Publications

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during cyclosporine therapy for ulcerative colitis.		1992	1625744
macroepidemiology of the hivs-aids (haids) pandemic. insufficiently considered zoological and geopolitical aspects.	the human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or haids pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in africa. the haids patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. the haids infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the african urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. the latter included wars ...	1992	1626879
atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually presents with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, many other roentgenographic presentations occur in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. to clarify the determinants of atypical presentations of pcp, we evaluated 65 english-language reports that related the roentgenographic manifestations of consecutive cases of pcp. the incidence of pcp-associated upper lobe disease, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraxes was increased in ...	1992	1627019
effectiveness of low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal and/or pancreas transplantation.	we retrospectively examined the effectiveness of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in recipients of kidney and combined kidney-pancreas transplants between 1985 and 1989. cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (480 mg daily or 300 mg/m2), when used, was started within 2 months after transplantation and usually continued until 6 months after surgery. eight (3.7%) of the 214 patients who were not given prophylaxis were infected with pneumocystis carinii, and there were ...	1992	1627244
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: diagnostic yield of induced sputum and immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (is), assessing the reliability of indirect immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies (ifmoab) and methenamine silver (met-ag) and analysing factors likely to influence the sensitivity of these techniques. an analysis was prospectively carried out on is specimens collected from 61 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during 69 episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ultrasonic ...	1992	1628723
[pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 japanese autopsy cases with aids].	the pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of japanese patients with aids. the major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. the pathogens identified were as follows; pneumocystis carinii (pc) in 10, cytomegalovirus (cmv) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. pc pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. in such patients, the lung were heavy and ...	1992	1630037
clinical manifestations, management and therapy of hiv infection in children.	perinatal infection accounts for the majority of cases of hiv infection in children both in developed and developing countries. transmission may occur in utero, intrapartum or postpartum as a result of breast-feeding. the actual risk of transmission through breast-feeding is unknown. the majority of infants reported to be infected through breast milk have been infected as a result of a recently acquired hiv infection in the mother. infants with hiv infection frequently present with clinical symp ...	1992	1633655
pneumocystis carinii infection. 1973.		1992	1635440
treatment of aids-related bronchopleural fistula by pleurectomy.	spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may require prolonged therapy for treatment of a persistent bronchopleural fistula, and treatment by standard methods often fails. this pilot study was done to test the effectiveness of aggressive surgical therapy for definitive treatment of persistent bronchopleural fistula in patients with aids. between march 1989 and september 1991, 44 patients with aids were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax with closed tu ...	1992	1637207
g-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of aids patients.	aids clinical trial group randomized trial 002 compared the effect of high-dose with low-dose 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (azt) on the survival of aids patients. embedded within the trial was an essentially uncontrolled observational study of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on survival. in this paper, we estimate the causal effect of prophylaxis therapy on survival by using the method of g-estimation to estimate the parameters of a structural nested failure time ...	1992	1637895
sequence and variability of the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii.	the sequence of the coding region of the rrna operon of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii has been completed, including the genes for 5.8s and 26s rrna. these genes show homology to the rrna genes of yeast, and an apparent group i self-splicing intron is present in the 26s rrna gene. like a similar intron in the 16s rrna gene, this intron is in a phylogenetically conserved region. variation in the 26s rrna sequence was noted between p. carinii organisms isolated from two different sources.	1992	1641341
crystal structure of a pentamidine-oligonucleotide complex: implications for dna-binding properties.	the crystal structure of the complex formed between the dodecanucleotide d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and the drug pentamidine, which is active against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in aids patients, has been determined to a resolution of 2.1 a and an r-factor of 19.4%. analysis of the structure has shown the drug to be bound in the 5'-aatt minor groove region of the duplex, with the amidinium groups h-bonded to adenine n3 atoms in an interstrand manner. the drug molecule adopts an extended conformation ...	1992	1643044
tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. how often does it mimic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?	adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is recommended for selected human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because corticosteroids may exacerbate undiagnosed tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency with which tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients mimics p carinii pneumonia. over a 12-month period, we identified 105 hiv-infected patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and 84 patients with p carinii pneumonia who were sufficiently hypoxemic ...	1992	1643927
bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in aids patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. association with a lower dco prior to receiving aerosolized pentamidine.	we have administered aerosolized pentamidine (ap) to 48 aids patients for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pentamidine 60 mg was administered by ultrasonic nebulization (fisoneb) five times during the first two weeks and then every two weeks. the mean follow-up was 343 +/- 22 days. pcp recurred in ten patients, 297 +/- 33 days after starting ap therapy. all responded to anti-pneumocystis therapy but two patients died of unrelated reasons (20 percent mortality). five ...	1992	1643939
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after 40 years.	forty years ago, pneumocystis carinii was identified by czech researchers j. vanĕk and o. jírovec as the causative agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in infants. at present, it is the commonest pulmonary pathogen in aids patients. this review summarizes the experience and latest data on the etiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of p. carinii pneumonia.	1992	1644483
continuous positive airway pressure by face mask or mechanical ventilation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	we reviewed the records of 44 patients with aids who had 45 episodes of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while 9 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation (mv) on admission, continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) by face mask was the initial measure in 36 episodes. there were 25 patients managed with cpap alone, 23 of whom survived. among the reasons for delayed intubation and mv (11 patients) was that treatment failure was strongly associated with non-survival, sin ...	1992	1644963
pneumocystosis.	in much of the world, pneumocystosis remains the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection among patients with hiv disease. the infection is caused by pneumocystis carinii--an organism whose identity as a fungus or parasite is still debated. what is no longer debated, after a decade of aids, is that pneumocystosis is almost entirely preventable and eminently treatable. understanding has improved concerning when prophylaxis should be initiated. it is also recognized that, at least with ...	1992	1727534
quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the medical outcomes study instrument.	to assess the reliability and validity of the medical outcomes study (mos) short form health survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).	1992	1727616
chest manifestations of aids.	chest radiographs, computed tomography and gallium scanning are useful in diagnosing the pulmonary manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. most opportunistic infections in patients with aids affect the lung as the primary target organ. bilateral perihilar or basilar interstitial infiltrates, which may progress to the ground-glass appearance of adult respiratory distress syndrome, are commonly seen in cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. unilateral or miliary infiltrates and cav ...	1992	1728087
upper lobe pulmonary parenchymal calcification in a patient with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia receiving aerosolized pentamidine.	in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii infection occurring during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis, roentgenographic findings may be atypical. pulmonary parenchymal calcification due to p carinii is rare. in this case, extensive upper lobe pulmonary parenchymal, splenic, and nodal calcifications occurred after two years of monthly treatments with aerosolized pentamidine.	1992	1729082
eflornithine treatment of refractory pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	eflornithine was offered as compassionate treatment of 33 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 31 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were intolerant of and/or unresponsive to conventional trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine therapy. a full course of eflornithine consisted of ten days at 400 mg/kg/d but no more than 30 g/d in four divided intravenous doses, four days at 300 mg/kg/d in four divided intravenous doses, and then up to six weeks at 300 mg/kg/d in fo ...	1992	1729113
high incidence of bronchospasm with regular administration of aerosolized pentamidine.	a systematic evaluation of changes in pulmonary status by objective spirometric assessment and subjective rating using visual analog scale was performed in a cohort of 134 patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine (ap) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. significant bronchospasm defined as greater than or equal to 15 percent reduction in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s was noted in 26 of 100 (26 percent) of patients receiving ap alone. despite the use of salbutamol (albute ...	1992	1729115
deposition of aerosolized pentamidine and failure of pneumocystis prophylaxis.	to determine if outcome of pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis is related to total lung dose of aerosolized pentamidine.	1992	1729117
pneumocystis carinii induces an oxidative burst in alveolar macrophages.	there is evidence that alveolar macrophages (am) play a role in the clearing of pneumocystis carinii from the lungs. to investigate the mechanisms involved in this process, we studied in vitro the induction of an oxidative burst by p. carinii in a cell line of macrophages (nr8383) and am from normal rats. p. carinii was added to macrophage monolayers (10(6) cells), and the h2o2 produced after 4 h of incubation was measured. both nr8383 macrophages and normal rat am produced h2o2 in response to p ...	1992	1729174
critical care of patients with aids.	we sought to review the clinical and ethical issues surrounding critical care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	1992	1729577
pneumonia. patient profiles, choice of empiric therapy, and the place of third-generation cephalosporins.	choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients with pneumonia requires knowledge of the etiologic agents seen in specific kinds of patients at specific times and places. for community-acquired pneumonia, there is an important difference in the agents seen in the normal and the compromised host. the normal host most often presents with viral, mycoplasmal, or pneumococcal pneumonia. the exact place of chlamydia pneumoniae is still under study. a normal host who aspirates is at risk of ana ...	1992	1730186
host species-specific antigenic variation of a mannosylated surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii.	all pneumocystis carinii, irrespective of their host of origin, express an abundant mannosylated surface glycoprotein. while this molecule is commonly referred to as gp120, some variation in the size of this molecule has been noted. monoclonal antibodies produced to this molecule from ferret, mouse, rat, and human p. carinii made it possible to distinguish the glycoprotein from p. carinii of each host by immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. the glycoprotein varied in size (approxim ...	1992	1730900
technetium-99m-dtpa aerosol and gallium-67 scanning in pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	we retrospectively compared the results of 67ga chest scans and 99mtc-dtpa aerosol clearance measurements with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 88 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. of 100 investigations, a pulmonary infection was diagnosed in 39, mainly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a noninfectious disorder was found in 42, mainly kaposi's sarcoma and lymphocytic alveolitis. gallium scans and dtpa clearance were abnormal respectively in 74% and 92% of infectious co ...	1992	1731002
the effect of antiviral therapy on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of hemophiliacs.	the antiviral drug zidovudine (zdv) slows progression to aids and improves survival after aids diagnosis. although clinical trials have demonstrated early improvement in cd4 lymphocyte number with zdv, long-term effects of zdv on cd4 in advanced and asymptomatic disease are not well known. the purpose of this study was to quantitate the effect of zdv on the natural history of hiv infection, specifically the type and frequency of new aids cases, aids-free survival, survival after aids, and long-t ...	1992	1732503
autopsy findings in hiv-infected inner-city patients.	to assess the importance of the autopsy in hiv-1 infection, we retrospectively reviewed the autopsy reports of 70 hiv-1-seropositive patients at howard university hospital. of the 58 patients with aids, the diagnosis of aids was made after autopsy in 24 (41%) cases. the lung was the most common site of aids-diagnostic diseases, and was affected in 90% of patients. pneumocystis carinii infection was the most common aids-diagnostic disease, and was present in 50% of the aids patients. thirty-eight ...	1992	1732504
synthesis, stability, and biological evaluation of water-soluble prodrugs of a new echinocandin lipopeptide. discovery of a potential clinical agent for the treatment of systemic candidiasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp).		1992	1732529
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without aids at a cancer hospital.	to determine the predisposing factors, attack rate by underlying disease, and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at a cancer center.	1992	1732656
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-negative immunosuppressed patients].	during a period of 10 years 129 immunosuppressed hiv-negative patients were evaluated for pulmonary complications. a definite diagnosis could be established in 72 cases (56%): pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (25), pulmonary involvement of underlying disease (10), drug toxicity (8), mycobacterioses (6), bacterial pneumonias (5), aspergillosis (5), others (13). the underlying conditions in patients with pcp were: lymphatic neoplasias (11), immunosuppression after solid organ (9) and after bon ...	1992	1733012
pathology of pentamidine-induced pancreatitis.	extensive acute necrotizing pancreatitis occurred in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had received both aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis and intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the clinical manifestations along with gross and microscopic pathologic findings at autopsy are presented.	1992	1733411
[taenia crassiceps infection in aids].	a 33-year-old patient with aids, and a history of episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cerebral toxoplasmosis, developed a subcutaneous paravertebral infiltrate, which at first resembled a haematoma. over a period of several weeks, the lesion spread to cover almost the entire back. initially, numerous investigations failed to reveal the aetiology. his general condition worsened progressively, and intermittent bleeding into the soft tissue of the back occurred, requiring transfusion. th ...	1992	1733697
high-resolution ct of parenchymal lung disease: precise correlation with histologic findings.	to provide a precise correlation between high-resolution computed tomographic (ct) findings and histologic studies of various parenchymal lung diseases, 20 fixed and inflated lungs were studied as follows: (a) every lung was cut at the corresponding ct level into 1.5-mm-thick sections, (b) selected slices were cut into small blocks to prepare histologic slides, (c) each slide was photographed, and (d) the image of the entire lung section was reconstituted with the enlarged photographs (assembled ...	1992	1734481
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia due to corticosteroids.	a patient receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy for asthma had two episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) 8 years apart. she had no other causes of immunosuppression. experimental evidence indicates that corticosteroid administration causes a reduction in t lymphocytes mediated by suppression of cytokines. corticosteroid therapy is a rare but possible independent predisposition to pcp.	1992	1734541
thoracic magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hiv-1/aids pneumonitis.	magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax was performed on ten occasions in eight hiv-positive patients with a clinical picture suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the diagnosis of pcp was subsequently confirmed on six occasions. patients without pcp had low mri profusion scores, while four of six patients with pcp had mri profusion scores greater than 6/21. neither the chest roentgenogram appearance nor computer-generated t1 and t2 relaxation times could reliably distinguish between th ...	1992	1735257
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease.	four patients with pcp complicating a ctd are described. rising serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were documented during an asymptomatic period associated with corticosteroid dosage tapering, weeks prior to the development of acute pulmonary symptoms. the diagnosis of pcp was established by fob in each patient.	1992	1735258
transmission of tuberculosis to hospital workers by a patient with aids.	a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was admitted to a hospital with cough and fever and after 29 days was transferred to a hospice. he was eventually shown to have active pulmonary tuberculosis. this diagnosis was obscured clinically by simultaneous infection with pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). laboratory recognition of mycobacterium tuberculosis was delayed because of overgrowth of cultures by mac but was later established using dna probe techni ...	1992	1735302
multiplication of human-derived pneumocystis carinii in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice.	clinically healthy scid mice were infected intratracheally with pneumocystis carinii (pc) of human origin. the data obtained provides unambiguous evidence that progressive multiplication of pc organisms of human origin takes place in the lungs of experimentally infected animals. scid mice that were infected with human-derived pc also revealed a markedly greater number of mouse pc organisms in their lungs than the controls. all the scid recipients of human pc died by day 65 post infection, wherea ...	1992	1737579
human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women under care at aids clinical trials centers in the united states.	the federal government supports a nationwide network of medical centers to evaluate promising therapies against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the opportunistic infections and cancers that characterize aids. forty-five obstetricians from the 49 medical centers receiving federal research support for the conduct of aids-related clinical trials, in preparation for a meeting, provided summary information about the number and clinical status of the known hiv-infected pregnant women under ...	1992	1738515
treatment options for human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. obstetric-gynecologic working group of the aids clinical trials group of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases.	the increasing seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among women of reproductive age and the risks of vertical transmission of hiv have led to recommendations for routine prenatal hiv counseling and testing. the incentive to undergo such testing is related not only to fetal concerns, but also to the potential benefit of early and comprehensive therapy for women. treatments that should be considered for use during pregnancy include the antiretroviral agent zidovudine and prophylact ...	1992	1738529
[glucocorticoids and infection].	glucocorticosteroids are the most commonly used immunosuppressive agents. in the following review important mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids on the immunological network are summarized, the relationship between duration of therapy, daily dose and incidence of infections is analysed, and evidence is presented that in some infectious diseases glucocorticoids may even be beneficial. the association between corticosteroid therapy and subsequent infections was calculated by pooling the data fr ...	1992	1738819
why give corticosteroids for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?		1992	1739112
computer-supported versus manually-generated nursing care plans: a comparison of patient problems, nursing interventions, and aids patient outcomes.	the number and type of activated patient problems and the number of nursing interventions in computer-supported and manually-generated nursing care plans for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were compared. there were significantly more activated patient problems (p = 0.005) and nursing interventions (p = 0.002) listed using the computer-supported care planning system. the top ranked problems in both systems were reflective ...	1992	1739883
the pharmacoeconomics of hiv disease.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a major public health problem in all parts of the world. for the united states, federal spending on hiv disease for 1982 to 1989 was $us5.5 billion. projections indicate that aids spending may reach 1.6% of total health expenditures in 1992, while the indirect costs of hiv infection may be 5 times as great as the direct costs. in the developing world, the cost per person with hiv infection may be 0.8- to 9-fold greater than the per capita gross n ...	1992	10147027
measurement of particle and mass distribution of pentamidine aerosol by ultrasonic and air jet nebulizers.	the use of appropriate nebulizers is a major precondition for a successful treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. the apparatus should supply a sufficient amount of pentamidine with adequate particle size. using fisons ultrasonic nebulizer fiso neb, model fzv 40 bamki, de vilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer, porta-sonic, model 8500 gb, and the marquest medical products jet nebulizer respirgard ii, two pentamidine concentrations (300 mg/6 ml and 60 mg/6 ml ...	1992	10147685
using his data for health care research.	the importance of measuring healthcare performance and outcome rapidly grows around the world. as hospital information systems (his) become more commonplace, their use as clinical research tools can be easily developed. this is demonstrated in the article by two examples of clinical outcomes research undertaken on the world's largest his database. the research studies described in the article were on: (1) the effect of hospital 'experience' on inpatient mortality rates for patients with hiv-rela ...	1992	10171244
analysis of pneumocystis carinii antigens by ciep, sds-page and immunoblotting.	pneumocystis carinii (pc) from rabbit and rat lungs were analyzed by counterimmunoelectro-phoresis (ciep), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. in ciep, considerable cross-reactivity was demonstrated using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against the rabbit and the rat-derived pc components. in immunoblotting, both the rat and the rabbit pc antigens also showed reactivity with the two antisera. rabbit-derived pc antigens of about 24-27,39,42-45, 55, 110 and 116 kda were reveal ...	1992	23195346
[characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the san juan de dios general hospital].	a prospective clinical study was conducted between january 1991 and june 1992 of 92 hiv seropositive patients attending the adult outpatient clinic of the san juan de dios general hospital in guatemala city. 52 of the patients met the us centers for disease control clinical criteria for aids. limitations in the diagnostic and laboratory facilities of the hospital hampered identification of some opportunistic infections. 74 of the 92 patients were male. 3 of the 18 infected women gave birth du ...	1992	12290621
[pulmonary manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)].	the lungs are the principal target organ in the infectious complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and this predisposition to infections is not the regional manifestation of systemic immunologic deficiency induced by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) only, because hiv also affects lung's own complex system of local defense mechanisms. it was demonstrated that pulmonary host defenses were compromised by.direct infection of alveolar macrophages with hiv and decreased production ...	1992	18170978
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: the pathogen, the diagnosis and recent advances in management.		1991	18611495
pneumocystis carinii: a review of an important opportunistic pathogen in aids.	since the first report of human infection with pneumocystis carinii in 1942, cases of pneumonia due to this opportunistic pathogen have become increasingly common. animal studies and clinical observations show that a significant depletion or dysfunction of t helper lymphocytes predisposes to clinical disease. individuals with damaged t helper cells secondary to malignancies (eg, hodgkin's lymphoma), drugs (eg, cyclosporine, steroids), or certain infections (eg, human immunodeficiency virus) are ...	1991	22451747
[a patient with aids: infection associated with pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans].	a patient with aids developed pulmonary infiltrates typical of infection by p. carinii. however, therapy for this agent was unsuccessful. further studies including blood cultures revealed the presence of c neoformans. specific therapy for this agent led to recovery. concomitant opportunistic infections may cause diagnostic and therapeutic problems in patients with aids.	1991	9723082
in-vitro interaction of human macrophages with pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis carinii is an important opportunistic pathogen in patients with compromised cell-mediated immunity. t-cell and macrophage function are believed to be of prime importance in defence against this organism. the present ultrastructural study is aimed at the analysis of the interaction between human macrophages and p. carinii in vitro. adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were exposed in vitro to pneumocystis derived from lungs of steroid-treated rats. the ...	1991	1742212
recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ameliorates zidovudine-induced neutropenia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)/aids-related complex.	to evaluate the effect of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc) who were intolerant to zidovudine because of neutropenia, we performed a randomized, open-label study in which patients were assigned to one of two groups. zidovudine was discontinued in group a patients before instituting gm-csf treatment and was restarted in a graduated fashion over 4 weeks. group b patients con ...	1991	1742482
scintigraphic distribution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids treated with prophylactic inhaled pentamidine.		1991	1742934
growth and metabolism of pneumocystis carinii in axenic culture.		1991	1742950
cutaneous ulceration: an unusual complication of intravenous pentamidine therapy.	pentamidine is one of two agents currently used to treat infections with pneumocystis carinii. the intramuscular route of administration is associated with cutaneous side effects such as dermal necrosis, sterile abscesses and ulcer formation at the injection site, while urticaria may develop near the site of intravenous drug infusion. this is a report of a renal transplant patient with pneumocystis pneumonia who developed chemical cellulitis and ulceration following the extravasation of intraven ...	1991	1743388
[pulmonary scintigraphy with gallium-67 in the early detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1991	1745091
impact of treatment guidelines on the use of aerosolized pentamidine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1991	1746581
blastomycosis and opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. an autopsy study.	patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are subject to a host of opportunistic infections, but to our knowledge a predisposition to blastomycosis has not previously been established. autopsies of two patients with aids revealed disseminated blastomycosis with massive pulmonary involvement, blastomyces meningoencephalitis, and widespread dissemination. the massive systemic involvement and rapid terminal course in both cases may reflect the state of acquired immunodeficiency. an an ...	1991	1747031
disseminated pneumocystosis without pulmonary involvement during prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystosis, the most common opportunistic infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is usually restricted to the lungs and results in severe bilateral pneumonia, which is fatal unless vigorously treated. rare cases have been reported in which involvement of other organs or disseminated disease occurred in addition to the pulmonary lesions. pentamidine, an efficient drug used intravenously for the treatment of pulmonary pneumocystosis, has also recently been used in ae ...	1991	1747032
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia causing hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.		1991	1747709
a pilot study of epirubicin and chlorambucil in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll).	in a pilot study of the combination of epirubicin and chlorambucil in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), 10 patients with advanced or progressive disease were treated in four centres. up to a total of 15 courses in individual patients were given. toxicity was relatively mild with nausea due to epirubicin being the most commonly reported side-effect. one patient developed a probable septicemia during a period of neutropenia. in another patient who died from probable pneumocystis ...	1991	1748398
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.	the antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. clinically, it is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of selected infections of the genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is indicated for most nocardia asteroides infections and is the antimicrobial agent of choice for pneumocystis carinii pneum ...	1991	1749295
diagnostic value of lung clearance of 99mtc dtpa compared with other non-invasive investigations in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.	various non-invasive investigations were carried out in patients infected with hiv who had respiratory symptoms with and without pneumocystis pneumonia (with pneumonia, n = 13 (five smokers); without pneumonia, n = 22 (13 smokers]. these included chest radiography; lung function tests (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity; transfer factor and coefficient for carbon monoxide); arterial blood gas tensions; arterial oxygen saturation at rest and on exercise; and lung cleara ...	1991	1750019
cpap, effective respiratory support in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with severe respiratory failure is an increasingly common problem in major centres and is associated with a high mortality in previous and recent studies. early in the epidemic, alternatives to invasive intensive care treatment were utilized in our institution and found to be successful. when respiratory failure developed, mask cpap was used instead of intubation and ventilation. a retrospective review of ...	1991	1750639
pulmonary nocardiosis concurrent with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.	two cases with concomitant pulmonary nocardiosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are described. the first patient developed pneumonia 3 months after heart transplantation while undergoing standard immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisone. the second patient was treated with chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy of the mediastinum for a malignant epithelial tumour. he also received prednisone for paraneoplastic dermatomyositis. chest x-rays of both patients sh ...	1991	1753118
pediatric hiv infection. an update.	human immunodeficiency virus infection is a leading cause of immunodeficiency in children. the epidemic in children parallels that in women since most infected women are in the child-bearing age groups. the risk of vertical transmission of hiv from an infected mother to her infant ranges from 13% to 39%. diagnosis of infection in the infant is complicated by the passive transfer of antibody across the placenta, making the use of standard serologic tests to confirm infection difficult. in childre ...	1991	1753232
[the effect of inhaled pentamidine in the radiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1991	1753825
microculture screening assay for primary in vitro evaluation of drugs against pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis carinii inoculated into 96-well filtration plate assemblies was shown to synthesize radiolabeled folates de novo from [para-3h]aminobenzoic acid ([3h]paba). at the end of each incubation with [3h]paba, a vacuum manifold was used to remove the medium and wash p. carinii. the membrane at the base of each well was dried and punched out, and the level of 3h retained was determined by direct scintillation counting. high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of duplicate filters confirm ...	1991	1759815
cellular and molecular biology of pneumocystis carinii.		1991	1761385
severe combined immune deficiency presenting with cyclic hematopoiesis.	at age 2 months a male infant presented with a cyclic clinical syndrome every 14-21 days that included pharyngeal aphthous ulcers, high fever, lymphadenopathy, pallor, and malaise. serial blood studies indicated cycling of all blood cell elements, compatible with a diagnosis of cyclic hematopoiesis (ch). he also manifested a progressively severe immune deficiency, not described before in human ch. when first studied at age 5 months, he was hypogammaglobulinaemic with normal b lymphocyte numbers. ...	1991	1761643
opportunistic parasitic infections in immunocompromised hosts.	parasitological and serological examination was done for 111 cases with various types of malignancies under immunosuppressive therapy and another 20 apparently healthy individuals as a control group to determine the prevalence of opportunistic parasitic infections among immunocompromised patients. single examination showed that 74 (66.7%) harboured infection with different parasites: strongyloides stercoralis infection was found in 4 (3.64%) cases; 3 cases (2.7%) had pneumocystis carinii infecti ...	1991	1765676
correlation between the level of iga and pneumocystis carinii infection.	sputum examination for detection of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be substituted for more invasive techniques. there was a significant correlation between pcp and the increased level of iga in serum (p less than 0.01) and sputum. the increase in iga level in sputum was much more higher than that in the serum. this supports the concept that local antibody formation by the lung may have a more important role in the immune and inflammatory response to p. carinii.	1991	1765690
lung cavities from pneumocystis carinii in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.	a patient with sle developed pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii. the unusual presentation was the multiple lung cavities. there appeared to be a temporal relationship between the lung infection and reducing steroid intake in this patient.	1991	1765749
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected neonate with meconium aspiration.		1991	1766715
a simple method of separation of pneumocystis carinii from rat lung.	existing methods for purification of pneumocystis carinii are unsatisfactory. dialysis is a simple, non-stressful treatment which aided purification of organisms from rat cells. yields were quantitated using a petroff-hausser chamber and nuclear staining. following dialysis overnight, three times the yields of similar, undialysed preparations were obtained, with less than 0.2% contamination by lung cells. overnight incubation at 4 degrees c also improved separation, but yields were only half tho ...	1991	1768612
pneumocystis carinii in fna of the thyroid.	we report the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii (pc) in a fine-needle aspirate (fna) from the thyroid of a human immunodeficiency virus infected (hiv+) male receiving aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the clinical diagnosis prior to fna was multinodular goiter. the patient did not have pulmonary symptoms nor previous diagnosis of pcp at the time of the aspirate diagnosis. recently, extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii (epc) has been reported with inc ...	1991	1769291
["i don't see medical reasons for a change". dr. h. busch, münster, takes a position on prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. interview by wilma mahler].		1991	1769644
detection of pneumocystis carinii sequences by polymerase chain reaction: animal models and clinical application to noninvasive specimens.	pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic microbe which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with aids. oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify the 5s rdna sequence of p. carinii by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in various clinical and animal samples. of 35 independent lung specimens tested, pcr detected the p. carinii sequence in all 23 cases which were known to be p. carinii infected, i.e., 15 from mice, 1 from rat, 3 from human autopsy, and 4 from biopsy of aids patients by needle aspirat ...	1991	1774325
[lung diseases and treatment with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis].	methotrexate (mtx) is used as sequential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg per week, but its effectiveness is impaired by undesirable and sometimes severe side-effects, notably on the lungs. we report three cases of lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under mtx therapy. two patients had a lung infection caused by escherichia coli and pneumocystis carinii respectively and the third patient was a case of fatal pneumonia imputed to mtx. the signs and ...	1991	1775874
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole reaction simulating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1991	1777163
transmission of pneumocystis carinii from aids patients to other immunosuppressed patients: a cluster of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.	five renal transplant recipients developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) over a 22-month period, while no cases had been observed over a 5-year period in 114 transplanted patients treated with the same immunosuppressive protocol. all patients were hiv-negative, and no modification in diagnostic techniques for p. carinii could account for this observation. all five patients developed pcp within 2 months of an acute graft rejection episode. all of them attended the same outpatient facility ...	1991	1777173
latent haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in patients infected with hiv.	pneumonia caused by common pyogenic bacteria occurs frequently in hiv-infected patients. its clinical presentation has been described as being similar to that seen in non-immunosuppressed hosts but clearly different to that of opportunistic pneumonias. an atypical presentation has rarely been seen. in a 10-month period, we saw 12 hiv-infected patients who presented with haemophilus influenzae pneumonia which was clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ...	1991	1777177
[the radiological pictures of pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv+ patients].	mycobacterial infections can be found in 10% of aids patients. seventy cases with hiv+ infection were examined: they exhibited clear alterations of the chest and contemporaneous isolation and identification of mycobacteria. primary tuberculosis is the most frequent manifestation in these patients. alveolar parenchymal mono/bilateral infiltrates are the radiographic patterns of this pulmonary condition; they usually present without excavation (45.7%). hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes are usua ...	1991	1780458
[inadequate adh secretion syndrome associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].	within the numerous complications of aids, we want to point out the appearance of inadequate adh secretion syndrome (iadhss) in 9 out of; patients, which constitutes a higher percentage than in the general population. in all cases iadhss was associated to lung or central nervous system pathology. in one patient, iadhss preceded the appearance pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. therefore, if hyponatremia is founding aids patients, the existence of adrenal pathology or iadhss should be suspected.	1991	1780508
admission for hiv-1 related disease in a dublin hospital 1987-1990.	between january 1987 and december 1990, 179 patients (131 men, 48 women) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were admitted 408 times to st james's hospital, dublin. one hundred and thirty-two (73.7%) patients were intravenous drug users. the commonest cause of admission was bacterial lower respiratory tract infection (84 patients, 21%). at the time of study 95 (53%) patients fulfilled centers for disease control (cdc) criteria for stage iv disease. hiv antibody status in 26 ...	1991	1782235
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].	we present twelve cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) hospitalized at the internal medicine service of the hospital clínico de valencia between 1989 and 1990. all patients were infected by hiv-1, with ages between 25 and 32 years, with circulating cd4 lymphocytes lower than 25% or 200 cells per cubic millimeter and with positive p24 antigen. ten of them were parenterally drug addicts and two of them, homosexuals. diagnosis was made by fibrobronchoscopy (fb) with bronchoaspiration (bas) ...	1991	1782311
pharmacokinetic justification of antiprotozoal therapy. a us perspective.	infections with parasitic protozoa have always been problems for the developing world and are becoming of greater importance to the developed world in this age of easy international travel. the major human protozoal diseases are summarised with an emphasis on their presentation in normal hosts and in immunocompromised individuals and current us drug treatment recommendations are discussed. present antiprotozoal regimens are based either on a pharmacokinetic rationale or on clinical trial and err ...	1991	1782741
histone preopsonisation increases the respiratory burst response of phagocytes to pneumocystis carinii.	preincubation of pneumocystis carinii with histone caused an increase in polymorphonuclear leucocyte and macrophage chemiluminescence when parasites were mixed with phagocytes compared with that obtained when unopsonised parasites were used. toxic oxygen moieties released during the respiratory burst may cause tissue damage.	1991	1783287
[cryptosporidium diarrhea developing in two japanese adults--one in aids and the other in a normal host. research group for infectious enteric diseases, japan].	case i: a middle-age homosexual male developed aids with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and esophageal candidiasis in 1986 during his stay in an european country about five months prior to transfer to tokyo metropolitan komagome hospital, tokyo, in 1987. he was also diagnosed as having cryptosporidiosis presenting with mild diarrhea a month following the diagnosis of pcp. diarrhea was successfully treated with spiramycin. on transfer to tokyo metropolitan komagome hospital, he was febrile ...	1991	1783813
three-dimensional reconstruction of rabbit-derived pneumocystis carinii from serial-thin sections. i: trophozoite.	the highly complex ultrastructural morphology of the endomembrane system in pneumocystis carinii led us to perform three-dimensional reconstruction from serial-thin sections using the catia (conception assistée tridimensionnelle inter active) dassault system program. the three-dimensional reconstruction of a small trophozoite made it possible to better understand the morphological relationship among organelles and to suggest cytophysiological hypotheses. by reconstructing other parasite stages, ...	1991	1787425
three-dimensional reconstruction of rabbit-derived pneumocystis carinii from serial-thin sections. ii: intermediate precyst.	three-dimensional reconstruction of a binucleate intermediate precyst of pneumocystis carinii was performed from serial-thin sections using the catia (conception assistée tridimensionnelle inter active) dassault system program. the presence of a mitochondrion, complex well-developed endoplasmic structures, and numerous golgi vesicles was established. a better understanding of the ultrastructure of rabbit-derived p. carinii stages made it possible to formulate hypotheses on the evolution and phys ...	1991	1787426
glucan synthesis in pneumocystis carinii.	rat-derived pneumocystis carinii lysed with sodium deoxycholate catalysed the incorporation of uridine diphosphoglucose into an insoluble polymer. this enzyme activity was present in both the pellet and the supernatant when the p. carinii preparations were centrifuged. the polymer whose production was catalysed by the supernatant was examined by mass spectrometry and found to be an alpha 1----4 glucan, which is either unbranched or has relatively few branches. polymer formation was completely in ...	1991	1787429
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: detection of parasites by immunofluorescence based on a monoclonal antibody.	a monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence test for the detection of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated in comparison with the conventional direct staining by grocott's silver methenamine technique. a total of 254 respiratory samples from hiv positive and other immunocompromised patients were examined. cysts were detected in 30 (12%) of samples using the monoclonal test, but only 15 (6%) positives were found using the grocott method. there is need for a speedy and efficient test for detectio ...	1991	1787784
[polymyositis as the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].	we present a case of polymyositis (pm) in a patient with no previous relevant medical history, who had received blood transfusion four years ago during surgery. it could be demonstrated that the patient was hiv infected inspite the fact that he did not belong to any other high risk groups. pm was the clinical presentation form of hiv infection, the patient dying five months later due to a pneumocystis carinii. the main clinical and histologic characteristics of pm in hiv infected patients are de ...	1991	1788459
[bilateral pneumothorax in a patient with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1991	1788466