Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1. | homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaherpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. this process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1). in vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the ... | 2004 | 15047803 |
| bovine herpesvirus tegument protein vp22 enhances thymidine kinase/ganciclovir suicide gene therapy for neuroblastomas compared to herpes simplex virus vp22. | herpesvirus tegument protein vp22 can enhance the effect of therapeutic proteins in gene therapy, such as thymidine kinase (tk) and p53; however, the mechanism is unclear or controversial. in this study, mammalian expression vectors carrying bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vp22 (bvp22) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vp22 (hvp22) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) tk (etk) were constructed in order to evaluate and compare the therapeutic potentials of bvp22 and hvp22 to enhance etk/gancic ... | 2004 | 15047837 |
| isolation of caprine herpesvirus type 1 in spain. | two strains of caprine herpesvirus type 1 (cphv-1) were isolated after the experimental reactivation of two seropositive goats in spain. viral dna from these isolates was compared with dna from bovine herpesvirus type 1 and cphv-1 reference strains by restriction endonuclease analysis. the two spanish isolates were closely related but could easily be distinguished from each other and from the reference strains. | 2004 | 15083973 |
| increased gene expression and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by electroporation are both important for improving the efficacy of dna vaccines. | one potential reason for the enhancement of immune responses to dna vaccines following electroporation is increased gene expression. however, the inflammatory response and accompanying cellular infiltration stimulated by electroporation may also be essential for enhancing immune responses to dna vaccines. these parameters were investigated in pigs, using different electroporation conditions to induce different levels of gene expression and inflammation. results indicated that the least effective ... | 2004 | 15099900 |
| identification of a novel bovine herpesvirus 1 transcript containing a small open reading frame that is expressed in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected cattle. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), like other alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, establishes latency in sensory neurons. the latency-related (lr) rna is abundantly expressed during latency, and expression of an lr protein is required for the latency reactivation cycle in cattle. within lr promoter sequences, a 135-amino-acid open reading frame (orf) was identified, orf-e, that is antisense to the lr rna. orf-e is also downstream of the gene encoding the major viral transcriptional activator, bicp0 ... | 2004 | 15113922 |
| glycol chitosan improves the efficacy of intranasally administrated replication defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein d of bovine herpesvirus 1. | the ability of two soluble formulations, namely chitosan and glycol chitosan, when used as an intranasal adjuvant, to improve the immunogenicity of an intranasal human adenovirus type 5 replication defective expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) glycoprotein d based vaccine, was investigated in cattle. their adjuvant effects on immune response by increasing clinical and especially virological protection against an intranasal bohv-1 challenge were then evaluated. the best virological protectio ... | 2004 | 15121307 |
| restriction of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) growth in non-permissive cells beyond the expression of immediate early genes. | mouse balb/3t3-a31-1-1 (a31) cells are non-permissive to bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) but permissive to pseudorabies virus (prv). the promoter activity of the immediate early gene of bhv-1 (bicp4) was very weak when compared with that of prv in a31 cells. infectious bhv-1 genomic dna co-transfected into a31 cells with plasmids expressing bicp4 and bicp0 by a strong promoter failed to yield any progeny virus. growth of bhv-1 in non-permissible a31 cells is restricted in many phases of the growth ... | 2004 | 15133279 |
| bhv-1 infection and inflammatory cytokines amplify the interaction of mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin with bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) has been reported to increase the susceptibility of cattle to respiratory disease caused by mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica a1. the principal virulence factor of m. haemolytica is a leukotoxin (lkt) that can specifically kill ruminant leukocytes following its binding to the beta2-integrin cd11a/cd18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (lfa-1)). in this study, we investigated the effects of experimental infection of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... | 2004 | 15135985 |
| disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ... | 2004 | 15137493 |
| modulation of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle by immunization with a dna vaccine encoding glycoprotein d as a fusion protein with bovine cd154. | the objective of this study was to determine whether a dna vaccine encoding bovine cd154 linked to a truncated version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (tgd-cd154) induces enhanced tgd-specific immune responses in cattle. in vitro characterization demonstrated that tgd and tgd-cd154 both bind to cultured bovine b cells, whereas only tgd-cd154 induces interleukin-4-dependent proliferation, suggesting that tgd-cd154 specifically binds the cd40 receptor and induces receptor signalling ... | 2004 | 15147576 |
| rapid onset of protection against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis with a modified-live virus multivalent vaccine. | this study provides evidence that subcutaneous vaccination of cattle with a commercially available modified-live virus combination vaccine can help reduce clinical signs associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infections in feedlot animals vaccinated at the time of arrival. calves vaccinated 72 or 96 hours before challenge had reduced clinical signs, lower body temperatures, lower virus titers, and 39% to 76% greater weight gains compared with nonvaccinated controls. | 2004 | 15150726 |
| simulated hazards of loosing infection-free status in a dutch bhv1 model. | a compulsory eradication programme for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) was implemented in the netherlands in 1998. at the start of the programme, about 25% of the dairy herds were certified bhv1-free. simulation models have played an important role in the decision-making process associated with bhv1 eradication. our objective in this study was to improve understanding of model behaviour (as part of internal validation) regarding loss by herds of the bhv1-free certificate. using a cox proportional ha ... | 2004 | 15154684 |
| experimental infectious respiratory disease in groups of calves: lobar distribution, variance, and sample-size requirements for vaccine evaluation. | the distribution and variance of respiratory disease produced with aerosols of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and mannheimia haemolytica in control (183 calves in 44 experiments) and vaccinated calves were studied in experiments conducted at the animal diseases research institute, lethbridge, alberta, from 1975 to 1989. all calves had been born and raised at this institute and exposed similarly for 5 min by means of a face mask to viral and bacterial aerosols produced by a collison atomizer (parti ... | 2004 | 15188956 |
| evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-b/d hybrid against bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro. | to evaluate cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-b/d hybrid against cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in vitro. | 2004 | 15198231 |
| characterization of nuclear localization and export signals of the major tegument protein vp8 of bovine herpesvirus-1. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vp8 is found in the nucleus immediately after infection. transient expression of vp8 fused to yellow fluorescent protein (yfp) in cos-7 cells confirmed the nuclear localization of vp8 in the absence of other viral proteins. vp8 has four putative nuclear localization signals (nls). deletion of pat4 ((51)rrpr(54)) or pat7 ((48)prvrrpr(54)) nls2 abrogated nuclear accumulation, whereas deletion of (48)prv(50) did not, so pat4 nls2 is critical for nuclear localization of ... | 2004 | 15207619 |
| a synthetic peptide from a heptad repeat region of herpesvirus glycoprotein b inhibits virus replication. | glycoprotein b (gb) is the most conserved glycoprotein of herpesviruses and plays important roles in virus infectivity. two intervening heptad repeat (hr) sequences were found in the c-terminal half of all herpesvirus gbs analysed. a synthetic peptide derived from the hr region (aa 477-510) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) gb was studied for its ability to inhibit virus replication. the peptide interfered with cell-to-cell spread and consistently inhibited replication of bohv-1, with a 50 % ... | 2004 | 15269351 |
| [inactivation of viruses of different taxonomic groups by cuprous sulphate]. | study results of inactivated effects exerted by cuprous sulphate on viruses of different taxonomy groups are summarized in the paper. cuprous sulphate is a simple and reliable agent in inactivation of viruses of classical porcine fever, aujeszky's disease and bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. its inactivation action is based on the ability to reduce the viral genome to low-molecular fragment. apart from inactivation of the virus material, a decreased level of protective antibody determinants is ... | 2004 | 15293511 |
| comparison of the sensitivity of in vitro and in vivo tests for detection of the presence of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 strain. | veterinary vaccines are usually tested for the absence of contaminants. however, the quality control does not always imply that vaccines are not contaminated as, for example, illustrated by the bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1) vaccine used in the netherlands in 1999 that contained a small amount of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv1). thousands of cows were vaccinated with bhv1 vaccine batches, and the question arose as to whether these small amounts of bvdv1, most likely not detected with in vitro ... | 2004 | 15327789 |
| evaluation of tests for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 performed in national reference laboratories in europe. | sets of serum and milk samples were collected from various countries and prepared, lyophilised and distributed by 1 laboratory to 12 reference laboratories in europe. the serum sets contained the three european bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) reference serum samples (eu1, eu2 and eu3), serum samples from naturally and experimentally bhv1-infected cattle, from vaccinated, and vaccinated-challenged cattle, from uninfected cattle, and a series of serum dilutions. in addition, sets of milk samples were ... | 2004 | 15327792 |
| interspecific recombination between two ruminant alphaherpesviruses, bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. | homologous recombination between different species of alphaherpesviruses has been described between herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 but has not yet been observed between other alphaherpesviruses. in the present study we chose to assess to what extent in vitro recombination can occur between members of a well-defined group of closely related viruses such as ruminant alphaherpesviruses. at 24 h after infection of epithelial bovine kidney cells with a double-deleted mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 (b ... | 2004 | 15331717 |
| a derivative of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) ul3.5 lacking the last forty amino acids inhibits replication of bohv-1. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) ul3.5 is a tegument protein that interacts with bohv-1 alpha-transinducing factor alphabtif). in this report, we show that a truncated ul3.5 lacking the last 40 amino acids (c40ul3.5) inhibited replication of bohv-1. stable expression of c40ul3.5 in mdbk cells inhibited replication of bohv-1 300- to 500-fold in plaque assays. this inhibitory effect was specific for bohv-1 as cells expressing c40ul3.5 supported replication of pseudorabies virus (species suid herpesvi ... | 2004 | 15338323 |
| severity of viral infection is promoted by hyperthermic pretreatment. | the aim of this study was to determine if prior heat shock and consequential heat shock protein (hsp) accumulation would inhibit viral infection. confluent cultures of madin-darby bovine kidney cells were subjected to 30 mins of hyperthermia at 42 degrees c then allowed to recover at 37 micro c for six hrs. during the six hrs, hsp concentrations increased by 232% in heat-shocked cultures. following the recovery period, six replicates of heat-shocked (hs) and six replicates of non-heat-shocked (c ... | 2004 | 15362323 |
| study of programmed cell death in bovine herpesvirus 1 infected mdbk cells and the possible role of nitric oxide in this process. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is the aetiological agent of many disease types and may predispose infected animals, possibly through immunosuppression, to secondary bacterial infections. immunosuppression may directly be associated with the induction of programmed cell death (pcd) in some virus-infected cells. nitric oxide (no) has an important mediating role against fungal, bacterial, protozoal, viral pathogens and tumours. bhv-1 induced apoptosis between 0.5-3 h postinfection (pi) in mdbk cells; ... | 2004 | 15379444 |
| no effect of bovine interferon-tau for control of calf diarrhea and immunomodulation in calves. | newborn calves received a low dose of bovine interferon-tau (boifn-tau) orally for 4 weeks and calves that had developed diarrhea received a low dose of boifn-tau orally for 5 days. no effects of boifn-tau were seen in the duration of the diarrhea, or in daily weight gain. calves received a high dose of boifn-tau subcutaneously 3 times and they were then stimulated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine. no adverse effects were observed after the administration of boifn-tau and lymphocyte subset ... | 2004 | 15472487 |
| complexities of the pathogenesis of mannheimia haemolytica and haemophilus somnus infections: challenges and potential opportunities for prevention? | progress in producing improved vaccines against bacterial diseases of cattle is limited by an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of these agents. our group has been involved in investigations of two members of the family pasteurellaceae, mannheimia haemolytica and haemophilus somnus, which illustrate some of the complexities that must be confronted. susceptibility to m. haemolytica is greatly increased during active viral respiratory infection, resulting in rapid onset of a severe and ... | 2004 | 15984339 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 abortions detected by a semi-nested pcr in brazilian cattle herds. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was investigated by a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (sn-pcr) and by mdbk cell culture virus isolation in organ fragments from 55 aborted fetuses collected from beef and dairy cattle herds with history of reproductive problems in the north of paraná state, brazil. a 425 bp amplicon of the bhv-1 glycoprotein d gene was detected in 14 (25.4%) aborted fetuses. bhv-1 was isolated in mdbk cells from the tissue of 5 (9.1%) fetuses. the specificity of positive r ... | 2004 | 15894030 |
| seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in mithun (bos frontalis) in india. | a preliminary study on the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in different strains of mithun maintained atthe national research centre on mithun, nagaland, india, revealed that the overall prevalence of ibr in these mithun was 19%. this paper examines the results of that preliminary study. to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report on the seroprevalence of ibr in mithun in india. the highest prevalence of ibr was observed in mithun found in arunachal pradesh ... | 2004 | 15861877 |
| evaluation of a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, para-influenza type-3 virus and pasteurella multocida in calves. | a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and pasteurella multocida type b vaccine was prepared. the preparation contained 10(7) tcid50 of ibr, 10(7) tcid50 of pi3 & 10(9) cfu of p. multocida type b per 3 ml. ten calves (5-7 days old) were vaccinated intranasally while five unvaccinated calves of the same age were used as control. vaccinated calves were examined daily for disease manifestation. serum and nasal secretion specimen ... | 2004 | 16734122 |
| bovine herpes virus gd protein produced in plants using a recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) vector possesses authentic antigenicity. | a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-based vector was utilized for expression of a cytosolic form of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) protein glycoprotein d (gdc). nicotiana benthamiana plants were harvested 7 days after inoculation with rna transcripts derived from the tmv-gdc recombinant virus. recombinant gdc protein of expected electrophoretic mobility accumulated in inoculated leaves to a concentration of about 20 micrograms/g of fresh leaf tissue. oil-based vaccines were formulated with crude ... | 2003 | 14505899 |
| safety and efficacy of cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides as immunological adjuvants in rabbits. | the efficacy of oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides (cpg odn) as an adjuvant for rabbits was assessed alone and in combination with aluminum hydroxide (cpg/alum). the cpg/alum combination elicited a greater immune response to several antigens compared to freund's adjuvant. a non-cpg/alum combination did not have the same effects as cpg/alum suggesting that the adjuvanticity was related to the cpg motifs. in addition, we formulated one of the antigens with combinations ... | 2003 | 14505919 |
| safety of a modified-live combination vaccine against respiratory and reproductive diseases in pregnant cows. | a combination vaccine (bovi-shield fp4 + l5, pfizer animal health) containing modified-live virus (mlv) components against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv), parainfluenza virus-3 (pi3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and inactivated cultures of leptospira canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona was evaluated for safety in pregnant beef and dairy animals. heifers vaccinated prebreeding with the minimum immunizing dose (lowest ant ... | 2003 | 14506587 |
| aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina. | necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ... | 2003 | 14509450 |
| the structures of bovine herpesvirus 1 virion and concatemeric dna: implications for cleavage and packaging of herpesvirus genomes. | herpesvirus genomes are often characterized by the presence of direct and inverted repeats that delineate their grouping into six structural classes. class d genomes consist of a long (l) segment and a short (s) segment. the latter is flanked by large inverted repeats. dna replication produces concatemers of head-to-tail linked genomes that are cleaved into unit genomes during the process of packaging dna into capsids. packaged class d genomes are an equimolar mixture of two isomers in which s i ... | 2003 | 14517085 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 associated with single, trypsin-treated embryos was not infective for uterine tubal cells. | it has been reported that bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) remains associated with in vitro-produced (ivp) bovine embryos after exposure to the virus and either washing or trypsin treatment. however, it is not known if the quantity of virus associated with an exposed ivp embryo is likely to infect a recipient cow after transfer. the specific objective of this study was to determine if ivp embryos that were exposed to bhv-1 would infect uterine tubal cells (utc) in a co-culture system. in vitro-produ ... | 2003 | 14519470 |
| [establishment and use of infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) dna clones of animal herpesviruses]. | since the first description of the cloning und mutagenesis of a herpesviral genome in 1997, a number of herpesviral dna's have been cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs). herpesvirus bac's are established by introduction of a mini f origin of replication into the viral genome, which can as such be maintained und manipulated in escherichia coli as a single copy extrachromosomal dna. herpesvirus dna's cloned as bac's are accessible to the dna repair und mutagenesis apparatus encoded by ... | 2003 | 14526467 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 interferes with tap-dependent peptide transport and intracellular trafficking of mhc class i molecules in human cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), the cause of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle, establishes a lifelong infection, despite the presence of antiviral immunity in the host. bohv-1 has been shown to elude the host immune system, but the viral gene products responsible for this interference have not yet been identified. studies aiming at the identification of bohv-1-encoded immune evasion genes have been hampered by the lack of bovine-specific immunolog ... | 2003 | 14551822 |
| deaza- and deoxyadenosine derivatives: synthesis and inhibition of animal viruses as human infection models. | n6-cycloalkyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives and (2-chloro)-n6-cycloheptyl-3-deazaadenosine have been synthesized and tested, along with other (deaza)purine (deoxy)nucleosides from our chemical library, as inhibitors of virus replication against bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) and sheep maedi/visna virus (mvv). most compounds demonstrated good antireplicative activity against mvv, showing also low cell toxicity. | 2003 | 14565301 |
| the bovine herpesvirus-1 lr orf2 is critical for this gene's ability to restore the high wild-type reactivation phenotype to a herpes simplex virus-1 lat null mutant. | during neuronal latency of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, the latency-associated transcript (lat) is the only viral gene readily detectable. lat is required for the high-level reactivation phenotype in animal models. lat's anti-apoptotic activity was recently demonstrated by our group and it was proposed that lat's anti-apoptotic function is involved in enhancing the reactivation phenotype. recently, using chimeric virus cjlat, it was shown that the reactivation phenotype of lat(-) mutant dlat290 ... | 2003 | 14573802 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis outbreak on a mostly bhv-1 free farm can result in great damage]. | in a suckler herd with 110 cows (without young stock born in 2003) 5 cows died within 10 days, 6 calves were born dead prematurely and 5 calves were born alive but prematurely. the diagnosis bhv1-infection was based on clinical symptoms and confirmed with pcr. the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, therapy, risk-analysis and prevention are discussed. | 2003 | 14582321 |
| humoral immune response to infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses in argentina. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the exposure of bovine aborted fetuses from beef and dairy herds of the humid pampas of argentina to different infectious agents by the evaluation of fetal fluid antibodies. presence of fetal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (bvdv-1), bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), leptospira interrogans, brucella abortus, and neospora caninum was determined. of the 95 fetuses processed, 66 came from 49 beef herds and 29 from 12 dairy herds. ... | 2003 | 14587376 |
| design-based analysis of surveys: a bovine herpesvirus 1 case study. | this paper critically assesses the design implications for the analysis of surveys of infections. it indicates the danger of not accounting for the study design in the statistical investigation of risk factors. a stratified design often implies an increased precision while clustering of infection results in a decreased precision. through pseudo-likelihood estimation and linearisation of the variance estimator, the design effects can be taken into account in the analysis. the intra-cluster-correl ... | 2003 | 14596542 |
| comparison of humoral immune responses in dairy heifers vaccinated with 3 different commercial vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1. | a randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the humoral immune response to 3 different commercial vaccines in dairy heifers housed in 3 different dairy farms in quebec. all heifers were seronegative to type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) (singer strain), type 2 bvdv (nvsl 125c strain), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) at the beginning of the trial. in addition, control heifers in group 1 remained seronegative to the 2 viruses till the end of the trial. significant differences in h ... | 2003 | 14601677 |
| cloning and initial characterization of an alternatively spliced transcript encoded by the bovine herpes virus 1 latency-related gene. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic sensory neurons of infected cattle. the latency-related (lr) rna is the only abundantly expressed viral transcript in sensory neurons of latently infected calves. wild-type expression of lr gene products is required for the latency-reactivation cycle in calves. lr rna is alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia (tg) after infection of calves, suggesting that these alternatively spliced transcripts encode novel factors t ... | 2003 | 14602574 |
| rise and survival of bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants after primary infection and reactivation from latency. | recombination is thought to be an important source of genetic variation in herpesviruses. several studies, performed in vitro or in vivo, detected recombinant viruses after the coinoculation of two distinguishable strains of the same herpesvirus species. however, none of these studies investigated the evolution of the relative proportions of parental versus recombinant progeny populations after coinoculation of the natural host, both during the excretion and the reexcretion period. in the presen ... | 2003 | 14610176 |
| recombinant virus-expressed bovine cytokines do not improve efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine strain. | cytokines play a key role as regulators of the immune response. to elucidate whether the efficacy of a live virus vaccine can be improved by co-expression of cytokines, expression cassettes for bovine interleukins (boil)-2, -4, -6, and -12 and bovine interferon-gamma (boifn-gamma) were integrated into the glycoprotein e (ge)-locus of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vaccine virus strain gk/d. cell culture analyses demonstrated that expression of the cytokines did not impair the replication of th ... | 2003 | 14615147 |
| serological study of a population of alpine chamois (rupicapra r rupicapra) affected by an outbreak of respiratory disease. | a serological survey of respiratory virus infections was carried out from 1998 to 2001 in lecco province, italy, as part of a health monitoring programme in a population of alpine chamois, many of which died of pneumonia in autumn and winter 2000 to 2001; 194 carcases of all age classes were found over a short period and in a small area. eighteen of them, which were examined postmortem, consistently showed signs of severe fibrinous lobar pneumonia or catarrhal bronchopneumonia. samples of serum ... | 2003 | 14640327 |
| gaucher and fabry diseases: from understanding pathophysiology to rational therapies. | over the past 40 years there has been remarkable development in our understanding of the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders. this review describes the research carried out on the sphingolipid storage disorders from the first demonstration of the underlying metabolic abnormality in gaucher disease to the development of enzyme replacement therapy for gaucher and fabry diseases. initial developments in gene therapy are also described. conclusion: the introduction of enzyme replacement t ... | 2003 | 14989461 |
| antibodies to ruminant alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses in norwegian cervids. | a serologic survey revealed that norwegian populations of free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), and moose (alces alces) have been exposed to alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses. a total of 3,796 serum samples collected during the period 1993-2000 were tested in a neutralization test for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or cervid herpesvirus 2 (cerhv-2), and 3,897 samples were tested by a neutralization test ... | 2003 | 14733272 |
| health evaluation of pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, argentina. | samples from 14 free-ranging pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) were collected in 1995 and 1998, at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, buenos aires, argentina. hematology, serum chemistries, minerals and metals, and fecal parasites were analyzed. in addition, fecal ova and parasites were evaluated seasonally during 1998-2000. serology for infectious diseases included blue-tongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, infectious b ... | 2003 | 14733285 |
| the prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 in traditional cattle in southern province, zambia. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, in cattle destined for market in southern province, zambia. a total of 116 nasal secretion samples were tested using the direct fluorescent antibody test, while blood samples from the same cattle were examined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. the prevalence of the bhv-1 antigens in cattle was 23.28% (27/116), while the mean prevalence of the bhv ... | 2003 | 15005545 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine herpesvirus and parainfluenza-3 virus infection in three cattle herds in egypt in 2000. | this study reported field outbreaks of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection, either alone or mixed with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and/or parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) in egypt during 2000. in lower egypt, young calves in three cattle herds in el-minufiya province, el-fayoum province and in governmental quarantine in el-behira province, showed symptoms of enteritis, either alone or accompanied by respiratory manifestations. the affected herds were visited and the diseased animals were ... | 2003 | 15005546 |
| the role of acidogenic diets and beta-hydroxybutyate on lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody response against bovine respiratory viruses in holstein steers. | acidogenic diets were evaluated for their effects on lymphocyte proliferation in response to staphylococcus aureus exotoxin b (seb), and specific lymphocyte proliferation and serum-neutralizing antibody titers to four bovine respiratory viruses in vitro. four holstein steer calves, with an average weight of 213 +/- 42 kg, were fed a basal (control) diet consisting of 49% forage and 51% concentrate (dm basis), with 15% cp (on a dm basis). three additional treatment diets were used: 1) the basal d ... | 2003 | 14677865 |
| evidence of herpesvirus infection in woodland caribou in saskatchewan. | sera were collected from 40 female and two male woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in saskatchewan (canada) from march 1992 to january 1995, inclusive. the samples were examined for antibodies against smooth brucella spp., five serovars of leptospira interrogans, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). twenty-two (52%) of 42 sera exhibited positive reactions to bhv-1 by a modified serum neutralization test, and the prevalence correlated positively with the age of ... | 2003 | 12685086 |
| microbial contamination of embryos and semen during long term banking in liquid nitrogen. | we report on microbial contamination of embryos and semen cryopreserved in sealed plastic straws and stored for 6-35 years in liquid nitrogen. there were 32 bacterial and 1 fungal species identified from randomly drawn liquid nitrogen, frozen semen, and embryos samples stored in 8 commercial and 8 research facility liquid nitrogen (ln) tanks. the identified bacteria represented commensal or environmental microorganisms and some, such as escherichia coli, were potential or opportunistic pathogens ... | 2003 | 12686204 |
| effect of membranotropic and mucoadhesive formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors on bovine herpes virus-1 reproduction. | the lipidized derivatives of bowman-birk soybean protease inhibitor (bbi) containing one to three oleoyl groups were synthesized and characterized. the (ole)(1)- and (ole)(2)bbi were demonstrated to have 200- and 100-fold higher uptake into caco-2 cell monolayers compared to native bbi. the acylated bbi had increased affinity to elastase-like proteases. aprotinin-loaded starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and charact ... | 2003 | 12695026 |
| interference of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in sorbitol-induced apoptosis. | in order to determine the ability of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) to suppress apoptosis, we examined the effects of bhv-1 infection on sorbitol-induced apoptosis on madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells. bhv-1 suppresses sorbitol-induced apoptosis in a manner similar to that of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), indicating that bhv-1 has one or more anti-apoptotic genes. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, expression of some genes encoding apoptosis-inhibiting and -promot ... | 2003 | 12704800 |
| humoral immune response and assessment of vaccine virus shedding in calves receiving modified live virus vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1a. | susceptible calves were administered modified live virus (mlv) vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) and bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 (bvdv1a) strains intramuscularly, with one vaccine containing both mlv and inactivated bhv-1 and inactivated bvdv1a. there was no evidence of transmission of vaccine (bhv-1 and bvdv1a) strains to susceptible non-vaccinated controls commingled with vaccinates. no vaccinates had detectable bhv-1 in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) after vaccination. each ... | 2003 | 12710498 |
| recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 expressing p23 protein of cryptosporidium parvum induces neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. | in order to develop a vaccine against cryptosporidiosis in cattle, we constructed a recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) expressing an immunodominant surface protein, p23, of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. in the recombinant virus, the p23 gene under the control of a cag promoter and a gene coding for an enhanced green fluorescent protein were integrated into the gg gene of bhv-1. despite a low frequency of homologous recombination, cloning of the recombinants was easy because of the sp ... | 2003 | 12760641 |
| evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) virus 1 (bvdv1), or bvdv 2 (bvdv2) were shed after parenteral administration of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | 2003 | 12762386 |
| the effectiveness and limitations of immune memory: understanding protective immune responses. | immune memory is the foundation of the practise of vaccination. research on the molecular and cellular events leading to generation and development of memory t and b lymphocytes explain why there are heightened secondary immune responses after an initial encounter with antigen. in this review, we discuss how clonal expansion, targeted tissue localisation, more efficient antigen recognition and more proficient effector functions contribute to the improved effectiveness of memory cells. despite th ... | 2003 | 12782062 |
| [biology of bovine herpesviruses]. | cattle are the natural host of herpesviruses. since now four different bovine viruses have been described as members of the family herpesviridae. the prototype of the bovine herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), is the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ipv) and infectious balanoposthitis (ibp). the related bhv-5 is an exotic neurovirulent agent and like bhv-1 a member of the genus varicellovirus, within the subfamily alpha ... | 2003 | 12784548 |
| [the new bhv-1 regulation]. | the first amendment to the bhv-1 regulation in late 2001 marked the first step towards sanitation. this also proved necessary in view of the environment in the european community because the amending regulation will, in conjunction with the compulsory notification of bhv-1, allow operators to achieve medium-term trade advantages via the so-called article 9 status laid down in directive 64/432/eec. yet, some of the provisions of the bhv-1 regulation are still questionable under animal disease leg ... | 2003 | 12784549 |
| [diagnostic markers in the prevention of bovine herpesvirus type 1: possibilities and limitations]. | the usage of glycoprotein e (ge)-deleted bhv-1 marker or diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines in combination with the accompanying determination of ge-specific antibodies is one of the basic parts of bhv-1 eradication programs in germany. following the adoption of the "legislation for the protection of cattle holdings from an infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1" in 1997, several million ge-antibody assays were conducted. up to now, commercially available ge-block ... | 2003 | 12784550 |
| [comparative studies with three different bovine blood sample bhv-1 elisa tests: indirect elisa and bg-blocking-elisa]. | a total of 2754 bovine blood samples were examined for bhv1 antibodies in three different bhv-1 elisa tests. the tests used were the chekit trachitest 2nd. gen. "bestätigungstest" serum, the chekit-bhv-1-gb-elisa (bommeli-diagnostics/intervet), and the bhv-1-gb antibody test kit (idexx). a first testing identified 111 (4.0%) of the samples as positive and 2501 (90.8%) samples negative in all three tests. onehundredand-fortytwo (5.2%) of the samples showed a not negative result in at least one of ... | 2003 | 12784551 |
| [bhv-1 eradication program in bavaria: a marker-independent strategy]. | in bavaria a bhv-1 eradication program was initiated in 1986 and was changed to a compulsory program in 1998. the eradication success increased progressively from < 50% in 1986 to 87% of the farms in 2002. bhv 1-free farms are controlled by bulk milk serology twice a year along with blood serology in animals that are negative but from herds where positive field virus infected animals are present. all serological tests are performed with an indirect elisa test, all positive results are confirmed ... | 2003 | 12784552 |
| [eradication of bhv-1 in cattle herds in saxony-anhalts using a vaccine lacking a marker--report of an experience]. | the present article reports about the experiences during the current bhv-1-eradication programme in saxony-anhalt started in 1996. an overview about the reasons, the basic situation, the issue and the present state of the eradication is given. furthermore were shown, that an eradication of bovine herpes virus type 1 by using ge-deleted vaccines is possible. | 2003 | 12784553 |
| [conventional and marked bhv-1 vaccines in germany: a brief review]. | since 1997 infections of cattle with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) are regulated by the german government with obligatory measures. eradication of the virus is based on two different concepts: german federal states with a low bhv-1-seroprevalence comply with a selection concept, that provides deletion of bhv-1-positive cattle and only exceptional vaccination. states with a high bhv-1-prevalence attempt to eradicate the virus using the marker concept. the marker concept is based on the vaccin ... | 2003 | 12784554 |
| [requirements for the use of elisa systems in eradication programs]. | users of elisa test systems applied in eradication schemes must be aware of their potential and their limitations. means to improve laboratory quality as well as strict performance of the test procedure are essential. sensitivity and specificity of test systems are limited. therefore the establishment of a cascade of methods to verify questionable and positive results is important. thus false positive results, which may threat the general acceptance of an eradication scheme, can be avoided. | 2003 | 12784562 |
| response of calves persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) subtype 1b after vaccination with heterologous bvdv strains in modified live virus vaccines and mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid. | seronegative persistently infected (pi) calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) subtype 1b were vaccinated with each of four modified live virus (mlv) bvdv vaccines and a mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid. nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) were collected for virus isolation and serums were collected after vaccination and tested for bvdv1a, bvdv1b, bvdv2, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) a ... | 2003 | 12798641 |
| enhancement of the immune response and virological protection of calves against bovine herpesvirus type 1 with an inactivated ge-deleted vaccine. | four immunisation protocols based on inactivated and attenuated commercially available marker vaccines for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) were compared. the first group of calves were vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine administered intranasally and an inactivated vaccine injected subcutaneously, four weeks apart; the second group were vaccinated twice with the attenuated vaccine, first intranasally and then intramuscularly; the third group were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with the inac ... | 2003 | 12803395 |
| transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 within and between herds on an island with a bhv1 control programme. | transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) within and between herds was studied on the island of ameland, the netherlands. there were 50 herds with 3300 head of cattle on the island. herds were divided into three groups: (1) only containing seronegative cattle, (2) containing seronegative cattle and vaccinated seropositive cattle, and (3) containing only vaccinated cattle. all 23 herds in groups 1 and 2 were monitored. three major outbreaks of bhv1 infections were observed due to the introducti ... | 2003 | 12825740 |
| a hepadnavirus regulatory element enhances expression of a type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 protein from a bovine herpesvirus 1 vector. | recently, the possibility of using virus vectors to immunize cattle against selected bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genes has gained widespread interest. however, when we attempted to express the e2 protein from type 2 (890 strain) bvdv in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vector, we observed that expression was poor. this often happens when genes from a cytoplasmic virus are expressed in the cell nucleus. to counter this effect, we attempted to enhance expression by a strategy employed by virus ... | 2003 | 12885896 |
| expression of the genomic form of the bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 orf in a bovine herpesvirus-1 vector. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a ubiquitous pathogen of cattle with a world-wide distribution. recently, the possibility of using recombinant virus vectors to immunize cattle against selected bvdv genes has gained widespread interest. among the virus vectors tested, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) provides many unique advantages. however, results of recent studies have raised the possibility that the codon usage pattern required for optimal expression in a bhv1-infected cell may be incompatib ... | 2003 | 12913361 |
| implication of the product of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 ul25 gene in capsid assembly. | the ul25 orf of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was demonstrated recently to represent a gene encoding a 63 kda viral protein. to investigate the role of this gene in virus replication, a bhv-1 ul25 deletion mutant was constructed. although the ul25 mutant synthesizes late viral proteins and viral dna, it fails to produce virus progeny in cells that do not express the ul25 gene, demonstrating that the ul25 protein is essential for the replicative cycle of bhv-1. moreover, southern blotting ana ... | 2003 | 12917469 |
| subclinical breakdown with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection in dairy herd of high health status. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus infection was detected by an antibody elisa in the bulk milk of a large closed dairy herd of high health status in an area of low cattle density in east anglia. the herd was managed under high standards of biosecurity and was known to have been serologically free of ibr virus for the previous 13 years. although over 70 per cent of the cows had seroconverted to ibr virus no clinical signs were observed apart from a slight bilateral watery ocular disch ... | 2003 | 12918828 |
| the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vpnc) concurrently administered with a combination dtap-ipv-hib vaccine. | to evaluate immune responses, safety and reactogenicity of the concomitant use of dtap-ipv-hib and the newly available 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (7vpnc) vaccines when given as the primary immunization series in early infancy. a total of 231 healthy infants were enrolled at 11 german study centers and randomized to receive either 7vpnc plus dtap-ipv-hib vaccines concomitantly into opposite limbs at age 2, 3, 4 and 11-15 months (7vpnc group) or dtap-ipv-hib vaccine at the same ages plus a 7v ... | 2003 | 12922095 |
| immunization with a dicistronic plasmid expressing a truncated form of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d and the amino-terminal subunit of glycoprotein b results in reduced gb-specific immune responses. | as an approach to create a divalent dna vaccine, a truncated secreted version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (tgd) and the amino-terminal subunit of glycoprotein b (gbb) were expressed from a dicistronic plasmid, designated psliatgd-ires-gbb. intradermal immunization of mice with psliatgd-ires-gbb or a mixture of plasmids encoding tgd (psliatgd) and gbb (psliagbb) by needle injection or gene gun elicited strong tgd-specific immune responses. however, a significant reduction in gb ... | 2003 | 12951041 |
| isolation of a glycoprotein e-deleted bovine herpesvirus type 1 strain in the field. | during a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of repeated vaccinations with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) marker vaccines, a glycoprotein e (ge)-negative bhv-1 strain was isolated from the nasal secretions of two cows, eight months after vaccination with a ge-negative live-attenuated vaccine, initially given intranasally, then intramuscularly. the strain isolated was characterised using immunofluorescence, restriction analysis and pcr. all the techniques used identified the isolated virus as ... | 2003 | 12956298 |
| rapid onset of protection following vaccination of calves with multivalent vaccines containing modified-live or modified-live and killed bhv-1 is associated with virus-specific interferon gamma production. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with commercially-available multivalent vaccines containing either modified-live (mlv) bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (bovishield) or mlv plus killed (mlv + k) bhv-1 (reliant plus) on protection against challenge at 5 days after a single vaccination. an additional objective was to determine whether cell-mediated immunity as measured by virus-specific interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... | 2003 | 12559793 |
| mutagenesis of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 genome cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome: analysis of glycoprotein e and g double deletion mutants. | the genome of bovine herpesvirus type 1 schönböken was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by inserting mini f plasmid sequences into the glycoprotein (g) e gene. the resulting bac clone, pbhv-1deltage, was transfected into bovine kidney cells and viable ge-negative bhv-1 (bhv-1deltage) was recovered. by rece/t mutagenesis in escherichia coli, the gg open reading frame was deleted from pbhv-1deltage. from the mutated bac, double negative bhv-1deltage-gg was reconstituted and its gr ... | 2003 | 12560561 |
| glycoprotein g isoforms from some alphaherpesviruses function as broad-spectrum chemokine binding proteins. | mimicry of host chemokines and chemokine receptors to modulate chemokine activity is a strategy encoded by beta- and gammaherpesviruses, but very limited information is available on the anti-chemokine strategies encoded by alphaherpesviruses. the secretion of chemokine binding proteins (vckbps) has hitherto been considered a unique strategy encoded by poxviruses and gammaherpesviruses. we describe a family of novel vckbps in equine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5, and related alphaherp ... | 2003 | 12574120 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in beef cattle herds of yucatan, mexico. | the main objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in a population of non-vaccinated beef cattle in the livestock region of yucatan, mexico and to determine potential risk factors related to the seroprevalence. also, we estimated the intraherd correlation (r(e)) and design effect (d) of ibr seropositivity. cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. blood samples were collected from 564 animals from 35 herds. ser ... | 2003 | 12609465 |
| comparison of a multivalent viral vaccine program versus a univalent viral vaccine program on animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot calves. | a field study was conducted under commercial feedlot conditions at 2 sites in western canada to determine the relative effects of a univalent viral vaccine (mlv 1) program versus a multivalent viral vaccine (mlv 4) program on animal health; feedlot performance; and carcass characteristic variables of fall-placed, auction market derived, feedlot calves. five thousand one hundred and sixty-three calves were processed and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental groups as follows: mlv 1, which rec ... | 2003 | 12619555 |
| factors associated with first service conception in artificially inseminated nulliparous holstein heifers. | animal and management factors associated with first service conception in nulliparous dairy heifers were determined in 601 holstein heifers from a dairy farm in north central florida. animal data collected included body weight, height at the withers and tail head, body condition score at 6 months of age and just prior to first artificial insemination (ai), and pelvimetry measurements taken just prior to first ai. management data included season of first ai, inseminator, service sire, method of e ... | 2003 | 12620581 |
| stimulation of bovine herpesvirus-1 productive infection by the adenovirus e1a gene and a cell cycle regulatory gene, e2f-4. | identifying cellular genes that promote bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) productive infection is important, as bhv-1 is a significant bovine pathogen. previous studies demonstrated that bhv-1 dna is not very infectious unless cotransfected with a plasmid expressing bicp0, a viral protein that stimulates expression of all classes of viral promoters. based on these and other studies, we hypothesize that the ability of bicp0 to interact with and modify the function of cellular proteins stimulates virus ... | 2003 | 12655094 |
| infection of cattle with a bovine herpesvirus 1 strain that contains a mutation in the latency-related gene leads to increased apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia during the transition from acute infection to latency. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. after acute infection, the primary site for bhv-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (tg). reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna. an lr mutant was constructed by inserting three stop ... | 2003 | 12663791 |
| role of the ul28 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1 in viral dna cleavage and packaging. | in the aim to study the function of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) ul28 protein during the replicative cycle, we characterized a ul28 deletion mutant of bohv-1, bohv-1 delta ul28. productive growth of bohv-1 delta ul28 was only observed in a specifically engineered complementing cell line expressing the native ul28 protein, demonstrating that ul28 is essential for virus replication. ul28 deficiency did not compromised viral protein synthesis of the late class as shown by the detection of the ... | 2003 | 12664290 |
| targeting with bovine cd154 enhances humoral immune responses induced by a dna vaccine in sheep. | cd40-cd154 interactions play an important role in regulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. recently, these interactions have been exploited for the development of therapeutic and preventive treatments. the objective of this study was to test the ability of bovine cd154 to target a plasmid-encoded ag to cd40-expressing apcs. to achieve this, a plasmid coding for bovine cd154 fused to a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein d (tgd), psliatgd-cd154, was construc ... | 2003 | 12517965 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpesvirus 1 latency. | primary infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) can cause clinical symptoms in the peripheral and central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. recurrent ocular shedding leads to corneal scarring that can progress to vision loss. consequently, hsv-1 is the leading cause of corneal blindness due to an infectious agent. bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has similar biological properties to hsv-1 and is a significant health concern to the cattle industry. latency ... | 2003 | 12525426 |
| induction of immune responses by dna vaccines in large animals. | it is generally recognized that dna vaccines are often less effective in large animals than in mice. one possible reason for this reduced effectiveness may be transfection deficiency and the low level of expression elicited by plasmid vectors in large animals. in our attempt to enhance transfection efficiency and, thereby, enhance immune responses, we employed a variety of methods inducing gene gun delivery or suppositories as delivery vehicles to mucosal surfaces, as well as electroporation for ... | 2003 | 12531334 |
| mapping of the bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein c promoter region and its specific transactivation by the viral bicp27 gene product. | we investigated the cis-acting sequences of the promoter regulating the gene encoding the glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), a gene of the gamma1 class. s1 nuclease protection assays revealed that gc transcription initiated predominantly at position c18281 of the viral genome, corresponding to 21 and 56 bases downstream from putative tata-like and caat boxes, respectively. to map the gc promoter (pgc), we measured the ability of a series of nested deletions of the region +71 t ... | 2003 | 12536300 |
| rapid and efficient construction of recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 genomes. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle. recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 viruses (rbohv) have been studied extensively as potential vaccines for bohv-1 associated diseases. a method is described which advances protocols used currently for constructing rbohv by producing recombinant viruses free of parent virus. the method, restriction endonuclease mediated recombination (remr), utilises a unique nsii site in the bohv-1 genome. following nsii digestion the two genomic fr ... | 2003 | 12505643 |
| effects of virion host shut-off activity of bovine herpesvirus 1 on mhc class i expression. | previously, we have shown that bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) down-regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules by interfering with transport of peptides by the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap). further studies revealed that bhv-1 down-regulates the expression of mrna for class i molecules and other cellular proteins. to further elucidate the mechanisms of down-regulation of class i molecules, a virion host shut-off (vhs) deletion mutant was ge ... | 2002 | 12513930 |
| topical delivery of plasmid dna using biphasic lipid vesicles (biphasix). | the development of non-invasive methods for the delivery of vaccines through the skin will greatly improve the safety and the administration of human and veterinary vaccines. in this study we examined the efficiency of topical delivery of plasmids by assessing the localization of gene expression using luciferase as a reporter gene and induction of immune responses using a plasmid encoding for the bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein d (pgd). topical administration of plasmids in a lipid-based ... | 2002 | 12542889 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| th1/th2 biasing effects of vaccination in cattle as determined by real-time pcr. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is now becoming an accepted tool for measuring gene expression at the transcriptional level. in this study, a direct comparison between real-time pcr, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) assay was performed. when interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene expression was assessed, both elisa and elispot data strongly correlated to results obtained by real-time pcr. real-time pcr was subsequently used to measure ... | 2002 | 12009200 |
| sequence analysis of the alpha trans-inducing factor of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5). | bovine herpesvirus (bhv), a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, is classified into neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent subtypes on a basis of differential neuropathogenicities. transcription of viral immediate early (ie) genes during alphaherpesvirus gene expression, is mediated by a multi-component immediate early complex (iec) integrated by the viral tegument protein alpha trans-inducing factor (alpha-tif), a host cell protein (hcf), and a host octamer protein (oct). in this paper, we ... | 2002 | 12018705 |
| characterization of the glycoprotein b gene from ruminant alphaherpesviruses. | the complete open reading frame and promoter region of the glycoprotein b (gb) gene has been identified and sequenced from five poorly characterized alphaherpesviruses of ruminants, bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5), buffalo herpesvirus 1 (buhv-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (cerhv-1), rangiferine herpesvirus 1 (ranhv-1), and caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1). one of the two regions identified with considerable sequence and length variation is also target of the immune system, as two b cell epitopes have be ... | 2002 | 12018712 |
| bhv-1 dna vaccination: effect of the adjuvant rn-205 on the modulation of the immune response in mice. | it is well documented that adjuvants improve the immune response generated by traditional viral vaccines, but less is known about the effects of adjuvants on the immune response elicited by dna vaccines. in this study, we have investigated the use of rn-205 (immunomodulator containing a membrane rich in lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria) as an adjuvant and analyzed the humoral and cellular specific immune responses elicited by dna vaccines based on the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) g ... | 2002 | 12034090 |
| construction and manipulation of an infectious clone of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome maintained as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | the complete genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) strain v155 has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). following electroporation into escherichia coli strain dh10b, the bohv-1 bac was stably propagated over multiple generations of its host. bac dna recovered from dh10b cells and transfected into bovine cells produced a cytopathic effect which was indistinguishable from that of the parent virus. analysis of the replication kinetics of the viral progeny indicated that inserti ... | 2002 | 12050379 |