Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| nectarin iv, a potent endoglucanase inhibitor secreted into the nectar of ornamental tobacco plants. isolation, cloning, and characterization. | we have isolated and characterized the nectarin iv (nec4) protein that accumulates in the nectar of ornamental tobacco plants (nicotiana langsdorffii x nicotiana sanderae var lxs8). this 60-kd protein has a blocked n terminus. three tryptic peptides of the protein were isolated and sequenced using tandem mass spectroscopy. these unique peptides were found to be similar to the xyloglucan-specific fungal endoglucanase inhibitor protein (xegip) precursor in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and its ... | 2005 | 16244157 |
| improvement of human lysozyme expression in transgenic rice grain by combining wheat (triticum aestivum) puroindoline b and rice (oryza sativa) gt1 promoters and signal peptides. | heterologous protein expression levels in transgenic plants are of critical importance in the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmps). we studied a puroindoline b promoter and signal peptide (tapur) driving human lysozyme expression in rice endosperm. the results demonstrated that human lysozyme expressed under the control of the tapur cassette is seed-specific, readily extractable, active, and properly processed. immuno-electron microscopy indicated that lysozyme expressed from this cas ... | 2005 | 16245149 |
| drought controls on h2o2 accumulation, catalase (cat) activity and cat gene expression in wheat. | plants co-ordinate information derived from many diverse external and internal signals to ensure appropriate control of gene expression under optimal and stress conditions. in this work, the relationships between catalase (cat) and h2o2 during drought in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are studied. drought-induced h2o2 accumulation correlated with decreases in soil water content and co2 assimilation. leaf h2o2 content increased even though total cat activity doubled under severe drought conditions. ... | 2005 | 15569704 |
| wheat leaf photosynthesis loss due to leaf rust, with respect to lesion development and leaf nitrogen status. | in wheat (triticum aestivum cv. soissons) plants grown under three different fertilisation treatments, we quantified the effect of leaf rust (puccinia triticina) on flag leaf photosynthesis during the whole sporulation period. bastiaans' model: y = (1 - x)beta was used to characterize the relationship between relative leaf photosynthesis (y) and disease severity (x). the evolution of the different types of symptoms induced by the pathogen (sporulating, chlorotic and necrosed tissues) was evaluat ... | 2005 | 15720636 |
| the application of bioassays as indicators of petroleum-contaminated soil remediation. | bioremediation has proven successful in numerous applications to petroleum contaminated soils. however, questions remain as to the efficiency of bioremediation in lowering long-term soil toxicity. in the present study, the bioassays spirotox, microtox, ostracodtoxkit f, umu-test with s-9 activation, and plant assays were applied, and compared to evaluate bioremediation processes in heavily petroleum contaminated soils. six higher plant species (secale cereale l., lactuca sativa l., zea mays l., ... | 2005 | 15722101 |
| induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by species of the fungus fusarium, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese t. aestivum 'ning7840' is one of few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. to identify differentially expressed genes corresponding to fhb resistance, a cdna library was constructed using pooled mrna isolated from glumes of 'ning7840' harvested at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h after inoculation (hai) with a conidia spore suspension of fusarium graminearum. ... | 2005 | 15729394 |
| mapping of genes expressed in fusarium graminearum-infected heads of wheat cultivar 'frontana'. | the isolation, physical, and genetic mapping of a group of wheat genes expressed in infected heads of triticum aestivum 'frontana' resistant to fusarium head blight is reported. a cdna library was built from heads of 'frontana' through suppressive subtractive hybridization, to enrich for sequences induced by the pathogen fusarium graminearum during infection. a group of 1794 clones was screened by dot blot hybridization for differential gene expression following infection. twenty of these clones ... | 2005 | 15729400 |
| inheritance and qtl analysis of durable resistance to stripe and leaf rusts in an australian cultivar, triticum aestivum 'cook'. | an f4-derived f6 recombinant inbred line population (n = 148) of a cross between the durable stripe (yellow) rust (caused by puccinia striiformis) and leaf (brown) rust (caused by puccinia triticina) resistant cultivar, triticum aestivum 'cook', and susceptible genotype avocet-yra was phenotyped at several locations in canada and mexico under artificial epidemics of leaf or stripe rusts and genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and microsatellite markers. durable adult pl ... | 2005 | 15729401 |
| manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration grass species. | manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration plants have not been established. as a result, ecological risk assessments rely on toxicity thresholds for agronomic species, which may differ from those of restoration species. our objective was to provide mn toxicity thresholds for grasses commonly used in restoration. we used a greenhouse screening study where seedlings of redtop, slender wheatgrass, tufted hairgrass, big bluegrass, basin wildrye, and common wheat were grown in sand culture and ex ... | 2005 | 15734591 |
| a novel dwarfing mutation in a green revolution gene from brassica rapa. | mutations in the biosynthesis or signaling pathways of gibberellin (ga) can cause dwarfing phenotypes in plants, and the use of such mutations in plant breeding was a major factor in the success of the green revolution. della proteins are ga signaling repressors whose functions are conserved in different plant species. recent studies show that ga promotes stem growth by causing degradation of della proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. the most widely utilized dwarfing alleles in wheat ... | 2005 | 15734906 |
| first report of phoma sorghina (sacc.) boerema dorenbosch & van kest on wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) in argentina. | a new disease caused by phoma sorghina has been detected for the first time on wheat plants in the province of buenos aires, argentina. the pathogen was isolated from wheat leaves growing under field conditions, cultured on pda and identified by its morphobiometric and cultural characters. the disease symptoms and morphological characters of the pathogen are described. pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by inoculating 10 wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions. | 2005 | 15750734 |
| wheat cytogenetics in the genomics era and its relevance to breeding. | hexaploid wheat is a species that has been subjected to most extensive cytogenetic studies. this has contributed to understanding the mechanism of the evolution of polyploids involving diploidization through genetic restriction of chromosome pairing to only homologous chromosomes. the availability of a variety of aneuploids and the ph mutants (ph1 and ph2) in bread wheat also allowed chromosome manipulations leading to the development of alien addition/substitution lines and the introgression of ... | 2005 | 15753592 |
| modeling carbon and nitrogen transformations for adjustment of compost application with nitrogen uptake by wheat. | environmentally sound management of the use of composts in agriculture relies on matching the rate of release of available n from compost-amended soils to the crop demand. to develop such management it is necessary to (i) characterize the properties of composts that control their rates of decomposition and release of n and (ii) determine the optimal amount of composts that should be applied annually to wheat (triticum aestivum l.). carbon and n mineralization were measured under controlled condi ... | 2005 | 15758119 |
| expression of fission yeast cdc25 driven by the wheat adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit promoter reduces pollen viability and prevents transmission of the transgene in wheat. | cell number was to be measured in wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm expressing spcdc25 (a fission yeast cell-cycle regulator) controlled by a supposedly endosperm-specific promoter, agp2 (from the large subunit of adp glucose pyrophosphorylase). wheat was transformed by biolistics either with agp2::gus or agp2::spcdc25. pcr and rt-pcr checked integration and expression of the transgene, respectively. in cv. chinese spring, agp2::gus was unexpectedly expressed in carpels and pollen, as well as ... | 2005 | 15760362 |
| evidence for the plasma membrane localization of al-activated malate transporter (almt1). | aluminum (al)-activated malate transporter (almt1) was recently identified from wheat (triticum aestivum). heterologous expression of almt1 led to higher malate exudation that is associated with enhanced al tolerance in transgenic plants. here, we show the first direct evidence that almt1 is localized in the plasma membrane of al-tolerant wheat. phase partitioning experiments showed that this transporter was associated with the plasma membrane fraction. almt1 was detected in an al-tolerant wheat ... | 2005 | 15769806 |
| antioxidant activity of commercial soft and hard wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as affected by gastric ph conditions. | phenolic compounds from soft and hard wheat and their milling fractions were extracted into distilled deionized water, and their in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. wheat samples were used as such (nontreated) or subjected to ph adjustment (treated) in order to simulate gastrointestinal ph conditions. the total phenolic content (tpc) was determined using folin-ciocalteu's procedure. the total antioxidant activity (taa) was determined using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay ... | 2005 | 15796575 |
| developmental changes in the metabolic protein profiles of wheat endosperm. | a combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry approach was utilized to identify over 250 proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. butte 86) starchy endosperm that participate in 13 biochemical processes: atp interconversion reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, cell division, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly, protein turnover, signal transduction, protein storage, stress/defense, transcription/translation, and transport. endospe ... | 2005 | 15800972 |
| identification and molecular tagging of a gene from pi 289824 conferring resistance to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in wheat. | host-plant resistance is the most economically viable and environmentally responsible method of control for puccinia triticina, the causal agent of leaf rust in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the identification and utilization of new resistance sources is critical to the continued development of improved cultivars as shifts in pathogen races cause the effectiveness of widely deployed genes to be short lived. the objectives of this research were to identify and tag new leaf rust resistance genes. ... | 2005 | 15815925 |
| soft wheat instead of hard wheat in pelleted diets results in high starch digestibility in broiler chickens. | (1) the aim of the experiment was to re-examine variations in digestibilities of food components in 3-week-old broiler chickens fed on pelleted diets based on wheats differing in lipase activity and hardness. fourteen wheat (triticum aestivum) samples, each from a different cultivar, were included at 550 g/kg in 14 different diets given to male ross broiler chicks from 7 d of age. the other main ingredients consisted of soyabean meal (353 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (55 g/kg). a 15th diet containing ... | 2005 | 15835254 |
| allelic reduction and genetic shift in the canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004. | analysis of genetic diversity changes in existing gene pools of cultivated crops is important for understanding the impact of plant breeding on crop genetic diversity and developing effective indicators for genetic diversity of cultivated plants. the objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity changes in 75 canadian hard red wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars released from 1845 to 2004 using 31 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) markers. a total of 267 ssr alleles were detected, and ... | 2005 | 15841359 |
| genetic analysis of durable resistance to yellow rust in bread wheat. | yellow rust, caused by puccinia striiformis, is one of the most damaging diseases affecting bread wheat in temperate regions. although resistance to yellow rust is frequently overcome by new virulent races, a durable form of resistance in the french bread wheat camp remy (cr) has remained effective since its introduction in 1980. we used 217 f7 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from the cross between cr and the susceptible cultivar recital to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) ... | 2005 | 15841362 |
| impact of fusarium culmorum on the polysaccharides of wheat flour. | to assess the effects of fusarium infection on the polysaccharides of winter wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.), grain samples obtained from plants artificially inoculated with fusarium culmorum were analyzed. microscopy revealed obvious damage to the starch granules in the seriously infected samples. the fusarium infection had no analytically detectable influence on the starch and total insoluble dietary fiber content of the wheat grain. there were significantly positive relationships between a ... | 2005 | 15998153 |
| stable barley chromosomes without centromeric repeats. | the satellite sequences (agggag)(n) and ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7h (7hs) that lacked the barley-specific satellite sequence (agggag)(n). two telocentric derivatives of the isochromosome arose in the progeny: 7hs* with and 7hs** without the pericentromeric c-band. fi ... | 2005 | 15998740 |
| mechanistic information from analysis of molecular weight distributions of starch. | a methodology is developed for interpreting the molecular weight distributions of debranched amylopectin, based on techniques developed for quantitatively and qualitatively finding mechanistic information from the molecular weight distributions of synthetic polymers. if the only events occurring are random chain growth and stoppage (i.e., the rates are independent of degree of polymerization over the range in question), then the number of chains of degree of polymerization n, p(n), is linear in ... | 2005 | 16004469 |
| biochemical characterization of a cinnamoyl-coa reductase from wheat. | cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is responsible for the coa ester-->aldehyde conversion in monolignol biosynthesis, which can divert phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites into the biosynthesis of lignin. to gain a better understanding of lignin biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a cdna encoding ccr was isolated and named ta-ccr2. dna hybridization analyses demonstrated that the ta-ccr2 gene exists in three copies in the wheat genome. rna blot hybridization indicated that ta-ccr2 was expres ... | 2005 | 16006242 |
| development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the lr21-mediated leaf rust resistance pathway. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an important tool for the analysis of gene function in plants. in vigs, viruses engineered to carry sequences derived from plant gene transcripts activate the host's sequence-specific rna degradation system. this mechanism targets the rnas of the viral genome for degradation, and as the virus contains transcribed plant sequence, homologous host mrnas are also targeted for destruction. while routinely used in some dicots, no vigs system was known for monocot ... | 2005 | 16024691 |
| exploiting genotypic variation in plant nutrient accumulation to alleviate micronutrient deficiency in populations. | more than 2 billion people consume diets that are less diverse than 30 years ago, leading to deficiencies in micronutrients, especially iron (fe), zinc (zn), selenium (se), iodine (i), and also vitamin a. a strategy that exploits genetic variability to breed staple crops with enhanced ability to fortify themselves with micronutrients (genetic biofortification) offers a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional supplementation and fortification programs. this is more likely to reach ... | 2005 | 16028493 |
| fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme for biosynthesis of graminan oligomers in hardened wheat. | fructans play important roles not only as a carbon source for survival under persistent snow cover but also as agents that protect against various stresses in overwintering plants. complex fructans having both beta-(2,1)- and beta-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units accumulate in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during cold hardening. we detected fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-fft; ec 2.4.1.100) activity for catalyzing the formation and extension of beta-(2,1)-linked fructans in hardened wheat ... | 2005 | 16034592 |
| wheat non-specific lipid transfer protein genes display a complex pattern of expression in developing seeds. | nine cdna clones encoding non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) were isolated from triticum aestivum and triticum durum cdna libraries and characterized. one cdna is predicted to encode a type 2 nsltp (7 kda) while others encode type 1 nsltps (9 kda). all encoded proteins contain an n-terminal signal sequence and possess the characteristic features of nsltps. the genomic structures of the wheat nsltp genes show that type 2 taltp7.1a, taltp7.2a and type 1 taltp9.2b genes lack introns whil ... | 2005 | 16061294 |
| mapping a resistance gene in wheat cultivar yangfu 9311 to yellow mosaic virus, using microsatellite markers. | wheat yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (wymv) and transmitted by soil-borne fungus, results in severe damage on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production in china. for development of resistant cultivars to reduce wheat yield losses due to wheat yellow mosaic disease, resistance test and genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene in wheat cultivar yangfu 9311 contributed to the resistance. bulk segregant analysis was used to identify microsatellite ... | 2005 | 16075203 |
| molecular identification of wheat endoxylanase inhibitor taxi-ii and the determinants of its inhibition specificity. | wheat grains contain triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) proteins which inhibit microbial xylanases, some of which are used in cereal based food industries. these inhibitors may play a role in plant defence. among the taxi isoforms described so far, taxi-ii displays a deviating inhibition specificity pattern. here, we report on the molecular identity of taxi-ii and the basis of its inhibition specificity. three candidate taxi-ii encoding sequences were isolated and recombinantly expresse ... | 2005 | 16084833 |
| growth, productivity, and competitiveness of introgressed weedy brassica rapa hybrids selected for the presence of bt cry1ac and gfp transgenes. | concerns exist that transgenic crop x weed hybrid populations will be more vigorous and competitive with crops compared with the parental weed species. hydroponic, glasshouse, and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of introgression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac and green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgenes on hybrid productivity and competitiveness in four experimental brassica rapa x transgenic brassica napus hybrid generations (f1, bc1f1, bc2f1 and bc2f2). the av ... | 2005 | 16101783 |
| changes of anti-oxidative enzymes and mda content under soil water deficits among 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes at maturation stage. | drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. wheat is the staple food for more than 35% of world population, so wheat anti-drought physiology study is of importance to wheat production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace ... | 2005 | 16102947 |
| a qtl located on chromosome 4a associated with dormancy in white- and red-grained wheats of diverse origin. | improved resistance to preharvest sprouting in modern bread wheat (triticum aestivum. l.) can be achieved via the introgression of grain dormancy and would reduce both the incidence and severity of damage due to unfavourable weather at harvest. the dormancy phenotype is strongly influenced by environmental factors making selection difficult and time consuming and this trait an obvious candidate for marker assisted selection. a highly significant quantitative trait locus (qtl) associated with gra ... | 2005 | 16133305 |
| mapping of a major qtl for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance on chromosome 3a in bread wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was conducted for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (phst) in bread wheat for a solitary chromosome 3a, which was shown to be important for this trait in earlier studies. an inter-varietal mapping population in the form of recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from a cross between spr8198 (a phs tolerant genotype) and hd2329 (a phs susceptible cultivar) was used for this purpose. the parents and the ril population were grown in six different environments ... | 2005 | 16133317 |
| genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum to common wheat. | a gene (temporarily designated hdic) conferring resistance to the hessian fly (hf) [mayetiola destructor (say)] was previously identified from an accession of german cultivated emmer wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (schrank ex schübler) thell] pi 94641, and was transferred to the hf-resistant wheat germplasm ks99wgrc42. the inheritance of hdic resistance exhibited incomplete penetrance because phenotypes of some heterozygous progenies are fully resistant and the others are fully susceptib ... | 2005 | 16136351 |
| evidence for the involvement of arabinoxylan and xylanases in refrigerated dough syruping. | the relationship between syruping in refrigerated doughs upon prolonged storage and different aspects of arabinoxylan (ax) hydrolysis was investigated using triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and different xylanases in the dough formula. dough characteristics were evaluated with strong emphasis on the ax population and its fate as a function of storage time. selective reduction of part of the flour endogenous xylanase activity in dough by added taxi reduced dough syruping after 12 and 2 ... | 2005 | 16159195 |
| [identification of an alien chromosome in the common wheat line multi 6r]. | the chromosome of agropyron intermedium (host) beauv. substituting chromosome 6d has been identified in the karyotype of the triticum aestivum l. line multi 6r with the use of c-banding. the alien chromosome, temporarily designated 6ag1, contains gene(s) of the resistance to the saratov population of puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm. f. tritici. it has been demonstrated that the resistance gene(s) is(are) highly efficient and that chromosome 6ag1 is preferably transferred through gametes. | 2005 | 16161629 |
| mutations in wheat starch synthase ii genes and pcr-based selection of a sgp-1 null line. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starch synthase ii, which is also known as starch granule protein 1 (sgp-1), plays a major role in endosperm starch synthesis. the three sgp-1 proteins, sgp-a1, b1 and d1, are produced by three homoeologous ssii genes, wssii-a, b, and d. lines carrying null alleles for each sgp-1 protein have previously been identified. in this report, the mutations occurring in each wssii gene were characterized, and pcr-based dna markers capable of detecting the mutations were deve ... | 2005 | 16172895 |
| expression of transgenic stilbene synthases in wheat causes the accumulation of unknown stilbene derivatives with antifungal activity. | the expression of foreign phytoalexins in a new host is thought to increase fungal resistance, since host-specific pathogens have not experienced selection for detoxifying or metabolising the novel antifungal compounds. two resveratrol synthase genes vst1 and vst2 from grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) and the pinosylvin synthase gene pss from pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were stably transformed into bread wheat. the expression of the target genes is regulated by stress-inducible grapevine promoters. ... | 2005 | 16173460 |
| allelic series of four powdery mildew resistance genes at the pm3 locus in hexaploid bread wheat. | at the pm3 locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), 10 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) are known. a cluster of genes encoding coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat proteins spans the pm3 locus on wheat chromosome 1a, and one member of this gene family has recently been identified as the pm3b resistance gene. using molecular markers closely linked to pm3b, we performed haplotype analysis of 10 lines carrying d ... | 2005 | 16183849 |
| localization of ptr toxa produced by pyrenophora tritici-repentis reveals protein import into wheat mesophyll cells. | the plant pathogenic fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis secretes host-selective toxins (hsts) that function as pathogenicity factors. unlike most hsts that are products of enzymatic pathways, at least two toxins produced by p. tritici-repentis are proteins and, thus, products of single genes. sensitivity to these toxins in the host is conferred by a single gene for each toxin. to study the site of action of ptr toxa (toxa), toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars we ... | 2005 | 16199615 |
| [activity of lectins of winter wheat seedlings infected with mycoplasma and treated with salicylic acid]. | changes in activity of soluble and cell wall lectins have been revealed in seedlings of winter wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivar mironovskaya 808 after infection with mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii 118. the protective effect of salicylic acid was manifested as negating the bursts of lectin activity induced by mycoplasma infection. | 2005 | 16212262 |
| characteristics of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain. | biochemical properties of a homogenous preparation of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase (tpdo, ec 1.8.4.2) isolated for the first time from mature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain were studied. according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular weight of tpdo is around 167 kd, the enzyme consisting of two subunits of 77 and 73 kd, which differentiates tpdo from known enzymes of sh/ss-metabolism of wheat caryopses. in substrate specificity and enzymatic characteristics (ph ... | 2005 | 16212551 |
| structure of ptr toxa: an rgd-containing host-selective toxin from pyrenophora tritici-repentis. | tan spot of wheat (triticum aestivum), caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, has significant agricultural and economic impact. ptr toxa (toxa), the first discovered proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is produced by certain p. tritici-repentis races and is necessary and sufficient to cause cell death in sensitive wheat cultivars. we present here the high-resolution crystal structure of toxa in two different crystal forms, providing four independent views of the protein. toxa adopts ... | 2005 | 16214901 |
| classification of wheat varieties based on structural features of arabinoxylans as revealed by endoxylanase treatment of flour and grain. | arabinoxylans (ax) are cell wall polysaccharides of complex structure involved in many aspects of wheat flour end uses. the study of the variations of ax structure can lead to the identification of genes involved in their biosynthesis, and thus in the control of the various aspects of grain quality related to their presence. a method is proposed to identify ax variations directly in whole grain by enzymatic degradation. an endoxylanase from trichoderma viride was used to extract ax from a collec ... | 2005 | 16218687 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of wheat edr1 (enhanced disease resistance) gene. | to investigate if there is an edr1 pathway in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a pair of degenerate primers was designed according to the cdnas of arabidopsis thaliana edr1 gene and its homologs were used to isolate edr1 gene homologs from wheat. rt-pcr was conducted on the cdna template synthesized with rna of wheat leaves. a 627-bp cdna fragment representing an edr1 gene (named as taedr1) was isolated (genbank accession number: ay743662). subsequently, the 3050-bp full-length cdna sequence of tae ... | 2005 | 16222089 |
| the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf proteome. | the wheat leaf proteome was mapped and partially characterized to function as a comparative template for future wheat research. in total, 404 proteins were visualized, and 277 of these were selected for analysis based on reproducibility and relative quantity. using a combination of protein and expressed sequence tag database searching, 142 proteins were putatively identified with an identification success rate of 51%. the identified proteins were grouped according to their functional annotations ... | 2005 | 15800971 |
| proton nmr transverse relaxation time and membrane stability in wheat leaves exposed to high temperature shock. | electrolyte leakage from leaves and nmr transverse relaxation time (t2) of leaf water were used to differentiate between heat-tolerant (niaw 845) and susceptible (hd 2428) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. the leaves were exposed to high temperature shock in the range 30 to 55 degrees c and the damage caused, when evaluated by the two approaches was in close agreement. the critical temperature of injury leading to loss of membrane integrity was lower (39.1 degrees c) for susceptible cultiv ... | 2005 | 23923573 |
| spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a source of breadmaking flours and bran naturally enriched in oleic acid and minerals but not phytic acid. | the nutritional value of breadmaking cereal spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is said to be higher than that of common wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare), but this traditional view is not substantiated by scientific evidence. in an attempt to clarify this issue, wholemeal and milling fractions (sieved flour, fine bran, and coarse bran) from nine dehulled spelt and five soft winter wheat samples were compared with regard to their lipid, fatty acid, and mineral contents. in addition, tocop ... | 2005 | 15796621 |
| effects of interactions between cadmium and zinc on phytochelatin and glutathione production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | it has been proposed that phytochelatins (pcs) act as a biomarker for the evaluation of metal toxicity. little attention has been paid to the effects on metal combinations and glutathione (gsh), the most abundant cellular thiol. in the present study the effects of interactions between cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) on pc and gsh production were examined in wheat tissue over 14 days' exposure. the results showed that the presence of zn alleviated cd toxicity, accompanied by a reduction of cd uptake. ... | 2005 | 15793816 |
| the identification of foam-forming soluble proteins from wheat (triticum aestivum) dough. | proteomic methods have been used to identify foam-forming soluble proteins from dough that may play an important role in stabilising gas bubbles in dough, and hence influence the crumb structure of bread. proteins from a soluble fraction of dough (dough liquor) or dough liquor foam have been separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 42 identified using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and quadrupole-time of flight analyses. major polypeptide ... | 2005 | 15789342 |
| development of snp assays for genotyping the puroindoline b gene for grain hardness in wheat using pyrosequencing. | grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of cultivated bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and has been reported to result from either a failure to express puroindoline a (pina) or single-nucleotide mutations in puroindoline b (pinb). up to now, seven alleles from pinb-d1a to pinb-d1g were identified in bread wheat. compared to the dna coding region of pinb-d1a (allele for softness), six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in six alleles for pinb-d1. in ... | 2005 | 15769137 |
| oxidative stress and phytochelatin characterisation in bread wheat exposed to cadmium excess. | in this work, we first investigated if the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. albimonte can be defined as "shoot cadmium excluder"--by comparing the cadmium (cd) content in leaves and roots and by calculating the shoot-to-root cd concentration ratio. furthermore, we evaluated if the exposure to cd excess could generate oxidative stress in leaves and roots of this cv., in terms of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulation, nad(p)h oxidation rate, and variations in reduced glutathione (gsh) co ... | 2005 | 15763665 |
| prediction of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper availability to wheat in contaminated soils using chemical speciation, diffusive gradients in thin films, extraction, and isotopic dilution techniques. | to predict the availability of metals to plants, it is important to understand both solution- and solid-phase processes in the soil, including the kinetics of metal release from its binding agent (ligand and/or particle). the present study examined the speciation and availability of zn, cd, pb, and cu in a range of well-equilibrated metal-contaminated soils from diverse sources using several techniques as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in 13 ... | 2005 | 15758102 |
| synaptic behaviour of hexaploid wheat haploids with different effectiveness of the diploidizing mechanism. | haploids of three cultivars of triticum aestivum (thatcher, chris, and chinese spring) were obtained from crosses with zea mays. the level of chromosome pairing at metaphase i and the synaptic behaviour at prophase i was studied. there were differences in the meiotic behaviour of the haploids from different cultivars. thatcher and chris haploids had significantly higher levels of pairing at metaphase i than chinese spring haploids. this metaphase i pairing was correlated with higher levels of sy ... | 2005 | 15753579 |
| chromosome organization in wheat endosperm and embryo. | we have analysed the chromosome organization in endosperm and embryo of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), in order to compare these tissues with developing anthers, in which the centromeres associate, and the developing root xylem vessel cells, in which the chromosomes endoreduplicate to become polytene and associate via their centromeres. both endosperm and embryo showed a typical rabl configuration and a degree of non-homologous centromere association and the endosperm also showed extensive ... | 2005 | 15753574 |
| biomonitoring of air pollution in a seasonally dry tropical suburban area using wheat transplants. | air pollution has been identified as a serious problem throughout the world which causes tremendous loss to the crops by affecting plant growth and yield. earlier, air pollution was restricted to urban and industrial regions. over the last few decades, however, it has become evident that pollutants can be transported over long distances and hence their impact may be felt widely over rural areas. the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution on suburban agriculture ... | 2005 | 15736874 |
| a new intervarietal linkage map and its application for quantitative trait locus analysis of "gigas" features in bread wheat. | a doubled-haploid (dh) population from an intervarietal cross between the japanese cultivar 'fukuho-komugi' and the israeli wheat line 'oligoculm' was produced by means of wheat x maize crosses. one hundred seven dh lines were genotyped to construct a simple sequence repeat (ssr) based linkage map with rflp, rapd, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers. out of 570 loci genotyped, 330 were chosen based on their positions on the linkage map to create a "framework" map for quantitative trait locu ... | 2005 | 15729398 |
| a high-density genetic map of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from the cross chinese spring x sq1 and its use to compare qtls for grain yield across a range of environments. | a population of 96 doubled haploid lines (dhls) was prepared from f1 plants of the hexaploid wheat cross chinese spring x sq1 (a high abscisic acid-expressing breeding line) and was mapped with 567 rflp, aflp, ssr, morphological and biochemical markers covering all 21 chromosomes, with a total map length of 3,522 cm. although the map lengths for each genome were very similar, the d genome had only half the markers of the other two genomes. the map was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qt ... | 2005 | 15719212 |
| partial sequences of nitrogen metabolism genes in hexaploid wheat. | our objective was to partially sequence genes controlling nitrogen metabolism in wheat species in order to find sequence polymorphism that would enable their mapping. primers were designed for nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase (gogat), and gene fragments were amplified on triticum aestivum, t. durum, t. monococcum, t. speltoides and t. tauschii. we obtained more than 8 kb of gene sequences, mainly as coding regions (60%). polymorphism was quanti ... | 2005 | 15714330 |
| alteration of the embryo transcriptome of hexaploid winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. mercia) during maturation and germination. | grain dormancy and germination are areas of biology that are of considerable interest to the cereal community. we have used a 9,155-feature wheat unigene cdna microarray resource to investigate changes in the wheat embryo transcriptome during late grain development and maturation and during the first 48 h of postimbibition germination. in the embryo 392 mrnas accumulated by twofold or greater over the time course from 21 days postanthesis (dpa) to 40 dpa and on through 1 and 2 days postgerminati ... | 2005 | 15714317 |
| [on antimutagenesis mechanism in plants]. | the effect of nitrosylmethylurea (nmu) on the mitotic index and the frequency of cells with aberrations, as well as the effects of pre- and posttreatment with antioxidant ambiol on the nmu effects were studied on seedlings of common winter wheat triticum aestivum, cultivar moskovskaya 39. both pre- and posttreatment with ambiol resulted in antimutagenic effect but after posttreatment, the effect was lower. irrespective of type of seedling treatment with ambiol and the time of their fixation (45, ... | 2005 | 15977820 |
| investigation on dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes during two vegetative-growth stages at water deficits. | drought is a worldwide problem, seriously influencing plant (crop) productivity. wheat is a stable food for 35% of the world population, and moreover, about 60% of land area on the globe belongs to arid and semiarid zone. wheat drought resistance is a multi-gene controlling quantitative character and wheat final production in field is realized mainly by physiological regulation under the condition of multi-environmental factor interaction. exploring drought resistance physiological mechanisms fo ... | 2005 | 15975772 |
| molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat. | opportunities exist for replacing reduced height (rht) genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b with alternative dwarfing genes for bread wheat improvement. in this study, the chromosomal locations of several height-reducing genes were determined by screening populations of recombinant inbred lines or doubled haploid lines varying for plant height with microsatellite markers. linked markers were found for rht5 (on chromosome 3bs), rht12 (5al) and rht13 (7bs), which accounted for most of the phenotypic variance ... | 2005 | 15968526 |
| microgravity does not alter plant stand gas exchange of wheat at moderate light levels and saturating co2 concentration. | plant stand gas exchange was measured nondestructively in microgravity during the photosynthesis experiment subsystem testing and operations experiment conducted onboard the international space station. rates of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis measured in space were compared with ground controls to determine if microgravity directly affects whole-stand gas exchange of triticum aestivum. during six 21-day experiment cycles, evapotranspiration was determined continuously from water addition ... | 2005 | 15968511 |
| probing the cell wall heterogeneity of micro-dissected wheat caryopsis using both active and inactive forms of a gh11 xylanase. | the external envelope of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l. cv. isengrain) is a natural composite whose tissular and cellular heterogeneity constitute a significant barrier for enzymatic cell wall disassembly. to better understand the way in which the cell wall network and tissular organization hamper enzyme penetration, we have devised a strategy based on in situ visualization of an active and an inactive form of a xylanase in whole-wheat bran and in three micro-dissected layers (the outer bran, ... | 2005 | 15965663 |
| selective transport of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium in the root system and transfer to the leaves in young wheat plants. | the uptake, translocation and redistribution of the heavy metals zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium are relevant for plant nutrition as well as for the quality of harvested plant products. the long-distance transport of these heavy metals within the root system and the release to the shoot in young wheat (triticum aestivum 'arina') plants were investigated. | 2005 | 15965269 |
| [fragment length polymorphism of wx-b1 gene digested by bamhi and its relation to amylose content of wheat]. | there are two types of starch, amylose and amylopectin of flour. amylose content (ac) is significantly negatively correlated with noodle quality. the waxy gene (wx) encodes the granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, ec 3.4.1.11), or wx protein, is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in wheat. common wheat is allohexaploid, it has three different wx proteins: wx-a1, wx-b1, and wx-d1. consequently, amylose content and pasting properties of starch were influenced by the lack of the wx-b1 protein ... | 2005 | 15961901 |
| analysis of recombination and gene distribution in the 2l1.0 region of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | both wheat and barley belong to tribe triticeae and are closely related. high-density detailed comparison of physical and genetic linkage maps revealed that wheat genes are present in physically small gene-rich regions (grrs). one of the largest grrs is located around fraction length 1.0 of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes termed the "2l1.0 region." the main objective of this study was to analyze the structural and functional organization of the 2l1.0 region in barley in co ... | 2005 | 15953539 |
| isolation and expression analysis of genes encoding dna methyltransferase in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | dna methylation of cytosine residues, catalyzed by dna methyltransferases, is suggested to play important roles in regulating gene expression and plant development. in this study, we isolated four wheat cdna fragments and one cdna with open reading frame encoding putative dna methyltransferase and designated tamet1, tamet2a, tamet2b, tacmt, tamet3, respectively. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis suggested that five cdnas belonged to four classes (dnmt1, dnmt2, cmt and dnmt3) of dna methy ... | 2005 | 15946751 |
| some structural properties of plant serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase? | the structural properties of photorespiratory serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases (sgat, ec 2.6.1.45) from maize (zea mays l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were examined. by means of molecular sieving on zorbax se-250 column and filtration through centrifugal filters it was shown that dimers of wheat enzyme (molecular mass of about 90 kda) dissociate into component monomers (molecular mass of about 45 kda) upon decrease in ph value (from 9.1 or 7.0 to 6.5). at ph 9.1 a 50-fold decreas ... | 2005 | 15940352 |
| changes in spectral reflectance of wheat leaves in response to specific macronutrient deficiency. | in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants, deficiency of an essential element may drastically affect growth, appearance, and most importantly yield. wheat, the focus of this study, is one of the crops studied in the celss program. information about nutrient deficiencies in crops grown in controlled environment is essential to optimize food productivity. the main objective of this study was to determine whether deficiency of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), calcium (ca) and magnesium (m) ... | 2005 | 15934211 |
| introgression of the haynaldia villosa genome into gamma-ray-induced asymmetric somatic hybrids of wheat. | to study the effect of gamma-ray treatment on donor and derived somatic hybrids, we carried out gamma-ray donor treatment experiments with a wide range of gamma-ray dosages and asymmetric somatic hybridization between protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. jinan 177) and protoplasts of haynaldia villosa schur. treated with different dosages of gamma-rays (40, 60 and 80 gy, respectively). we first screened the putative hybrids by isozyme analysis, followed by characterization of nuclear and o ... | 2005 | 15933881 |
| 137cs-uptake into wheat (triticum vulgare) plants from five representative soils of bangladesh. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the uptake of 137cs by wheat grown in five representative soils of bangladesh having different soil characteristics. artificial application of 137cs increased the activity in soils up to 45.9 bq/kg soil, measured at the end of the harvest of wheat crop. different plant parts had different ability to accumulate 137cs. grains had the least activity and transfer factor, while the highest activity and lowest transfer factor were measured in roots, which restri ... | 2005 | 15931978 |
| organic acid secretion as a mechanism of aluminium resistance: a model incorporating the root cortex, epidermis, and the external unstirred layer. | the resistance of some plants to al (aluminium or aluminum) has been attributed to the secretion of al(3+)-binding organic acid (oa) anions from the al-sensitive root tips. evidence for the 'oa secretion hypothesis' of resistance is substantial, but the mode of action remains unknown because the oa secretion appears to be too small to reduce adequately the activity of al(3+) at the root surface. in this study a mechanism for the reduction of al(3+) at the root surface and just beneath the epider ... | 2005 | 15928019 |
| lmw-gs genes in agropyron elongatum and their potential value in wheat breeding. | to study the usefulness of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) of agropyron elongatum (host) nevski to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) quality improvement, we characterized lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum. nine lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum, which were named ael1 to ael9, were cloned by genomic pcr. after sequencing, we obtained complete open reading frames from ael2 to ael8 and partial genes of ael1 and ael9. all nine sequences are homoeologous to those of wheat and related grasses. compar ... | 2005 | 15926075 |
| genetic and in silico comparative mapping of the polyphenol oxidase gene in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) are involved in the time-dependent darkening and discolouration of asian noodles and other wheat end products. in this study, a doubled haploid (dh) population derived from chara (moderately high ppo activity)/ww2449 (low ppo activity) was screened for ppo activity based on l-dopa and l-tyrosine assays using whole seeds. both these assays were significantly genetically correlated (r = 0.91) in measuring the ppo activity in this dh population. quantitative trait loci (q ... | 2005 | 15918034 |
| molecular characterization of durum and common wheat recombinant lines carrying leaf rust resistance (lr19) and yellow pigment (y) genes from lophopyrum ponticum. | chromosome 7e from lophopyrum ponticum carries a valuable leaf rust resistant gene designated lr19. this gene has not been widely used in common wheat breeding because of linkage with the yellow pigment gene y. this gene tints flour yellow, reducing its appeal in bread making. however, a high level of yellow pigment is desirable in durum wheat breeding. we produced 97 recombinant chromosomes between l. ponticum transfer 7d.7e#1 and its wheat homoeologues, using the ph1b mutation that promotes ho ... | 2005 | 15912342 |
| effects of exogenous organic chelators on phytochelatins production and its relationship with cadmium toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under cadmium stress. | phytochelatins (pcs) have been proposed as a potential biomarker for metal toxicity. in this study, cadmium (cd) toxicity, pcs production and their relationship in wheat under cd stress were examined using various exogenous organic chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. single cd stress produced strong toxic effects, as indicated by decreases of growth parameters, high level of lipid peroxidation in leaf and overproduction of pcs in root. exogenous organic chelators with proper dose more or less ... | 2005 | 15910898 |
| evolution of the indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus hordeum: distribution of gramine and diboa and isolation of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes from hordeum lechleri. | two indole alkaloids with defense related functions are synthesized in the genus hordeum of the triticeae. gramine (3(dimethyl-amino-methyl)-indole) is found in h. spontaneum and in some varieties of h. vulgare, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (diboa) is detected in h. roshevitzii, h. brachyantherum, h. flexuosum, h. lechleri. biosynthesis of diboa and of gramine was found to be mutually exclusive in wild hordeum species, indicating that there was selection against si ... | 2005 | 15907959 |
| physical molecular maps of wheat chromosomes. | in bread wheat, a set of 527 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were tried on 164 deletion lines, leading to a successful mapping of 270 ssrs on 313 loci covering all 21 chromosomes. a maximum of 119 loci (38%) were located on b subgenome, and a minimum of 90 loci (29%) mapped on d subgenome. similarly, homoeologous group 7 carried a maximum of 61 loci (19%), and group 4 carried a minimum of 22 loci (7%). of the cited 270 ssrs, 39 had multiple loci, but only eight of these detected homoeologous loci ... | 2005 | 15902544 |
| ssr allelic diversity changes in 480 european bread wheat varieties released from 1840 to 2000. | a sample of 480 bread wheat varieties originating from 15 european geographical areas and released from 1840 to 2000 were analysed with a set of 39 microsatellite markers. the total number of alleles ranged from 4 to 40, with an average of 16.4 alleles per locus. when seven successive periods of release were considered, the total number of alleles was quite stable until the 1960s, from which time it regularly decreased. clustering analysis on nei's distance matrix between these seven temporal gr ... | 2005 | 15887038 |
| a candidate autonomous version of the wheat mite hikkoshi is present in the rice genome. | a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite), designated as hikkoshi, was previously identified in the null wx-a1 allele of turkish bread wheat lines. this mite is 165 bp in size and has 12-bp terminal inverted repeats (tirs) flanked by 8-bp target site duplications (tsds). southern and pcr analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple copies of hikkoshi in the wheat genome. database searches indicated that hikkoshi mites are also present in barley, rice and maize. a 3.4-kb element t ... | 2005 | 15883824 |
| inheritance of seed dormancy in tibetan semi-wild wheat accession q1028. | tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao) is one of the chinese endemic hexaploid wheat genetic resources, distributed only in the qinghai-xizang plateau of china. it has special characters, such as a hulled glume and spike disarticulation. however, seed dormancy, another important character for wheat resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, was rarely reported. seed dormancy of more than 10 tibetan semi-wild wheat accessions was evaluated, and their germinations were 0% or nea ... | 2005 | 15876680 |
| towards a generic architectural model of tillering in gramineae, as exemplified by spring wheat (triticum aestivum). | this paper presents an architectural model of wheat (triticum aestivum), designed to explain effects of light conditions at the individual leaf level on tillering kinetics. various model variables, including blade length and curvature, were parameterized for spring wheat, and compared with winter wheat and other gramineae species. the architectural model enables simulation of plant properties at the level of individual organs. parameterization was based on data derived from an outdoor experiment ... | 2005 | 15869643 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis as a tool to evaluate the mode of action of chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | augmentation of wheat production calls for introduction of wheat hybrids in cultivation. in the absence of viable alternative technology of hybrid wheat development, chemical induction of male sterility mediated technology based on chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds a great potential. the qsar method was applied to two families of chas in the n-acylanilines and pyridone class of chemistry. the models for each cha family gave good correlation between the variations in log percent of male st ... | 2005 | 15853389 |
| [effects of root-applied glycinebetaine on the composition and function of wheat thylakoid membrane under drought stress]. | two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), hf9703 tolerant to drought and sn215953 sensitive to drought, were used to study the effects of glycinebetaine on the composition and function of thylakoid membrane. the wheat seedlings with two leaves were pretreated with hoagland solution containing 1.5 mmol/l glycinebetaine (gb) for 72 h, then cultured with hoagland solution containing 15% peg-6000 for 48 h. the seedling leaves were used for mensuration. the results indicated that the chlorophyll, m ... | 2005 | 15840931 |
| changes in the cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase during flag leaf senescence in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in order to improve our understanding of the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and recycling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), we studied the localization of plastidic (gs2) and cytosolic (gs1) glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during natural senescence of the flag leaf and in the stem. in mature flag leaves, large amounts of gs1 were detected in the connections between the mestome sheath cells and the vascular cells, suggesting an active transfer of nitrogen ... | 2005 | 15840646 |
| molecular characterization of new waxy mutants identified in bread and durum wheat. | recently, electrophoretic analyses of waxy proteins in several hexaploid and tetraploid wheat accessions from worldwide collections have permitted the identification of new variants at the waxy loci, including allelic forms with different mobilities and partial null types. in this paper, the molecular characterization of mutated waxy loci in four bread wheat cultivars (two lacking the wx-b1 and two lacking the wx-d1 protein, respectively) and in four durum wheat cultivars (one lacking wx-a1 and ... | 2005 | 15834696 |
| characterization of a jasmonate-regulated wheat protein related to a beta-glucosidase-aggregating factor. | jasmonates are distributed throughout higher plants, where they play an important role in the activation of signal transduction pathways in response to wounding and pathogen attack. jasmonates are known to induce the transcriptional activation of plant defense genes, produce jasmonate-regulated proteins (jrp). one class of 32 kda jrp (designated as jrp-32 in this paper) is present in the gramineae family, although the function of these proteins is still unclear. a cdna was cloned from wheat (tri ... | 2005 | 15820667 |
| mitotic instability in wheat x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives revealed by chromosome counting, nuclear dna content and histone h3 phosphorylation pattern. | to evaluate the mitotic stability of triticum aestivum x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives (bc(2)f(7) and bc(2)f(5) doubled haploids), chromosome counting by both conventional and immunostaining techniques, and measurement of dna content were performed. the wheat progenitor line, pf 839197, the wheat recurrent parent cep 19 and the control chinese spring were also investigated. in the hybrid derivatives, chromosome number ranged from 2n=36 to 60, with a predominance of chromosome numbers higher th ... | 2005 | 15812661 |
| phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils amended with lignin as micro-fertilizer. | lignin is a primary byproduct from the black liquor treatment in paper making industries, its application as micro-fertilizer in agricultural land might provide a promising alternative to sewage discharge. however, application of such a micro-fertilizer might affect the soil properties and result in soil pollution. in this study, the effects of lignin application on phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils were investigated. greenhouse experiments showed that lignin appl ... | 2005 | 16089340 |
| effects of a soil conditioner on some physical and biological features of soils: results from a greenhouse study. | a soil amendment substance-organic bio-stimulator, terralyt plus (tp), was used to observe its impact on the properties of clay loam (cl), sandy clay loam (scl) and sandy loam (sl) soils and the growth of corn (zea mays indentata l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum ssp./vulgare vill. v. lutescens) under greenhouse conditions. the diluted tp solutions (1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000) were sprayed onto the soil surfaces. the wheat growth increased for cl and scl with the application of tp at 1:1000. the hi ... | 2005 | 16084376 |
| the transcript composition of egg cells changes significantly following fertilization in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | here, we report the transcript profile of wheat egg cells and proembryos, just after the first cell division. microdissected female gametophytes of wheat were used to isolate eggs and two-celled proembryos to construct cell type-specific cdna libraries. in total, 1197 expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated. analysis of these ests revealed numerous novel transcripts. in egg cells, 17.6% of the clustered ests represented novel transcripts, while 11.4% novel clusters were identified in the t ... | 2005 | 15703054 |
| distribution and remobilization of iron and copper in wheat. | the amount of iron (fe) and copper (cu) that is loaded into grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) depends on both the amount of nutrient taken up by the plant post-anthesis and the amount that is remobilized from vegetative organs as they senesce. previous reports have shown that these two micronutrients behave quite differently in wheat in that cu is readily remobilized to the grain whilst fe shows poor remobilization. the object was to quantify the distribution of fe and cu in wheat and to show ... | 2005 | 15701664 |
| [variation of betaine and proline contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress]. | glycine betaine (gb) and proline contents of leaf and root were simultaneously determined by hplc-esi-ms at seedling stage in the three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties (salt tolerance from high to low), sw12, ningchun no.4 and chinese spring (c.s) under 5 different salt stress levels. the gb contents among sw12, ningchun no.4 and c.s were found outstanding difference by anova (p<0.01) and consistent with salt tolerance in wheat. proline contents were not different among 3 wheat varieties ... | 2005 | 15692186 |
| [functional analysis of vernalization-related gene ver17 in flower development using antisense rna strategy in winter wheat]. | to understand the function of vernalization-related gene ver17 in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jingdong no.1), an antisense rna strategy was used. the antisense ver17 with a vector pbi121 was constructed and transformed into winter wheat by using the pollen-tube-pathway method. fourteen independent transgenic plants transformed with antisense ver17 and five control transformants transformed with pbi121 blank vector were obtained and confirmed by gus histochemical assay and pcr-southern ... | 2005 | 15692181 |
| wheat genetic diversity trends during domestication and breeding. | it has been claimed that plant breeding reduces genetic diversity in elite germplasm which could seriously jeopardize the continued ability to improve crops. the main objective of this study was to examine the loss of genetic diversity in spring bread wheat during (1) its domestication, (2) the change from traditional landrace cultivars (lcs) to modern breeding varieties, and (3) 50 years of international breeding. we studied 253 cimmyt or cimmyt-related modern wheat cultivars, lcs, and triticum ... | 2005 | 15690175 |
| large deletions within the first intron in vrn-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat. | the broad adaptability of wheat and barley is in part attributable to their flexible growth habit, in that spring forms have recurrently evolved from the ancestral winter growth habit. in diploid wheat and barley growth habit is determined by allelic variation at the vrn-1 and/or vrn-2 loci, whereas in the polyploid wheat species it is determined primarily by allelic variation at vrn-1. dominant vrn-a1 alleles for spring growth habit are frequently associated with mutations in the promoter regio ... | 2005 | 15690172 |