Publications

histopathological evidence of indeterminate leprosy in apparently uninvolved skin of entire spectrum of leprosy.	indeterminate histopathology with nerve involvement was seen in clinically uninvolved skin in 100% cases, irrespective of clinical type. this was an interesting observation for tt and bt cases: in such cases, it might be a reflection of the disease process which is generalised right from the beginning.	1983	6361381
bacillaemia in lepra reaction: its correlation with liver pathology.	thirty patients of lepromatous leprosy in a state of reaction (enl) were studied for bacillaemia and a correlation was made with liver pathology. buffy coat smears were examined in all, eliminating as far as possible the chances of contamination of blood by the skin bacilli. thirteen out of thirty patients showed presence of acid fast bacilli (afb) in the buffy coat smear. hepatic involvement in the form of leprous granuloma was observed in all, of which 93.3% showed presence of afb. it is concl ...	1983	6361382
how much non-infectious are the "non-infectious" lepromatous leprosy patients?	nose forms an important site at which the m. leprae in lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients lodge and multiply. nose forms an important reservoir for m. leprae, from where they may be transmitted to healthy contacts. inspite of realizing the above fact, nose does not normally receive due importance during the chemotherapy of leprosy. ll patients, after regular treatment with dapsone or rifampin for about 20 wks and 3 wks respectively are normally considered non-infectious. from the present investig ...	1983	6361383
examination of nasal mucous membrane biopsies.		1983	6361384
a quick method of demonstrating bacillaemia in patients with lepromatous leprosy and ultrastructural studies of the circulating acid-fast bacilli.	while studying circulating immune complexes (cic) in the sera of lepromatous patients by the polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation technique, we found (by light microscopy) abundant acid-fast bacilli (afb), morphologically similar to those seen in slit skin smear preparations from these patients, precipitated with the peg precipitated materials. both solid and non-solid afb could be readily identified. ultrastructures of these afb in the peg aggregates showed some similarity with those detecte ...	1983	6362119
the immunology of leprosy.		1983	6362155
leprosy today.		1983	6362642
in vitro induction of human suppressor t cells by mycobacterial antigens. bcg activated okt4+ cells mediate suppression of antigen induced t cell proliferation.	peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), obtained from bcg vaccinated healthy donors, were induced to proliferation by bcg for five days in vitro. when re-exposed to bcg, they failed to proliferate. however, they partially retained the ability to respond to con a and allogeneic cells. the addition of graded numbers of such cultured cells to fresh autologous pbmc suppressed their proliferative response to bcg. these suppressor cells could also inhibit the proliferation of fresh cells to other m ...	1983	6190596
analysis of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series in experimental mycobacterial granulomas by monoclonal antibodies.	two distinct types of granulomas were produced in the draining lymph nodes by immunizing guinea pigs with mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium leprae, as reported earlier (narayanan et al., j. pathol. 134:253-265, 1981). in the bcg-induced granuloma there is successful containment, killing, and degradation of the organisms with the presence of epithelioid cells and fibrosis. m. leprae, on the other hand, induces a granuloma where there is an absence of organization of the cells, failure to c ...	1983	6337100
immunohistological studies of skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy.	forty-six skin biopsies from lepromatous leprosy patients were examined for immunoglobulin and complement deposits as well as mycobacterial antigens. rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin, rabbit anti-human c3, and rabbit anti-mycobacterium bovis (bcg) were used as the primary antigen-detecting antibodies in a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. of the 26 biopsies from active erythema nodosum leprosum lesions, 6 were positive for immunoglobulin or complement deposits. these deposits were found in th ...	1983	6338025
oral lesions in borderline and reactional tuberculoid leprosy.	thirty patients, fifteen with borderline and fifteen with reactional tuberculoid leprosy, were submitted to clinical and histopathologic studies of the buccal mucosa for detection of specific lesions. five reactional tuberculoid and eight borderline patients presented specific conditions characterized by chronic granulomatous lesions with bacilli, chronic granulomatous lesions without bacilli, and nonspecific chronic inflammatory lesions with bacilli. the infiltrate had small extension, low bact ...	1983	6338440
inhibitory activity and mode of action of diaminodiphenylsulfone in cell-free folate-synthesizing systems prepared from mycobacterium lufu and mycobacterium leprae. a comparison.	cell-free folate synthesizing extracts have been isolated from escherichia coli, mycobacterium lufu, mycobacterium smegmatis (atcc 607) and mycobacterium leprae, and the inhibitory power of diaminodiphenylsulfone (dds) in such cell-free systems on the synthesis of dihydropteroic acid has been determined. m. lufu and m. leprae extracts show very similar high sensitivities against dds. mode of action studies seem to indicate that the observed high sensitivity of m. lufu and m. leprae as compared t ...	1983	6339181
hla and susceptibility to leprosy.	this review examines the evidence for involvement of mhc-associated factors in host immune response to mycobacterium leprae, by collating hla studies of sporadic and familial leprosy and discussing possible hla-related immunological mechanisms in determining host response. formal linkage analysis of 109 multiple-case families with data available for hla haplotype segregation showed that under a three-allele recessive model for susceptibility to leprosy, linkage was observed between the hla compl ...	1983	6339369
mycobacterium leprae infection in nude mice: bacteriological and histological responses to primary infection and large inocula.	previous studies have demonstrated that congenitally athymic, nude mice are highly susceptible to infection with mycobacterium leprae. in this study, we showed that footpad inoculation of nude mice with different inoculum sizes of m. leprae resulted in exponential growth of bacilli until bacillary numbers reached approximately 10(10) bacilli per footpad. there was dissemination of the infection from approximately 10 months after inoculation. when nude mice were compared with thymectomized and ir ...	1983	6339392
identification of components of ic purified from human sera. ii. demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in immune complexes isolated from sera of lepromatous patients.	immune complexes have been purified from sera of patients with lepromatous leprosy, using solid phase conglutinin and analysed by sds-page. some of their components have been immunologically identified after electrophoretic blotting on nitrocellulose. first, immunoglobulins, complement components (c1q, c1s, c3) and crp were found in ic. secondly, one mycobacterial antigen of 67 kd was directly identified in ic while two other components (20 kd and 14.4 kd) of possible m. leprae origin were also ...	1983	6340869
dissociation between allergy and immunity in mycobacterial infections.		1983	6341738
breakdown product of factor b as an index of complement activation in lepromatous leprosy and its relation with bacillary load.	serum complement profile studied in 50 lepromatous leprosy patients with various bacillary loads demonstrated significantly decreased c3 levels in patients with high bacteriological index (2+ to 4+) as compared with those with lesser bacterial load. in contrast, mean serum levels of c1q and c4 components remained unchanged. the concentration of factor b breakdown product (ba) and its ratio to factor b increased with the bacterial density and more so in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum. a ...	1983	6342123
comparison of the immunogenicity of vaccines prepared from viable mycobacterium bovis bcg, heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, and a mixture of the two for normal and m. leprae-tolerant mice.	intradermal vaccines consisting of viable mycobacterium bovis bcg, heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, or mixtures of the two were titrated in mice in doses of 10(5.2), 10(5.8), 10(6.4), 10(7.0), and 10(7.6) acid-fast bacilli. the immune response was measured by sensitization (48 to 72 h foot pad enlargement on challenge with 10(7.0) heat-killed m. leprae) and by protection against infection with a viable m. leprae challenge. there was increasing response with increasing dose of vaccine, and overa ...	1983	6343239
effects of treatment with muramyl dipeptide on resistance to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium marinum infection in mice.	studies were carried out to determine whether treatment of mice with the synthetic adjuvant muramyl dipeptide (mdp) afforded resistance to infection with mycobacterium leprae or m. marinum in mice. regardless of the timing, dose, or route of administration, there was no evidence that treatment with mdp or 3 of its analogs (desmdp, abumdp, valmdp) enhanced resistance to food pad infection with m. leprae or m. marinum. in parallel studies, systemic treatment with propionibacterium acnes failed to ...	1983	6343295
rapid, radiolabeled-microculture method that uses macrophages for in vitro evaluation of mycobacterium leprae viability and drug susceptibility.	this paper describes a microculture rapid assay using radiolabeling and mouse macrophages to determine the viability and the drug susceptibility or resistance of mycobacterium leprae. comparison of m. leprae resident macrophage cultures maintained in 96-well flat-bottomed plates showed results for viability and susceptibility or resistance to dapsone that were similar to results for concurrent cultures in leighton tubes with greater numbers of bacilli and macrophages.	1983	6343428
an approach to study in vitro the expression of hla-encoded genetic factors predisposing to tuberculoid leprosy.	the existence of hla-encoded genetic factors controlling susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy in humans has been firmly established. furthermore hla-dr2 has been recognized as a marker for tuberculoid leprosy in india. at this moment, however, the gene products involved and the mechanism by which they confer susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy remain only speculative. in an attempt to detect in vitro the expression of these hla-encoded factors, we studied 12 tuberculoid leprosy patients and 2 ...	1983	6343507
in vitro proliferative response to m. leprae and ppd of isolated t cell subsets from leprosy patients.	in vitro proliferative response to mycobacterium leprae and ppd to t cell subsets, isolated by selective depletion procedure from peripheral blood using okt4 or okt8 monoclonal antibodies plus complement, was investigated in leprosy patients. whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) developed a strong proliferative response to both m. leprae and ppd in most tuberculoid patients. this proliferation was confined to t cells, and concerned predominantly okt4+ cells. both antigens, however, in ...	1983	6345031
nerve damage following intraneural injection of mycobacterium leprae into rabbits pre-sensitized to mycobacteria.	nerve damage is a common feature of leprosy although the mechanism responsible for the damage is not clearly understood. in the tuberculoid end of the leprosy spectrum where both intraneural mycobacterium leprae or their antigens and cell-mediated hypersensitivity to m. leprae co-exist, acute neuritis affecting major nerve trunks can occur during reversal reactions. these reactions are known to be associated with increased hypersensitivity to m. leprae antigens. the nerve involvement is therefor ...	1983	6345041
alterations in the membrane of macrophages from leprosy patients.	macrophage cultures pulsed with viable mycobacterium leprae were assessed for erythrocyte rosetting in three groups of individuals, i.e., normal subjects, and tuberculoid and lepromatous patients. of these, only the lepromatous group showed a reduction in rosetting ability after infection with m. leprae. the specificity of such a reduction pattern was confirmed by using various mycobacteria to infect the macrophages. a threshold effect was noted in all three groups. although a reduction was obta ...	1983	6345387
further specific extracellular phenolic glycolipid antigens and a related diacylphthiocerol from mycobacterium leprae.	mycobacterium leprae in infected armadillo tissue produces extracellular phthiocerol-containing lipids in amounts well in excess of the bacterial mass. the principal component (1.38 mg in 1 g of liver, wet weight, containing 3.7 x 10(10) m. leprae bacilli) consists of a mixture of two phthiocerol homologs, 3-methoxyl-4-methyl-9, 11-dihydroxyoctacosane and 3-methoxyl-4-methyl-9, 11-dihydroxytriacontane, (formula: see text); in which the hydroxyl functions are acylated by a mixture of three 'mycoc ...	1983	6345526
cell-mediated immunity in legionnaires' disease.	previous studies from this laboratory have suggested a role for cell-mediated immunity in host defense against legionella pneumophila. in this paper, cell-mediated immunity to l. pneumophila in patients recovered from legionnaires' disease was studied by examining patient mononuclear cell responses to l. pneumophila antigens. patient mononuclear cells were assayed both for their capacity to respond to l. pneumophila antigens with the production of cytokines that activate monocytes, as measured b ...	1983	6345589
leproma of heart--a case report.		1983	6347872
persistence of mycobacterium leprae in the peripheral nerve.		1983	6347881
leprosy vaccine--a puzzle.		1983	6348409
new developments in the chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6348410
grades of dapsone resistance to mycobacterium leprae (burrowing terminology)		1983	6348411
taxonomic studies on mycobacterium leprae.	m. leprae harvested from livers and spleens of infected armadillos showed close similarity in biochemical characteristics with m. vaccae than with any other cultivable mycobacteria. further more. m. lepraemurium was least similar to m. leprae. thus, m. leprae can be linked with fast-growing groups of acid-fast bacilli, and perhaps most closely with the m. vaccae complex.	1983	6348412
studies on sulphone resistant strains of m. leprae in field and institutionalized cases of leprosy.	the proportions of dapsone resistant strains of m. leprae in cases from the field and in patient institutionalized for treatment were compared. identification of dapsone resistance was done by mouse-foot-pad experiments carried out in the laboratory in central leprosy teaching and research institute, chengalpattu. a higher percentage of resistance was detected among institutional patients as compared to field cases. the distribution of m.i. ranges of m. leprae in dapsone resistant subjects was n ...	1983	6348413
vaccines against leprosy.		1983	6348414
a serological test for leprosy with a glycolipid specific for mycobacterium leprae.	a phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae was purified and used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies directed against the lipid were seen in serums from leprosy patients but not in serums from uninfected controls or patients infected with other mycobacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. the antibody response distinguished between the mycobacterium leprae lipid and the structurally related phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium kansasii. this assay has con ...	1983	6348948
[circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy patients].		1983	6349167
lepromatous leprosy in man; depth of the cellular infiltrate and bacillary mass in relation to the possibility of transmission of leprosy by biting arthropods.	in order to further define the possible role of arthropods in the transmission of leprosy, the depth of the cellular infiltrate and bacillary mass in the skin of patients with untreated lepromatous leprosy was measured, and this was related to the depth of penetration of the mouthparts of some species of arthropods of medical importance. the results confirmed that large numbers of bacilli are readily available to the biting apparatus of several species of arthropods, but not to that of the scabi ...	1983	6349561
the role of products of the human hla-dr locus (ia molecules) in in vitro m. leprae driven lymphoproliferation.	we analysed the role of ia molecules in t cell activation with m. leprae by using two hybridoma monoclonal antibodies d1-12 and d4-22 with specificity for non-polymorphic isotypes ng-1 and ng-2 respectively on the hlr-dr molecular framework. the results show that the addition of either monoclonal antibody up to 3 days after onset of culture significantly blocks the in vitro m. leprae driven lymphoproliferation. the mechanism of suppression appears to be due to a combination of steric hindrance a ...	1983	6349878
leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) of the texas gulf coast: epidemiology and mycobacteriology.	a significant prevalence of leprosy has been demonstrated in wild louisiana armadillos. the texas gulf coast still has endemic human leprosy, and recent mores in texas have markedly increased armadillo-human contact. armadillos were screened by physical examination, and by ear-snip and slit-scrape technique. animals that screened "positive" were sacrificed and necropsied under aseptic conditions. liver, spleen, gross lesions, and four groups of lymph nodes were cultured for mycobacteria and were ...	1983	6350581
leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) on the texas gulf coast. ultrastructure of the liver and spleen.	recent studies have established that the "naturally-occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos" is, indeed, caused by mycobacterium leprae indistinguishable from m. leprae from human lepromatous leprosy. the present study reports the ultrastructure of the mycobacteria and host response in deep viscera, liver and spleen, in texas armadillos with sylvatic leprosy. evidence for acid-fast bacillary proliferation in these organs and penetration of hepatocytes is given. acid-fast bacilli concen ...	1983	6350703
recent studies of antileprosy drugs.		1983	6350771
immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis of leprosy.		1983	6350772
evolution of the modern chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6350773
recent changes in leprosy control.		1983	6350774
dapsone-resistant leprosy.		1983	6350775
the immunopharmacology of antileprosy agents.		1983	6350776
failure of levamisole to restore in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness in lepromatous leprosy patients.		1983	6350777
the immunopathology of erythema nodosum leprosum: the role of extravascular complexes.		1983	6350778
crossreactivity between mycobacterium leprae and various actinomycetes and related organisms.	serological crossreactivity was analyzed between m. leprae and strains of various species of corynebacterium, mycobacterium, nocardia, rhodococcus, streptomyces, and related organisms. m. leprae shares antigens with most of these organisms, and sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy contain antibodies against them. the results demonstrate that m. leprae shares more antigens with the mycobacteria than with strains of the other tested genera, thus supporting the view that the leprosy organism ...	1983	6352526
the distribution of mycobacterium leprae in the hair follicle of the eyebrow.	longitudinal sections of hair follicles from the eyebrows of patients with active, untreated, lepromatous leprosy were studied. mycobacterium leprae were found in the dermal papilla and outer root sheath of both anagen and telogen hair follicles. bacilli were rarely found in those cell lines continuous with the environment, i.e., the hair shaft and the inner root sheath. the biochemical fate of these cell lines is such that they would not provide a suitable medium for the survival and transport ...	1983	6352527
electron microscopic study of mycobacterium leprae membrane.	we report the results of the study by transmission electron microscopy of normal mycobacterium leprae in the tissues of experimentally infected armadillos. several fixation procedures were used and compared to those previously employed in the study of m. leprae in lepromatous leprosy patients. the results show that the ultrastructure of m. leprae is identical in both hosts. the demonstration of a symmetric membrane profile in m. leprae in armadillos confirms our previous results. this characteri ...	1983	6352528
the interpretation of the ultrastructure of mycobacterial cells in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections.	in the present report the authors discuss several aspects of the ultrastructure of mycobacterial cells as seen by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections that are relevant in the characterization of normal versus altered bacteria. the importance of the use of adequate fixation conditions is stressed and illustrated with examples showing that normal, but inadequately fixed, mycobacterial cells may exhibit micromorphological alterations similar to those typical of cells affected in ...	1983	6352529
the cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy. a transmission electron microscopy study.	the dermal lesions of 18 patients with leprosy have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. the patients exhibited a spectrum of disease from polar lepromatous to polar tuberculoid with intermediate stages in various states of therapy and relapse. the nature and quantities of inflammatory cells and bacteria have been determined by electron microscopy to supplement previous light and fluorescence microscopy studies. lepromatous leprosy was characterized by many parasitized foam cells c ...	1983	6352848
catabolic pathways for glucose, glycerol and 6-phosphogluconate in mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo tissues.	with radioisotopes, it was shown that suspensions of mycobacterium leprae oxidized glycerol, 6-phosphogluconate, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and, at a low rate, gluconate, to co2. the incubation period in these experiments was usually 20 h, but after 140 h up to five times more glucose and gluconate had been converted to co2. studies with differentially labelled glucose indicated that glycolysis and the hexose monophosphate pathway were used for glucose dissimilation. key enzymes of glycolysis ...	1983	6352857
gaschromatography of constitutive fatty acids in mycobacterium leprae.	a constitutive saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid pattern of mycobacterium leprae, isolated from the liver of a nine-banded armadillo with experimental leprosy, was analyzed gaschromatographically and compared with that of cultured m. lepraemurium, m. avium, m. bovis, strain bcg and m. smegmatis. in comparing the fatty acid pattern thus obtained and the known structure of mycolic acids in these mycobacteria, an experiential rule that each species of mycobacteria has a relatively high conte ...	1983	6353179
properties of microorganisms isolated from human leprosy lesions.	diphtheroids, which in addition to mycobacterium leprae are present in human leprosy lesions, were identified as true corynebacteria by dna and cell wall analysis. peptidoglycan (adjuvant) of these leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc) consists of n-acetylglycosaminyl-n-acetyl(glycolyl)-muramic acid and l-ala-d-glu(nh2)-(l)-meso-a2pm-(l)-d-ala (a2pm = diaminopimelic acid). (the amino group of the tetrapeptide is attached to the carboxyl group of the muramate). peripheral polysaccharide (antigen) ...	1983	6353527
selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. v. leprosy.	leprosy afflicts 10-15 million people in the world, primarily in tropical and subtropical developing countries. in areas endemic for leprosy, the incidence may reach four to six cases per 1,000 population, and the prevalence of the disease frequently exceeds 10 per 1,000 population in parts of africa and asia. while these figures are not high in relation to those for other tropical diseases, many developing countries consider leprosy a major health problem because a significant proportion of cas ...	1983	6353531
invasion of liver parenchymal cells by mycobacterium leprae in an experimentally infected nude mouse. an electron microscopic study.	liver tissue from a nude mouse infected with mycobacterium leprae for 18 months was examined using light and electron microscopes. numerous microgranulomas composed of macrophages were present throughout the liver. m. leprae in large numbers were present in kupffer cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and liver parenchymal cells. the study shows that the lower temperature of about 31 degrees c optimal for the growth of m. leprae is relative rather than absolute, and that m. leprae can invade e ...	1983	6353954
the kellersberger memorial lecture, 1983. the lepromin test and its role in the management of leprosy.		1983	6354710
enzymes of malate oxidation in mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo livers.	a nad-dependent malate dehydrogenase is the principal enzyme for malate oxidation by mycobacterium leprae, fad-dependent malate-vitamin k reductase was detected at about 1% the level of the nad-dependent activity. both enzyme activities were detected in extracts from m. leprae treated with naoh to abolish host-derived activities which might be adsorbed to the bacteria and the nad-dependent enzyme was shown to be electrophoretically distinct from the host-tissue enzyme, thus establishing that the ...	1983	6355387
evaluation of culture of m. leprae.		1983	6355649
prevalence survey of secondary dapsone resistance in leprosy in kancheepuram and tiruvannamalai control units of tamil nadu.	a field survey was designed and carried out in parts of kancheepuram and tiruvannamalai leprosy control units in tamilnadu (population 418,000) with the objective of finding out the prevalence of secondary dapsone resistance among 790 lepromatous (ll and bl) cases, who formed the patient population at risk based on certain treatment criteria. using the mouse footpad experiment, 3 resistant cases were identified in kancheepuram unit (prevalence rate of 1.0 per cent) and 11 cases in tiruvannamalai ...	1983	6355650
mouse foot pad growth of m. leprae in relation to bacteriological index.	a retrospective analysis was made of the mouse foot-pad growth of m. leprae from 35 cases of lepromatous leprosy with b.i. ranging from 1.33 to 4.0 (dharmendra scale). of these 35 cases, 6 were found to be harbouring dapsone resistant bacilli and 18 cases sensitive bacilli. in 11 of them there was no growth in the control group of animals. the analysis showed that there was no difference in the mean b.i. between those showing no growth and those showing growth in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd harvest. a m ...	1983	6355651
observations on the cultivation of m. leprae in medium 'v' (veeraraghavan).	the medium 'v' has been evaluated for the in vitro growth of m. leprae. m. leprae were obtained from five untreated cases of multibacillary type of leprosy. medium was prepared and inoculated by the method described by veeraraghavan. killed (autoclaved) m. leprae from the same biopsies were kept as controls. growth was monitored in a double blind manner at 60 hours, 120 hours of incubation at 8-10 degrees c of both primary and subcultures. counting was done by both standard shepard and mcrae met ...	1983	6355653
primary resistance to dapsone among untreated lepromatous patients in bamako and chingleput.		1983	6355721
studies on dapsone-resistant mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients of gudiyatham taluk, the leprosy control area of the schieffelin leprosy research and training centre, karigiri. 2. a progress report.		1983	6355722
dapsone-resistant leprosy in jakarta: a preliminary report.		1983	6355723
secondary dapsone-resistant leprosy in shanghai municipality.		1983	6355724
antigens of mycobacterium leprae and anti-m. leprae antibodies in the urine of leprosy patients.		1983	6355725
dapsone-resistant leprosy in burundi.		1983	6355726
rifampin in the treatment of leprosy.	the minimal inhibitory concentration of rifampin for mycobacterium leprae is less than 1 microgram/ml. therapy with rifampin has proved efficacious both in mice experimentally infected with m. leprae and in humans with leprosy. rifampin kills m. leprae more rapidly than do other antileprosy drugs currently available. consequently, m. leprae bacilli from patients with lepromatous disease are rendered noninfectious within three weeks after the institution of rifampin therapy, as determined in the ...	1983	6356282
the treatment of leprosy.		1983	6356539
[survival of mycobacterium leprae in human skin biopsies].		1983	6356763
intracellular location of mycobacterium leprae in macrophages of normal and immune-deficient mice and effect of rifampin.	soon after more than 10(6) mycobacterium leprae, freshly harvested from armadillo liver or harvested and 60co irradiated, were inoculated into the hind footpads of either normal or thymectomized and irradiated (t900r) mice, the organisms were found to reside within phagosomes of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. on the other hand, 7 and 8 months after 10(4) freshly harvested m. leprae were inoculated into the footpads of normal or t900r mice and the organisms had multiplied to their maxim ...	1983	6358034
relation between anti-mycobacterium leprae antibody activity and clinical features in borderline tuberculoid (bt) leprosy.	antibody activity against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 was determined by radioimmunoassay and igg antibodies against various antigens present in an m. leprae sonicate by a solid phase radioimmunoassay in 77 patients with borderline tuberculoid (bt) leprosy. in both assays there was a wide variation in antibody activity in individual patients although all were diagnosed as having bt leprosy. the median antibody activity was lower in newly diagnosed cases than in patients appearing with active s ...	1983	6358061
effect of treatment on antibody activity against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 in tuberculoid leprosy.	anti-mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 antibody activity was determined by radioimmunoassay during treatment in a longtime study of individual patients with newly diagnosed borderline tuberculoid (bt) leprosy and in bt leprosy patients who were suspected from their case histories to have dapsone (dds) resistant leprosy. there was a strong correlation between clinical and antibody activity, and clinical improvement following treatment led to a marked decrease in antibody activity in most cases. a ch ...	1983	6358062
the phthiocerol-containing surface lipids of mycobacterium leprae--a perspective of past and present work.		1983	6358063
the in vitro culture of the leprosy bacillus.		1983	6358064
chemotherapy trial with a triple-drug regimen, including once-monthly rimactane (rifampicin), in patients with multibacillary types of leprosy.		1983	6359801
[current therapeutics in leprosy: resistance--therapeutic regimens--control strategy].		1983	6359803
radiometric macrophage culture assay for rapid evaluation of antileprosy activity of rifampin.	the antileprosy effect of rifampin was evaluated by a newly developed rapid in vitro assay wherein 31 human-derived strains and 1 armadillo-derived strain of mycobacterium leprae were maintained for 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in murine and human macrophages in the presence of [3h]thymidine. of these strains, 27 showed significant incorporation of the radiolabel in cultures of live bacilli as compared with control cultures of heat-killed bacilli of the same strain. consistent and significant in ...	1983	6360040
mechanism of immunosuppression in leprosy: presence of suppressor factor(s) from macrophages of lepromatous patients.	human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation induced by mycobacterium leprae could be inhibited by the suppressor factor in the lysate of the macrophages of lepromatous leprosy patients. macrophages from normal subjects and tuberculoid patients did not show production of a suppressor factor. inhibition occurred only when the factor was present in the initial stages of lymphocyte culture. the factor is heat stable and nondialyzable. proliferation induced by some mycobacteria and concanav ...	1983	6221997
immunology of human leprosy--current status.		1983	6224992
reactions in leprosy.		1983	6224993
mechanisms of t-cell unresponsiveness in leprosy.	we analysed the mechanisms of t-cell unresponsiveness to mycobacterium leprae antigens and to unrelated antigens or t-cell mitogens in human leprosy and in an experimental model of murine infection by m. lepraemurium (mlm). in human leprosy, monoclonal antibodies okt3, okt4 and okt8 were used to enumerate t-cell subpopulations within peripheral blood. increased percentages of okt8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cells were observed in untreated, non-reactional lepromatous patients. conversely, lepromatous ...	1983	6226239
early events in the host-parasite relationship and immune response in clinical leprosy: its possible importance for leprosy control.		1983	6228348
suppressor cell activity and phenotypes in the blood or tissues of patients with leprosy.	suppressor cell activity has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with leprosy. cells bearing the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype have been enumerated in both peripheral blood and tissues, and microanatomical differences in tissue distribution have been observed. this first generation of studies has been characterized by considerable disagreement, a not unusual circumstance in the study of leprosy. in the case of blood suppressor cell activity, there appears to be no doubt as to ...	1983	6228349
immunological aspects of human leprosy.		1983	6230487
the growth of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice.		1983	6230496
exochelin-mediated iron uptake into mycobacterium leprae.	iron chelated to the exochelins from mycobacterium neoaurum was taken up by a suspension of m. leprae, prepared from the liver of an infected armadillo, over 15 hr. no uptake occurred when the iron was chelated with exochelins from m. bovis bcg or m. smegmatis or to a single exochelin from m. vaccae. uptake appeared to be by facilitated diffusion since it was not inhibited by either hgcl2, nan3, or 2,4-dinitrophenol. this was similar to the mode of uptake of ferriexochelin into m. neoaurum itsel ...	1983	6231257
investigations related to the development of a leprosy vaccine.		1983	6231259
comparison of the cytoplasmic antigens of leprosy-derived corynebacteria and some mycobacteria.	the immunological relationship between leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc) and reference mycobacteria was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. for this purpose, three reference systems (ldc15/anti-ldc15, ldc18/anti-ldc8, and ldc8/anti-ldc8) were developed. they showed 15 to 20 distinct antigenic components in ldc cytoplasm. extensive cross-reactivity was observed among different ldc isolates, affecting 3 to 17 components. moreover, several components were shown to cr ...	1983	6191381
definition of species specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants of mycobacterium leprae using monoclonal antibodies.	four soluble antigens of mycobacterium leprae have been identified using 12 murine monoclonal antibodies. their specificity, taxonomic distribution and molecular nature were analysed by radioimmunoassays and by immunoblotting from polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. a protein antigen my1 (12k) reacted with one antibody (ml06) without demonstrable cross-reactivity for any of the other 20 tested species of mycobacteria. another four antibodies which identified antigen my2 revealed only a marginal ...	1983	6191891
serological specificity of phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae and use in serodiagnosis of leprosy.	the serological activities of the specific phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae, its dissected parts, and related glycolipids from other mycobacteria were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against hyperimmune anti-m. leprae rabbit antiserum and sera from patients with leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases. high anti-phenolic glycolipid i immunoglobulin m antibodies were found in 23 of 24 (96%) of lepromatous leprosy patients on short term chemotherapy and in 8 of 13 tub ...	1983	6193065
bacteriology of mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6193386
the degradation of mycobacterium leprae by a comparison of its staining properties.	the disintegration of mycobacterium leprae is revealed by a study of its acid-fast component, its non-acid-fast cell walls using methenamine silver, and its bcg-positive cytoplasmic component. solid bacilli stain by the three stain techniques used to identify these products, but the bcg component is demonstrated only with difficulty and appears granular. degradation of m. leprae is fairly rapid in bt, bb, and bl, and clearance of bacillary products occurs almost simultaneously because of the des ...	1983	6194126
characterization and functional studies of the murine t-lymphocyte response to mycobacterium leprae antigen.	mice were immunized with mycobacterium leprae in incomplete freund's adjuvant, and sensitized lymphocytes were obtained from draining lymph nodes. the lymphocytes thus obtained proliferated specifically in vitro in the presence of m. leprae antigen, and this response was shown to be both t-cell and macrophage dependent. t-cell blasts generated in vitro in response to m. leprae antigen were grown in the presence of interleukin-2 (il-2). the proliferative response of these blasts to m. leprae anti ...	1983	6194557
effect of pyridine extraction on the acid fastness of mycobacteria.	the effect of pyridine extraction on mycobacterial acid-fastness has been studied using m. leprae and some cultivable mycobacteria. the results revealed that not only m. leprae but some other mycobacteria, notably, m. vaccae and m. phlei also lose their acid-fastness when extracted with fresh pyridine for 2 hours at room temperature. the implication of these findings is discussed.	1983	6195453
the chemotherapy of leprosy.		1983	6195695
growth of mycobacterium leprae in a redox system.	mycobacteria recovered from human lepromatous nodules and presumably m. leprae, have been grown in a medium that ensured a minimal oxygen tension at initiation of growth, and an increasing availability of oxygen as bacillary growth increased requiring marginal increments in oxygen tension. this physicochemical environment was achieved by the addition of strong biological reductants in the medium, and a combination of partial vacuum and alkaline pyrogallol in the culture vessel. in addition, n-te ...	1983	6197589