Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [statistics on case finding in deafness in children]. | 2003 | 142801 | |
| design of eyedropper tips for topical beta-blocking agents. | 2003 | 2873745 | |
| a rapid blood lactate assay using a centrifugal analyser and 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide. | 2003 | 194928 | |
| [endolaryngeal nevocarcinoma]. | 2003 | 142805 | |
| follicular contact dermatitis due to formaldehyde. | 2 patients with textile contact dermatitis due to formaldehyde developed follicular, papular lesions. histologically these papules showed eczematous changes in the follicular epidermis and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the dermis around the involved follicle. the skin between the papules was intact. it is suggested that the concept of "dermal" contact sensitivity does not fit for the explanation of papular dermatitis due to formaldehyde. | 2003 | 145383 |
| [diagnostic value of determining the steroid hormones in the amniotic fluid in prolonged pregnancy]. | 2003 | 143216 | |
| [effect of hemodialysis on the atpase activity of erythrocytes]. | 2003 | 143151 | |
| blood chemistry and lipid profiles of elite distance runners. | in summary, we conclude that the analysis of the blood profiles of elite runners offers no explanation for their superior fitness of physical ability when compared to the good runners. selected enzymes related to cellular or tissue damage may be elevated in distance runners and could be classified as abnormal on routine clinical evaluation if unaware of their physical lifestyles. it is also important to note that certain blood profile parameters, especially the hematocrit, could be classified as ... | 2003 | 201207 |
| rheological studies of the contractile force within platelet-fibrin clots: effects of prostaglandin e1, dibutyryl-camp and dibutyryl-cgmp. | 2003 | 219559 | |
| [results following ovarian cyst puncture using laparoscopy]. | 154 aspirations of ovary cysts by laparoscopy are reported. 16% of cysts have relapsed after 1 till 7 years. cytologic investigation and investigation of tissue of cysts are recommended. the advantages of aspiration by laparoscopy over the vaginal blind aspiration are discussed. | 2003 | 148824 |
| [indications of temporo-frontal and delto-pectoral flaps in cervico-facial cancerology. apropos of 85 cases]. | 2003 | 155723 | |
| metric characteristics of the bones of the hand in the black race. i. the metacarpal bones. | 2003 | 308910 | |
| the equilibrium constant and the reversibility of the reaction catalysed by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide kinase from pigeon liver. | the reversibility of the nad+ kinase reaction was established, and the kinetic parameters of the rate equation in the reverse direction were determined. the equilibrium constant of the reaction was determined by using the purified pigeon liver enzyme and radioactively labelled nicotinamide nucleotides. the relationship between kinetic parameters of the forward and reverse reactions is in reasonable agreement with the measured equilibrium constant. as expected from the proposed mechanism of actio ... | 2003 | 201249 |
| [surgical treatment of cancer of the lung]. | 2003 | 219397 | |
| cytolytic and proliferative activity of a permanent t killer cell line. | 2003 | 154065 | |
| summed up results of a clinico-genetic study on children with langdon-down's disease. | 2003 | 153260 | |
| federation dentaire internationale. | 2003 | 275429 | |
| [radioprotective effects of ym-08310 on normal and malignant tissues (author's transl)]. | 2003 | 213767 | |
| [guidelines for the recognition, prevention and control of hospital infections]. | 2003 | 187868 | |
| collection of hordeum spontaneum c. koch emend. bacht. from southwest asia studied in the neighborhood of moscow. | wild barley hordeum spontaneum c. emend. is of interest from several aspects (bakhteev, 1974). it is not only a very near relative of cultivated barley h. sativum jessen, but also a potentially very promising donor for use in hybridization. with these facts in mind and, in particular, recalling n. i. vavilov's remarks [on the occasion of publication of r. e. regel's article "on the origin of cultivated barleys" (1917)], appropriate investigations were started. in the present case 77 specimens of ... | 2003 | 162039 |
| [roentgenologic study of diffuse scleroderma (author's transl)]. | 2003 | 162139 | |
| huntington's disease. cerebrospinal fluid gaba levels in at-risk individuals. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) was measured by the ion-exchange fluorometric method in csf from 22 individuals at risk for huntington's disease (hd), six individuals with hd, and five neurologically normal controls. the mean (+/- sd) gaba level in the specimens from patients with hd was 142 +/- 27 pmoles/ml, whereas that of the normal control specimens was 297 +/- 87 pmoles/ml. the mean gaba level of the specimens from the individuals at risk for hd was 209 +/- 79 pmoles/ml; however, nine of the ... | 2003 | 152621 |
| [evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of paradentosis therapy (author's transl)]. | the x2 test of goodness of fit was used to assess the correlation between empirically determined distributions of a number of characteristics used in parodontology and the model of normal distribution. there was found a more or less pronounced asymmetry in the statistical distributions of some clinical and biochemical tests. it is recommended to use 10g x or square root of x in order to achieve approximation to the normal distribution. inaccuracies in interpretation of clinical data due to negle ... | 2003 | 152529 |
| [u. m. mirakhmedov]. | 2003 | 152029 | |
| [electroneuromyography and condition of the neuromuscular spindles in collagenoses]. | 2003 | 153588 | |
| [50th anniversary of the unveiling of the wilhelm-konrad-röntgen memorial in leningrad]. | 2003 | 149334 | |
| relationships among the secretion of acth, gh, and cortisol during the insulin-induced hypoglycemia test in the normal and obese child. | the behavior of the secretion of acth, gh, and plasma cortisol during the insulin-induced hypoglycemia test on normal and obese children was studied. the secretion of the above-mentioned hormones was determined by calculating the integrals of the curves. the mean values of the integrals of the plasma cortisol and acth curves do not show any significant differences between the two groups of children. the mean values of the ratios between the integrals of the plasma cortisol and acth curves show a ... | 2003 | 165219 |
| liver surface characteristics as observed during laparoscopy correlated with biopsy findings. | 2003 | 153256 | |
| structure-function analysis of invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) from shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans, characterized by severe localized inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. shigellosis most often targets young children in underdeveloped countries. invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) has been identified as the primary effector protein for shigella invasion of epithelial cells. although an initial model of ipac function has been developed, no detailed structural information is available that could assist in a better un ... | 2003 | 12427760 |
| human lactoferrin impairs virulence of shigella flexneri. | lactoferrin is a glycoprotein present in most human mucosal secretions, including human milk. lactoferrin is bacteriostatic in low iron media and, in some settings, bactericidal. lactoferrin impairs ability of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t to invade hela cells. to determine the mechanism by which lactoferrin decreases invasiveness of shigella organisms, its effect on the major virulence proteins responsible for bacterial uptake by host cells was evaluated. lactoferrin induced degradat ... | 2003 | 12508150 |
| sporadic enteric reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy: evidence for involvement of salmonella typhimurium. | to define the candidate bacterial trigger and cytokine profile of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (sfmc) in patients with sporadic enteric reactive arthritis (rea) and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uspa). | 2003 | 12508398 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in bangladesh. | the serotypes of 144 strains of shigella flexneri serotype 1 (serotypes 1a, 1b, and 1c) isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, between 1997 and 2001 were serologically confirmed by using commercially available antisera and a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for s. flexneri group and type factor antigen (masf). among serotype 1 isolates, the prevalence of provisional serotype s. flexneri 1c increa ... | 2003 | 12517835 |
| [simultaneous expression of cs3 colonization factor antigen and lt-b/st fusion enterotoxin antigen of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by attenuated shigella flexneri 2a]. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) causes watery dehydrating diarrhea in infants in developing countries, and is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea. it has been known that the colonazition factor antigens (cfas) and enterotoxins are important virulence factors of etec, and these two kinds of proteins should be included in any effective vaccine against etec. in this study, a host-plasmid lethal balancing system was constructed based on asd gene in an avirulent strain of s.flexneri ... | 2003 | 12518227 |
| putrescine or a combination of methionine and arginine restores virulence gene expression in a trna modification-deficient mutant of shigella flexneri: a possible role in adaptation of virulence. | the wild-type strain ysh6000 of shigella flexneri growing in minimal medium contains the modified nucleoside epoxy-q (oq) in a subset of trnas. this nucleoside is lacking in trna from a tgt mutant of this bacterium. when these bacteria are growing in minimal medium, the expression of virulence genes is 10-fold lower in the tgt mutant than in the wild type, although only a twofold reduction in the expression of these virulence factors is observed in broth. such a strong media-dependant expression ... | 2003 | 12519201 |
| the magnificent seven. | 2003 | 12526849 | |
| nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (mdp) detection. | nod2 activates the nf-kappab pathway following intracellular stimulation by bacterial products. recently, mutations in nod2 have been shown to be associated with crohn's disease, suggesting a role for bacteria-host interactions in the etiology of this disorder. we show here that nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through the recognition of muramyl dipeptide (mdp), the minimal bioactive peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria. moreover, the 3020insc frameshift mutation, the most frequen ... | 2003 | 12527755 |
| immunogenicity of an hiv-1 gag dna vaccine carried by attenuated shigella. | the use of live attenuated invasive bacteria as a carrier for dna-based vaccines has been reported recently. in this study, we used a shigella flexneri serotype 2a rfbf mutant for immunization of a dna vaccine coding for hiv-1 sf2 gag. the recombinant bacterial vector delivered gag dna to mammalian cells in vitro resulting in gag protein expression, and was found to have a low level of pathogenicity among a number of shigella cell spread defective mutants tested. intranasal immunization of mice ... | 2003 | 12531333 |
| an extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein h-ns in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of shigella flexneri. | the h-ns nucleoid structuring protein has been shown previously to play a negative role in controlling virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri by repressing transcription of the virf and virb regulatory genes and the virf-dependent icsa structural gene under non-permissive growth conditions. here, we show that h-ns also acts at the promoters of the virb-dependent structural genes in the regulatory cascade. h-ns protein binds to the promoter regions in vivo and in vitro. the promoters were ... | 2003 | 12535079 |
| rational design and synthesis of peptide ligands for an anti-carbohydrate antibody and their immunochemical characterization. | molecular mimics of carbohydrates present an alternative source of compounds to target pathways involving protein-carbohydrate interactions. certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in binding to anti-carbohydrate antibodies. a series of potential peptide ligands for the anti-carbohydrate antibody sya/j6, directed against shigella flexneri y, was designed by molecular modeling based on a crystal structure of the antibody complex with a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide. these octapep ... | 2003 | 12538009 |
| molecular epidemiology of the srl pathogenicity island. | the shigella resistance locus (srl), which is carried on the srl pathogenicity island (pai) in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000, mediates resistance to the antibiotics streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. in the present study, we investigated the distribution and structural variation of the srl and the srl pai in 71 shigella isolates and 28 other enteric pathogens by pcr and southern analysis. the srl and srl-related loci, although absent from the other enteric pathogens eval ... | 2003 | 12543684 |
| identification of substrates and chaperone from the yersinia enterocolitica 1b ysa type iii secretion system. | all pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica strains carry the pyv plasmid encoding the ysc-yop type iii secretion (tts) system, which operates at 37 degrees c. in addition, biovar 1b y. enterocolitica strains possess a second, chromosomally encoded, tts system called ysa, which operates, at least in vitro, under low-temperature and high-salt (lths) conditions. six open reading frames, sycb, yspb, yspc, yspd, yspa, and acpy, neighbor the ysa genes encoding the ysa tts apparatus. here we show that yspa ... | 2003 | 12496172 |
| analysis of vir protein translocation from agrobacterium tumefaciens using saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model: evidence for transport of a novel effector protein vire3. | agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease on a variety of plants. during the infection process agrobacterium transfers a nucleoprotein complex, the vird2 t-complex, and at least two vir proteins, vire2 and virf, into the plant cell via the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system. recently, we found that t-dna could also be transferred from agrobacterium to saccharomyces cerevisiae. here, we describe a novel method to also detect trans-kingdom vir protein transfer from agrobacterium to yeas ... | 2003 | 12560481 |
| helical structure of the needle of the type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with animal and plant hosts using type iii secretion systems (ttsss) for translocation of proteins into eukaryotic cells during infection. 10 of the 25 ttss-encoding genes are homologous to components of the bacterial flagellar basal body, which the ttss needle complex morphologically resembles. this indicates a common ancestry, although no ttss sequence homologues for the genes encoding the flagellum are found. we here present an approximately 16-a struc ... | 2003 | 12571230 |
| bordetella type iii secretion induces caspase 1-independent necrosis. | the bordetella bronchiseptica type iii (tiii) secretion system induces cytotoxicity in infected macrophages and epithelial cells. in this report we characterize the cell death phenotype and compare it to the tiii-dependent cytotoxicity induced by yersinia enterocolitica and shigella flexneri. bordetella bronchiseptica strain rb58 was able to induce cell death in j774a.1 macrophages with the same efficiency as shigella and yersinia, but only b. bronchiseptica was able to kill epithelial cells in ... | 2003 | 12580948 |
| three-way interactions among the sfh, stpa and h-ns nucleoid-structuring proteins of shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t. | shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t has been found to express sfh, a new member of the h-ns-like family of nucleoid-structuring proteins. with h-ns and its paralogue, stpa, this brings to three the number of these proteins expressed in this bacterium. this raises the possibility that three-way interactions may occur in s. flexneri among these proteins and between the proteins and each other's genes. such three-way interactions among h-ns-like proteins have not been described previously. the expres ... | 2003 | 12787365 |
| protective efficacy of oral immunization with heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a in animal model: study of cross protection, immune response and antigenic recognition. | oral immunization of rabbits with four doses of 10(11) heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a showed 100% protection against challenge with virulent s. flexneri 2a. after orally immunizing guinea pigs with four doses of heat-killed s. flexneri 2a 100% protection could be shown against ocular challenge with the same virulent s. flexneri 2a strain but this conferred no protection against challenge with shigella dysenteriae type 1. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblot experiments b ... | 2003 | 12798648 |
| identification of ranbmp interacting with shigella flexneri ipac invasin by two-hybrid system of yeast. | bacillary dysentery caused by shigella flexneri is still a threat to human health. of four invasion plasmid antigen proteins (ipaa,b,c and d), ipac plays an important role in the pathogenicity of this pathogen. the purpose of this study was to investigate the proteins interacting with ipac in the host cell during the pathogenic process of this disease. | 2003 | 12800254 |
| the escherichia fergusonii iucabcd iuta genes are located within a larger chromosomal region similar to pathogenicity islands. | three strains of escherichia fergusonii (ef873, ef1496, ef939) of 50 strains tested produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. screening of a cosmid library of the strain ef873 chromosomal dna (in aerobactin nonproducing escherichia coli vcs257) for aerobactin production identified iucabcd and iuta gene orthologues. the predicted iucabcd and iuta proteins showed 59-65% identity to the corresponding proteins of shigella flexneri and e. coli. aerobactin molecules synthesized by e. fergusonii ... | 2003 | 12800494 |
| decontamination of seeds for seed sprout production by high hydrostatic pressure. | garden cress, sesame, radish, and mustard seeds immersed in water were treated with high pressure (250, 300, 350, and 400 mpa) for 15 min at 20 degrees c. after treatment, percentages of seeds germinating on water agar were recorded for up to 11 days. of the seeds tested, radish seeds were found to be the most pressure sensitive, with seeds treated at 250 mpa reaching 100% germination 9 days later than untreated control seeds did. garden cress seeds, on the other hand, were the most pressure res ... | 2003 | 12800989 |
| in vitro dna-binding properties of virb, the shigella flexneri virulence regulatory protein. | the dna-binding activity of the shigella flexneri virb transcription factor was studied in vitro. the protein was found to bind non-specifically to dna, but showed preferential binding to virb-dependent promoter sequences. dna binding was contingent on the presence of an intact helix-turn-helix motif. while high molecular mass protein-dna complexes were formed in both specific and non-specific interactions with dna, mutant derivatives of virb lacking a leucine zipper domain or a carboxyl-termina ... | 2003 | 12804772 |
| a role for vasp in rhoa-diaphanous signalling to actin dynamics and srf activity. | vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp) is involved in multiple actin-mediated processes, including regulation of serum response factor (srf) activity. we used the srf transcriptional assay to define functional domains in vasp and to show that they coincide with those required for f-actin accumulation, as determined by a quantitative facs assay. we identified inactive vasp mutants that can interfere both with f-actin assembly and with srf activation by wild-type vasp. these vasp mutants als ... | 2003 | 12805219 |
| escherichia albertii sp. nov., a diarrhoeagenic species isolated from stool specimens of bangladeshi children. | the taxonomic position of a group of five d-sorbitol- and lactose-negative enterobacterial isolates recovered from diarrhoeal stools of children at the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was investigated by dna-dna hybridization, phenotypic characterization and 16s rdna sequencing. these strains were originally identified as 'hafnia alvei-like' with the api 20e system but, in fact, show more phenotypic and genotypic resemblance to members of the genus esc ... | 2003 | 12807204 |
| the invasive phenotype of shigella flexneri directs a distinct gene expression pattern in the human intestinal epithelial cell line caco-2. | invasion of the human colonic epithelium by shigella flexneri causes inflammation that disrupts the intestinal barrier. invaded intestinal epithelial cells are the major source of mediators recruiting the inflammatory infiltrate. to better characterize the global response of intestinal epithelial cells to shigella invasion, caco-2 cells were infected by an invasive isolate of s. flexneri 5a, and their transcriptome was analyzed by affymetrix (santa clara, ca) microarrays (12,000 genes) and compa ... | 2003 | 12813033 |
| a newborn mouse model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of shigellosis. | shigella infection is characterized by the induction of acute inflammation, which is responsible for the massive tissue destruction of the intestinal mucosa. a murine model would be a valuable tool for gaining a better understanding of the physiopathology of shigellosis and the host immune response to shigella infection, but adult mice do not develop disease upon oral inoculation. we therefore attempted to develop a model of infection in newborn mice. four-day-old mice inoculated with 50 microl ... | 2003 | 12814438 |
| a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium translocated leucine-rich repeat effector protein inhibits nf-kappa b-dependent gene expression. | nontyphoidal salmonellae are enteric pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis and colonize the intestinal tract for prolonged periods. in the intestinal epithelia, these bacteria induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8), which leads to a profound inflammatory response through recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. production of il-8 induced by salmonella spp. is due to the activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappa b) and a ... | 2003 | 12819095 |
| infectious agent and immune response characteristics of chronic enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques. | chronic enterocolitis is the leading cause of morbidity in colonies of captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). this study's aim was to identify the common enteric pathogens frequently associated with chronic enterocolitis in normal, immunocompetent rhesus monkeys and to elucidate the influence of this clinical syndrome on the host immune system. we analyzed the fecal specimens from 100 rhesus macaques with or without clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea. retrospective analysis revealed an inc ... | 2003 | 12819098 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella in a taiwan township during 1996 to 2000. | a previously identified shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain was responsible for an outbreak of shigellosis in a taiwan township in august 1996. in order to find the relationship between this outbreak strain and subsequent shigella infections in the area, 59, 47, 35, and 20 shigella isolates recovered in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively, were collected and typed by serological and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) techniques. of these 161 isolates, 139 isolates were s. flexneri ser ... | 2003 | 12843047 |
| connexin-dependent inter-cellular communication increases invasion and dissemination of shigella in epithelial cells. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillar dystentery, invades the colonic mucosa where it elicits an intense inflammatory reaction responsible for destruction of the epithelium. during cell invasion, contact with host cells activates the type-iii secretion of the shigella ipab and ipac proteins. ipab and ipac are inserted into host cell plasma membranes and trigger initial signals that result in actin polymerization, while allowing cytosolic access of other bacterial effectors that furt ... | 2003 | 12844145 |
| the glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid. | strains of escherichia coli k-12, o157:h7, and shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase in complex unbuffered media can survive for several hours at ph 2.5. this stationary-phase acid resistance phenotype is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor sigmas and the supplementation of either glutamate or glutamine in the acidified media used for acid challenge. acid resistance under these defined conditions can be inhibited by the glutamate analog l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid which ... | 2003 | 12855178 |
| the actin-based motility defect of a shigella flexneri rmld rough lps mutant is not due to loss of icsa polarity. | shigella flexneri requires the outer membrane protein icsa(virg) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) for efficient actin-based motility (abm) within mammalian cells which is essential for virulence. wild type strains of s. flexneri 2a such as 2457t have smooth lps whose o antigen (oag) chains have two modal lengths and icsa predominantly located at one pole on their cell surface. in contrast, rough lps mutants lack oag chains, have icsa on lateral and polar regions of the cell surface, and are defectiv ... | 2003 | 12860454 |
| rickettsial actin-based motility: behavior and involvement of cytoskeletal regulators. | actin-based motility (abm) is employed by spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, such as rickettsia rickettsii, to promote cell-to-cell spread. time-lapse video microscopy revealed that abm is not strictly confined to sfg rickettsiae as typhus group r. typhi moved at approximately the same rate as r. rickettsii (approximately 4 micro m/min), but in a highly erratic fashion. a number of common behaviors were observed between abm of r. typhi and r. rickettsii, such as entrance into plasma membrane ... | 2003 | 12860687 |
| mxik and mxin interact with the spa47 atpase and are required for transit of the needle components mxih and mxii, but not of ipa proteins, through the type iii secretion apparatus of shigella flexneri. | the type iii secretion (tts) pathway is used by numerous gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence factors into eukaryotic cells. the shigella flexneri tts apparatus (ttsa) spans the bacterial envelope and its assembly requires the products of approximately 20 mxi and spa genes. we present a functional analysis of the mxik, mxin and mxil genes. inactivation of mxik and mxin, but not mxil, resulted in the assembly of a non-functional ttsa that lacked the outer needle. the amounts of needle comp ... | 2003 | 12864857 |
| trna-guanine transglycosylase from e. coli: a ping-pong kinetic mechanism is consistent with nucleophilic catalysis. | trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is a key enzyme in the post-transcriptional modification of certain trnas with the pyrrolopyrimidine base queuine. tgt is required for pathogenicity in shigella flexneri, a human pathogen, and therefore is potentially a novel antibacterial target. previous work has indicated that the tgt reaction proceeds through a covalent enzyme-trna complex [biochemistry 40 (2001) 14123]. to further substantiate this mechanism, the determination of the kinetic mechanism for ... | 2003 | 12877882 |
| [alteration of phagocyte functional activity depending on the presence of pr50 plasmid in bacteria]. | the relationship between the presence, or the absence, of conjugative plasmid pr50 detected in klebsiella oxytoca 89, in the isogenic pairs of attenuated strains shigella flexneri 2a 516 near and salmonella typhimurium 129 rifr and the regeneration of the active forms of oxygen by mouse peritoneal phagocytizing cells was studied. as indicated by the data obtained in the course of the experiment, plasmids pr50 could influence the chemiluminescent response of phagocytes. the inhibition of the synt ... | 2003 | 12886622 |
| conversion of shigella flexneri serotype 2a to serotype y in a shigellosis patient due to a single amino acid substitution in the protein product of the bacterial glucosyltransferase gtrii gene. | conversion of serotype from 2a to y was demonstrated with five shigella flexneri isolates recovered from an infected patient. when introduced into the serotype y isolate, the glucosyltransferase (gtr) ii gene of the serotype 2a isolate is capable of inducing the conversion from serotype y to 2a. in contrast, the gtrii of the serotype y isolate lacks the capacity to change serotype, resulting from a cys-->tyr substitution in its predicted protein sequence. the protein product of the gtrii gene wa ... | 2003 | 12892893 |
| the phosphatidylinositol (pi)-5-phosphate 4-kinase type ii enzyme controls insulin signaling by regulating pi-3,4,5-trisphosphate degradation. | phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (pi-5-p) is a newly identified phosphoinositide with characteristics of a signaling lipid but no known cellular function. pi-5-p levels are controlled by the type ii pi-5-p 4-kinases (pip4k iis), a family of kinases that converts pi-5-p into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (pi-4,5-p2). the pi-5-p pathway is an alternative route for pi-4,5-p2 synthesis as the bulk of this lipid is generated by the canonical pathway in which phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate ( ... | 2003 | 12897244 |
| shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t expresses three members of the h-ns-like protein family: characterization of the sfh protein. | shigella flexneri 2a is known to express the h-ns nucleoid-structuring protein and the paralogous protein stpa. using bioinformatic analysis we have now discovered a third member of the h-ns protein family, sfh (shigella flexneri h-ns-like protein), in strain 2457t. this protein is encoded by the sfh gene, which is located on a high-molecular-mass plasmid that is closely related to the self-transmissible plasmid r27. when expressed in escherichia coli, the sfh protein can complement an hns null ... | 2003 | 12898223 |
| identification of the promoter regions and sigma(s)-dependent regulation of the gada and gadbc genes associated with glutamate-dependent acid resistance in shigella flexneri. | resistance to killing by low ph is a common feature of both escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. the most effective e. coli acid resistance system utilizes two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase encoded by gada and gadb, and a putative glutamate/gamma-amino butyric acid antiporter encoded by gadc. expression of the gad system is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor, sigma(s). we confirm that gada, gadb, and gadc are also all dependent upon sigma(s) for their expression in s. flexneri. - ... | 2003 | 12900035 |
| safety and immunogenicity of shigella sonnei-crm9 and shigella flexneri type 2a-repasucc conjugate vaccines in one- to four-year-old children. | shigella conjugate vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in adult volunteers. we have now investigated the safety and immunogenicity of investigational shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri 2a conjugate vaccines in 1- to 4-year-old children, the age group at greatest risk for shigellosis. | 2003 | 12913770 |
| duplication is more common among laterally transferred genes than among indigenous genes. | recent developments in the understanding of paralogous evolution have prompted a focus not only on obviously advantageous genes, but also on genes that can be considered to have a weak or sporadic impact on the survival of the organism. here we examine the duplicative behavior of a category of genes that can be considered to be mostly transient in the genome, namely laterally transferred genes. using both a compositional method and a gene-tree approach, we identify a number of proposed laterally ... | 2003 | 12914657 |
| the factor c3 conversion in human complement by smooth shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharides. | shigella flexneri rods play an important role in human intestinal infections. in the presented studies we have shown that o-acetyl and glucose residues, substituted in main galnac-rha chains of lipopolysaccharide (lps) are important for the bactericidal effect of human serum. by dot-blot, immunoblotting and elisa with immobilized lps we have shown correlation of c3 fragments deposition and serum resistance. lpss isolated from a serum-sensitive strain deposited more c3 fragments than lpss from se ... | 2003 | 12916727 |
| conformational studies of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri 5a and of four related synthetic pentasaccharide fragments using nmr and molecular modeling. | as part of a program for the development of synthetic vaccines against the pathogen shigella flexneri, we used a combination of nmr and molecular modeling methods to study the conformations of the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of s. flexneri 5a and of four related synthetic pentasaccharide fragments. the nmr study, based on the analysis of 1h and 13c chemical shifts, the evaluation of inter-residue distances, and the measurement of one- and three-bond heteronuclear coupling constants, showed ... | 2003 | 12925526 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2001]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still very low, similar to the number reported in 2000. only 128 cases were notified in the year 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000 population) while 121 cases were notified in 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000). no death due to dysentery was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of foodborne infection due to s. sonnei involving 28 patients was registered, less than in 2000 when 2 outbreaks, one due to s. flexneri and one due ... | 2003 | 12926313 |
| ipac of shigella binds to the c-terminal domain of beta-catenin. | ipac of shigella is essential for initial bacterial entry into epithelial cells. we report here that ipac interacts with beta-catenin and destabilizes the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion complex. using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified beta-catenin as a binding partner of ipac within the host cell after cell entry, but not in the initial entry. co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and gst pull-down experiments confirmed the intracellular and cell-free interactions between these tw ... | 2003 | 12927518 |
| survival, growth, and inactivation of acid-stressed shigella flexneri as affected by ph and temperature. | a study was done to determine the survival, growth, and inactivation characteristics of unadapted, acid-adapted, and acid-shocked shigella flexneri 2a cells as affected by ph and temperature. the pathogen was grown at 37 degrees c for 18 h in tryptic soy broth containing no glucose (tsbng) (unadapted cells) and tsbng supplemented with 1% glucose (tsbg) (acid-adapted cells). cells grown in tsbng were acid-shocked by adjusting 18-h cultures to ph 4.5+/-0.05 with lactic acid. all three cell types w ... | 2003 | 12927715 |
| a two-dimensional proteome map of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative facultatively intracellular pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. in this study, extracellular proteins from the culture medium and whole cell proteins in cellular extracts of s. flexneri 2a strain 2457t were examined by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis using immobilized ph gradient (ipg) technology. proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (maldi-ms) in combination with mascot search ... | 2003 | 12929182 |
| shigella-induced necrosis and apoptosis of u937 cells and j774 macrophages. | it is currently unclear whether shigella kills its phagocytic host cells by apoptosis or necrosis. this study shows that rapid necrosis ensues in macrophage-like cell lines (u937 cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid and j774 cells) infected with the shigella flexneri strain ysh6000. the infected cells rapidly lose membrane integrity, a typical feature of necrosis, as indicated by the release of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (ps) associate ... | 2003 | 12949176 |
| comparative study of three different dna fingerprint techniques for molecular typing of shigella flexneri strains isolated in romania. | in this study, 97 epidemiologically unrelated shigella flexneri strains isolated during 1994 (69 isolates) and 1997 (28 isolates) were characterised by ribotyping, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based pcr typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. number of strains belonging to each of the six serotypes is selected equal to their distribution in romania. the isolates comprise 24 ribotypes based on combination of two restriction patterns obtained with hindlii and psti ... | 2003 | 12952147 |
| [effect of a polyoxydonium immunoregulator on the biological properties of microorganisms]. | the effect of the synthetic immunomodulator polyoxydonium (po) on some biological properties of pathogenic bacteria (shigella flexneri, salmonella enteritidis), opportunistic bacteria (klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, prevotella melaninogenica, propionibacterium propionicum, clostridium difficile) and fungi (candida albicans), isolated during enteric infections, enteric dysbiosis, pyoinfla ... | 2003 | 12966885 |
| phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of polyhydroxy compounds by class a bacterial acid phosphatases. | nonspecific acid phosphatases share a conserved active site with mammalian glucose-6-phosphatases (g6pase). in this work we examined the kinetics of the phosphorylation of glucose and dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) catalysed by the acid phosphatases from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and salmonella enterica (phon-se). phon-sf is able to phosphorylate glucose regiospecifically to g6p, glucose-1-phosphate is not formed. the k(m) for glucose using pyrophosphate (ppi) as a phosphate do ... | 2003 | 12968332 |
| a novel modeling protocol for protein receptors guided by bound-ligand conformation. | a novel protocol for protein homology modeling is described, in which uncertainty in protein structure is resolved by applying the criterion that the protein must bind to a complementary ligand. a diverse library of protein models is created and then screened by docking with ligands of known conformation. the more accurate protein models form higher-quality docked complexes, and the quality of the fit is used to select the best models. the effectiveness of this technique with both natural and un ... | 2003 | 12590571 |
| structural characterization of the n terminus of ipac from shigella flexneri. | the primary effector for shigella invasion of epithelial cells is ipac, which is secreted via a type iii secretion system. we recently reported that the ipac n terminus is required for type iii secretion and possibly other functions. in this study, mutagenesis was used to identify an n-terminal secretion signal and to determine the functional importance of the rest of the ipac n terminus. the 15 n-terminal amino acids target ipac for secretion by shigella flexneri, and placing additional amino a ... | 2003 | 12595440 |
| genetic characterization and immunogenicity of coli surface antigen 4 from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli when it is expressed in a shigella live-vector strain. | the genes that encode the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) cs4 fimbriae, csaa, -b, -c, -e, and -d', were isolated from strain e11881a. the csa operon encodes a 17-kda major fimbrial subunit (csab), a 40-kda tip-associated protein (csae), a 27-kda chaperone-like protein (csaa), a 97-kda usher-like protein (csac), and a deleted regulatory protein (csad'). the predicted amino acid sequences of the cs4 proteins are highly homologous to structural and assembly proteins of other etec fimbriae, ... | 2003 | 12595452 |
| effects of ectopically expressed neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein domains on rickettsia rickettsii actin-based motility. | neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) and the actin-related protein 2/3 (arp2/3) complex have emerged as critical host proteins that regulate pathogen actin-based motility. actin tail formation and motility in listeria monocytogenes require the arp2/3 complex but bypasses n-wasp signaling. motility of shigella flexneri and vaccinia virus requires both n-wasp and the arp2/3 complex. functional roles for these cytoskeletal regulatory proteins in actin-based motility of rickettsia rick ... | 2003 | 12595475 |
| regulation of salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide o antigen chain length is required for virulence; identification of fepe as a second wzz. | wzz proteins regulate the degree of polymerization of the o antigen (oag) subunits in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis. although the pathogenic relevance of oag is well recognized, the significance of oag chain length regulation is not well defined. in this report, salmonella typhimurium was shown to possess two functional wzz genes resulting in a bimodal oag length distribution. in addition to the previously described wzzst that results in long (l) modal length lps with 16-35 oag repeat un ... | 2003 | 12603743 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of shigella flexneri and streptococcus pyogenes to inner gel of aloe barbadensis miller. | aloe barbadensis miller (or aloe vera) has widespread use in health products, and despite numerous reports on the whole plant, little work has been performed on the inner gel, which has been used extensively in these products. this report describes the in vitro susceptibilities of two bacteria to this component. | 2003 | 12604556 |
| enhancer-promoter communication mediated by chip during pannier-driven proneural patterning is regulated by osa. | the gata factor pannier activates proneural achaete/scute (ac/sc) expression during development of the sensory organs of drosophila through enhancer binding. chip bridges pannier with the (ac/sc)-daughterless heterodimers bound to the promoter and facilitates the enhancer-promoter communication required for proneural development. we show here that this communication is regulated by osa, which is recruited by pannier and chip. osa belongs to brahma chromatin remodeling complexes and we show that ... | 2003 | 12629041 |
| comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility between invasive and non-invasive shigella organisms. | antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for ten strains of shigella spp. comparing invasive (invasion plasmid containing) and non-invasive members of each strain. the activity of the antimicrobial agents could be classified into three types from the differences between the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for the invasive and non-invasive shigellae. for type 1, there was no difference between the mic (an mic gap) for invasive and non-invasive organisms. for type 2, the mic for the inva ... | 2003 | 12636989 |
| virtual screening for submicromolar leads of trna-guanine transglycosylase based on a new unexpected binding mode detected by crystal structure analysis. | eubacterial trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is involved in the hypermodification of cognate trnas, leading to the exchange of g34 by preq1 at the wobble position in the anticodon loop. mutation of the tgt gene in shigella flexneri results in a significant loss of pathogenicity of the bacterium due to inefficient translation of a virulence protein mrna. herein, we describe the discovery of a ligand with an unexpected binding mode. on the basis of this binding mode, three slightly deviating ph ... | 2003 | 12646024 |
| expression and purification of invasion plasmid antigen c of shigella flexneri. | to induce the expression of and purify invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) of shigella flexneri for studying the pathogenesis of shigella flexneri. | 2003 | 12651237 |
| contribution of the shigella flexneri sit, iuc, and feo iron acquisition systems to iron acquisition in vitro and in cultured cells. | shigella flexneri possesses multiple iron acquisition systems, including proteins involved in the synthesis and uptake of siderophores and the feo system for ferrous iron utilization. we identified an additional s. flexneri putative iron transport gene, sita, in a screen for s. flexneri genes that are induced in the eukaryotic intracellular environment. sita was present in all shigella species and in most enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains but not in any other e. coli isolates tested. the s ... | 2003 | 12654809 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of [2-[2-(n, n-disubstituted thiocarbamoyl-sulfanyl)-acylamino] thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid ethyl esters. | [2-[2-(n, n-disubstituted thiocarbamoyl-sulfanyl)acylamino ]thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid ethyl esters (3a-x) were synthesized by the reaction of potassium salts of n, n-disubstituted dithiocarbamoic acids with [2-(2-chloroalkanoyl)amino-thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid ethyl esters. the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, uv, ir, (1)h-nmr, and ei mass spectral data. the antimicrobial activities of all the compounds were investigated by microbroth dilution technique ... | 2003 | 12666252 |
| genetic modulation of shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide o antigen modal chain length reveals that it has been optimized for virulence. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecules of shigella flexneri 2a have o antigen (oag) polysaccharides with two modal chain length distributions. the chromosomal wzz(sf) gene results in short (s) type oag chains [11-17 oag repeat units (rus)], and the phs-2 plasmid-located wzz(phs2) gene results in very long (vl) type oag chains (>90 oag rus). s. flexneri wzz(sf) mutants are unable to form plaques on hela cell monolayers and f-actin comet tails, indicating that icsa/virg function in actin-based mot ... | 2003 | 12686635 |
| attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi and shigella flexneri 2a strains mucosally deliver dna vaccines encoding measles virus hemagglutinin, inducing specific immune responses and protection in cotton rats. | measles remains a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries. residual maternal measles antibodies and immunologic immaturity dampen immunogenicity of the current vaccine in young infants. because cotton rat respiratory tract is susceptible to measles virus (mv) replication after intranasal (i.n.) challenge, this model can be used to assess the efficacy of mv vaccines. pursuing a new measles vaccine strategy that might be effective in young infants, we used attenuated salmonella en ... | 2003 | 12692223 |
| antimicrobial effect of spices and herbs on shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | of 17 spices and herbs tested at 1% (wt/vol) in mueller-hinton (mh) agar, only cloves, thyme, oregano, allspice, basil, rosemary, and marjoram showed antimicrobial effects on shigella. the mics of thyme, oregano, basil, and rosemary (as determined by the agar dilution method) ranged from 0.5 to 1% (wt/vol) depending on the shigella strain used. with the use of various combinations of temperatures (12, 22, and 37 degrees c), phs (5.0, 5.5, and 6.0), and nacl concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%, wt/vo ... | 2003 | 12696694 |
| complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457t. | we determined the complete genome sequence of shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457t (4,599,354 bp). shigella species cause >1 million deaths per year from dysentery and diarrhea and have a lifestyle that is markedly different from those of closely related bacteria, including escherichia coli. the genome exhibits the backbone and island mosaic structure of e. coli pathogens, albeit with much less horizontally transferred dna and lacking 357 genes present in e. coli. the strain is distinctive ... | 2003 | 12704152 |
| morphology of temperate bacteriophage sfv and characterisation of the dna packaging and capsid genes: the structural genes evolved from two different phage families. | the entire genome of sfv, a temperate serotype-converting bacteriophage of shigella flexneri, has recently been sequenced (allison, g.e., angeles, d., tran-dinh, n., verma, n.k. 2002, j. bacteriol. 184, 1974-1987). based on the sequence analysis, we further characterised the sfv virion structure and morphogenesis. electron microscopy indicated that sfv belongs to the myoviridae morphology family. analysis of the proteins encoded by orf1, orf2, and orf3 revealed that they were homologous to small ... | 2003 | 12706095 |
| role of lipid-mediated signal transduction in bacterial internalization. | receptor-mediated phagocytosis normally represents an important first line of immune defence. invading microbes are internalized into phagosomes and are typically killed by exposure to a battery of microbicidal agents. to some intracellular pathogens, however, receptor-mediated phagocytosis represents an opportunity to access a protected niche within the host cell. another type of intracellular pathogen, including salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri, invade host cells i ... | 2003 | 12713488 |
| lipopolysaccharide o antigen chains mask icsa (virg) in shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t lipopolysaccharide (lps) has o antigen (oag) chains with two modal lengths (s-type and vl-type), and has icsa apparently located at one pole on its cell surface. treatment of y serotype derivatives of 2457t and rma696 (2457t wzz(sf)) with sf6 tailspike protein (tsp) resulted in hydrolysis of oag chains, and an increase in detection of icsa by indirect immunofluorescence staining on both the lateral and polar regions of the cell surface. newly synthesised icsa ex ... | 2003 | 12725923 |
| multicopy icsa is able to suppress the virulence defect caused by the wzz(sf) mutation in shigella flexneri. | the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of shigella flexneri are important for virulence and their o antigen (oag) polysaccharide chains affect icsa (virg)-mediated actin-based motility (abm) within mammalian cells. s. flexneri 2a 2457t has smooth lps whose oag chains have two modal lengths (short (s)-type and very long (vl)-type), and has icsa predominantly located at one pole on its cell surface. a s. flexneri 2457t wzz(sf) mutant (rma696) has vl-type oag but not s-type oag chains, less icsa detectable ... | 2003 | 12725929 |