fixaton of gpc' by ... | 1980 | 7436960 |
| preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma, gram-positive, and gram-negative micro-organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. median mic values for tiamulin against mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 microgram/ml) and mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 microgram/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting escherichia coli, pasteurella multoci ... | 1980 | 7444918 |
| evaluation of a vaccine against mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broilers. | the efficacy of live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was studied in three laboratory trials with commercial broilers. broiler chickens were infected with the f or r strain of mg by eyedrop at 1 day of age, and challenged by aerosol exposure to the r strain of mg along with eyedrop vaccination against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis at 30 or 34 days of age. observations were made of macroscopic lesions, severity of airsacculitis, isolations of m ... | 1980 | 7271643 |
| production and persistence of antibodies in chickens to sheep erythrocytes. 2. resistance to infectious diseases. | a line of chickens selected for ability to product high antibody titers to sheep red blood cells exhibited stronger antibody to newcastle disease, was more resistant to mycoplasma gallisepticum, eimeria necatrix, a splenomeglia virus, and feather mites and less resistant to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus infection than a line selected for a lack of ability to produce antibody titers. a line of chickens selected for a nonpersistance of antibody titers to sheep red blood cells was rela ... | 1980 | 6997852 |
| [clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from pharmachem in poultry diseases]. | investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "pharmachim" with 50 iu/mg activity (pharmazin t-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. it was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin t-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. in order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder ... | 1980 | 6998102 |
| performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. | no antibodies against salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. antibodies against i ... | 1980 | 6253742 |
| pathogenicity of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers. | strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared in two laboratory trials for their relative pathogenicity in terms of inducing airsacculitis and antibody production to mg. chickens exposed to the r strain had significantly higher incidence of air-sac lesions (p less than 0.05) and greater severity of airsacculitis than did chicks exposed to the f strain. in both trials, chickens vaccinated simultaneously with newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis vaccine and exposed to mg had mo ... | 1980 | 6268040 |
| control of mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial laying chickens using artificial exposure to connecticut f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1979 | 298929 | |
| isolation and identification of avian mycoplasmas in singapore. | two hundred and forty batches of chickens with chronic respiratory syndrome were tested for mycoplasmas. one hundred and five batches (43.8%) were found to have mycoplasmosis. a total of 110 isolates of mycoplasma was cultured, of which nine isolates were identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum, 48 avian sero-group d, 45 m. gallinarum, one m. iners and seven unclassified. 2. identification of the mycoplasmas isolated was carried out by biochemical and serological tests (disc growth inhibition and ... | 1979 | 455110 |
| haemadsorption inhibition test for the identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | colonies of the avian mycoplasma strains mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 and mycoplasma synoviae wvu 1853 and two mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory were shown to be haemadsorption positive for chicken erythrocytes. three mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory proved to be haemadsorption and haemagglutination negative. the haemadsorption of the mycoplasma colonies mentioned above was inhibited with specific antisera of either high or low titre. no cross-inhibition was obser ... | 1979 | 473153 |
| an ultrastructural study on the interaction of mycoplasma gallisepticum with the chicken tracheal epithelium. | seven-day-old chickens wee intratracheally inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum. the tracheas collected 6 and 14 days after chickens were inoculated were subjected to titration of mycoplasma and examination by light and electron microscopy. the mycoplasma organisms grew well; 10(7) to 10(8) color-changing units in a milligram of tissue were determined. tracheal lesions occurred in close association with the presence of mycoplasmas and were characterized by degeneration of the epithelial cell ... | 1979 | 507485 |
| adaptation of chickens to their handler, and experimental results. | chickens were adapted to their handler before the experiment. adapted birds produced more antibody, had more blood protein, gained more weight, and were more resistant to mycoplasma gallisepticum than unadapted birds. the antibody response to sheep red blood cells was not reduced for fasting for 48 hours in adapted birds but was in unadapted birds. differences in antibody titers, blood protein, and weight gains between controls and birds fed 80 ppm of deoxycorticosterone could be demonstrated on ... | 1979 | 526204 |
| the response of the harderian gland of the fowl to antigen given by the ocular route. ii. antibody production. | after ocular administration to young chickens of sheep erythrocytes (srbc), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) or mycoplasma gallisepticum, homologous antibody was detected in serum and in saline extracts of harderian glands. parenteral immunisation with srbc or ndv stimulated moderately high serum antibody titres but did not evoke a measurable antibody response by the harderian gland. | 1979 | 18770464 |
| haemadsorption inhibition test for the identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | summary colonies of the avian mycoplasma strains mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 and mycoplasma synoviae wvu 1853 and two mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory were shown to be haemadsorption positive for chicken erythrocytes. three mycoplasma synoviae isolates from this laboratory proved to be haemadsorption and haemagglutination negative. the haemadsorption of the mycoplasma colonies mentioned above was inhibited with specific antisera of either high or low titre. no cross-inhibition ... | 1979 | 22039774 |
| infectious coryza: preventing complicated coryza with haemophilus gallinarum and mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterins. | three types of infectious coryza were produced in unvaccinated chickens by challenge inoculums containing different combinations of haemophilus gallinarum (hg) and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). monovalent and combination bacterins of hg and mg were tested to determine their efficacy against chronic complicated infectious coryza. challenge exposure of vaccinates with mg and hg showed protection against the hg component to be immunotype-specific. some protection against complicated coryza resulte ... | 1978 | 646755 |
| the isolation of lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus in australia. | twelve isolations of newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens from conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. nine of the isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. the viruses were identified as newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to newcastle disease virus. the viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be ... | 1978 | 687276 |
| suppression of immunoresponses to haemophilus gallinarum with nonviable mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the suppressive effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) on haemophilus gallinarum (hg) immune response was shown. antibody response to hg was highly suppressed when chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with hg-mg combined bacterin. findings were similar in chickens injected intramuscularly with hg and mg bacterin separately at adjacent sites. no immunosuppressive effect was recognized when injections with hg and mg bacterins were in the left and right thigh muscles, respectively, or from int ... | 1978 | 749885 |
| effect of tiamulin in chickens and turkeys infected experimentally with avian mycoplasma. | tiamulin was compared, under a variety of experimental conditions, with 4 water-soluble antibiotic preparations available commercially for the control and treatment of mycoplasmal infections in poultry. in chickens, tiamulin was more effective than the reference antibiotics in preventing and eradicating airsacculitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum and preventing airsacculitis and synovitis caused by m. synoviae. in turkeys, tiamulin and tylosin were equally active in preventing airsacculitis ... | 1978 | 749887 |
| culturing anomalies associated with mycoplasma recovered from the tissues of chicks and turkey poults experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum or mycoplasma gallinarum. | tissues of mycoplasma infected chicks and turkey poults were cultured and subcultured on mycoplasma agar. usually, colonies which grew on the agar initially inoculated could be subcultured, but sometimes they could not. at other times, colonies were not seen on the agar initially inoculated but appeared on the subcultured plate. | 1978 | 353927 |
| identification of avian mycoplasma isolates by the agar-gel precipitin test. | recent isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were readily typed by the agar-gel precipitin test with antigens prepared by freezing and thawing, sonic vibration, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. specific antisera prepared in rabbits or in foot-pad-inoculated chickens were adequate for culture typing. relatively few sera from chickens and turkeys in naturally infected flocks reacted positively. the precipitin reaction was highly specific, however. | 1977 | 410403 |
| [studies on the specificity of the hemagglutination inhibition test using mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in experimentally inoculated chickens]. | 1977 | 340190 | |
| [identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum with a hemadsorption inhibition test]. | 1977 | 842193 | |
| attachment of mycoplasma gallisepticum to the tracheal epithelium of fowls. | an electron microscopical study of fowl trachea infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum showed slight to moderate changes at the cellular level. mycoplasmas were demonstrated extra-cellularly and showed triple membranes, intracytoplasmic spaces, fibrillar nuclear areas and blebs. blebs were seen attached to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells. | 1977 | 860098 |
| [respiratory diseases of the fowl:principles of histopathological diagnosis]. | groups of specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five strains of newcastle disease virus, one strain of adenovirus, four strains of infectious bronchitis virus, one strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum and with infectious bronchitis virus together with mycoplasma gallisepticum. lungs and tracheas were taken at regular intervals for histopathological examination. a diagnosis could be based on tracheal lesions at different periods of their development. newcastle disease was distinguish ... | 1977 | 18770313 |
| incidence of pasteurella haemolytica in the respiratory tract of apparently healthy chickens and chickens with infectious bronchitis. characterisation of 213 strains. | the tracheal flora of healthy chickens consisted mainly of gram-positive microorganisms. a shift to a predominantly gram-negative flora, mainly due to escherichia, was observed in chickens with respiratory symptoms caused by infectious bronchitis. most of the chickens in which e. coli formed a predominant part of the tracheal flora also showed a positive serological reaction to mycoplasma gallisepticum. a raised incidence of pasteurella haemolytica with increase in age was noted both with regard ... | 1977 | 18770338 |
| further observations on the use of a bivalent bacterin against haemophilus gallinarum. | chickens vaccinated with two doses of a bivalent haemophilus gallinarum bacterin were protected against seven strains of the organism. vaccinated and unvaccinated birds with antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum had increased hi titers when challenged with h. gallinarum. birds positive for antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum which were not challenged showed no increase in hi titer. | 1976 | 962761 |
| use of the agar-gel precipitin test to evaluate broiler breeder and commercial layer flocks for mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | in the absence of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) isolation, the importance of agar-gel precipitin (agp) tests along with microhemagglutination-inhibition (mhi) and serum plate agglutination (spa) tests for the evaluation of poultry flocks for mg infection was demonstrated. a good correlation between agp, mhi, and spa tests for the early confirmation of mg in a flock was observed, except for the breeder flocks from which wvu 907 was isolated. the serums of such breeder flocks were positive for spa ... | 1976 | 822817 |
| [the "vaccination reaction" syndrome of broilers after vaccination against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (author's transl)]. | in a part of the broiler flocks vaccinated against newcastle disease (n.c.d) and infectious bronchitis (i.b.), disease symptoms of lingering nature have been observed, generally in the second half of the rearing period. in a practical investigation with weekly examinations of chickens, supplemented by a serological examination of twenty-four animals per flock at the age of six weeks, it was hoped to establish the factors responsible for this "vaccination reaction". in the district under notice t ... | 1976 | 179162 |
| clinical, cultural, and serologic observations of avian mycoplasmosis in two chicken breeder flocks. | two chicken breeding flocks from different breeding lines were studied serologically and culturally for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) throughout their growing and laying period. infection was proven by successful isolation of mg from both breeders and progeny originating from these two flocks. observations of these flocks which were serologically and culturally negative for mycoplasma synoviae (ms) further disclosed that: 1) negative plate tests of large numbers of day-old progeny may sometimes ... | 1976 | 1259662 |
| immunization of chickens against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | 1975 | 1092221 | |
| a field trial, using killed-mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine to protect against chicken respiratory mycoplasmosis. | in a field trial with chickens, the efficacy of killed mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was determined. broiler chickens were vaccinated by aerosol administration at 3, 14, and 25 days of age, and observations were made of survival rate, body weight gain ratio, macroscopic lesion grade of airsacculitis, isolation of organisms, serologic test results, histopathologic changes, and clinical signs. inhalation of the vaccinal aerosol did not influence livability and ... | 1975 | 1111388 |
| single and mixed infections of avian infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma gallisepticum. | comparative studies of the clinical signs, pathological changes, multiplication of the pathogens and serological responses were made of groups of chickens infected with either or both avian infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma gallisepticum. electron microscopic examination of thin sections of infected tracheas showed that the multiplication of m. gallisepticum was greatly enhanced in the tracheas of chickens which had been previously or simultaneously infected with avian infectious bronch ... | 1975 | 1126565 |
| in vivo efficacy of 81.723 hfu, a new pleuromutilin derivative against experimentally induced airsacculitis in chicks and turkey poults. | the efficacy of the pleuromutilin derivative 81.723 hfu was tested in chicks and turkey poults by experimentally infecting them with mycoplasma gallisepticum. the data were treated to obtain the mean effective doses, and these were compared to those obtained with tylosin tartrate. the compounds were administered either by ingluvial catheter or via the drinking water. therapy was started on the day of inoculation or 7 days thereafter, respectively. the experiments showed that the compound 81.723 ... | 1975 | 1147586 |
| interference of mycoplasma gallisepticum with multiplication of newcastle disease virus in chickens. | 1975 | 1164323 | |
| dissociation of mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate and isolation of glycoprotein. | m. gallisepticum membranes were treated with 0.3m lithium diiodosalicylate (lis) and, on average, 43% of the original membrane proteins were extracted. the extract contained particles with a sedimentation coefficient of 13s and some aggregated proteins. this lis extract was immunogenic, stimulating the production of haemagglutination-inhibiting, growth-inhibiting and precipitating antibodies in rabbits. it was devoid of haemagglutinating (ha) activity for chicken erythrocytes but did inhibit the ... | 1975 | 1211714 |
| a comparison of commercial mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens in the rapid serum agglutination test. | twenty-three chickens, aged 9 weeks, were housed in contact with a similar group of chickens which were infected with m. gallisepticum. the onset and development of the serum agglutinin responses which were detected by 3 commercial antigens using rapid serum agglutination tests up to 20 weeks of age, differed greatly both between the infected and in-contact groups and, within the latter group, between the antigens. few reactions, which were weak and transient, were detected in 2 similar groups o ... | 1975 | 1222006 |
| [differentiation of haemophilus strains isolated from chickens. iii. pathogenicity tests in chickens]. | pathogenicity tests of 6 isolates of the haemophilus-group i (h. paragallinarum) and 8 isolates of the haemophilus-group ii isolated from chickens in the federal german republic and one strain of h. parainfluenzae isolated from man were carried out in 6-week old spf-chickens. infectious coryza (coryza contagiosa gallinarum) could be produced in chickens with all strains of group i after experimental inoculation and by contact exposure. at necropsy 3 weeks post inoculation (p.i.) organisms of gro ... | 1975 | 18777310 |
| an infection in chickens with a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. | a slow-spreading infection due to a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum was detected serologically in a flock which remained free of clinical symptoms. the strain was shown to be tylosin resistant. serological studies indicated that vertical transmission occurred. | 1974 | 4277360 |
| spiramycin- and tylosin-resistant strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from breeding chickens and pipped eggs. | 1974 | 4444733 | |
| local immunization in chicken respiratory tract with killed mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | 1974 | 4474553 | |
| isolation, ultrastructure and antigenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. | the cell membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated by lysing the cells with digitonin. chemical and density-gradient analyses and electron microscopy showed the isolated membranes to be relatively free of cytoplasmic contaminants. the density of the membranes exceeded that of other mycoplasma membranes, indicating a higher protein content. small vesicular extensions seen in the sectioned membranes were interpreted as empty blebs.the isolated membranes, but not the cytoplasmic fraction, e ... | 1973 | 4520511 |
| metabolic and growth inhibition of mycoplasma gallisepticum by antiserum. | 1973 | 4578973 | |
| effect of ammonia on mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | 1973 | 4792401 | |
| interference of mycoplasma gallisepticum with multiplication of newcastle disease virus in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | 1973 | 4799666 | |
| [experimental mycoplasmosis in chickens. ii. pathological findings of chickens inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (strain s6) by the air-sac and intravenous routes]. | 1973 | 4799960 | |
| immunity and mortality in chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of the bursa of fabricius. | 1973 | 4120327 | |
| non-specific agglutination of mycoplasma gallisepticum by rheumatoid factor-like antiglobulin in chickens infected with streptococcus faecalis or staphylococcus aureus. | 1973 | 4199909 | |
| escherichia coli serotypes isolated from chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 4559444 | |
| experimental respiratory disease and airsacculitis in fowls caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5024311 | |
| an outbreak of synovitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | 1972 | 5051901 | |
| cold hemagglutinin in serum of chicken infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5051902 | |
| removal of non-specific agglutination reactions by avian sera to the serum plate agglutination test for mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5062152 | |
| the rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. glass fibre isolators. | a method of 'rearing and maintaining chickens from day old to 80 weeks of age free from infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious avian encephalomyelitis, celo and gal viruses, lymphoid leukosis, marek's disease, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum and other salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, eimeria spp. and helminths is described. the advantages of glass fibre isolators each with its own ventilation system are outlined. | 1972 | 18777370 |
| effect of the newcastle disease virus tcnd strain on mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | 1971 | 5142164 | |
| growth and pathogenicity studies of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | 1971 | 5167481 |