Publications

cloning and characterization of blavim, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate.	production of a metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate vr-143/97) from an italian inpatient at the verona university hospital (northern italy). the metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was isolated from a genomic library of vr-143/97, constructed in an escherichia coli plasmid vector, by screening for clones with reduced susceptibility to imipenem. sequencing of the cloned gene revealed that it encoded a new class b b ...	1999	10390207
roles of asp126 and asp156 in the enzyme function of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus.	to elucidate the roles of conserved asp residues of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) in the kinetic and binding properties of the enzyme toward various substrates and mg2+, the kinetic data on mutant smases (d126g and d156g) were compared with those of wild type (wt) enzyme. the stereoselectivity of the enzyme in the hydrolysis of monodispersed short-chain sphingomyelin (sm) analogs and the binding of mg2+ to the enzyme were not affected by the replacement of asp126 or asp156. the ph-dep ...	1999	10393325
role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase in hepatocytes: the dag-dependent protein kinase c pathway is not activated by epidermal growth factor (egf), but is involved in mediating the enhancement of responsiveness to egf by vasopressin, angiotensin ii, and norepinephrine.	the role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase was investigated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. in this model, several agonists that bind to g protein-coupled receptors act as comitogens when added to the cells soon after plating (i.e., in go/early gl phase), while the cells are most responsive to the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (egf) at 24-48 h of culturing (i.e., mid/late gl). it was found that the cellular concentration of dag rose markedly and progr ...	1999	10395290
structure analysis of a class ii transposon encoding the mercury resistance of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium mb1, a strain isolated from minamata bay, japan.	a unique transposon was found in the chromosome of bacillus megaterium mb1, a gram-positive bacterium isolated from mercury-polluted sediments of minamata bay, japan. the transposon region of a 14.5kb dna fragment was amplified by pcr using a single pcr primer designed from the nucleotide sequence of an inverted repeat of class ii transposons. the molecular analysis revealed that the pcr-amplified dna fragment encodes a transposition module similar to that of tn21. the transposon also encodes a ...	1999	10395910
antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi.	the chemical composition of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, salmonella veneziana, s. paratyphi b. s. typhimurium, fusarium moniliforme, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger and pyricularia oryzae have been studied. moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against a ...	1999	10404547
the smcl gene of listeria ivanovii encodes a sphingomyelinase c that mediates bacterial escape from the phagocytic vacuole.	the ruminant pathogen listeria ivanovii differs from listeria monocytogenes in that it causes strong, bizonal haemolysis and a characteristic shovel-shaped co-operative haemolytic ('camp-like') reaction with rhodococcus equi. we cloned the gene responsible for the differential haemolytic properties of l. ivanovii, smcl. it encodes a sphingomyelinase c (smase) highly similar (> 50% identity) to the smases from staphylococcus aureus (beta-toxin), bacillus cereus and leptospira interrogans. smcl wa ...	1999	10417642
antimicrobial activity and stability of tingenone derivatives.	quinone-methide triterpenes of the tingenone series were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. these compounds were effective against bacillus cereus, b. subtilis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, microsporum gypseum and a gram-negative bacterium, klebsiella pneumoniae. under acidic conditions, the quinone-methide part of these compounds rearranged into the divinyl-phenolic system, and the antimicrobial activity was thus lost.	1999	10418334
heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores: effects of milk constituents and stabilizing additives.	heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores (atcc 7004, 4342, and 9818) heated in different types of milk (skim, whole, and concentrated skim milk), skim milk containing stabilizing additives (sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, or disodium phosphate, 0.1%), and cream was investigated. thermal resistance experiments were performed at temperatures within the range of 92 to 115 degrees c under continuous monitoring of ph. for strain 4342 no significant differences (p < 0.05) in d values were de ...	1999	10419217
bacterial contamination in the environment of food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables.	a total of 196 samples were collected from equipment for trimming, washing, slicing, soaking, dehydrating, blending, and packaging and from the floor and air of operation rooms before and after operation in two food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables located in the suburbs of tokyo. heavy contamination determined by an aerobic plate count of >5.0 log cfu/cm2 or ml was observed after operation in most of the samples examined, as were samples taken before operation on the interior ...	1999	10419276
comparative phylogeny of rrs and nifh genes in the bacillaceae.	the rrs (16s rdna) gene sequences of nitrogen-fixing endospore-forming bacilli isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and maize were determined in order to infer their phylogenetic position in the bacillaceae. these rhizosphere strains form a monophyletic cluster with paenibacillus azotofixans, paenibacillus polymyxa and paenibacillus macerans. two of them (rsa19 and tod45) had previously been identified as bacillus circulans (group 2) by phenotypic characterization (api 50ch). evidence for nitr ...	1999	10425751
a quantitative approach for studying the effect of heat treatment conditions on resistance and recovery of bacillus cereus spores.	when a bacterial population undergoes an unfavourable transient increase in temperature, a death phase followed by a lag and growth phase are observed for the surviving and cultivable population. the lag phase is of great interest in regard to food safety, but for bacterial spores, very few studies have been carried out on the evolution of lag time versus heat treatment duration. the experiments monitored on spores of two strains of bacillus cereus showed a biphasic evolution of the lag time for ...	1999	10426451
ionophoretic properties and mitochondrial effects of cereulide: the emetic toxin of b. cereus.	the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, found to cause immobilization of spermatozoa and swelling of their mitochondria, was purified and its structure found to be identical to the earlier known toxin cereulide. it increased the conductance in black-lipid membranes in kcl solutions in an ionophore-like manner. it formed adducts with k+, na+, and nh4+ but the conductance was highly selective for k+ in relation to na+ and h+ (three orders of magnitude). the increase in the kinetics of conductance ind ...	1999	10429194
[development from actions of bacterial phospholipases c on eucaryotic plasma membranes to molecular biology of gpi-anchored proteins].	bacterial phospholipases c are known to act on biomembranes, since they can cleave the phosphodiester linkage between the polar head and the hydrophobic moiety of each phospholipid in these membranes. these enzymes have been classified into three groups; phosphatidylcholine (pc)-, sphingomyelin (sm)- and phosphatidylinositol (pi)-degrading phospholipases c. enzymatic properties and toxicities of these phospholipases c are reviewed, in relation to author's research. studies on the hemolytic phosp ...	1999	10434800
an unusual cytochrome o'-type cytochrome c oxidase in a bacillus cereus cytochrome a3 mutant has a very high affinity for oxygen.	bacillus cereus strain pym1 is a mutant unable to synthesize haem a or spectrally detectable cytochromes aa3 or caa3. the nature of the remaining oxidase(s) catalysing oxygen uptake has been studied. respiratory oxidase activities and the levels of cytochromes b and c increased 2.6- to 4.2-fold on transition from exponential growth, in either of two media, to sporulation stage iii, as previously observed for the parent wild-type strain. nadh oxidase activity at both stages of culture was several ...	1999	10439395
the effects of electron and chemical ionization modes on the ms profiling of whole bacteria.	free fatty acid profiling of whole bacteria [francisella tularensis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis (vegetative and sporulated), and bacillus cereus] was carried out with direct probe mass spectrometry under 70-ev electron ionization (ei) and isobutane chemical ionization in both the positive (ci+) and negative modes (ci-). electron ionization produced spectra that contained molecular ions and fragment ions from various free fatty acids. spectra acquired with isobutane ...	1999	10439512
[infection by bacillus cereus in a girl diagnosed with ependimoma].		1999	10439545
post-surgical bacillus cereus endophthalmitis outbreak.		1999	10440002
formation and structure of mixed bacterial communities.	mixed bacterial communities are formed by unrelated bacteria on solid media. mixed bacterial communities on solid media are similar to "classical" colonies and are formed after the growth of a large number of unrelated bacteria simultaneously plated onto a limited area of agar. the morphology of the mixed bacterial communities was similar for different combinations of bacteria and did not change when the bacteria were plated on different media. different bacterial strains form zones of individua ...	1999	10440060
a bridging study for oxytetracycline in the edible fillet of rainbow trout: analysis by a liquid chromatographic method and the official microbial inhibition assay.	oxytetracycline (otc) is a drug approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) to control certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. otc is also a likely control agent for diseases of other fish species and for other diseases of salmonids and catfish not currently on the label. one requirement for fda to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. the current regulatory method for otc in fish tissue, based on microbial i ...	1999	10444825
magnetic capture-hybridization method for purification and probing of mrna for neutral protease of bacillus cereus.	a magnetic capture-hybridization method was assessed for the isolation of prokaryotic mrna for the neutral protease of b. cereus from liquid culture. a biotin-labeled specific probe was hybridized to the mrna transcripts and subsequently captured by streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. mrna was detected by dot-blot hybridization with a ds dig-labeled dna-probe. the magnetic capture hybridization is a rapid and simple method and has a promising potential for gene expression studies in complex ...	1999	10445318
the microbiological quality of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom.	the microbiological quality of 4,162 samples of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom was examined, including ready-to-eat rice purchased at point-of-sale and rice that was stored precooked for reheating on demand. the majority of point-of-sale cooked rice samples (1,855 of 1,972; 94%) were of acceptable microbiological quality, but 15 (1%) samples were of unacceptable quality (bacillus spp. and b. cereus, > or = 10(5) cfu/g; escherichia coli, > or = 10(4) cfu ...	1999	10456740
long-chain polyphosphate causes cell lysis and inhibits bacillus cereus septum formation, which is dependent on divalent cations.	we investigated the cellular mechanisms that led to growth inhibition, morphological changes, and lysis of bacillus cereus wsbc 10030 when it was challenged with a long-chain polyphosphate (polyp). at a concentration of 0.1% or higher, polyp had a bacteriocidal effect on log-phase cells, in which it induced rapid lysis and reductions in viable cell counts of up to 3 log units. the cellular debris consisted of empty cell wall cylinders and polar caps, suggesting that polyp-induced lysis was spati ...	1999	10473399
the sequence of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin operon from bacillus cereus.	the non-haemolytic enterotoxin from bacillus cereus has been sequenced. it is composed of three components, non-haemolytic enterotoxin a, b and c of 41.0, 39.8 and 36.5 kda, respectively. transcription of the operon seems to be positively regulated by plcr, a gene that also regulates phospholipase c expression. there is substantial similarity between the three proteins of non-haemolytic enterotoxin and between the non-haemolytic enterotoxin and haemolytic enterotoxin proteins.	1999	10474188
characterization of the exosporium of bacillus cereus.	exosporium components from endospores of bacillus cereus atcc 10876 were purified and separated by gel electrophoresis. several of the proteins for which n-terminal sequences were recovered were found to have homologues in protein databases which have been demonstrated to have enzymic activity in other organisms. amongst these is a zinc metalloprotease, immune inhibitor a, already described in b. thuringiensis. this has been shown to be present in an active 73 kda form on the exosporium of b. ce ...	1999	10475957
molecular recognition specificity of bacillus anthracis spore antibodies.	the sensitivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against anthrax spore preparations has been assessed by western blotting. none of the antibodies studied were completely specific in recognizing the anthrax spore surface. a polyclonal serum recognized a wide range of spore surface epitopes and demonstrated limited cross-reaction with the near-neighbour species bacillus cereus spore surface. two monoclonal antibodies studied demonstrated more extensive cross-reaction ...	1999	10475958
modelling the overall effect of ph on the apparent heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores.	a simple overall model is proposed to describe the effect of both the ph of the heating menstruum and the ph of the recovery medium on the apparent spore heat resistance of bacillus cereus. applied to foods making up both heating and recovery media, the model can be reduced to only two parameters. its goodness of fit and its robustness enable it to be applied to the optimisation of heat treatments. however. further experiments should be undertaken to validate the model for other species and to d ...	1999	10477071
bacterial populations associated with a sorghum-based fermented weaning cereal.	microbiological surveys, to determine the quality and safety, were conducted on 45 sorghum samples comprising dry powders (n = 15) and corresponding fermented (n = 15) and cooked fermented porridge (n = 15) samples collected from households in an informal settlement of the gauteng province of south africa. mean aerobic plate counts, gram-negative counts and bacterial spore counts of sorghum powder samples decreased in fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples. however, mean lactic acid bac ...	1999	10477073
binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c to phospholipid interfaces, determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.	dissociation constants for binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (bcpi-plc) and the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c-delta(1) to lipid interfaces containing phosphoinositol, phosphocholine, and phosphomethanol head groups were determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. dansyl-labeled lipid probes were used as acceptors, with intrinsic tryptophan of the enzyme as the donor. titration of protein into lipid provided data from ...	1999	10477830
decontamination of human sclera: an in vitro study.	the human sclera is frequently used in ophthalmic surgeries and must be preserved in disinfectants that prevent its contamination. in this study the efficiency of glycerin, absolute alcohol (ethanol), and benzalkonium chloride (1:5,000) as human sclera disinfectants were compared.	1999	10487435
alkaline phosphatase production during sporulation of bacillus cereus.	cell-bound alkaline phosphatase of bacillus cereus was produced during vegetative growth and sporulation in a complex medium. addition of glucose repressed the sporulation process and the amount of enzyme synthesized increased. the time course of alkaline phosphatase production is very similar in both sporulating and non-sporulating cells. irrespective of sporulation, alkaline phosphatase level shows a peak of activity in the exponential phase, and another in the stationary phase of growth. this ...	1999	10489697
detection and characterization of cerein 7, a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus with a broad spectrum of activity.	a bacteriocin-producing strain of bacillus cereus was identified and isolated from a soil sample. the bacteriocin could be purified by a two-step procedure: ammonium sulfate precipitation of culture supernatants followed by a butanol extraction step, the antibiotic was recovered from the organic phase. the peptidic nature of the bacteriocin was proven by its sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes; its molecular mass, determined by mass spectrometry, was 3940 da; and its amino-terminal sequence (gwgd ...	1999	10499284
the 105-kda protein component of bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is a metalloprotease with gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity.	a sequence of 91 amino acids residues, probably starting from the n-terminal of the mature protein, was determined for the 105-kda protein of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin of bacillus cereus. the last part of this sequence was similar to parts of the n-terminal portions of two collagenases of clostridium histolyticum and clostridium perfringens. zymography, with intact collagen fibril and gelatin as substrates, showed that the 105-kda protein had collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity. the 1 ...	1999	10499286
evolution and mechanism from structures of an adp-ribosylating toxin and nad complex.	a member of the bacillus-produced vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) possesses high specificity against the major insect pest, corn rootworms, and belongs to a class of binary toxins and regulators of biological pathways distinct from classical a-b toxins. the 1.5 a resolution crystal structure of the enzymatic adp-ribosyltransferase component, vip2, from bacillus cereus reveals structurally homologous n- and c-terminal alpha/beta domains likely representing the entire class of binary toxin ...	1999	10504727
analysis of transglutaminase-catalyzed isopeptide bonds in paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles from alzheimer's disease.		1999	10507024
carbapenem derivatives as potential inhibitors of various beta-lactamases, including class b metallo-beta-lactamases.	a variety of 1beta-methylcarbapenem derivatives were screened to identify inhibitors of imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, a class b beta-lactamase, in an automated microassay system using nitrocefin as a substrate. the structure-inhibitory-activity relationship study revealed that three types of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having benzothienylthio, dithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinylthio moieties at the c-2 position showed good inhibitory activity. among the compounds screened, j-110,441, having a benzothie ...	1999	10508031
identification of bacillus spores by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry.	unique patterns of biomarkers were reproducibly characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (maldi)-mass spectrometry and were used to distinguish bacillus species members from one another. discrimination at the strain level was demonstrated for bacillus cereus spores. lipophilic biomarkers were invariant in bacillus globigii spores produced in three different media and in b. globigii spores stored for more than 30 years. the sensitivity was less than 5,000 cells deposited for a ...	1999	10508053
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the hemolysin bl enterotoxin complex produced by bacillus cereus.	a total of five hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies against the components of the hemolysin bl (hbl) enterotoxin complex and sphingomyelinase produced by bacillus cereus were established and characterized. monoclonal antibody 2a3 was specific for the b component, antibodies 1a12 and 8b12 were specific for the l(2) component, and antibody 1c2 was specific for the l(1) protein of the hbl enterotoxin complex. no cross-reactivity with other proteins produced by different strains ...	1999	10508077
mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus.	carvacrol, a naturally occurring compound mainly present in the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme, was studied for its effect on bioenergetic parameters of vegetative cells of the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. incubation for 30 min in the presence of 1 to 3 mm carvacrol reduced the viable cell numbers exponentially. carvacrol (2 mm) significantly depleted the intracellular atp pool to values close to 0 within 7 min. no proportional increase of the extracellular atp pool was obse ...	1999	10508096
toxigenic strains of bacillus licheniformis related to food poisoning.	toxin-producing isolates of bacillus licheniformis were obtained from foods involved in food poisoning incidents, from raw milk, and from industrially produced baby food. the toxin detection method, based on the inhibition of boar spermatozoan motility, has been shown previously to be a sensitive assay for the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, cereulide. cell extracts of the toxigenic b. licheniformis isolates inhibited sperm motility, damaged cell membrane integrity, depleted cellular atp, and s ...	1999	10508100
macquarimicin a inhibits membrane-bound neutral sphingomyelinase from rat brain.		1999	10513848
radiation sensitivity of bacillus cereus with and without a crystalline surface protein layer.	the radiation sensitivity of four strains of bacillus cereus was investigated with attention to bacterial surface structure. all four strains were sensitive to radiation with gamma rays (d(10)=0.4 kgy). no crystalline surface protein layer could be detected on the cell surface. when cultured on solid media, an s-layer covered the cells of the two strains, and they were 2.6 times as resistant to radiation as the two reference strains without an s-layer. in sds-page, a major 97-kda band from the r ...	1999	10518726
synthesis and antimicrobial activity in vitro of new amino acids and peptides containing thiazole and oxazole moieties.	2-(pyrrolidinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 5d, 2-(1-aminoalkyl)thiazole-4-carboxamides and hydrazides 8, 10 have been synthesized using alanine, valine, and proline as educts. in addition oxazole amino acids derived from leucine 20a and alanine 20b and some peptides 13, 14, 16 containing the 5-ring heterocyclic backbone modifications have been prepared. the thiazole and oxazole containing amino acids and peptides showed moderate antibacterial activity in vitro against various gram-positive (stap ...	1999	10520298
amplification of fluorescently labelled dna within gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria.	representative organisms from a variety of gram-positive genera were subjected to varying regimes in order to optimise the intracellular amplification of dna. the bacteria were subjected to treatments with paraformaldehyde, muramidases and mild acid hydrolysis to discover which regime made each organism permeable to the amplification reagents yet allowed retention of the fluorescein-labelled amplified products within the cell. scanning electron micrographs were used to corroborate the effectiven ...	1999	10520585
zwittermicin a biosynthetic cluster.	the goal of this study was to identify the biosynthetic cluster for zwittermicin a, a novel, broad spectrum, aminopolyol antibiotic produced by bacillus cereus. the nucleotide sequence of 2.7kb of dna flanking the zwittermicin a self-resistance gene, zmar, from b. cereus uw85 revealed three open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, two had sequence similarity to acyl-coa dehydrogenases and polyketide synthases, respectively. insertional inactivation demonstrated that orf2 is necessary for zwitt ...	1999	10521664
bacillus cereus causing fulminant sepsis and hemolysis in two patients with acute leukemia.	hemolysis is so rarely associated with bacillus cereus sepsis that only two very well documented cases have been reported. this article reports two unusual cases of bacillus cereus sepsis with massive intravascular hemolysis in patients who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all).	1999	10524460
combined action of nisin and carvacrol on bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes.	nisin, a small antimicrobial protein, was tested for its bactericidal action against listeria monocytogenes and bacillus cereus and a typical biphasic reduction of the viable count was observed. the reduction was most fast during the first 10 min of exposure, while the viable count remained stable in the last part of the exposure period. bacillus cereus was more sensitive towards nisin than l. monocytogenes and the inhibitory effect of nisin was stronger towards cells cultivated and exposed at 8 ...	1999	10530038
changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria.	over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ...	1999	10530434
bacteriological studies of blood, tissue fluid, lymph and lymph nodes in patients with acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla) in course of 'filarial' lymphedema.	filarial lymphedema is complicated by frequent episodes of dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla). severe systemic symptoms during attacks of dla resemble those of septicemia. the question we asked was whether bacterial isolates can be found in the peripheral blood of patients during the episodes of dla. out of 100 patients referred to us with 'filarial' lymphedema 14 displayed acute and five subacute symptoms of dla. all were on admission blood microfilariae negative but had a positive test in the pas ...	1999	10546838
complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus.	hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus vkm-b771 has been sequenced. the deduced primary translation product consists of 412 amino acid residues which corresponds to the protein with an m(r) of 45.6 kda. the predicted mature hly-ii protein (residues 32 to 412) is of 42.3 kda, which is in close agreement with the mini-cell electrophoresis analysis. hly-ii deletion variant lacking 96 c-terminal residues still has hemolytic activity. the protein primary structure analysis revealed no homology with a ...	1999	10547438
restriction site insertion-pcr (rsi-pcr) for rapid discrimination and typing of closely related microbial strains.	taking advantage of point mutations between dna sequences of closely related microbial strains, pcr primers modified with respect to the target sequence at positions 2-5 near the 3' end were designed to obtain a fragment harbouring an artificial restriction site specific for a given strain. the modified forward primer coupled with a specific reverse primer allows for the amplification of dna fragments which can be digested with the specific endonuclease only in those strains where the restrictio ...	1999	10547447
antimicrobial activities of several parts of pinus brutia, juniperus oxycedrus, abies cilicia, cedrus libani and pinus nigra.	in this study, the antimicrobial activities of several parts of various trees grown in the kahramanmaraş region of turkey were investigated by the disc diffusion method. chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves, resins, barks, cones and fruits of pinus brutia ten., juniperus oxycedrus l., abies cilicia ant. & kotschy carr., cedrus libani a. rich. and pinus nigra arn. were prepared and tested against bacillus megaterium dsm 32, bacillus subtilis img 22, bacillus cereus fmc 19, escheric ...	1999	10548751
preformed bacterial toxins.	food poisoning syndromes caused by four different bacteria are described. for all types, food kept at a permissive temperature allows growth of the vegetative forms of the bacteria and production of a toxin or toxins. the key features of these syndromes, as well as possible new trends of concern, are summarized in table 1.	1999	10549427
bacillus cereus dissociates hemoglobin and uses released heme as an iron source.	b. cereus can use hemoglobin, heme, and heme-albumin complex as iron sources, but does not use other iron binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. b. cereus digests heme-protein complexes and elicits heme release from the proteins, but does not digest transferrin and lactoferrin. dissociation of heme-proteins corresponded to the use of iron sources by b. cereus. this activity was completely inhibited by edta and phosphoramidon, and metalloendopeptidase inhibitors, therefore it appea ...	1999	10549868
antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture.	curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. the oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees c, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. these fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against bacillus cereus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtil ...	1999	10552805
a novel surfactant nanoemulsion with broad-spectrum sporicidal activity against bacillus species.	two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, bctp and bctp 401, have been developed. these emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. bctp diluted up to 1:1000 inactivated>90% of bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other bacillus species. this sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination without complete outgrowth. bctp 401 diluted 1:1000 had greater activity than bctp against bacillus spores and had ...	1999	10558951
mercury resistance in bacillus cereus rc607: transcriptional organization and two new open reading frames.	the chromosomal mercury resistance determinant of bacillus cereus rc607 confers resistance to inorganic mercury and to organomercurials. the order of genes in the completed mercury resistance determinant is operator-promoter 1 (o/p1) merr1 mert open reading frame 3 (orf3) orf4 mera o/p2 merr2 merb2 merb1. the previously undetermined 1-kb dna sequence between the mera and merb1 genes includes two significant orfs, whose predicted protein products are homologous with merr (the transcriptional regu ...	1999	10559175
thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus spores formed at different temperatures.	the effects of the sporulation temperature in the range 20-45 degrees c on the d and z values of three isolates of bacillus cereus (atcc 4342, 7004 and 9818) were investigated. the strains were found to differ in their response. higher d100 values (around 10-fold) were obtained with isolates 4342 and 9818 when the sporulation temperature increased from 20 to 45 degrees c. with isolate 7004 (the least heat resistant of the three strains), however, the most thermal tolerant spores were obtained at ...	1999	10563465
application of 2 microbioassays for evaluating the pollution present in the xochimilco and lerma-santiago basins].	pollution due to urban-agricultural and urban-industrial activities, on the enzymatic activity of two microorganisms was evaluated. the zones under study are located in the caltongo "embarcadero", in xochimilco, d.f., and the basin of lerma-santiago river, state of mexico. nine and ten stations were established, respectively. samples of water and sediment were taken, in order to determine their ph, salinity, organic matter, as well as the toxic effect produced on escherichia coli beta-galactosid ...	1999	11001710
growth of bacillus cereus in pasteurized milk products.		1999	10728618
ethnomedical aspects of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in ethiopia.	to determine the botanical identity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial property of the commonly used toothbrush sticks in ethiopia.	1999	10734528
an evolutionary classification of the metallo-beta-lactamase fold proteins.	all the detectable metallo-beta-lactamase fold proteins were identified in the publicly available sequence databases and complete genome sequences using iterative profile searches with the psi-blast program and motif searches with position specific weight matrices. the catalytic site/mechanism and the corresponding structural elements were characterized for these proteins based on the available structure of the bacillus zinc-dependent beta-lactamase. based on pair-wise sequence and phylogenetic ...	1999	11471246
macrophage released proteoglycans are involved in cell-mediated aggregation of ldl.	aggregated low density lipoprotein (ldl) is taken up by macrophages at enhanced rate, leading to macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. since macrophages were shown to mediate self aggregation of modified forms of ldl, we sought to study the effect of macrophages on the susceptibility of native ldl to aggregation. incubation of ldl (100 microg of protein/ml) with j-774a.1 macrophage-like cell line for 18 h at 37 degrees c, led to a 114 and 56% enhanced susceptibility of ldl ...	1999	9920506
effect of shift in growth temperature on tolerance of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus to heat and sodium chloride.	a shift in growth temperature of a psychrotrophic (f3802a/84) strain and a mesophilic strain (b4ac-1) of bacillus cereus grown at 30 degrees c for 10 h, then at 37 degrees c or 40 degrees c for 14 h, enhanced thermotolerance. sodium chloride, at concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0% in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth, had no effect on thermotolerance of strain b4ac-1 heated at 50 degrees c, whereas the same concentrations of nacl caused a decrease in thermotolerance of strain f3802a/84 heated at 48 de ...	1999	9921830
phospholipase a2 and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c assays by hplc and tlc with fluorescent substrate.		1999	9918006
a vector for promoter trapping in bacillus cereus.	we constructed a promoter-trap plasmid, pad123, for bacillus cereus. this plasmid contains a promoterless gene that encodes a mutant version of the green fluorescent protein, gfpmut3a, that is optimized for fluorescence-activated cell sorting [cormack, b.p., valdivia, r.h., falkow, s., 1996. facs-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (gfp). gene 173, 33-38.]. the plasmid replicates and confers drug resistance in both escherichia coli and b. cereus. we constructed a library in pad123 ...	1999	9931504
[epidemic outbreak in a home for the aged caused probably by bacillus cereus].	to identify the causative agent and the factors precipitating the outbreak.	1998	9931561
[sporicidal effect of presept and chloramine b on bacillus cereus spores].	the sporicidal effect of presept was compared with chloramine b on the spores of bacillus cereus. either compound was calibrated to the same concentration of active chlorine. while a portion of spore population after 4 hrs of treatment by chloramine germinated and started to divide in a rich nutrient medium, the optical density of the culture inoculated with spores treated by presept did not increase even after 7 hrs when exposed to the nutrient medium. significant morphological differences were ...	1998	9919816
contribution to phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacillus licheniformis and description of new genomovars.	a study of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics was carried out on 182 strains isolated from soil of different geographical areas; the type strains were b. licheniformis, b. subtilis, b. pumilus, b. cereus and b. coagulans. the results showed, primarily on the basis of phenotypic features, that all the isolates belonged to the b. licheniformis species, however dna relatedness studies revealed only 161 to be genetically related to b. licheniformis, the dna relatedness levels ranging from 66 t ...	1998	9924820
screening of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. a critical step for producing anti-idiotypic catalytic antibodies.	in accord with the original approach that we proposed, catalytic antibodies may be produced by using the anti-idiotypic pathway according to antigen/antibody complementarity rules. the generation and screening of the idiotypic ab1, the central point on which are anchored the interactions with both the antigen (enzyme) and the anti-idiotypic abzyme, represent a crucial step for the success of this approach. we herein propose to describe a strategy for which we have developed a number of assays, a ...	1998	9928086
utilization of oligopeptides by listeria monocytogenes scott a.	for effective utilization of peptides, listeria monocytogenes possesses two different peptide transport systems. the first one is the previously described proton motive force (pmf)-driven di- and tripeptide transport system (a. verheul, a. hagting, m.-r. amezaga, i. r. booth, f. m. rombouts, and t. abee, appl. environ. microbiol, 61:226-233, 1995). the present results reveal that l. monocytogenes possesses an oligopeptide transport system, presumably requiring atp rather than the pmf as the driv ...	1998	9501445
influence of structural properties and kinetic constraints on bacillus cereus growth.	the influence of structural properties and kinetic constraints on the behavior of bacillus cereus was investigated on agar media. dimensional criteria were used to study the growth in bacterial colonies. the architecture of the agar gel as modified by the agar content was found to influence the colony size, and smaller colonies were observed on media containing 50 to 70 g of agar liter-1. except at low nutrient levels, colonies responded to nutrient gradients by decreasing in size the farther aw ...	1998	9501447
antibacterial and chemical evaluation of chromolaena moritziana.	chromolaena moritziana (sch. bip. ex hieron.) king & robin. (asteraceae) is used in local ethnomedicine as an anticatarrhal, a depurative and in the treatment of skin diseases. this ethnopharmacological information has a direct correlation with that reported for other chromolaena species. dichloromethane and aqueous extracts from the leaves as well as ethyl acetate extracts from the flowers have shown antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and a uv-v light effect was not observed a ...	1998	9507905
identification of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases in helicobacter pylori.	we demonstrated for the first time the presence of sphingomyelinase (smase) in helicobacter pylori. activation of smase has been implicated as the cause of elevation of cellular ceramide levels and consequently of apoptosis. the data indicate that there are two classes of smase, defined by their optimal phs and cellular locations, existing in h. pylori. one is an mg(2+)-dependent membrane-bound enzyme with an optimal activity at ph 7, and the other is an mg(2+)-independent cytosolic enzyme with ...	1998	9512367
utilization of phosphatidylcholine and production of diradylglycerol as a consequence of sphingomyelin synthesis.	1. after the degradation of cell-surface sphingomyelin (sm) by exogenous sphingomyelinase (smase), the resynthesis of sm by baby-hamster kidney (bhk) and human leukaemia-60 (hl-60) cells was examined in relation to utilization of substrate phosphatidylcholine (ptdcho) and generation of the expected product, diradylglycerol (drg). using [3h]choline-labelled bhk cells incubated in non-radioactive medium, smase caused a release of phosphocholine, which was derived approximately equally from sm and ...	1998	9512487
regulation and characterization of a newly deduced cell wall hydrolase gene (cwlj) which affects germination of bacillus subtilis spores.	the predicted amino acid sequence of bacillus subtilis ycbq (renamed cwlj) exhibits high similarity to those of the deduced c-terminal catalytic domain of slebs, the specific cortex-hydrolyzing enzyme of b. cereus and the deduced one of b. subtilis. we constructed a cwlj::lacz fusion in the b. subtilis chromosome. the beta-galactosidase activity and results of northern hybridization and primer extension analyses of the cwlj gene indicated that it is transcribed by esigmae rna polymerase. cwlj-de ...	1998	9515903
gibbilimbols a-d, cytotoxic and antibacterial alkenylphenols from piper gibbilimbum.	fractionation of the petroleum ether extract from the leaves of piper gibbilimbum collected in papua new guinea afforded four new alkenylphenols, gibbilimbols a-d (1-4). the structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1d- and 2d-nmr spectroscopy. gibbilimbols a-d were found to be toxic to brine shrimp with an lc50 of approximately 5 microg/ml. gibbilimbols a-d were further found to be cytotoxic toward kb nasopharyngal carcinoma cells (ed50 7.8-2.1 microg/ml). all ...	1998	9677279
identification of bacillus cereus by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) for rapid identification of bacillus cereus isolates. ten b. cereus group isolates (comprising b. cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis strains), five other bacillus spp., and five non-bacillus spp. were used. two types of media, brain heart infusion (bhi) and trypticase soy agar (tsa), were tested. the results indicated that all b. cereus group isolates produced characteri ...	1998	9678183
estimating the growth rate of a bacterial species in a complex mixture by hybridization of genomic dna	> abstract advances in molecular techniques have enabled new approaches to identifying bacteria. however, once identified, there is no quantitative information on the in situ growth rate of the species, mainly because the technology has not been available. the quantitative incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine into dividing bacteria is coupled with a molecular (hybridization) method, to determine the growth rate of bacterial species in situ. the basis of this molecular method is a reverse gene p ...	1998	9688773
clustered proline residues around the active-site cleft in thermostable oligo-1,6-glucosidase of bacillus flavocaldarius kp1228.	the gene that coded for a cellular oligo-1,6-glucosidase (dextrin 6-alpha-d-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.10) in bacillus flavocaldarius kp1228 (ferm-p9542) cells growing at 51-82 degrees c was expressed in escherichia coli jm109. the enzyme had a half-life of 10 min at 89.2 degrees c. purification of the enzyme and its characterization showed that the enzyme was identical with the native one. its primary structure of 529 residues with a molecular weight of 61,469 deduced from the gene was 40-42% i ...	1998	9692189
purification and partial characterization of a neutral protease from a virulent strain of bacillus cereus.	the factors involved in the pathogenesis of bacillus cereus (b. cereus) in non-gastrointestinal diseases are poorly investigated. some researchers suggest that b. cereus proteases may be involved in these illnesses. the aim of this work was to purify and characterize a protease isolated from a virulent strain of b. cereus to explain its assumptive damaging effect. the enzyme was purified in a four-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation, bio-gel filtration ...	1998	9693959
structure of the key toxin in gas gangrene.	clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is the key virulence determinant in gas gangrene and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of sudden death syndrome in young animals. the toxin is a 370-residue, zinc metalloenzyme that has phospholipase c activity, and can bind to membranes in the presence of calcium. the crystal structure of the enzyme reveals a two-domain protein. the n-terminal domain shows an anticipated structural similarity to bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-specific phosphol ...	1998	9699639
[morphologic detection of bacillus cereus in blank cartridges].	wound infections after gunshot wounds from live ammunition can produce serious complications. it is well known that projectiles per se are neither sterile nor does their firing cause sterilization. the germs on the surface of a projectile enter the body together with the projectile and are thus introduced into the wound together with skin bacteria. however it is less known that wound infections can occur in wounds caused by the gas jet from blank ammunition (mainly from shots at very close range ...	1998	9701752
current microbiological status of 'health foods' sold in canada.	a follow-up survey was conducted across canada to evaluate the current status of 'health foods' sold in canada. a total of 1239 sample units of 'health foods' were analysed for a variety of bacteria, including aerobic colony counts (acc), coliforms, aerobic and anaerobic sporeformers, escherichia coli and bacillus cereus. results presented indicate that 16.8-18.4% of the 'health foods' exceed acc guidelines, 16.0-17.8% exceeded coliform guidelines, 35.7% exceeded aerobic sporeformer guidelines, ...	1998	9706793
effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures on the removal of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus from infant feeding bottles.	reconstituted infant milk formulas are considered a food class of high risk because of the susceptibility of the infant population to enteric bacterial pathogens, severe response to enterotoxins, and increased mortality. twenty infant feeding bottles, contaminated with different levels of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus, were subjected in triplicate to a variety of commonly used cleaning and disinfection procedures although thorough cleaning reduced microbial numbers, it did not remove all b. ce ...	1998	9708281
phospholipase c hydrolysis of phospholipids in bilayers of mixed lipid compositions.	phosphatidylcholine phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from bacillus cereus has been assayed with substrates in the form of large unilamellar vesicles. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (also a substrate for the enzyme), sphingomyelin, and cholesterol have been mixed in various proportions, in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. a lag period, followed by a burst of enzyme activity, has been found in all cases. the activity burst was always accompanied by an increase in turbidity of t ...	1998	9709000
duplex (thermotroph-psychrotroph) quadrant plates: convenient, error-avoiding tools for monitoring of haccp-contained food lines and for epidemiological investigations under conditions of military or other constraints.	a set of two "two-tier" (thermotroph-psychrotroph) single quadrant plates (qps) was developed previously to allow convenient enumeration of numbers of colony-forming units of most pertinent pathogenic bacteria or marker bacteria in foods. these include listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, thermotrophic and psychrotrophic enterobacteriaceae, clostridium spp., and enterococcus spp. as the qps had given excellent results in monitoring samples of marketed food products pot ...	1998	9709209
combined effects of ph, nisin, and temperature on growth and survival of psychrotrophic bacillus cereus.	growth of vegetative cells and outgrowth of spores of enterotoxigenic psychrotrophic bacillus cereus in refrigerated minimally processed food products is a public health concern. a study was undertaken to determine the combined effects of ph, nisin, and temperature on growth and survival of 20 strains of b. cereus. the minimum growth temperatures in tryptic soy broth (ph 7.3) and brain heart infusion broth (bhi broth, ph 7.4) were 5 degrees c for two strains and 8 degrees c for five other strain ...	1998	9709228
chemical and bacteriological characteristics of pichtogalo chanion cheese and mesophilic starter cultures for its production.	sixty-two samples of pichtogalo chanion cheese traditionally produced in crete, a few (3 to 6) days old, were analyzed for some chemical and bacteriological characteristics. the results of physicochemical analyses were as follows: (1) moisture content 61.63% (standard deviation 4.67); (2) fat in dry matter 54.03% (sd 7.73); (3) protein content 14.23% (sd 1.72); (4) salt content 1.02% (sd 0.38); (5) water activity (aw) 0.990 (sd 0.003); and (6) ph 4.36 (sd 0.25). none of the samples yielded salmo ...	1998	9709250
microbiological quality of hot meals served by airlines.	the microbiological quality of 1,012 hot meals served on aircraft was studied in 1991 to 1994. the material included dishes prepared in 33 countries all over the world. the geometric means of aerobic colony counts and escherichia coli were significantly lower in breakfasts (p < 0.05) than in main dishes. pathogenic bacteria were found in 30 samples (3.0%), bacillus cereus being the most common pathogen. the frequencies of b. cereus and staphylococcus aureus did not differ between breakfasts and ...	1998	9713771
antibacterial properties of extracts from selected planktonic freshwater cyanobacteria--a comparative study of bacterial bioassays.	aqueous and methanol extracts from five selected cyanobacteria were examined for antibacterial properties in six different bacterial bioassays. all five cyanobacteria revealed antibacterial properties. methanol extracts made from tychonema bourrellyi, aphanizomenon flos-aquae and cylindrospermopsis raciborskii showed the most pronounced inhibitory effects, aqueous extracts made from microcystis aeruginosa and t. bourrellyi possessed evident antibacterial properties. the bacterial bioassays were ...	1998	9717298
isolation, purification and partial characterization of plantaricin 423, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus plantarum.	lactobacillus plantarum 423, isolated from sorghum beer, produces a bacteriocin (plantaricin 423) which is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including bacillus cereus, clostridium sporogenes, enterococcus faecalis, listeria spp. and staphylococcus spp. plantaricin 423 is resistant to treatment at 80 degrees c, but loses 50% of its activity after 60 min at 100 degrees c and 75% of its activity after autoclaving (121 degrees c, 15 min). plantaricin 423 remains ...	1998	9717299
phospholipase cleavage of glycosylphosphatidylinositol reconstituted in liposomal membranes.	glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) purified from rat liver lipids was incorporated into lipid bilayers of defined compositions, in the form of large unilamellar vesicles. the gpi concentration in the bilayers was kept constant at 25 mole%, whereas the remaining lipids being phosphatidylcholine, phosphastidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and/or cholesterol were varied. the resulting liposomes consisted of spherical vesicles, approximately 100 nm in diameter, that could keep their aqueous contents s ...	1998	9720914
sporulation temperature affects initiation of germination and inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure of bacillus cereus.	the influence of sporulation temperature (20, 30 and 37 degrees c) on the heat resistance and initiation of germination and inactivation by high pressure on bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores was investigated. spores sporulated at 37 degrees c were the most heat-resistant. however, spores sporulated at 20 degrees c were more resistant to the initiation of germination and inactivation by high pressure. spores were more sensitive to pressure at higher treatment temperatures. at 25 degrees c, there ...	1998	9721652
discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group by pcr targeting of major cold shock protein genes.	detection of psychrotrophic strains (those able to grow at or below 7 degreesc) of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides) in food products is at present extremely slow with conventional microbiology. this is due to an inability to discriminate these cold-adapted strains from their mesophilic counterparts (those able to grow only above 7 degreesc) by means other than growth at low temperature, which takes 5 to 10 days for detection. here we repo ...	1998	9726910
crystal structure of the zinc-dependent beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus at 1.9 a resolution: binuclear active site with features of a mononuclear enzyme.	the structure of the zinc-dependent beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus has been determined at 1.9 a resolution in a crystal form with two molecules in the asymmetric unit and 400 waters (space group p3121; rcryst = 20.8%). the active site contains two zinc ions: zn1 is tightly coordinated by his86, his88, and his149, while zn2 is loosely coordinated by asp90, cys168, and his210. a water molecule (w1) lies between the two zinc ions but is significantly closer to zn1 and at a distance of only ...	1998	9730812
bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov.	previous dna relatedness studies showed that strains identified as bacillus mycoides segregated into two genetically distinct yet phenotypically similar groups, one being b. mycoides sensu stricto and the other, an unclassified taxon. in the present study, the taxonomic position of this second group was assessed by measuring dna relatedness and determining phenotypic characteristics of an increased number of b. mycoides strains. also determined was the second group's 16s rna gene sequence. the 3 ...	1998	9734060
prevalence of food-borne pathogens and growth potential of salmonella in weaning foods from addis ababa, ethiopia.	one hundred samples of ready-to-consume feeding bottle contents from outpatient infants were examined for the presence of salmonella, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus. nearly all samples had very high gross bacterial contamination. three salmonella isolates were encountered from bottle contents made of cow's milk and gruel made from cereal blend. all belonged to group d. of the 108, isolates 67 were staph. aureus and 38 were b. cereus. the potential of salmonella spp to grow in weaning ...	1998	9745837
modulation of enzymatic activity and biological function of listeria monocytogenes broad-range phospholipase c by amino acid substitutions and by replacement with the bacillus cereus ortholog.	the secreted broad-range phosphatidylcholine (pc)-preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc) of listeria monocytogenes plays a role in the bacterium's ability to escape from phagosomes and spread from cell to cell. based on comparisons with two orthologs, clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and bacillus cereus plc (plcbc), we generated pc-plc mutants with altered enzymatic activities and substrate specificities and analyzed them for biological function in tissue culture and mouse models of infection. t ...	1998	9746585
surface structure, hydrophobicity, phagocytosis, and adherence to matrix proteins of bacillus cereus cells with and without the crystalline surface protein layer.	nonopsonic phagocytosis of bacillus cereus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) with particular attention to bacterial surface properties and structure was studied. two reference strains (atcc 14579(t) and atcc 4342) and two clinical isolates (oh599 and oh600) from periodontal and endodontic infections were assessed for adherence to matrix proteins, such as type i collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen. one-day-old cultures of strains oh599 and oh600 were readily ingested by pmns ...	1998	9746594
bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus.	carvacrol, a natural plant constituent occurring in oregano and thyme, was investigated for its bactericidal effect towards the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. carvacrol showed a dose-related growth inhibition of b. cereus. at concentration of 0.75 mmol l-1 and above, total inhibition of the growth was observed. below this concentration, carvacrol extended the lag-phase, reduced the specific growth rate and reduced the maximum population density. incubation for 40 min in the presence of 0.7 ...	1998	9750293