Publications

prevention by carp extract of myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil without loss of antitumor activity in mice.	the combined effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) and carp (cyprinus carpio l.) extract on antitumor activity, myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were examined in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. carp extract was found to prevent the occurrence of myelotoxicity as determined by the reduction of leukocyte number, and of gastrointestinal toxicity, as determined by the reduction of small intestinal weight, induced by 5-fu without loss of the antitumor activity of 5-fu.	1999	10624860
effects of nitric oxide, light adaptation and apb on spectral characteristics of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina.	the spectral characteristics of cone-driven horizontal cells of h1 subtype (h1 hcs) receiving main synaptic input from red-sensitive cones were studied in light- and dark-adapted retinae of carp. the spectral sensitivity profile of h1 hcs in dark-adapted retinae was practically the same as the absorption spectrum of red-sensitive cones. light-adaptation decreased the sensitivity preferentially in the short-wavelength (blue/green) region, resulting in a relative enhancement of the 617 nm peak. ap ...	1999	10617322
effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on steroidogenesis in cultured carp ovarian follicles: interactions with estradiol.	the biological action of insulin like growth factor-1 (igf-1) on follicular steroidogenesis during follicular development in common carp was examined. studies were carried out by culturing small (1-2 mm diam.) and large (> 2 mm diam.) follicles. igf-1 (0.3-100 ng/ml) had no effect on progesterone accumulation or aromatase activity during 48 hr culture of small follicles. progesterone accumulation by large follicles was also unaffected by igf-1 over the same period, although aromatase activity wa ...	1999	10641132
mortality of fish fry as a result of specific and aspecific cercarial invasion under experimental conditions.	although the effect exerted on fish by fluke cercariae developing in fish as intermediate hosts is fairly well known, cercariae of flukes requiring intermediate hosts other than fish occur in fish ponds in much higher numbers. to study the effect of these latter cercariae on fish fry, a few days old common carp fry (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to cohorts of xiphidiocercariae or echinocercariae shed by one or two snails acting as intermediate hosts. the observed pathogenicity of these cercariae ...	1999	10641334
chilling sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) embryos at different developmental stages in the presence or absence of cryoprotectants: work in progress.	the unsolved problem of cryopreservation of the yolk-rich teleost embryos may be related, in part, to their sensitivity to chilling and cryoprotective agents. the aim of this study was to gain data on the sensitivity of carp embryos to low temperatures at different developmental stages and on the possible protective and toxic effects of cryoprotectants. a total of 86,400 morulae, half-epiboly and heartbeat-stage embryos was selected and then placed in water or in 1 m methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide ...	1998	10734469
susceptibility of opioid peptides and myofibrillar proteins to carp cathepsin l.	the ability of carp cathepsin l to degrade opioid peptides and separate myofibrillar proteins was examined. the enzyme differentially released fragments from leucine-enkephalin, alpha-neoendorphin, and dynorphin, in which the common cleavage site of the enzyme was determined to be a gly2-gly3 bond. a leu5-arg6 bond in alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin was also commonly cleaved by the enzyme. at a protein ratio of the enzyme to myofibrillar protein of 1:500, the preferences of the enzyme appeared ...	1998	10554251
major histocompatibility genes in cyprinid fishes: theory and practice.	the first teleostean mhc sequences were described for carp. subsequent studies in a number of cyprinid fishes showed that the class i sequences of these fishes are of particular interest. two distinct lineages (cyca-z and cyca-u) are found in the common and ginbuna crucian carp, but only the u lineage is present in zebrafish and other non-cyprinid species. the presence of the z lineage is hypothesised to be the result of an allotetraploidisation event. both phylogenetic analyses and amino acid s ...	1998	9914921
structural and functional identification of complement components of the bony fish, carp (cyprinus carpio).	complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation, and of the lytic pathway. phylogenetically, bony fish are one of the lowest groups of vertebrates with serum that shows hemolytic activity indistinguishable from that of mammalian ...	1998	9914900
heat-shock proteins expression in fish central nervous system and its possible relation with water acidosis resistance.	the expression of 70 and 60-kda heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods, was studied in fish neural tissue; moreover the possible correlation between the expression of these proteins in neural tissue and fish acidosis resistance was also examined. the hsp gfap content was analyzed in four different teleostean fish species (gourami, carp, goldfish and trout) under control conditions and in carp ...	1998	9700715
[the effect of sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio].	synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in brazil, especially in the large urban centers. of these, sds has been largely employed as a reference substance in toxicity tests with aquatic organisms. studies on the effect of this substance on the physiology and behavior of fish are scanty. in this study the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio, at a given swimming velocity (10.15 cm/sec), were analyzed in relation to acute exposition to different concentrations of sds (1 ...	1998	9697654
characterization of the electrogenic na+-k+ pump in horizontal cells isolated from the carp retina.	the electrogenic na+-k+ pump current in horizontal cells acutely dissociated from the carp retina was investigated using a nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions. in the presence of suitable blockers for known voltage-dependent na+, k+ and ca2+ conductances, the pump current was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding k+ ions to external solution. the ec50 value and hill coefficient for the external k+ concentration were 0.66 mm and 1.39, ...	1998	9692757
distribution of macrophages during fish development: an immunohistochemical study in carp (cyprinus carpio, l.).	a monoclonal antibody against carp macrophages (wcl15) has been utilised in flow cytometry, immuno-histochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy to assess the distribution of monocytes/macrophages in developing carp lymphoid tissues. in suspensions of living cells wcl15 reacted strongly with cytoplasm and plasmic membrane of macrophages. it also cross-reacted with a subpopulation of thrombocytes, but this reaction could be neglected by double immunostaining in combination with a thrombocyte-spec ...	1998	9683065
phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes are co-distributed in the fish mauthner axon.	the neurofilament (nf) polypeptides of the fish giant mauthner cell axons (mas) and their degree of phosphorylation were investigated in the adult by means of immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (flm) axons of much smaller caliber, among which mas run in the ventral spinal cord, were also analyzed in two teleost fish belonging to continuously growing species. to detect nf polypeptide subunits, commercially available monoclonal antibodies against mammal ...	1998	9678896
cloning of a full-length insulin-like growth factor-i complementary dna in the goldfish liver and ovary and development of a quantitative pcr method for its measurement.	five forms of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) complementary dna (cdna) were isolated by pcr from goldfish liver and ovary, using primers based on common carp igf-i sequence. in the goldfish liver, we cloned and sequenced three igf-i forms (1,2, and 3), and elucidated the full-length cdna sequence using the 5'-and 3'-race. two igf-i forms (1 and 2) were cloned from the goldfish ovary and were found to have differences with respect to both size and nucleotide sequence compared to liver igf-i. ...	1998	9653021
characterisation of glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood leukocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l.	binding studies with [3h]cortisol revealed the presence of a single class of cortisol-binding sites on carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl). these binding sites showed high affinity (kd of 3.8 nm) and low capacity (490 binding sites per cell), indicative of receptor binding. affinity for cortisone was 254-fold lower than for cortisol. affinity for the two synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide (ta) was 4- and 10-fold higher than for cortisol, respectively. further ...	1998	9653016
blastoderm structure, cell migration and formation of the embryonic shield during gastrulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio); a scanning electron microscopic study.	this paper describes an ultrastructural study of the cell movements during the gastrulation of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, using scanning electron microscopy. the morphology of the deep cells was studied in several consecutive stages ranging from 0-100% epiboly. furthermore, the formation of the embryonic shield was followed from its earliest appearance at 50% epiboly onwards. this paper gives morphological evidence for the existence of two different pathways for involving and convergent m ...	1998	9651740
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 3. estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor concentrations, and potential correlation with dietary pcb consumption.	mink (mustela vison) were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls, pcbs) or saginaw bay carp to provide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs to examine the effect of pcbs on homeostasis of binding sites for ovarian steroid hormones. ranch-raised mink fed great lakes fish contaminated with pcbs, or treated with pcbs directly, have demonstrated reproductive impairment including anovulation, fetal resorption, delayed ovulation, increased gestation, and decreased litte ...	1998	9650573
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 2. liver pcb concentration and induction of hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity as a potential biomarker for pcb exposure.	this study examined the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) from saginaw bay (lake huron) carp on the hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity in mink (mustela vison). hepatic cytochrome p-450 activities are of interest for their possible use as biomarkers to indicate consumption and biological effects of pcbs in the environment. adult mink were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm) or saginaw bay carp toprovide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs. mink were bred after 3 mo of exposure, ...	1998	9650572
metabolic fractionation of stable carbon isotopes: implications of different proximate compositions for studies of the aquatic food webs using δ(13)c data.	in two laboratory experiments using tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio), we investigated the effect of lipid content in the fish carcass on the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ(13)c). in both experiments, a significant negative correlation was found between lipid content in the carcass dry matter and δ(13)c of total dry matter, but there was no influence on the δ(13)c of fat-free dry matter or lipids. as the lipid content of fish is known to vary with reproductive sta ...	1998	28308424
surgical removal of an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma from a koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma was removed surgically from a koi carp. the diagnostic procedures, including radiography and computed tomography, and the procedures for general anaesthesia and the surgical approach for a celiotomy in a fish are described. the gross and microscopic appearance of the tumour is described and illustrated.	1998	9854318
distinctive catalytic actions of carp dipeptidases from ordinary muscle and intestine.	although carp muscular and intestinal dipeptidases are metalloenzymes acting only on dipeptides, some structural and enzymatic differences occur between them. the present study verifies distinctive actions during dipeptide hydrolysis by these enzymes in terms of their kinetic characterization. the intestinal enzyme was differentially inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas these compounds induced a similar level inhibition of the muscular enzyme. the km and vmax values of both enzymes ...	1998	9701637
purification and characterization of a novel dipeptidase from carp ordinary muscle.	a novel dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of carp ordinary muscle with an increase in specific activity of 4041-fold and a 4% recovery rate. the enzyme was determined to have molecular weights of 54,000 after reduction and 106,000 without reduction, indicating that it is composed of two sulfide-linking molecules of subunit peptide chains of identical molar size. the optimum hydrolysis ph and temperature of the enzyme were evaluated by l-leucine-glycine to be ph 8.5 a ...	1998	9701633
characterization of the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump in bipolar cells isolated from carp retina.	the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump current (ip) in carp bipolar cells was investigated under voltage-clamp conditions. the ip was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding external k+ (ko+) and was completely suppressed with 10(-4) m ouabain (ec50=1.23 mm; hill coefficient=1.36). the ip was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by ouabain (ic50=1.90 mm; hill coefficient=0.93). the ip did not show a distinct voltage dependency either with or without na(o)+. a large outward shift ...	1998	9833634
growth hormone, sexual maturity and steroids in male carp (cyprinus carpio).	samples of pituitary, blood plasma and gonad were taken from male carp. the growth hormones (gh) in the pituitary and plasma were measured in fish of various body weights (bw) and degrees of gonad development, and compared with the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroprogesterone (17-p), 11-ketotesterone (11-kt) and progesterone (p) in the testes and plasma. the gonadosomatic index increased rapidly with bw from 100 to 600 g, and then decreased at 900 g. the pituita ...	1998	9827061
endocrine regulation of gonadotropin and growth hormone gene transcription in fish.	the pituitary of a number of teleosts contains two gonadotropins (gths) which are produced in distinct populations of cells; the beta subunit of the gth i being found in close proximity to the somatotrophs, while the ii beta cells are more peripheral. in several species the gth beta subunits are expressed at varying levels throughout the reproductive cycle, the i beta dominating in early maturing fish, after which the ii beta becomes predominant. this suggests differential control of the beta su ...	1998	9827005
identification of cystatin as a component of carp chorion.	an ovary-specific cystatin is immunocytochemically demonstrated to be localized in the chorions, cortical granules, and yolk granules of carp oocytes, as well as in the follicle cells surrounding oocytes. during cortical reaction, cystatin is exocytosed from cortical granules into the perivitelline space. in situ hybridization confirms that cystatin is synthesized by oocytes and follicle cells. western blotting reveals that chorion cystatin appears in multiple bands of high molecular weight (fro ...	1998	9820202
expression and temperature-dependent regulation of the beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) gene in a cold-blooded vertebrate, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	expression of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in the common carp was studied using a polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein obtained from eukaryotic expression of the cyca-b2m gene. beta2m is expressed on peripheral blood ig+ and ig lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes and thrombocytes. in spleen and pronephros, dull- and bright-positive populations could be identified correlating with the presence of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and mature leucocytes or immature and mature cells f ...	1998	9814583
development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research.	fish are widely used in numerous fields of basic and applied research. currently, they are the third laboratory animal group in numbers, and will become increasingly important. common carp is a major species in both aquaculture and research. inbred strains of carp by gynogenetic (only female inheritance) and androgenetic (only male inheritance) reproduction techniques were developed at our university. with these methods, homozygous animals are produced in one generation and we present the produc ...	1998	9807748
cloning and expression of two proopiomelanocortin mrnas in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor for a number of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin. it is well known that these peptides are involved in the stress response in fish as well as in mammals. we have cloned two different carp pomc cdnas called, pomc-i and pomc-ii. the nucleotide sequences of 955 bp for pomc-i and 959 bp for pomc-ii share 93.5% identity in their cdnas, and the deduced ...	1998	9806347
transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis.	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ests were analyzed from cdna libraries constructed from mrna isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. one hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ests were identified as known genes ...	1998	9801455
astroglial architecture of the carp (cyprinus carpio) brain as revealed by immunohistochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap).	the present paper is the first comprehensive study on the astroglia of a teleost fish that is based on the immunohistochemical staining of gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein, an immunohistochemical marker of astroglia). the ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) and their largest group, the teleostei, represent a separate pathway of vertebrate evolution. their brain has a very complex macroscopic structure; several parts either have no equivalents in tetrapods or have a very different shape, e.g. ...	1998	9801060
differential expression of two pro-opiomelanocortin mrnas during temperature stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of a number of biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, which are released by the pituitary glands of fish as well as mammals. to quantify the levels of expression of the two pomc mrnas relative to one another during the response of the common carp to temperature-induced stress, we used reverse transcriptase pcr combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induce ...	1998	9795345
two diverged complement factor b/c2-like cdna sequences from a teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	mammalian complement components factor b and c2 act as proteolytic subunits of the c3 convertases in the alternative and the classical activation pathways, respectively, and are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor by gene duplication. however, it is unclear when the b/c2 duplication occurred. here, we describe two diverged b/c2-like cdna clones (b/c2-a and b/c2-b) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). b/c2-a shares the same domain structure as the factor b an ...	1998	9794413
strong synergism between gaba(a) and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons.	a strong synergistic interaction between the bicuculline-sensitive gaba receptor (gaba(a) receptor) and the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor was observed in third-order neurons acutely isolated from crucian carp retina, with the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. in 58 of 153 cells, 10 microm gaba or glycine separately applied to amacrine/ganglion cells failed to induce any responses or only induced small currents (<20 pa), while co-application of these two chemicals res ...	1998	9760138
modulation of drug-metabolizing systems by bacterial endotoxin in carp liver and immune organs.	this report describes a study of the effects of bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (lps)] on cytochrome p450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in liver and two main immune organs of carp: spleen and head kidney. also studied was the paucity of the carp drug-metabolizing system in an environment subject to pollution by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (3mc), when fish respond to an immune activation by lipopol ...	1998	9756707
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9739064
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9739063
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (che) inhibition in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cholinesterase (che) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. carp were collected from a lake (royal lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (billy clapp lake) outside of the irrigation system. results indicated that the mean whole-brain che activity of carp from royal lake (3.47 micromol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% les ...	1998	9732468
effect of seasonal acclimatization on the expression of the carp transcription factor pit-1.	we isolated a clone comprising four exons of the carp pit-1 gene. using synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from the carp pit-1 sequence pit-1 expression was assessed by in situ hybridization in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp. semiquantitative analyses of the hybridization signals revealed a significant higher pit-1 expression in the proximal pars distalis (ppd) and pars intermedia (pi) of the pituitary glands from summer-acclimatized carp, compared to the wint ...	1998	9713706
occurrence of skrjabillanid nematodes in fishes of hungary and in the intermediate host, argulus foliaceus l.	histozoic and coelozoic skrjabillanid-type nematodes belonging to the genera skrjabillanus, molnaria, sinoichthyonema, esocinema, daniconema and lucionema are recorded from the subcutaneous tissues, fins, swimbladder and abdominal cavity of different fish species living in natural waters and fish farms of hungary. in addition to the nine taxonomically identified parasite species, one skrjabillanus sp., two molnaria spp. and three esocinema spp. were identified to the genus level only. the histoz ...	1998	9713146
assembly of a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s rrna gene from overlapping expressed sequence tags.	a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s ribosomal rna gene was assembled from our existing zebrafish est clones by aligning them with the carp mitochondria 16s rrna sequence. the overall homology between our assembled zebrafish mt 16s rrna and the carp mt 16s rrna is 83.5%. as the number of zebrafish ests grows, the assembly of more full-length cdna sequences from overlapping est data could be expected.	1998	10520744
semiquantitative immunoblot detection of 70 kda stress proteins in the carp cyprinus carpio.		1998	9484554
retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina.	ambient light conditions affect the morphology of synaptic elements within the cone pedicle and modulate the spatial properties of the horizontal cell receptive field. we describe here that the effects of retinoic acid on these properties are similar to those of light adaptation. intraorbital injection of retinoic acid into eyes of dark-adapted carp that subsequently were kept in complete darkness results in the formation of numerous spinules at the terminal dendrites of horizontal cells, a typi ...	1998	9618552
in vitro thyrotropin-releasing activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone-family peptides in coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch.	investigations of hypothalamic regulation of fish thyrotropin (tsh) secretion and subsequent thyroid activity have been impeded by the lack of a reliable assay for tsh. using a recently developed radioimmunoassay (ria) for coho salmon tsh we employed an in vitro pituitary cell culture technique to examine regulation of tsh secretion by corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) family peptides [ovine crh (ocrh), carp urotensin i (ui), and frog sauvagine (sv)] as well as thyrotropin-releasing hormone ...	1998	9473372
effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).		1998	9470997
basal level and induction of cytochrome p450, erod, udpgt, and gst activities in carp (cyprinus carpio) immune organs (spleen and head kidney).		1998	9470993
gaba modulates color-opponent bipolar cells in carp retina.	in the present work, the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) were examined while recording intracellularly from color-opponent bipolar cells in the isolated, superfused carp retina. bath-applied gaba differentially suppressed light responses of r/g cells, which depolarized and hyperpolarized, respectively, in response to red and green flashes, and g/r cells, which showed the opposite responses. in either r/g or g/r cells, the response driven by input from red cones was invariably suppresse ...	1998	9593968
effects of light and dark environment on regeneration of carp optic nerves.		1998	9628814
cadmium accumulation and metallothionein biosynthesis in cyprinus carpio tissues.		1998	9871009
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9866874
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9866873
stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	whole-body levels of acth, alpha-msh and cortisol in eggs and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were determined periodically up until 168 h after fertilisation. acth, alpha-msh and cortisol immunoreactivity was detected in unfertilised eggs, and endogenous production of acth and alpha-msh was observed 24 h after fertilisation and that of cortisol 36 h after fertilisation. acth immunoreactivity reached peak levels before hatching (56-72 h after fertilisation) and remained relatively sta ...	1998	9614366
spatio-temporal receptive fields in carp retinal horizontal cells.	1. the dynamics of the receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells were examined by applying a spatio-temporal modulated light signal to the retina. 2. the spatio-temporal receptive fields of both cone- and rod-driven horizontal cells, estimated through cross-correlation between the modulated light signal and the cells' responses, showed their receptive fields (the space-dependent component) to be reduced in size with time. 3. in cone-driven horizontal cells, the reduction in receptive field si ...	1998	9490843
existence of two isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in fish.	full-length cdnas for extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk1 and erk2) were isolated from a carp ovary cdna library. the deduced amino acid sequences of carp erk1 (cerk1) and erk2 (cerk2) exhibited high degrees of homology to the known sequences of the erk group. northern blot analysis showed that cerk1 mrna was not expressed in a tissue-specific manner, though the level of expression of cerk2 mrna varied among tissues. western blot analysis of the brain, kidney, and ovary confirmed the ex ...	1998	9603989
site-specific lead distribution in scales of lead-administered carp (cyprinus carpio) by non-destructive sr-xrf analysis.	by utilizing non-destructive synchrotron radiation-excited x-ray fluorescence (sr-xrf), we observed the distribution of lead (pb) in both ontogenic and regenerating scales of lead-administrated carp, cyprinus carpio. the fish in the pb-administered group were fed pellets containing 1 mg/g of pb at a rate of 1.5% body weight per day for 30 days. in the ontogenic scales, pb was highly accumulated near the basal edge of the scale and the accumulated amount decreased toward the focus of the scale. o ...	1998	9566301
cadmium-induced scale deformation in carp (cyprinus carpio).		1998	9557205
effects of phorbol esters in carp (cyprinus carpio l).	carp (cyprinus carpio l) were fed diets containing phorbol esters at concentrations of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 31, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 micrograms/g feed. phorbol esters were from jatropha curcas nuts. jatropha curcas toxicity has been reported in humans, rodents and livestock, and phorbol esters have been identified as the main toxic agent. the adverse effects observed in carp at phorbol esters concentrations of 31 micrograms/g or higher were lower average metabolic growth rate, fecal mucus ...	1998	9554059
tritium planigraphy: from the accessible surface to the spatial structure of a protein.	the method of tritium planigraphy, which provides comprehensive information on the accessible surface of macromolecules, allows an attempt at reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of a protein from the experimental data on residue accessibility for labeling. the semiempirical algorithm proposed for globular proteins involves (i) predicting theoretically the secondary structure elements (sses), (ii) experimentally determining the residue-accessibility profile by bombarding the whole prot ...	1998	9501168
antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma on lipid peroxidation.	antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma was estimated by measuring hydroperoxides formed by liposome peroxidation during the exposure of liposomes to aaph. ascorbic acid of high concentration, uric acid of low content, and tocopherol formed special protective system against lipid poroxidation in fish plasma. the decrease of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol showed synergism of ascorbic acid and tocopherol, uric acid, and tocopherol. carp blood plasma with a low concentration of protei ...	1998	9532775
ca2+ signals during early lymphocyte activation in carp cyprinus carpio l.	to measure cellular responses and the involvement of increased cytosolic ca2+ levels ([ca2+]i), peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) of carp were loaded with the fluorescent intracellular ca2+ indicators fluo-3 and fura-2. responses of lymphocytes to t-cell mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, pha), to b-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide, lps) and to immunoglobulin (ig) cross-linking with a monoclonal antibody to carp ig were measured using flow cytometry. both t-cell stimulation by pha and b-cell stimulat ...	1998	9438833
effects of exhausting exercise and catecholamines on k+ balance, acid-base status and blood respiratory properties in carp.	the potential role of adrenergic mechanisms in the recovery of potassium balance and acid-base status following 5 min of exhausting exercise was studied in carp. the extracellular metabolic h+ load after exercise matched the lactate load, suggesting similar release rates of h+ and lactate from white muscle. blockage of alpha-adrenoceptors by phentolamine or beta-adrenoceptors by propranolol neither influenced absolute magnitudes nor recovery kinetics of extracellular h+ and lactate loads. the ar ...	1998	11253799
cloning and expression of a novel neurotrophin, nt-7, from carp.	neurotrophins have been demonstrated to play important roles in the development and functioning of the nervous system. this family of proteins consists of four homologous members in mammals: ngf, bdnf, nt-3, and nt-4/5. a new member, called nt-6, was recently cloned from the platyfish xiphophorus maculatus. this protein shares closer structural relationship to ngf than the other neurotrophins, but contains a characteristic insertion of 22 amino acids that constituted the heparin-binding domain. ...	1998	12546061
parvalbumin, a cross-reactive fish allergen, contains ige-binding epitopes sensitive to periodate treatment and ca2+ depletion.	type i allergy to fish is a severe health problem in countries in which a large percentage of the population derive income from fishing.	1998	9449503
l-type ca2+ current in fish cardiac myocytes: effects of thermal acclimation and beta-adrenergic stimulation.	a patch-clamp analysis of l-type ca2+ current in ventricular myocytes of cold- and warm-acclimated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius) hearts was performed. trout were acclimated at 4 and 17 degrees c and carp at 4 and 24 degrees c for a minimum of 4 weeks. ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic dissociation using collagenase and trypsin. marked species-specific differences were noted in ca2+ current density and its ss-adrenergic regulation. the de ...	1998	9438829
[zinc modulation of gaba receptors expressed in xenopus oocytes injected with carp brain poly(a)+ rna].	two types of gaba receptors, gabaa receptors (approximately 85%) and gabac-like receptors (approximately 15%), were expressed in xenopus oocytes after injection of poly(a)+ rna with carp (carassius carassius) brain. using voltage-clamp technique and pharmacological methods, the effects of zinc on the two receptors were studied. it was found that zinc modulation of both gabaa and gabac-like receptors by zinc was inhibitory and reversible with the former being stronger than the latter as indicated ...	1998	11324566
desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina.	in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ...	1998	9700718
influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp.	several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ...	1998	9679686
characterization of repetitive dna sequences carrying 5s rdna of the triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi).	repetitive dna sequences (hi-b; 209 bp in length) were isolated from the hindiii digests of the genomic dna of the triploid ginbuna, carassius auratus langsdorfi. sequence analyses revealed that the hi-b repetitive units were comprised of the complete coding regions of 5s rdna (120 bp in size) and their 5'flanking regions. the sequences of the hi-b units from the same individual were highly homogeneous. southern blot hybridization to the hi-b probe displayed intricate patterns that represented t ...	1998	9546204
the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome from a gynogenetic triploid "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi).	the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi, az3 line) has been cloned and sequenced. the genome consisted of 16,578 bp and encoded the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas and 22 trnas) in addition to a d-loop region, as described for other vertebrate mtdnas. comparison with other teleost mtdnas demonstrated that the protein/rrna-coding regions of the ginbuna were highly homologous both in length and nucleotide composition to those ...	1998	18465995
[comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis].	isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ...	1998	12016959
dopamine receptor subtypes expressed in vertebrate (carp and eel) retinae: cloning, sequencing and comparison of five d1-like and three d2-like receptors.	eight dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina and four dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the european eel (anguilla anguilla) retina. these cdna clones show high sequence and structural homology to the known dopamine receptor subtypes. the sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that five subtypes (d1a3, d1a4, d1b, d1c and d1x) in the carp retina and four subtypes (d1a1, d1a2, d1b and d1c) in the eel retina are d1 ...	1998	9826915
toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and daphnia magna.	ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. the possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. the acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [cyprinus carpio (at 27 degrees c), leuciscus idus (at 27 degrees c) and clarias gariepinus (at 32 degrees c)] and to daphnia magna (at 21 and 27 degrees c). the results indicate that ozone is very harmfu ...	1998	9756705
reduction of stress response in carp,cyprinus carpiol., held under deteriorating environmental conditions, by oral administration of bovine lactoferrin.	bovine lactoferrin (lf) was evaluated for its ability to suppress stress reactions in carp, cyprinus carpio l., held under deteriorating environmental conditions. three test diets containing different levels of lf (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) were fed at 2% of fish body weight per day, i.e. lf at 2, 20 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) was administered orally to carp for 14 days at 20 °c. in the fish reared at a density of 2 individuals 10 l(-1) , plasma cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline decrease ...	1998	21361970
short communicationgill lesions in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., in mexico due to the metacercariae of centrocestus formosanus.		1998	21361978
cultivation of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma carassii, a common parasite of freshwater fish.	trypanosoma carassii (syn. t. danilewskyi) is a widespread parasite of carp and other cyprinid as well as some noncyprinid freshwater fish. it lives extracellularly in the blood and tissues of its hosts, causing chronic infections. in this paper the isolation of t. carassii from fish blood and the propagation and cloning of bloodstream forms in vitro are described. by several criteria, cultured and fish-derived trypomastigotes are indistinguishable. the culture system should be useful for the bi ...	1998	9610629
cyclic amp-receptor responses to hypergravity.	altered gravity (g) encountered during spaceflight causes physiologic changes in humans and in experimental animals. in addition to weightlessness (0g) in space, sharply increased g forces are exerted on the spacecraft during the lift-off and reentry phases. previous studies showed major changes in camp-associated activity of rat heart muscle after spaceflight, indicating that (hormone) signaling pathways may have been affected.	1998	10776450
cyclic amp-receptor proteins in the enamel matrix.	cyclic amp receptor proteins (carp) are present in a variety of cell types. intracellularly, they are the regulatory (r) subunits of type ii cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka: e.c.2.7.1.37). additionally, carp are secretory products of several cell types.[1] that carp are present in and secreted by ameloblasts into the enamel matrix of the rat incisor was demonstrated by photoaffinity labeling, western blotting and immunogold cytochemistry. gold particles were present over cytoplasmic reg ...	1998	11063036
[the dynamics of the ectoparasite count and the protein level in the blood serum of infested carp under experimental conditions].	carps of one and two years age used for laboratory experiments were collected in winter time. 7 groups of carps of one year age were examined each 10th day during 70 days and 5 groups of two years age were examined each 15 days during 75 days. in carps of one year age the increase of different parasites was observed in different time: dactylogyrus extensus--after 40 and 70 days, icthyophthirius multifiliis--after 50 days, trichodina sp.--after 60 days. in carps of two years age the increase of a ...	1998	10206854
effect of different concentrations of cryoprotectant and extender on the hatching of indian major carp embryos (labeo rohita, catla catla, and cirrhinus mrigala) stored at low temperature	rohu (labeo rohita), catla (catla catla) and mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) embryos were examined for hatching success after short-term (8-13 h) storage at low temperature (4 degreesc) using three concentrations of three cryoprotectants, methanol (1, 2, and 3 m), dimethyl sulfoxide (1.282, 1.923, and 2.564 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), and glycerol (1.087, 1.63, and 2.174 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), separately as well as together with a single concentration of sucrose (0.5 m). the aim was to deter ...	1998	9917348
goussia carpelli (protozoa: coccidia) infection in stressed and immunosuppressed common carp cyprinus carpio.	goussia carpelli causes enteritic coccidiosis in juvenile carp. in nature it affects carp fry (1 to 2 mo old) and fish (3 to 4 mo old) which are subjected to environmental stress. carp treated with corticosteroids or subjected to temperature stress in the laboratory produced higher numbers of oocysts during the primary infection. resistance to reinfection via the fecal contamination route, however, was not reduced by the application of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or x-ray irradiation given bo ...	1998	9925425
carp coccidiosis: longevity and transmission of goussia carpelli (apicomplexa: coccidia) in the pond environment.		1998	9868794
sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase-related protein, carp-2, mapping to chromosome 19q13.3.	in this study, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein. we have determined that the full length coding sequence of an anonymous expressed sequenced tag, d19s799e, encodes a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein (carp-2) that is 328 amino acids in length. this peptide exhibits between 23.1-28.8% amino acid identity with the seven active human carbonic anhydrase (ca) isozymes. four substitutions of key amino acids in the catalytic domain o ...	1998	9878543
identification and spatial distribution of the mrna encoding the gp49 component of the gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope.	a cdna encoding the precursor of one of the major components of gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope has been cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) techniques. the clone was isolated starting from total rna extracted from the liver of spawning female fish and estradiol-17 beta-treated male fish. sequence analysis revealed that the cdna encoded a protein of 405 aa corresponding to 49-kda component (termed gp49), a glycoprotein belonging to the n-linked type ...	1998	9406196
genomic organization and characterization of the promoter region of the round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) jak1 kinase gene.	seventeen kilobases of genomic dna containing the promoter and the coding region of the round-spotted pufferfish jak1 gene was isolated and completely sequenced. this gene consists of 25 exons and 24 introns spanning about 13.5 kb, compared to > 30kb in carp jak1 gene. primer extension analysis revealed one transcription initiation site which was 376 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. the sequence of the 2.9 kb region upstream of the transcription initiation site contains numerous p ...	1998	9434151
ca2+-atpase activity and ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum in fish heart: effects of thermal acclimation.	this study was designed to compare the activities of sarcoplasmic (sr) ca2+-atpase and ca2+ uptake in fish and mammalian hearts and to determine whether thermal acclimation has any effect on the function of the cardiac sr in fish. to this end, we measured thapsigargin-sensitive ca2+-atpase activity and thapsigargin-inhibitable ca2+ uptake velocity in crude cardiac homogenates of newborn and adult rats and of two teleost fish (crucian carp and rainbow trout) acclimated to low (4 degrees c) and hi ...	1998	9438828
isolation and characterization of a novel bioactive peptide, carassius rfamide (c-rfa), from the brain of the japanese crucian carp.	a novel bioactive peptide with the c-terminal rfamide was isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii, by using the intestine of the fish as the bioassay system. the primary structure of the peptide was determined to be speidpfwyvgrgvrpigrfamide and it was designated carassius rfamide (c-rfa). the sequence of c-rfa was found to be significantly homologous to the molluscan neuropeptide termed achatina cardioexcitatory peptide 1 (acep-1). both peptides have ...	1998	9446813
regulation of carab expression in escherichia coli occurs in part through utp-sensitive reiterative transcription.	in escherichia coli, expression of the carab operon is subject to cumulative repression, which occurs by argr-mediated repression at a downstream promoter, p2, and by pyrimidine-mediated regulation at an upstream promoter, p1. in this study, we show that pyrimidine-mediated regulation occurs in part through a mechanism involving utp-sensitive reiterative transcription (i.e., repetitive addition of u residues to the 3' end of a nascent transcript due to transcript-template slippage). in this case ...	1998	9457878
round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) snf5 gene is oriented in a tail-to-tail manner with the set gene which encodes an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2a.	the round-spotted pufferfish tetraodon fluviatilis has a genome size of 380 mb which is slightly smaller than that of another pufferfish fugu rubripes rubripes (fugu). due to its compact genome and small introns, fugu has been introduced as a model for genome studies. recently, the round-spotted pufferfish has also been proposed as a new model for genome studies because of the ease in obtaining material and high-sequence homology to that of fugu. in this study, we have cloned and characterized t ...	1998	9468224
internalization of aeromonas hydrophila by fish epithelial cells can be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic in fish, causing motile aeromonad septicaemia. it can enter (invade) fish cells, and survive as an intracellular parasite. the host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction pathway were studied by screening signal transduction inhibitors using carp epithelial cells and a virulent strain of the bacterium, ppd134/91. genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, postponed internalization of a. hydrophila into host cells, suggesting ...	1998	9493367
the carp homeobox gene ovx1 shows early expression during gastrulation and subsequently in the vagal lobe, the facial lobe and the ventral telencephalon.	the homeobox gene carp-ovx1 shows similarity to vertebrate and invertebrate ovx genes and to drosophila unplugged. its expression pattern was studied by in situ hybridization in carp embryos and juveniles. during segmentation, expression becomes gradually limited to the neural tube. in juveniles up to 9 weeks old, cells in the ventral telencephalon, the facial lobe and the vagal lobe show ovx1 expression, confining expression to parts with chemosensory projections.	1998	9518526
characterization of cyprinus carpio brain nitric oxide synthase.	nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity is found both in soluble and in particulate fractions of the carp brain. the km values for arginine are 2.8+/-0.5 and 3.3+/-0.4 microm for the soluble and particulate fractions, respectively. k for ng-monomethyl-l-arginine inhibitor are 2.6+/-0.5 and 2.9+/-0.6 microm, and activation energy for the breakdown of the substrate-enzyme complex 8120+/-710 and 4620+/-450 cal per mole. carp enzyme shows higher affinity than rat nos for ca2+ and for the competitive in ...	1998	9530929
characterization of mboi satellites in cirrhina mrigala and clarias batrachus (pisces).	we have cloned and characterized two highly reiterated, tandemly repeated, and a+t rich mboi dna fragments, one in cirrhina mrigala (cyprinidae), with a monomer size of 266 bp, and one in clarias batrachus (clariidae), with a monomer size of 227 bp. the mboi fragment in c. mrigala is species-specific and absent in other carps, such as catla catla and labeo rohita. the mboi fragment in c. batrachus was also present in two other catfishes tested, namely clarias gariepinus and heteropneustes fossil ...	1998	9549057
blastomeres and cells with mesendodermal fates of carp embryos express cth1, a member of the tis11 family of primary response genes.	the carp cth1 gene, related to the mammalian tis11 family of primary response genes, encodes a novel fish protein with two putative ccch zinc fingers. this report describes the rna expression of this gene during cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages of carp embryos. cth1 mrna is present in all cleavage stage blastomeres as a maternal message. after the late blastula stage, the maternal expression decreases, revealing a spot of higher expression at the margin of the blastoderm of the dome stage ...	1998	9551863
modulation of chromatic difference in receptive field size of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: dopamine- and apb-sensitive mechanisms.	chromatic aspects of receptive field size in the h1 horizontal cell syncytium of the carp retina were investigated using spectral photostimuli (blue or red) presented in the form of either a pair of a small spot and annulus, or a narrow moving slit. in the light-adapted retina, the receptive field for the blue stimulus was found to be significantly smaller than that for the red, i.e. there was a chromatic difference in the receptive field size. during the course of dark adaptation, the overall r ...	1998	9572576
thermal unfolding of three acclimation temperature-associated isoforms of carp light meromyosin expressed by recombinant dnas.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was performed to investigate thermodynamic properties of three carp fast skeletal light meromyosin (lmm) isoforms expressed in escherichia coli by recombinant dnas. three isoforms were the 10 degreesc-, intermediate-, and 30 degreesc-type lmm predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10, 20, and 30 degreesc. the isoforms expressed in e. coli by recombinant dnas exhibited a typical pattern of alpha-helix in cd spectroscopy with two minima at 222 and 208 ...	1998	9572878
effects of gamma irradiation on the flavor composition of food commodities.	fifteen food products including potato, sweet potato, shallot, onion, garlic, ginger, papaya, mango, rice, tobacco, small red bean, mungbean, soybean, wheat, flour and spices have been approved for irradiation by the national health administration in taiwan. market tests (wu et al., 1996) provided strong proof that taiwanese consumers would accept irradiated foods. however, researchers in the food industry are concerned about the possibility of chemical changes, especially in volatile compositio ...	1998	9598207
fish lesions in the chesapeake bay: pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and other etiologies.	ulcerative lesions and mass mortalities of atlantic estuarine fish, particularly menhaden (brevoortia tyrannus), have been associated with exposure to pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and their toxins. we collected fish from the chicamacomico river, maryland, and observed solitary ulcerative lesions on the majority of menhaden sampled. one striped bass (morone saxatilis) had an area of reddening around the base of the dorsal fin. bluegill (lepomis machrochirus), channel catfish (ictalurus punctat ...	1998	9601194
[ultrastructural organization of cardiomyocytes in various lower vertebrates].	electron microscopy was used to study myocardium in cyprinus carpio, bufo bufo and lacerta agilis. myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei and secretory granules in cardiomyocytes (cmc) of atrium and ventricle were analyzed quantitatively. amphibians and reptiles showed significant complication of both structural organization of cmc and intercellular contacts versus bony fish. the absence of t-systems in bony fish was noted.	1998	9621323
distribution of connexin43 immunoreactivity in the retinas of different vertebrates.	the distribution of connexin43 (cx43) was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in the retinas of five different vertebrates by using a c-terminal specific peptide antibody. the specificity of the antibody was proved on immunoblots, in which it showed cross reactivity with a 43-kda protein in rat heart homogenates as well as in homogenates of rabbit, rat, chicken, turtle, and fish (carp and zebrafish) retinas. immunofluorescence histochemistry with retinal cryosections rev ...	1998	9624586
influence of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the form of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin of vertebrates.	the effect of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the structure of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was studied by using different doses and times of incubation of hemoglobin with the herbicide. it was ascertained that among the investigated hemoglobins the most sensitive was carp oxyhemoglobin incubated with 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the least sensitive was human hemoglobin. comparing the toxicity of 2,4-d, mcpa (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-dcp (2,4-dichlorophenol) ...	1998	9635129