Publications

in vitro evaluation of cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin with enhanced antistaphylococcal activity and beta-lactamase stability.	cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin with enhanced beta-lactamase stability, was tested by microbroth dilution against respiratory, urogenital, and skin and skin-structure bacterial pathogens. included were beta-lactamase (beta lac)-producing and -nonproducing isolates. activity was compared with that of other orally administered beta-lactams. cefdinir minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates mic90s (microgram/ml) were < or = 0.5 versus beta lac+/oxacillin-susceptible staphylo ...	1994	8026155
antimicrobial activity of a new antipseudomonal dual-action drug, ro 25-0534.	ro 25-0534, a tertiary amine-linked dual action combination (dac) of a catechol cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin, was compared with a previously described dac (ro 23-9424), ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. a total of 688 recent clinical isolates were tested and an additional collection of 110 gram-negative bacilli possessing documented resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobials were used. ro 25-0534 was active against all tested species of enterobacteriaceae (mic90 range, 0.06-2 micrograms/ml), oxa ...	1994	8026159
genotypic and phenotypic relatedness of 80 strains of branhamella catarrhalis of worldwide origin.	80 clinical branhamella catarrhalis strains of worldwide origin were examined for genotypic relatedness and phenotypic characteristics. using a quantitative bacterial dot method for dna-dna hybridization the strains were found to form a homogeneous group with delta tm-values ranging from 0.0-2.3 degrees c, in minibact-n, an identification kit for oxidase positive, gram-negative diplococci using eight phenotypic characteristics, all isolates were correctly identified and also demonstrated complet ...	1994	8039655
in-vitro evaluation of cefpodoxime.	in-vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime was evaluated against several microbial species by both conventional tests and additional parameters which take into consideration some of the conditions likely to be encountered in infected tissues. mics for 414 recent clinical isolates, including staphylococci, streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, several enterobacteriaceae, aeromonas hydrophila and campylobacter jejuni were determined. mic values overall were similar to th ...	1994	8040114
bactericidal activity of clarithromycin and cefaclor against streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in healthy volunteers.		1994	8040139
randomized comparative trial with ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefamandole in the therapy of community acquired pneumonia.	in a randomized prospective study ampicillin/sulbactam and cefamandole were compared in the therapy of patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia. patients receiving ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 37) and cefamandole (n = 38) were similar with respect to age (mean age 70 vs. 76 years respectively), clinical characteristics, severity of illness and underlying disease. pathogens isolated from patients in the cefamandole and ampicillin/sulbactam group, respectively, were streptococcus pneum ...	1994	8070432
in vitro evaluation of cefodizime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone against respiratory pathogens.	the in vitro activity of cefodizime and two comparative cephalosporins, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were studied against respiratory pathogens. mic90s of cefodizime were 0.06-0.512 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. mic50s of cefodizime for klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus isolates were 2 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml respectively. cefuroxime and ceftriaxone at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml inhibi ...	1994	8071676
acute otorrhea: bacteriology of a common complication of tympanostomy tubes.	we prospectively followed 246 children with tympanostomy tubes and observed acute otorrhea through a functioning tube at least once in 50% of subjects. pathogens typical of acute otitis media (streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes) were found in 42% of all episodes; pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus was found in 44% of all episodes. pathogens of acute otitis media were found in 50.0% of subjects under 6 years old versus 4 ...	1994	8085732
prevalence and resistance mechanisms of common bacterial respiratory pathogens.	organisms causing common infections of the respiratory tract are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. in 1990-1991 between 15% and 20% of isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae from the united states had mics of penicillin g of > or = 0.1 microgram/ml and 2%-3% had mics of > or = 1.0 microgram/ml. the percentage of isolates that are resistant is even higher in other parts of the world. although most penicillin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae are susceptible to broad-spectrum ...	1994	8086559
haemophilus ducreyi adheres to human keratinocytes.	haemophilus ducreyi, moraxella catarrhalis and a non-piliated escherichia coli k-12 strain were studied for their ability to bind to human keratinocytes in vitro. epidermal cells isolated from neonatal foreskins were grown to confluence in serum-free keratinocyte media. probing of the monolayers with anti-cytokeratin antibody showed that 97% of cells were keratinocytes. bacteria were grown to mid-log phase and seeded onto the monolayers. at various time-points monolayers were washed with pbs to ...	1994	8090082
bronchopulmonary infection with moraxella catarrhalis in infants requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.	moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis is now a well-recognized pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tract. four pediatric cases of life-threatening pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are presented. m. catarrhalis was isolated within 48 hours of admission in three of the cases and within 24 hours of an acute deterioration in the fourth. we conclude that m. catarrhalis is either a significant pathogen in its own right, a marker of severe disease, or a secondary i ...	1994	8090611
microbiology and management of otitis media.	otitis media is a complex and multifactorial condition with four defined stages: myringitis, acute otitis media, secretory (serous) otitis media and chronic otitis media. drugs utilized in its treatment are antihistamines, decongestants, mucolytic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, vaccine therapy and antibiotics. the rationale for using antibiotics is that inflammation has been associated with the presence of virulent bacteria in all types of otitis media. in acute ...	1994	8047854
bacterial resistance in eastern europe--selected problems.	the profile of infection and pattern of bacterial resistance in eastern europe is distinct from that observed in other parts of the world. several polish investigations have reported that environmental pollution may increase the risk of respiratory disease. studies from hungary and romania have documented a dramatic increase in the proportion of streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to antibiotics. in comparison, resistance to these agents amongst polish pneumococci isolates is lower, altho ...	1994	8047855
comparison of three rapid methods, tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, and indoxyl acetate, for rapid identification of moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis can easily be differentiated from other oxidase-positive, gram-negative cocci with tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, or indoxyl acetate. all m. catarrhalis give positive reactions, and all neisseria spp. give negative reactions. the 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate tube test and indoxyl acetate strip test provide same-day identification of m. catarrhalis isolates.	1994	8051269
evaluation of api nh, a new 2-hour system for identification of neisseria and haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis in a routine clinical laboratory.	api nh is a new 2-h system (biomérieux, la balme-les-grottes, france) for the identification of most neisseria and haemophilus spp. of clinical significance and of moraxella catarrhalis and for the detection of penicillinase production. furthermore, this system allows the biotyping of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae. three hundred eighteen strains belonging to these species, previously identified by conventional methods, were tested. among the 305 strains belonging to speci ...	1994	8126177
[gram-negative coccus infection].	the main pathogens of gram-negative infections are neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis and moraxella catarrhalis infection. n. gonorrhoeae infection is one of the std, but the chemotherapy for this infection is very easy because this pathogen is very susceptible to new quinolones. meningococcal infection is very rare in japan. since 1980, m. catarrhalis is one of the important pathogen of respiratory infections such as acute bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis. this pathogen also ...	1994	8126887
in vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482) and ten other antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from adult and pediatric patients.	the in vitro activity of cefdinir, an oral aminothiazolyl hydroxyimino cephalosporin was compared with that of cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 279 gram-positive and gram-negative recent clinical isolates from adult and pediatric patients. cefdinir was the most active drug among the cephalosporins against oxacillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, ...	1994	8131638
purification and characterization of a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an important bacterial cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. in this study, we describe the presence of a novel high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein (hmw-omp). this protein varies from 350 to 720 kda in apparent molecular mass among strains by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the protein was detected on sds-page in 13 of 14 strains tested. we developed a monoclonal an ...	1994	8132320
moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia and preseptal cellulitis.	invasive disease due to moraxella catarrhalis is rare and has been associated mostly with immune deficiency conditions. we describe the first case of m catarrhalis bacteremia and preseptal cellulitis in an immunocompetent infant. this organism may be evolving from one with low pathogenicity to one with increased pathogenicity.	1994	8153789
a prospective cohort study on breast-feeding and otitis media in swedish infants.	this study analyzed the effect of breast-feeding on the frequency of acute otitis media. the protocol was designed to examine each child at 2, 6 and 10 months of age. at each visit nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained, the feeding pattern was recorded and the acute otitis media (aom) episodes were documented. the analysis was based on 400 children from whom complete information was obtained. they represented 83% of the newborns in the study areas. by 1 year of age 85 (21%) children had experien ...	1994	8177624
susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics in relation to beta-lactamase pattern.	moraxella catarrhalis isolates (n = 413) were collected from 20 clinical laboratories in england and scotland in 1991 and were examined for beta-lactamase production by isoelectric focusing. beta-lactamases were found in 375 isolates of which, 349 (93.1%) had bro-1 enzyme and 26 (6.9%) had bro-2. minor variation in electrofocusing pattern occurred within both enzyme types. ampicillin mics for bro-1 producers were 25-fold higher than for non-producers, but those for bro-2 producers were raised on ...	1994	8182002
penetration of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy metabolite into middle ear effusion in children with secretory otitis media.	clarithromycin suspension was given at a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg bd for 7 days to 31 children with secretory otitis media, scheduled for insertion of grommets. the fifth dose was given approximately 2.5 h before myringotomy and aspiration of the middle ear effusion at which time a blood sample also was taken. in addition, in 16 children blood samples were taken at 1, 1.5 and 4 h after the fifth dose. the concentrations of clarithromycin and its active 14-hydroxylated metabolite, in middle ear effusi ...	1994	8182011
killing kinetics of five fluoroquinolones against moraxella catarrhalis at clinically achievable concentrations.		1994	8182028
antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in south sweden including a 13-year follow-up study of some respiratory tract pathogens.	the antibiotic susceptibility of consecutive isolates of the upper respiratory tract pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus, (100 strains of each species collected each year during march through april 1985, 1988 and 1992) to penicillin v, amoxycillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, doxycycline, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole was investigated by mic determination on pdm and pdm ii agar. the mics of the upper r ...	1994	8185890
comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin-clavulanate suspensions in treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children.	two hundred sixty-three pediatric patients from the ages of 3 months to 11 years were enrolled in a randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter study comparing the clinical and bacteriological efficacies and safety of cefuroxime axetil suspension (cae) with those of amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (amx-cl) in the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion. patients received cae at 30 mg/kg of body weight per day (n = 165) in two divided doses or amx-cl at 40 mg/kg/day (n = 98) in three d ...	1994	8192458
critical review of microbiological data and methods in diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.	a review is presented of the microbiological data, and the methods for obtaining these data, which are relevant for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. the necessity for adequate information exchange between the microbiology laboratory and the clinic is stressed. once the specimen (usually sputum) has reached the laboratory, it is screened macroscopically and microscopically for adequacy, and cultures are set up. many patients with acute community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have no ...	1994	8193620
epidemiology of moraxella catarrhalis in children during the first 2 years of life: relationship to otitis media.	nasopharyngeal colonization with moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in a large cohort of infants followed prospectively from birth to 2 years of age; 120 children were examined at 13 routine visits. of these, 66% became colonized with m. catarrhalis by 1 year and 77.5% by 2 years. nasopharyngeal colonization with m. catarrhalis increased from 27.0% during healthy visits to 62.7% during visits due to otitis media (p < .001). otitis-prone children were colonized at 44.4% of all visits compared wi ...	1994	8195609
penicillin failure and copathogenicity in streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis.	recurrent group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gabhs) pharyngotonsillitis related to penicillin failure presents a serious clinical problem. failure to eradicate streptococci from patients can occasionally lead to rheumatic fever and rarely to glomerulonephritis. beta-lactamase-producing strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in inflamed tonsils have been associated with increased failure rates of penicillins in the eradication of these infections. these organisms include staphylococcus aure ...	1994	8308510
[pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on s-1108 in children].	pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on s-1108 were performed in children. the results were as follows: 1. a total of 11 patients were treated with s-1108. each dose was 3 mg/kg, orally administered 3 times daily for 4-14 days. the clinical efficacies of s-1108 in 10 patients with bacterial infections (1 with bacteremia, 4 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillary sinusitis, 1 with scarlet fever and 2 with streptococcal pharyngitis) were evaluated as excellent in 8 patients and as ...	1993	8309071
[laboratory and clinical studies on s-1108 in the pediatric field].	laboratory and clinical studies on s-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out to evaluate its usefulness at a dose between 2 and 4 mg/kg a day for 7 to 14 days in the pediatric field. 1) pharmacokinetic studies s-1108 at a dose of 2 mg/kg was administered to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters in 1 subject. cmax, t1/2 and auc were 0.69 hour, 1.42 hours and 2.15 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. 2) antimicrobial activities mics against various clinically isolated organisms (staphylo ...	1993	8309073
[pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of s-1108 in the pediatric field].	pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on s-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, were performed in the field pediatrics. the following results were obtained. 1) antibacterial activities antibacterial activities of s-1006, the active form of s-1108, were studied against clinically isolated strains of (staphylococcus aureus (n = 5), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 3), haemophilus influenzae (n = 8), branhamella catarrhalis (n = 5) and haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 2). ...	1993	8309075
efficacy of clarithromycin vs. amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis.	a new macrolide drug, clarithromycin (biaxin) was compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) in a single-blind (investigator-blind), randomized, multicenter study of 497 outpatients with acute maxillary sinusitis; treatment was 500 mg clarithromycin bid (n = 246) or 500 mg amoxicillin/clavulanate tid (n = 251). pathogens included streptococcus pneumoniae in 22% of patients, staphylococcus aureus in 16%, haemophilus influenzae in 10%, and moraxella catarrhalis in 7%. for evaluable patients ...	1993	8313865
[parenteral cephalosporins for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections].	in most cases of respiratory tract infection, antibiotic therapy has to be initiated before the results of microbiological examination are available. the four most common pathogens of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus. pneumococci are the predominant pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, followed by h. influenzae and staphylococci. legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia vary in frequency according ...	1993	8314290
[moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. a common pathogenic agent].	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a commensal organism of the oropharyngeal flora, has been considered a potential pathogen since the early 1970s, mainly causing otitis in infants and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in the elderly or in immunosuppressed adults. this view was initially based on the isolation of m. catarrhalis during infections: a density of at least 10(7)/ml of sputum, particularly when it exceeds that of other organisms by at least 100-fold, is considered to indicate the ...	1993	8316533
fever and neutropenia: bacterial etiology revealed by serological methods.	in a prospective study, 91 episodes of fever in neutropenic children with cancer were evaluated. fifteen episodes were septicemias, verified by a positive blood culture, 62 were fevers of unknown origin, 6 were focal infections and 8 were of other etiologies (i.e. drug fevers and viral infections). serum antibody responses to bacteria were measured in paired sera by an enzyme immunoassay method. bacterial infection was demonstrated serologically in 20% of documented septicemias, in 35% of fevers ...	1993	8318802
effect of immunization of pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis in an animal model.	a murine model for pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis was used to determine whether immunization could enhance clearance of this organism from the lungs. animals actively immunized with outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis cleared an endobronchial challenge with the homologous strain more quickly than did sham-immunized control animals. western blot analysis of both this immune mouse serum and rabbit antiserum raised against outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis indicated that ...	1993	8335988
[efficacy of fibronectin on opsonic activity by alveolar macrophage and experimental rat pneumonia].	the opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin (fn) by rat alveolar macrophage (am) was examined, and the in vivo effect of fn in staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) experimental rat pneumonia was evaluated. the chemiluminescence response of am was enhanced by the presence of fn (300 micrograms/ml) in s. aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, but was not enhanced in gram-negative rods (haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa). fn (300 micrograms/ml) promoted the phagocyto ...	1993	8336012
polyphasic taxonomy leading to the proposal of moraxella canis sp. nov. for moraxella catarrhalis-like strains.	the taxonomic position of a group of 16 moraxella catarrhalis-like strains, isolated mainly from dogs, was examined by using morphological tests, biochemical tests, serology, ribotyping with oligonucleotide probes, polymerase chain reaction typing of the 16s rrna gene and the 16s-23s rrna gene spacer region, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total proteins, fatty acid profiles, moles percent g+c, dot spot and in-solution dna-dna hybridizations, and dna-rrna hybridizations. it was found that ...	1993	8347504
evaluation of amoxicillin clavulanate twice daily versus thrice daily in the treatment of otitis media in children. danish-swedish study group.	a total of 311 children who had recurrent otitis media or who had experienced failure of initial treatment of acute otitis media with phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin esters or cefaclor were entered into a single-blind study in two parallel groups in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension given b.i.d. or t.i.d. for seven days. the patients were examined prior to the start of treatment, at an early follow-up visit 9 to 12 days after ...	1993	8354296
in vitro antimicrobial activity of tioconazole and its concentrations in vaginal fluids following topical (vagistat-1 6.5%) application.	in vitro assays demonstrated that clinical yeasts were significantly more inhibited by tioconazole (mic50, < or = 0.5 microgram/ml) than by fluconazole (mic50, 8 micrograms/ml). tioconazole also exhibited high potency against most molds (alterneria spp. and acremonium spp.). all candida tropicalis isolates had mics of 8 micrograms/ml, four-fold greater than any other candida spp. generally gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible to tioconazole. moraxella catarrhalis (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml) ...	1993	8359005
in vitro susceptibility test practices with haemophilus influenzae among college of american pathologists survey participants in the united states.	questionnaire results from 5233 clinical microbiology laboratories participating in the college of american pathologists (cap) survey program in the united states were used to establish current standards of practice with respect to in vitro susceptibility testing of haemophilus influenzae. the results of this cap survey indicated that the recently developed national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) guidelines for h. influenzae susceptibility tests have been widely adopted, par ...	1993	8359008
[antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin and its effect on bacterial adherence to medical material].	antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (cam) in comparison with other 6 macrolides was determined against 419 recent clinical isolates including streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, moraxella, haemophilus and bacteroides strains. mics80's of cam against streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus agalactiae were 0.78, 0.10 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. mics80's against moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were 0.05 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respecti ...	1993	8360978
erythromycin treatment is beneficial for longstanding moraxella catarrhalis associated cough in children.	the benefits of antibiotic treatment and a nasopharyngeal culture in children with longstanding cough were analysed in a prospective randomized open study. clinically suspected pertussis was excluded. of 40 children given erythromycin for 7 days, 35 (88%) recovered in one week, compared with 17/47 (36%) untreated (p < 0.0001). erythromycin eliminated moraxella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in 21/31 children (68%), compared with spontaneous disappearance in 7/35 (20%) untreated controls (p < 0 ...	1993	8362228
susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in finland to cefixime and nine other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of cefixime and 9 other orally used antimicrobial agents against 545 selected clinical respiratory tract pathogens was tested using the plate-dilution method. of the strains tested, 144 were haemophilus influenzae strains, 151 group a streptococci, 105 pneumococci and 145 moraxella catarrhalis isolates. ciprofloxacin was the most active drug, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of < 0.06 mg/l for more than 87% of the isolates. with cefixime, a mic of 0.06 mg/l inh ...	1993	8362234
branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis endophthalmitis.		1993	8363458
the interaction of primate transferrins with receptors on bacteria pathogenic to humans.	the binding of primate transferrins by receptors in the human pathogens neisseria meningitidis, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae was assessed and compared with the binding of anti-human transferrin monoclonal antibodies by primate transferrins. in competitive binding assays the three pathogens showed identical specificity for primate transferrins. only human, gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutan sera were capable of blocking binding of labelled human transferrin. dire ...	1993	8366816
[bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field].	bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (cdtr-pi, me 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. the results are summarized below. 1. antibacterial activities: antibacterial activities of cdtr were studied against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (cftm), cefixime ...	1993	8371496
susceptibility survey of piperacillin alone and in the presence of tazobactam.	among 325 fresh isolates of bacteria from 153 hospital patients with serious infections, 142 were susceptible to piperacillin, 129 were resistant and a further 54 exhibited a marked inoculum effect. tazobactam restored the susceptibility of resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis (except methicillin-resistant isolates), haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter spp. and bacteroides fragilis. among 87 enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to ...	1993	8383653
antimicrobial activity and spectrum of rifaximin, a new topical rifamycin derivative.	rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, was evaluated in vitro to assess its spectrum and potency against a wide variety of bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and parasites. high concentrations of rifaximin were often used to reflect topically achieved levels since this compound is poorly absorbed by oral route. like rifampin, rifaximin possessed best activity against staphylococcus spp. (mic50 < or = 0.015 microgram/ml), streptococcus spp. (mic50s, < or = 0.03-0.12 microgram/ml), enterococcus spp. (mic50s, ...	1993	8385592
importance of beta-lactamase stability in treating today's respiratory tract infections.	in respiratory tract infections streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and klebsiella spp. are the most frequently encountered bacterial pathogens. resistance of clinical s. pneumoniae isolates is known to be independent of beta-lactamase production, whereas resistance of the other species mentioned is due to beta-lactamase production. with respect to m. catarrhalis the first beta-lactamase-producing (bla+) isolate was detected in clinical specimens in 1976 and n ...	1993	8386847
changes in adherence of respiratory pathogens to hep-2 cells induced by subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim.	preincubation with subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim decreased the adherence of the respiratory pathogens klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to human larynx carcinoma hep-2 cells. subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin did not change the adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococcus pneumoniae 15.62, but adhesion of s. pneumoniae 15.42 was significantly enhanced by subinhibitory antimicro ...	1993	8388203
in vitro activity of e-4868, a new trifluoroquinolone, compared to six similar compounds.	the compound e-4868 (laboratorios dr. esteve) is a trifluoro, 7-azetidinyl quinolone with properties resembling those of other fluoroquinolones. its activity in vitro was compared to that of six other similar drugs against more than 700 nosocomial isolates using standard methods. the mic50s of e-4868 for enteric bacilli ranged from 0.015 to 0.25 micrograms/ml, being highest for providencia spp. pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were two-fold more susceptible to e-4868 than to ofloxacin. mics of e-4 ...	1993	8388792
the in-vitro activity of opc-17116, a new 5-methyl substituted quinolone.	the in-vitro activity of the new 5-methylated fluoroquinolone opc-17116 was compared with that of other fluoroquinolines and beta-lactams against a total of 690 bacterial strains. with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp., 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.25 mg/l. opc-17116 inhibited 90% of serratia spp. at 8 mg/l and klebsiella spp. at 4 mg/l. moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were highly susceptible (mic90 < or = 0.03 mg/l). pseudomonas aeruginosa were ...	1993	8390433
a single-blind comparison of three-day azithromycin and ten-day co-amoxiclav treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections.	the efficacy and safety of a three-day regimen of azithromycin (500 mg od) and a ten-day regimen of co-amoxiclav (625 mg tid) were compared in a single-blind study in 99 patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections. of these, 70 (71%) suffered an infective exacerbation of their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. nine patients had pneumonia and 19 purulent bronchitis. treatment success, defined as cure or improvement, occurred in 43 of 48 (90%) patients in the azithromycin group, co ...	1993	8396086
regions located in both the n-lobe and c-lobe of human lactoferrin participate in the binding interaction with bacterial lactoferrin receptors.	as a first step in localizing the regions of human lactoferrin involved in binding to bacterial lactoferrin receptors, n-lobe and c-lobe fragments were assessed for binding to receptors on neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. preparations of n-lobe and c-lobe were obtained by tryptic digestion of iron-loaded human lactoferrin followed by separation of the two lobes by gel exclusion chromatography in 10% acetic acid. solid phase binding studies de ...	1993	8396192
haemophilus test medium versus mueller-hinton broth with lysed horse blood for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of four bacterial species.	studies were undertaken to determine whether broth microdilution susceptibility tests could be standardized by using a single medium for testing fastidious respiratory pathogens. mueller-hinton broth with lysed horse blood and the broth version of haemophilus test medium (htm) were directly compared. ten orally administered agents were found to give essentially identical results in both media but minor differences were noted. because the test are easier to read when htm broth is used, that mediu ...	1993	8404918
pneumonia in the elderly. special considerations in a special population.	bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract in the elderly may not be as atypical in presentation as traditional wisdom once held. recent studies indicate that more than one in three elderly patients have fever, cough, and leukocytosis; nevertheless, some elderly patients present with none of the features typically associated with pneumonia. an important and consistent clinical difference between younger and older patients is the broader range of bacterial respiratory pathogens found in ...	1993	8415335
microbiologic and clinical aspects of a trial of once daily cefixime compared with twice daily cefaclor for treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children.	in this randomized, investigator-blinded multicenter study, tympanocentesis for acute otitis media with effusion in 137 ears from 108 children, 6 months to 12 years of age, revealed 84 definite pathogens and 32 potential pathogens. twenty-nine aspirates from 23 subjects were sterile. of the 116 isolates 42 (36%) were streptococcus pneumoniae, 24 (21%) were haemophilus influenzae, 9 (8%) were moraxella catarrhalis, 9 (8%) were streptococcus pyogenes and 1 (1%) was staphylococcus aureus. twenty-tw ...	1993	8417428
review of cefixime in the treatment of otitis media in infants and children.	during the past decade there has been an increase in the percentage of resistant bacteria isolated from middle-ear effusions aspirated from infants and children who have had acute otitis media. at least nine oral antibiotics or combination agents are available for this indication. cefixime, a third generation cephalosporin, has excellent in vitro activity against both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, good activity against strep ...	1993	8417430
acute conjunctivitis in childhood.	we obtained specimens for culture from the lids and conjunctivae of 95 patients with acute conjunctivitis and 91 control children of similar age and, in addition, stained the conjunctival scrapings with giemsa and gram stains. the conjunctivitis was attributed to bacterial infection in 76 patients, viral infection in 12 children, and allergy in 2 patients; no cause was identified in the remaining 5 patients. in most cases the etiologic diagnosis was based on the results of laboratory studies. by ...	1993	8419593
subperiosteal orbital abscess in children: diagnosis, microbiology, and management.	a chart review was undertaken of 30 patients who were presented to children's hospital of pittsburgh from 1983 to 1990 and underwent surgical management for suspected subperiosteal abscess of the orbit (spa). all patients had preoperative computerized tomography (ct) scans. twenty-seven of 30 ct scans were reevaluated, of which 20 (74%) demonstrated findings consistent with or suggestive of spa. opacified sinuses were seen in 100% of this study group. abscess collections were found in 21 patient ...	1993	8421416
outbreak of moraxella catarrhalis in a respiratory unit.	the clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of nosocomial moraxella catarrhalis infection in a respiratory unit are described. six isolates from five patients were shown to be indistinguishable by immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analysis and different from 11 other, unrelated clinical strains.	1993	8434362
ro 23-9424, a new cephalosporin 3'-quinolone: in-vitro antimicrobial activity and tentative disc diffusion interpretive criteria.	the susceptibility of 410 clinical bacterial isolates to ro 23-9424, a novel cephalosporin 3'-quinolone, was determined. overall, 97% of enterobacteriaceae and 100% of staphylococci were inhibited by < or = 8.0 mg/l of ro 23-9424. only 60% of pseudomonas aeruginosa and 80-90% of pseudomonas spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia were inhibited by this concentration. enterococci and listeria monocytogenes were resistant to ro 23-9424. clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus spp., and ...	1993	8444677
efficacy of fleroxacin versus amoxicillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	in a multicenter study the efficacy and safety of oral fleroxacin at 400 mg once a day and amoxicillin at 500 mg three times daily for 7 days were compared for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to drug-susceptible bacteria. a total of 194 patients were enrolled, 102 in the fleroxacin group and 92 in the amoxicillin group. of those enrolled, 22 in the fleroxacin group and 30 (29 for clinical efficacy) in the amoxicillin group were included in t ...	1993	8452169
treatment recommendations for respiratory tract infections associated with aging.	age-related changes, for example reduced elasticity and earlier airways collapse, predispose the elderly to respiratory infection. other factors such as a lifetime of smoking, the use of hypnotics, or the development of stroke also predispose. pneumonia becomes increasingly common with advancing age, and both morbidity and mortality increase with associated disease burden. diagnosis of pneumonia may be more difficult in the aged because of physiological changes. however, careful physical examina ...	1993	8453184
acute myeloid leukaemia presenting with acute branhamella catarrhalis epiglottitis.	acute supraglottic laryngitis and epiglottitis is increasingly recognised in adults. we present a case in which the condition was the presenting feature of acute myeloid leukaemia and in which branhamella catarrhalis was the causative organism.	1993	8454895
erythromycin in acute laryngitis in adults.	moraxella catarrhalis and hemophilus influenzae are isolated from the nasopharynx in 50% to 55% and 8% to 15%, respectively, of cases of acute laryngitis in adults. this finding indicates that these organisms, m catarrhalis in particular, are in some way involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. in the present double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effect of erythromycin ethylsuccinate (0.5 g twice a day for 5 days) on the elimination of nasopharyngeal pathogens and reduction of clinica ...	1993	8457123
global surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to cefaclor: 1988-1990.	in vitro data on bacterial susceptibility to cefaclor were collected from clinical trials conducted in 15 european countries, south africa, canada, and the united states. among the respiratory pathogens, 94% of haemophilus influenzae, 98.6% of streptococcus pneumoniae, 98.8% of streptococcus pyogenes, and 98.1% of moraxella catarrhalis were susceptible to cefaclor. over 90% of the tested isolates of the most common urinary tract pathogen, escherichia coli, were susceptible to cefaclor. virtually ...	1993	8458058
characterization of bro enzymes and beta-lactamase transfer of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in japan.	of the 68 strains of beta-lactamase-producing moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in japan that were studied, 62 (91%) produced the bro-1-type beta-lactamase and 6 (9%) produced the bro-2 type. there were no strains containing the bro-3-type beta-lactamase. we compared the susceptibility of bro-1- and bro-2-producing strains to various oral beta-lactam antibiotics. we found that the bro-1-producing strains were less susceptible than the bro-2-producing strains. although the bro-1 and br ...	1993	8458251
antibacterial activity of cefcanel.	the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefcanel, a new oral cephalosporin, has been determined for 182 clinical isolates, of which 84 were from the family enterobacteriaceae, 45 were from the genus streptococcus, 18 were nonfermentative rods, 25 were haemophilus influenzae and 10 were branhamella catarrhalis. in general, cefcanel was more active than the other cephalosporins against the species escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes and proteus mirabilis. among the genus streptococcus only the ...	1993	8458252
a membrane-bound precursor beta-lactamase in strains of moraxella catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens that produce periplasmic bro-1 and bro-2 beta-lactamases.	by employing the non-ionic detergent triton x-100, a membrane-bound beta-lactamase was extracted from strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens that produce bro-1 and bro-2 beta-lactamases. unlike bro-1 and bro-2, which exhibit multiple major bands on isoelectric focusing (ief), the membrane-bound enzyme focused as a single ief band at a pi of 6.20, which was not present with either of the other two enzymes. the membrane-bound beta-lactamase could be extracted ...	1993	8463169
the human i alpha 1 and i alpha 2 germline promoter elements: proximal positive and distal negative elements may regulate the tissue specific expression of c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germline transcripts.	treatment of human splenic b lymphocytes with the mitogen branhamella catarrhalis (bc) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) induces expression of germline ig c alpha transcripts and class switching to this isotype. to further characterize the molecular mechanism by which tgf-beta 1 and mitogenic signals regulate the expression of unrearranged c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 genes, we have characterized the promoter elements that are responsible for the transcriptional activation of their c ...	1993	8466864
[branhamella catarrhalis. rediscovery of a pathogenic bacterium].		1993	8469903
secretory iga-, igg- and c3b-coated bacteria in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children.	the proportions of secretory iga (siga)-, igg- and c3b-coated bacteria obtained from a well-defined area on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (nph) close to the eustachian tube were determined. samples taken from 25 otitis-prone (op) and 25 non-otitis-prone (nop) children with normal serum levels of iga and igg were evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay. both groups harboured significantly more nasopharyngeal bacteria coated with igg than with siga (p < 0.001). the op children had sign ...	1993	8475735
the microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis and otitis media:a review.	there exists no real controversy about the role of aerobic bacteria in acute sinusitis and in acute otitis media. the "infernal trio" streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are by far the most common pathogens in these acute infections. on the contrary, there is still much debate about the normal flora of the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, although there are some reports of the presence of anaerobes and aerobes in the majority of the normal paranasal si ...	1993	8476583
in-vitro activity of dirithromycin in comparison with other new and established macrolides.	improvements with regard to the in-vitro activity of new macrolides are marginal and apply mainly to haemophilus spp., moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae (e.g. azithromycin is two to eight times more active than erythromycin) and to non-enterococcal streptococci (e.g. clarithromycin is two to four times more active than erythromycin). the increase in activity against staphylococci is even less striking, being restricted to a few species and limited to clarithromycin (twice as active ...	1993	8478311
relevance of antibiotic tissue penetration in treating respiratory tract infections.	the majority of bacterial respiratory tract infections are caused by streptococci, haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. these pathogens are located extracellularly. in logical consequence, the bactericidal action of the antimicrobial is required in these loci. to define the reasonable dosing regimen for effective eradication without creating unnecessary toxic potential we need to know (1) the distribution principles and kinetics, and (2) the correct correlation between concentration profi ...	1993	8480088
[the tween-80 test in the identification of moraxella catarrhalis].		1993	8481437
peritonitis due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in a diabetic patient receiving peritoneal dialysis.		1993	8488414
antimicrobial activity and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, ro 41-3399.	ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of ro 41-3399, was tested against 391 gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates. ro 40-6890 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, moraxella catarrhalis, pneumococci, other streptococcus spp., and methicillin-susceptible staphylococci. preliminary disk diffusion interpretive zone criteria were calculated for 5-, 10-, and 30-micrograms ro 40-6890 disks and several possible mic susceptibility breakpoints. we recommend the use of the 5 ...	1993	8494387
relatedness of three species of "false neisseriae," neisseria caviae, neisseria cuniculi, and neisseria ovis, by dna-dna hybridizations and fatty acid analysis.	dna-dna hybridization was used to determine the levels of genomic relatedness of the three species of "false neisseriae," neisseria caviae, neisseria cuniculi, and neisseria ovis. the reference strains of these species exhibited high levels of intraspecies relatedness (93 to 100% for n. caviae, 79 to 100% for n. cuniculi, and 68 to 100% for n. ovis) but low levels of interspecific relatedness (less than 34%) to each other and to various species belonging to the beta subclass of the proteobacteri ...	1993	8494736
[pseudogonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum induced by beta-lactamase positive branhamella catarrhalis. report of a case].		1993	8503596
serological cross-reactions between moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and other oropharyngeal bacteria.	oropharyngeal bacteria belonging to different species were tested for serological cross-reactions with moraxella catarrhalis using sera from immunized rabbits. sera were tested using immunofluorescence, an enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunoblotting. on immunofluorescence, significant cross-reactions were demonstrated with beta-hemolytic streptococci group a and group g, as well as with streptococci of the viridans group. some cross-reactions were also noted with neisseria meningitidis. in the e ...	1993	8513818
reassessment of the rationale for the combinations of sulphonamides with diaminopyrimidines.	trimethoprim is the best known inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. initially, this was always combined with sulphamethoxazole. it was later combined with other sulphonamides (eg. sulphamoxole, sulphadiazine or sulfametopyrazine), but the sulphonamide moiety as a contributor to clinical efficacy was increasingly questioned. thus, in 1979 (in uk) trimethoprim alone was introduced. justification for the combination was based on: (a) synergy occurs in vitro (b) bactericidal activity, whi ...	1993	8195839
the pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration and in-vitro activity of loracarbef, a beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbacephem class.	the pharmacokinetics of loracarbef in plasma and a mild inflammatory exudate were studied in human volunteers. after a single oral dose of 400 mg, a mean maximum drug concentration (cmax) of 17.8 mg/l was achieved in the plasma at 1.2 h (mean tmax). the mean plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) was 1.3 h. in the inflammatory exudate the mean cmax was 8.9 mg/l at a mean tmax of 2.0 h and with a mean t1/2 of 1.7 h. the mean penetration into the inflammatory exudate was 90.1%. the in-vitro activity ...	1993	8144425
[has branhamella catarrhalis a pathogenic role in mucoviscidosis?].		1993	8060214
epidemiological typing of moraxella catarrhalis by using dna probes.	small-fragment restriction enzyme analysis and dna-dna hybridization were used to compare 60 strains of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from various geographic locations. restriction enzyme analysis with haeiii resulted in 46 different patterns, 7 of which were shared by more than one isolate. hybridizations with two dna probes resulted in 18 different patterns, 11 of which were shared by more than one isolate. strains with the same restriction enzyme pattern always had the same hybridization pat ...	1993	8096219
complement resistance in branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis.		1993	8098421
moraxella catarrhalis--an unusual pathogen in bacterial tracheitis.	we report a case of bacterial tracheitis caused by moraxella catarrhalis. we are unaware of any previous similar report from this country.	1993	8106231
in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 138312 and pd 140248, new fluoronaphthyridines with outstanding gram-positive potency.	pd 138312 and pd 140248 are new quinolones with high in vitro activities against a wide spectrum of bacterial species, notably including gram-positive isolates. the respective mics (in micrograms per milliliter) of pd 138312 and pd 140248 capable of inhibiting > or = 90% of the strains were < or = 0.06 and < or = 0.06 for oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci, streptococci (including streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and viridans group streptococci), haemophilus ...	1993	8109918
in vitro activity of du-6859a, a new fluorocyclopropyl quinolone.	du-6859a was tested against 844 recent clinical isolates (most from bacteremias) by using reference mic determination procedures. the activity of du-6859a against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin (range of mics for 90% of isolates [mic90], < or = 0.015 to 1 microgram/ml), and the highest mics were observed among serratia marcescens and providencia rettgeri isolates. the du-6859a mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia was 0.5 m ...	1993	8109948
prediction of bacterial susceptibility to cefpodoxime by using the ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration result.	the cross-resistance or cross-susceptibility of cefpodoxime and ceftriaxone for 3700 strains of enterobacteriaceae, oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci, streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated. with the exception of tests with enterobacter spp. and morganella morganii, the ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) result interpretive criteria predicted bacterial susceptibility (or resistance) to cefpodoxime with an accep ...	1993	8112047
in vitro antimicrobial activity of cp-99,219, a novel azabicyclo-naphthyridone.	cp-99,219 is a trifluoronaphthyridone with significant antibacterial activity that includes the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 90% of the strains tested [mic90s], < or = 0.015 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and gonococci (mics, < or = 0.015 micrograms/ml). legionella spp. were also cp-99,219 susceptible, with mics of 0.008 to 0.12 micrograms/ml. cp-99,219 demonstrated activity greater than that of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or enoxacin against pseudomon ...	1993	8043036
review of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin.	to review the pharmacokinetics, microbiology, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerance of cefprozil, a new, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin.	1993	8219444
efficacy and safety of clarithromycin compared to cefixime as outpatient treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.	clarithromycin is a new acid-stable, 14-membered macrolide active against many of the organisms responsible for lower respiratory tract infections. it has been administered to over 5,000 patients worldwide and has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia when given twice daily (250 to 500 mg). cefixime is an amino-thiazolyl cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting beta-lacta ...	1993	8222794
efficacy and tolerance of erythromycin acistrate in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in the elderly.	this randomized, investigator-blind, parallel-group trial compared erythromycin acistrate (ea) and erythromycin base (eb) in the treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. in total, 57 hospitalized patients were included, of whom 28 received ea 400 mg three times daily, and 29 eb 500 mg three times daily for 10-21 days. the mean age of the patients was 70 and 68 years in the ea and eb groups, respectively. the patients underwent medical examination before the o ...	1993	8222874
cefdinir: in vitro activity study and effect of human serum.	the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (cl-983, fk482), an orally absorbed aminothiazole cephalosporin, was compared with that of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (2/1), cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefotaxime, vancomycin and erythromycin against 370 clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. cefdinir was highly active against staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis, inhibiting 90% of the strains at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. howev ...	1993	8223142
the activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against clinical isolates collected in 20 uk centres and the design of a disc test for susceptibility testing.	the in-vitro activities of piperacillin plus tazobactam at ratios of 4:1, 8:1 and 16:1 were determined against 952 non-copy clinical aerobic bacterial isolates collected from 20 uk centres. tazobactam enhanced the activity of piperacillin against enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. no enhancement was noted for pseudomonas aeruginosa, other pseudomonas spp., streptococci and enterococci. for 95.6% of strains mics were either the same or onl ...	1993	8226417
recurrent urinary tract infection with haematuria caused by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.		1993	8228313
a mutation affecting expression of a major outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis alters serum resistance and survival in vivo.	a major outer membrane protein (copb) of moraxella catarrhalis is a target for antibodies that enhance clearance of this organism from the lungs of mice. a mini-tn10kan transposon was inserted into the cloned copb gene from m. catarrhalis o35e, and an isogenic mutant unable to express the copb protein was constructed by transforming this mutated gene into the wild-type strain. the mutant grew at the same rate as the wild-type parent strain in broth. unlike the serum-resistant parent strain, this ...	1993	8228353