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detection of human papillomavirus type 16 dna in two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the foot. 19968736356
use of the polymerase chain reaction to specifically amplify integrated hpv-16 dna by virtue of its linkage to interspersed repetitive dna.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based technique that combines a virus specific primer and a human interspersed repetitive sequence (irs) specific primer in order to detect integration of human papilloma virus type 16 (hpv-16) is described. amplification of viral-host dna junctions occurs when viral integration results in placement of the virus specific primer binding site near (less that 3-4 kb) the primer binding site within a repetitive sequence element. the method relies on enzyme labeled o ...19968737394
human papilloma virus--h.p.v. condyloma. current studies in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.since 1982, in the republic of panama, we evaluated 5,400 women who showed the oncological risk (r.o.) in 59% and in which the participation of pure or associated hpv was 87.6%. the incidence of the hpv in our female population is 52% with a prevailing age of 20-40 years.19968737622
an experimental model of multistep laryngeal carcinogenesis: combined effect of human papillomavirus type 16 genome and n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine.this report describes the two-step in vitro transformation of human laryngeal epithelial cells (hlec cells). primary cultured hlec cells were first transfected with cloned full-length human papillomavirus type 16 dna, and two immortalized cell lines (hlec-16 cell lines) were selected by subculturing transfected cells that continued to proliferate. the hlec-16 cell lines were not tumorigenic in nude mice, and did not proliferate well in a culture medium containing a physiological level of calcium ...19968740818
p53 expression and human papillomavirus infection in transplant recipients and in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. 19968746364
interleukin 2 production in vitro by peripheral lymphocytes in response to human papillomavirus-derived peptides: correlation with cervical pathology.human papillomavirus (hpv) is believed to be the major cause of cervical cancer. to investigate whether a cellular immune response, especially a t helper type 1 response, is related to the natural defense against hpv-related cervical lesions, the interleukin 2 response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to overlapping peptides from hpv-16 e6 and e7 oncoproteins was compared with the degree of cervical cytological abnormality among 140 women in a cross-sectional study. we compared 66 women ...19968752165
the dimeric dna binding domain of the human papillomavirus e2 protein folds through a monomeric intermediate which cannot be native-like.the dimeric dna binding domain of the human papillomavirus e2 protein displays a two-state concerted unfolding and dissociation, with no detectable monomeric intermediate species accumulated at equilibrium. we investigated the kinetic folding mechanism of the dimeric domain using stopped-flow spectroscopic techniques and observed a fast forming monomeric intermediate, followed by a slower bimolecular reaction. both phases involve secondary structure rearrangements of similar magnitude. our resul ...19968756330
[comparison of human papilloma virus-dna in condyloma acuminatum, cervical cancer and the female genital tract].to examine human papilloma virus (hpv) infection rate and types in several lesions of the genital tract and to observe the relation between hpv and host cells for differential handling of cases and for early diagnosis.19968758791
tenascin in human papillomavirus associated lesions of the uterine cervix.the immunohistochemical expression of tenascin was studied in 80 morphologically diagnosed condylomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) lesions. the results were compared with the human papillomavirus (hpv) dna subtype, which was determined by hpv dot blot and in situ hybridisation. tenascin mrna synthesis was also determined in 10 selected cases by in situ hybridisation. no statistically significant association was found between tenascin expression and the degree of dysplasia or the ...19968763275
[the dosage-performance effects on ca-ski and hpk cells in relation to the dose and fractionation].the steep decrease of dose and dose-rate in brachytherapy implies very different radiobiological considerations of the biological effectivity.19968765347
labelling pattern obtained by non-isotopic in situ hybridization as a prognostic factor in hpv-associated lesions.in the study of infection of the lower female genital tract caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), one of the main concerns is the search for prognostic factors to predict the evolution of premalignant low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. this study has evaluated the prognostic usefulness of the patterns of positive reaction obtained by non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish), referred to as diffuse, punctate, or mixed 'labelling patterns'. the study examined 141 vulvar and ute ...19968774482
growth inhibition of human cervical cancer cells with the recombinant adenovirus p53 in vitro.human papillomavirus (hpv) has been identified in the majority of invasive cancers of the uterine cervix sampled and has been found to contribute in a significant way to the genesis of human cervical cancer. hpv has two transforming genes that encode the oncoproteins e6 and e7. e6 can form complexes with p53 and promote p53 degradation. we introduced wild-type p53 into a cervical cancer cell line via a recombinant adenoviral vector, ad5cmv-p53. human cervical cancer cell line hela, which has hpv ...19968774641
human papillomavirus in oral premalignant lesions.the aetiology of oral premalignant lesions is generally accepted to be multifactorial. tobacco and alcohol are established as important cofactors in malignant development in the oral cavity, but in addition microorganisms, such as human papillomavirus (hpv), have gained much interest over the past decade. for many years, hpv has been accepted as an important cofactor in the development of cervical cancer, originating from a mucous membrane with similarities to the oral mucosa. 49 patients with o ...19968776424
the pathology of vulvar neoplasia.current literature on the pathology of vulvar disease continues to focus on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, the role of human papillomavirus in vulvar neoplasia, and paget's disease of the vulva. of particular concern is an increasing incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia noted over the past several decades, specifically among younger women. human papillomavirus has emerged as a major factor in this trend. furthermore, a more aggressive course may ensue in these young women, requiring ...19968777261
frequent association of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 dna with anal squamous cell and basaloid carcinoma.human papillomaviruses (hpvs) play a major role in the development of genital neoplasia. their role in anal carcinogenesis is less clear, and the rate of hpv genome detected in invasive anal carcinoma varies considerably in the different reports. moreover, the relationship of hpv to basaloid carcinoma, claimed to represent a histologic type different from the common squamous cell carcinoma, is still controversial. by use of both polymerase chain reaction and southern blot hybridization on dna ex ...19968782197
detection of human papillomavirus type-16 dna utilising microtitre-plate based amplification reactions and a solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay detection system.the development of a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect low concentrations of human papillomavirus type-16 (hpv-16) dna for epidemiological studies is described. the pcr utilises primers located in the e5 open reading frame, has an analytical sensitivity of 4 hpv-16 genomes and does not produce amplicons from other common genital hpvs (types-6, -11, -18, -31 and 33). this assay was carried out in 96-well plates utilising internal primers labelled with dinitrophenol (dnp) and ...19968783151
anal carcinoma: a clinical approach to p53 and rb gene proteins.the role of p53, retinoblastoma (rb) and c-erbb-2 gene proteins in the pathogenesis of anal carcinomas has been examined. a total of 97 patients were included in the study. c-erbb-2, rb and p53 proteins were abnormal in 0, 5 and 34% of the cases, respectively. no correlation was observed between p53 and age, sex, tumour stage, histopathological tumour grading, human papilloma virus (hpv) affection or prognosis. it is concluded that the c-erbb-2 gene is not involved in the development of anal car ...19968784470
a novel genital human papillomavirus (hpv), hpv type 74, found in immunosuppressed patients.the genome of a novel human papillomavirus (hpv) type, hpv74, was cloned from an iatrogenically immunosuppressed woman with persisting low-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. hpv74 was found to be phylogenetically related to the low-risk hpv types 6, 11, 44, and 55. hpv74 or a variant of this type was found in specimens from three additional immunosuppressed women but not in about 3,000 anogenital specimens from immunocompetent patients.19968784613
topical 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of cervical human papillomavirus infection.chemosurgical treatment of vaginal/cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) is limited by vulvar pain and dysuria resultant from leakage and vulvar/urethral tissue reaction to the 5-fu. women with cervical hpv dna identified by in situ hybridization on colposcopically directed biopsy were treated with topically applied 5% 5-fu cream. a fitted cervical cap was used to restrict exposure to 5-fu. repeat biopsies and in situ hybridization at least 6 weeks after applic ...19968793499
natural variants of the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 protein differ in their abilities to alter keratinocyte differentiation and to induce p53 degradation.three naturally occurring variant human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 proteins, which contained amino acid substitutions predominantly near the n terminus, exhibited significant differences in their abilities to abrogate keratinocyte differentiation in response to serum and calcium and to induce the degradation of p53 in vitro. one variant surpassed the reference e6 protein in its ability to abrogate keratinocyte differentiation responses, whereas another showed a reduction in this activity ...19968794343
detection of human papillomavirus in cervical biopsies of summer camp rotc cadets with abnormal papanicolaou smears.human papillomavirus (hpv) infections may be the most common sexually transmitted disease (std) among adolescents and young adults. a strong association exists for certain "high-risk" hpv-type cervical infections and subsequent evolution of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. the objective of this study was to detect hpv in cervical biopsies of reserve officer training corps (rotc) cadets attending a regional summer camp who had abnormal screening papanicolaou (pap) smears and to better d ...19968795786
ethnic differences in risk factors associated with genital human papillomavirus infections.this study was a cross-sectional analysis of different risk and cofactors for genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection among 302 women in four ethnic groups at 10 clinic sites. ethnicity, rather than hpv status, accounted for most of the differences among the groups on five risk factors: age at first sex, number of lifetime sexual partners, number of partners' sex partners, number of 'once only' sex partners, and number of 'long-term' sexual relationships. there were also ethnic differences ...19968796472
the psychosocial impact of human papillomavirus infection: implications for health care providers.the american social health association (asha) surveyed people with human papillomavirus (hpv) about their experiences with the disease and its effect on their lives. a sample of 837 was chosen from the subscribers to hpv news, asha's quarterly journal for people with hpv. of the sample, 489 returned completed surveys, which addressed medical history, health care experiences, personal impact, and demographic information. data analysis was descriptive. data illustrated that the psychosocial impact ...19968799782
the e6 variant proteins e6i-e6iv of human papillomavirus 16: expression in cell free systems and bacteria and study of their interaction with p53.several species of alternatively spliced mrnas are transcribed from the e6 gene region of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16. these have the coding capacity for either the full length e6 of 151 amino acids (aa) or four truncated variants, e6i-e6iv, of 43-64 aa. as the first step to identify the putative e6 variants and their functions, we generated cdnas corresponding to the various e6 open reading frames (orf) and examined their expression employing in vitro transcription/translation systems and the ...19968806176
human papillomavirus type 16 e6 protein up-regulates the expression of the high mobility group protein hmg-i(y) gene in mouse 10t1/2 cells.using a differential hybridization technique, we have identified a mouse cellular gene, high mobility group protein hmg-i(y), whose expression is up-regulated by the e6 protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16. this gene was overexpressed in e6-expressing mouse 10t1/2 cells, but not in g418-resistant 10t1/2 cells. the expression of the hmg-i(y) gene was up-regulated by the transient expression of e6 from a zinc-inducible human metallothionein-iia gene promoter. expression was found to be mo ...19968806179
hpv6 variants from malignant tumors with sequence alterations in the regulatory region do not reveal differences in the activities of the oncogene promoters but do contain amino acid exchanges in the e6 and e7 proteins.human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv6) causes benign epithelial proliferations of the anogenital and aerodigestive tract, which usually tend to regress spontaneously. the low incidence of hpv6 in carcinomas and the rare progression of the benign tumors has led to the classification of hpv6 as "low-risk" virus. a series of reports, however, described the isolation of hpv6 variants from malignant tumors characterized by sequence rearrangements in the noncoding regulatory region (ncr). it was speculate ...19968806552
the e5 gene of hpv-16 enhances keratinocyte immortalization by full-length dna.human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is the most common papillomavirus genome found in human cervical cancers and its dna is capable of immortalizing primary keratinocytes in vitro. when expressed by their native promoter, two separate hpv-16 oncogenes, e6 and e7, cooperate to immortalize primary human keratinocytes. early hpv cervical lesions express abundant amounts of e5-specific rna, and using a quantitative keratinocyte immortalization assay, we demonstrate here that e5 can act in cis to i ...19968806560
p53-independent growth regulation of cervical cancer cells by the papillomavirus e6 oncogene.growth of cervical carcinoma cells depends on continuous expression of high risk type human papillomavirus oncogenes e6 and e7. e6 destabilizes p53, a tumor-suppressive transcription factor, which activates expression of the inhibitor of cell cycle progression p21 and other genes. e6-mediated p53 degradation can therefore result in cell cycle deregulation. it has, however, not yet been determined whether p53 inactivation is sufficient to provoke cell cycle progression in established cervical car ...19968806692
serological responses to human papillomavirus type 6 and 16 virus-like particles in patients with cervical neoplastic lesions.serum samples from 36 cervical carcinoma patients, 33 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 31 cytologically normal women were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using human papilloma virus type 6 (hpv 6) and hpv 16 virus-like particles as antigens. forty serum specimens from 1-year-old children were used to assign cutoff points. when serum samples from the subjects infected with hpv 16 were tested in an hpv 16 elisa detecting immunoglobulin a (iga), igg ...19968807204
activation of local cell-mediated immunity in interferon-responsive patients with human papillomavirus-associated lesions.successful immune response to viral infection, such as human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, involves presentation of viral antigens to the immune system, recruitment of t cells and macrophages, and activation of a diverse array of cytokines. interferons (ifn) are known to exert immunomodulatory functions via activating these pathways. however, the presence of hpv can interact with this process. we employed a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based method to study this phe ...19968807499
[p53 protein and human papillomavirus oncogenes in carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix].human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences are found in the majority (90%) of cervical tumors, and in cell lines derived from them. the products of the viral e6 and e7 oncogenes inactivate those from the p53 and rb tumor suppressor genes. the p53 protein controls the entrance to the cell cycle. when dna damage occurs, p53 levels are increased, resulting in cell arrest. this allows cells to repair the damage before replication occurs. cells without p53 (either mutated or absent) will replicate thei ...19968815489
genomic instability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.the role of genomic instability in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (scchn) has become apparent with the publication of three major allelotype analysis of this disease, as well as many publications which have concentrated on specific target regions. the measurement of accumulated genetic alterations or fractional allele loss, as determined by allelotype analysis, provides a useful molecular indicator of tumour behaviour. in one major study, a positive correlation was found between fal ...19968816845
temporal and histologic relationships of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and human papillomavirus type 11 in the mouse xenograft system.proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) is an accessory protein of dna polymerase delta. this protein is associated with cell cycle progression and can be detected in the replicating cells of normal tissues. condylomata acuminata are benign epithelial tumors caused by infection with human papillomaviruses and are characterized by abnormal cell proliferation. the athymic mouse xenograft model of hpv 11 infection was used to test the hypothesis that pcna is induced early in the course of hpv 11 ...19968825719
the relationship of human papillomavirus-related cervical tumors to cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.it has now been established that infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) is necessary for the development of most cervical cancers. hpv is not sufficient for the development of cancer. other exposures or host factors are necessary for cancer to occur. as part of an ongoing, population-based case-control study of invasive cervical cancer, we investigated the role of cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive (oc) use, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) as potential cofactors with hpv in the dev ...19968827359
human papillomavirus and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract: a review of epidemiological and experimental evidence.human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are recognized as important causes of cancer of the anogenital tract and may be involved also in the etiology of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (uadt). epidemiological and experimental evidence lend some support to this possibility. increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx subsequent to the occurrence of cancer of the cervix has been found and suggests common etiological factors besides smoking. hpv has been found in a substantial p ...19968827362
diagnostic performance of hybrid capture human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay combined with liquid-based cytologic study.our purpose was to determine the diagnostic performance of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing when performed on liquid-based (thin-prep) cytologic samples.19968828429
oxytocin-stimulated responses in a pregnant human immortalized myometrial cell line.smooth muscle cells isolated from the myometrium of a pregnant woman at term were infected with a replication-defective adenovirus vector expressing the e6/e7 proteins of human papilloma virus 16. a clonal line, phm1-41, was selected by resistance to geneticin and examined for maintenance of smooth muscle phenotype and response to oxytocin. the immortalized cell line retained morphological characteristics of proliferating smooth muscle cells in culture for up to 22 passages and has been used for ...19968828850
bacterial expression and immunological detection of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein.we have expressed an unfused e7 protein from human papillomavirus 16 into escherichia coli by using a t7-rna polymerase system. e7 mrna was detected one hour after promoter induction. western blot analysis using either a murine monoclonal antibody elicited against e7 or sera from cervical carcinoma patients demonstrated that recombinant e7 expressed in e. coli reacted to both of them, and a 21 kd band is observed as a positive signal. this protein provides a suitable material for further protein ...19968831707
detection of human papillomavirus in routinely processed biopsy specimens from laryngeal papillomas: evaluation of reproducibility of polymerase chain reaction and dna in situ hybridization procedures.the frequency of human papillomavirus (hpv) in laryngeal papillomas varies largely among different studies. dna in situ hybridization (ish) has been the most widely used method for detection of hpv. the aim of this study was to compare the reproducibility and sensitivity of ish with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 35 specimens of laryngeal papillomas routinely fixed in buffered or unbuffered formalin. out of 12 specimens fixed in buffered formalin, 10 were positive for hpv 6/11 using ish. the ...19968831853
histopathologic examination of penile epithelial lesions is of limited diagnostic value in human papillomavirus infection.guidelines for the histopathologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection have been drawn from changes seen in cervical specimens not necessarily applicable to penile epithelium.19968836023
staurosporine resistance accompanies dna tumor virus-induced immortalization and is independent of the expression and activities of erk1, erk2, cyclin a, cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2, and cdk4.staurosporine, a potent protein kinase inhibitor, has been shown to arrest the growth of a number of normal cell types in the g1 phase of the cell cycle, while having little effect on several transformed lines. we wished to determine whether increased resistance to staurosporine was a common feature of virus-immortalized human cells and whether this phenotype was an early event following the expression of sv40 tumor antigens. human foreskin keratinocytes immortalized by the sv40 dna tumor virus ...19968838866
is the evidence implicating human papillomavirus type 16 in esophageal cancer hard to swallow? 19968841013
human papillomavirus-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia following lesbian sex.less than 3% of lesbians develop cervical dysplasia, with increasing risk correlating with previous heterosexual activity. because they are not currently sexually active with men, many lesbians do not perceive themselves to be at risk for developing dysplasia and do not obtain regular papanicolaou smears. there are no standard recommendations for papanicolaou smear intervals for lesbians.19968841259
human papillomavirus expression in oral mucosa, premalignant conditions, and squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective review of the literature.the literature of human papillomavirus detection in normal oral mucosa and oral lesions associated with the dysplastic progression of epithelium was reviewed to help define the role of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.19968843455
human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in sinonasal schneiderian papillomas. an in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction study.using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), it has been recently reported that the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is present in the majority of schneiderian sinonasal papillomas (snp) of the inverted type and may play a role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. the reported prevalence rates of human papillomavirus (hpv) in different types of snp is also controversial and in need of clarification. twenty-eight snp from 27 patients were histologically classified and evaluated for evidence of ebv using p ...19968853035
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with malignant transformation in a young adult.the term 'papilloma' was first used by mackenzie 100 years ago, who claimed that this was the most benign tumour of the larynx. today papillomas are considered to be caused by the human papilloma virus group (h.p.v.). the majority of patients suffering from this disease which is also referred to as 'recurrent respiratory papillomatosis' require multiple surgical operations for tumour removal. malignant transformation of papillomas, which is a rare condition, is considered to occur mainly to irra ...19968857327
hiv infection in women: an escalating health concern.the proportion of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to increase. over one-half of women acquire the virus through heterosexual contact. the diagnoses that define the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the use of antiretroviral therapy are similar in men and women, except in pregnancy. however, management decisions differ significantly regarding contraceptive and gynecologic care. besides abstinence, use of the latex condom continues to be the most effective ...19968857778
demonstration of human papillomavirus type 16-related dna and absence of detectable p53 gene mutations in widespread cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas after oral psoralen with uv-a treatment. 19968859052
use of multiple pcr primer sets for optimal detection of human papillomavirus.using multiple pcr primer sets, we tried to optimize the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) in dna samples isolated from 361 frozen biopsy specimens from patients with invasive cervical carcinomas. the hpvs detected were placed into three distinct groups, including group i/inex at telelab (skien, norway) and group ineg and group ii at the norwegian radium hospital (oslo, norway). the consensus primer sets were oli-1b-oli-2i, my09-my11, gp5-gp6, and gp(5+)-gp6+ from the hpv l1 gene and cpi-c ...19968862564
response to interferon treatment decreases with epidermal dedifferentiation in condylomas.after interferon (ifn) treatment of patients with condyloma acuminatum, groups clinically proven to be responders or nonresponders were selected, and cellular parameters that might influence the clinical response were studied in pretreatment biopsies by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the nonresponders were found to express higher amounts of cellular proliferative markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), cyclin a, and cdc 2 kinase, but lower levels of ...19968863992
loss of seroreactivity against human papillomavirus (hpv) in bone marrow transplant recipients.sera from 19 autologous and 35 allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients at huddinge university hospital were analyzed by different elisa assays before and 1 year after bmt for the presence of igg antibodies towards human papillomavirus (hpv). one assay was a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (elisa). these peptides were derived from the amino acid sequences of the two major viral capsid proteins of hpv 16, p(31) l1 and (p49) l2. the other was an elisa using hpv-type 16 vi ...19968864443
nonradioisotopic detection and typing of human papillomaviruses by use of polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), used to detect human papillomavirus (hpv), is finding increasing applications in clinical laboratories. the standard method of analysis to detect amplified pcr products is ethidium bromide gel electrophoresis combined with labor intensive blot hybridization. in this study, we describe single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) to detect and genotype simultaneously general primer gp5+/gp6+ amplified hpv dna using semiautomated electrophoresis on polyacryla ...19968866235
absence of human papillomavirus dna in breast cancer as revealed by polymerase chain reaction.oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 commonly associated with cervical cancer are found in many epithelial malignancies at extra-genital sites including breast. the transforming gene products of hpv have also been shown to immortalize breast epithelial cells in vitro. but the findings of hpv dna in breast carcinoma are found to be contradictory. in the present study fine needle aspirate cell (fnac) samples from 26 breast cancer patients and four breast tumour biopsies were analys ...19968872328
oncological problems in aids--a review of the clinical features and management.since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic in the early 1980s, several malignant conditions have been recognised to be associated with this syndrome which affect up to 40% of aids patients at some stage of their illness. they include kaposi's sarcoma, systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma and invasive cervical cancer. kaposi's sarcoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma were tumours rarely seen below the age of 50 prio ...19968876905
e7 proteins of four groups of human papillomaviruses, irrespective of their tissue tropism or cancer association, possess the ability to transactivate transcriptional promoters e2f site dependently.in an experimental system in which an expression vector including the e7 gene of a given human papillomavirus (hpv), together with a luciferase reporter plasmid including the adenovirus e2 (ad e2) promoter, was transiently transfected into cultured mouse nih3t3 fibroblastic cells, we obtained the signal indicating that e7 proteins of hpv type 5, 12, 14, 20, 21, 25, and 47, which are associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), can transactivate the ad e2 promoter, as previously reported ...19968879118
risk factors associated with genital hpv infection.the genital human papillomavirus (hpv) is directly associated with cervical cancer, the second most common form of cancer among women. the study was guided by a synergistic interaction model of hpv risk factors. the relative risk of selected risk factors and cofactors associated with genital hpv infections was identified. women at highest risk for acquiring an hpv infection had (a) initiated sex before age 15, (b) more than four lifetime sex partners, (c) more than one "once only" sexual partner ...19968885483
natural history of cervical neoplasia: overview and update.current cervical cancer control strategies and specifically, the screening and treatment policies that have been used during the past 30 years, are based on an understanding of the natural history of cervical neoplasia that does not take into account the important role of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer pathogenesis. this survey presents a review of new data on the causes of cervical cancer and the role of human papillomavirus and recommends the integration of these data. incorporation o ...19968885793
clinicopathologic analysis of 370 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. italian study group on vulvar disease.to investigate epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of various grades of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin).19968887191
human papillomavirus type 11 and 16 e5 represses p21(wafi/sdii/cipi) gene expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.here we report that the e5 proteins of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) and hpv-16 suppressed the expression of the p21(wafi/sdii/cipi) tumor suppressor gene in nih 3t3 cells and immortalized human keratinocytes. the promoter activity of p21 was repressed by e5 of hpv-11 and -16, suggesting that p21 gene suppression by e5 was at the transcriptional level. using an inducible system, we demonstrated that increased induction of hpv-11 e5 in nih 3t3 cells and keratinocytes led to increased repr ...19968892872
a novel c/ebp beta-yy1 complex controls the cell-type-specific activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 upstream regulatory region.the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) upstream regulatory region (urr) controls viral gene transcription in a cell-type-specific manner. the hpv-18 urr is active in hela cells but inactive in hepg2 cells. the activating activity of yy1 in hela cells is dependent on its functional interactions with the switch region which is critical for the hpv-18 urr activity in hela cells. here, we show that a protein complex composed of c/ebp beta and yy1 binds the switch region which is detected only in ...19968892890
epidemiologic determinants of seroreactivity to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 virus-like particles in cervical hpv-16 dna-positive and-negative women.the epidemiologic determinants of seroreactivity to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 l1/l2 virus-like particles (vlps) were assessed separately in hpv-16 dna-positive and -negative women participating in a nested case-control study of incident cervical neoplasia. seventy-four women with cervical hpv-16 dna and 656 cytologically normal hpv-16 dna-negative subjects were interviewed and tested at two time points for viral dna and once (at the later time) for vlp seroreactivity. among subjects who ...19968896493
comprehensive study of several general and type-specific primer pairs for detection of human papillomavirus dna by pcr in paraffin-embedded cervical carcinomas.we have compared the efficacies of three general primer pairs for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinomas. the use of these primer pairs leads to underestimates of the hpv prevalence (gp5/6, 61.1%; cpi/iig, 57.4%; my09/11, 46.9%; combined, 72.8%). the efficacy of each primer pair seemed to be inversely correlated to the length of the amplimer produced. by using newly developed type-specific primer pairs (amplimer length, approximately 10 ...19968904451
type of human papillomavirus is related to clinical features of cervical carcinoma.despite the fact that approximately ten types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are associated with cervical carcinoma, the question of whether the hpv type present in cervical carcinoma is related to clinical behavior had yet to be answered when this study was conducted.19968909314
the adeno-associated virus rep78 major regulatory/transformation suppressor protein binds cellular sp1 in vitro and evidence of a biological effect.adeno-associated virus (aav) rep78 is a multifunctional protein that is required for aav transcriptional activity, aav dna replication, and possibly for site-specific integration of aav into human chromosome 19. rep78 is also able to inhibit a variety of heterologous promoters, including those of c-h-ras, human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, and hiv type 1. however, rep78 is unable to significantly affect murine osteosarcomavirus (msv). it was noticed that promoters that are inhibited possess b ...19968912872
induction of an antibody response in mice against human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 after immunization with hpv recombinant salmonella strains.human papillomaviruses (hpv) are present in approximately 95% of all cervical carcinomas and the hpv e6 and e7 genes are continuously expressed in these lesions. there is also circumstantial evidence that often natural immunity against hpv is generated and that this is of influence on hpv-induced lesions. stimulation of the immune system by proper presentation of relevant hpv antigens might, therefore, lead to a prophylactic or therapeutic immunological intervention for hpv-induced lesions. for ...19968917635
suppression of cancer cell growth by adenovirus expressing p21(waf1/cip1) deficient in pcna interaction.p53 tumor suppression is deficient in the majority of human cancers. efforts to understand this pathway have identified cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors and suggested a potential for their replacement in human cancer. in the present studies, expression of a c-terminal deletion mutant of the human p21(waf1/cip1) cdk inhibitor completely suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells, whereas full-length p21 only partially suppressed growth. we prepared a replication-deficient adenoviral reco ...19969816291
sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive history in women with experience of casual travel sex abroad.background: the objective of this study was to determine whether the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and some reproductive events in women with experience of casual travel sex (cts) abroad with previously unknown male partners differed when compared to women lacking such experience. methods: nine hundred and ninety-six women seeking contraceptive advice from two family planning clinics and a youth clinic were studied. two hundred and seventy-six of these women (27.7%) admitted ...19969815441
immunotherapy of cancer by peptide-based vaccines for the induction of tumor-specific t cell immunity.recent progress in defining the molecular nature of antigens and in finding ways to manipulate t cell-mediated immune responses may provide new modalities for cancer treatment. in this report, we review preclinical studies as well as the first clinical trials with vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of anti-tumor immunity. in particular, we focus on the development of a vaccine against human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinoma.19969373306
papillary (pebbled) masses of the oral mucosa: more than simple papillomas.soft tissue masses are found in almost 4% of adult dental patients, and most of these will never be biopsied. clinical evaluation, therefore, is of paramount importance. oral mucosal masses with irregular or nodular surface alterations are of special concern. these alterations may appear to be papillomas, but there are several type of papillomas, and among the lesions which present with a papilloma-like appearance are diverse malignancies, contagious infections, sexually transmitted diseases, va ...19969242122
[human papillomavirus infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, especially high risk types hpv 16 and 18, have been studied widely in cervical cancer. however, hpv infection in esophageal cancer has not been well defined. in the present study, immunohistochemistry, pcr and southern blot hybridization methods were used to detect hpv infection in 127 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. immunohistochemistry results indicated that the virus was detected frequently in well differentiated carcinoma. the positive rates ...19969388862
mechanism of hpv e6 proteins in cellular transformation.the e6 protein is a major transforming protein of many types of papillomaviruses. mechanistically, the best characterized e6 proteins are those of the high-risk genital hpvs (e.g. hpv-16 and 18 e6), which function, at least in part, by inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein. biochemical studies have shown that this occurs by targeted degradation of p53, dependent on the e6-ap ubiquitin-protein ligase. the model that has emerged from e6/e6-ap-dependent p53 degradation has provided insight ...19969284524
interactions of the human papillomavirus e7 protein with cell cycle regulators.human papillomavirus (hpvs) critically depend on the cellular machinery for the replication of their genome. viral replication is restricted to the differentiated strata of the skin that are normally growth arrested. hence, the hpvs have developed strategies to subvert cellular growth regulatory pathways and are able to uncouple cellular proliferation and differentiation. the hpv e7 protein can overcome the activity of some cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, associate with cyclin/cyclin depende ...19969284525
hla control in the progression of human papillomavirus infections.cellular immunity is likely to be of major importance for the clearance of inapparent or overt infections caused by human papillomaviruses (hpvs). the highly polymorphic class i or class ii human leukocyte antigen (hla) molecules present hpv-derived peptides to cytotoxic (cd8+) or helper (cd4+) t lymphocytes bearing specific receptors and condition the immune responsiveness to hpv infections. recent data point to a role of an altered expression of hla molecules in the persistence of hpv-induced ...19969284528
[study of hpv in oral squamous cell carcinoma].in order to demonstrate the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), we detected hpv 16 and 18 type dna in oscc and normal mucosa (nom) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), then analysed the pcr products using southern blot hybridization. the study shows that the positive rates of hpv dna were 47.8% (11/23) in oscc, including hpv16 in 6 samples, hpv18 in 3 samples and 16, 18 co-infection in 2 samples. in contrast, hpv16 dna were found to be 20% (2/10) in nom. ...19969592298
anal neoplasia in persons with hiv infection.aside from the neoplasms that are clearly related to immunodeficiency, such as non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma, numerous observations have also shown an association between hiv infection and the incidence of cervical and anal neoplasms. human papillomavirus (hpv) is the etiologic factor in anogenital neoplasms, although the mechanisms of the association are not clearly understood. it is believed that several hpv genes are critical in the malignant cell transformation process. an etio ...199611363714
hiv-positive women and their care.the medical care of hiv-positive women needs to be considered. after initial evaluation, hiv-positive women need to have a genealogical evaluation to determine if any conditions are present which may be difficult to treat or may have a more accelerated course. pap smears should be done again after 6 months and then yearly. if cd4 counts fall below 250, pap smears should be done biannually. an abnormal pap smear could be a sign of a genital tract infection, which can cause cervical inflammation. ...199611363116
cellular and molecular alterations in human epithelial cells transformed by high let radiation.an understanding of the radiobiological effects of high let radiation is essential for human risk estimation and radiation protection. in the present study, we show that a single, 30 cgy dose of 150 kev/micrometer 4he ions can malignantly transform human papillomavirus immortalized human bronchial epithelial [bep2d] cells. transformed cells produce progressively growing tumors in nude mice. the transformation frequency by the single dose of alpha particles is estimated to be approximately 4 x ...199611538954
tumor viruses and endogenous retrotransposons in mammary tumorigenesis.much of our knowledge about the intricate pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of a normal mammary epithelial cell to malignancy derives from studies on mammary tumorigenesis induced by the retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus. in addition, three dna tumor viruses, simian virus 40, polyomavirus, and human papillomavirus, have been instrumental in dissecting the series of steps comprising neoplastic progression of mammary epithelium, particularly with cultured human breast ...199610887480
regulation of human papillomavirus transcription by the differentiation-dependent epithelial factor epoc-1/skn-1a.human papillomavirus (hpv) early gene expression is closely linked to the differentiation status of infected epithelial cells. typically, hpv type 16 (hpv16) or hpv18 e6 and e7 transcripts are only barely detectable within the undifferentiated basal cell layer, but their levels increase concomitantly with higher degrees of epithelial cell differentiation in suprabasal cells. a similar differentiation-dependent distribution of expression has been reported for the recently cloned epithelial cell s ...19968523512
promoter usage in the e7 orf of hpv16 correlates with epithelial differentiation and is largely confined to low-grade genital neoplasia.human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) transcription in hpv16-positive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and cervical carcinomas was analyzed using rna-rna in situ hybridization. subgenomic probes were constructed which specifically detected individual spliced e6/e7 transcripts as well as transcripts initiated within the e7 open reading frame (orf). in most biopsies, viral rna was predominantly initiated in the e6 orf at promoter p97 and contained the ...19968543397
human papillomavirus infection: treatment options for warts.human papillomavirus can produce verrucae, or warts, on cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. although the diagnosis is usually straightforward, issues regarding the need for treatment and the choice of treatment are complex. the rationale for the treatment of viral warts is based on the prevention of spread to other areas of the body or to other people; the prevention of irritation, bleeding and other unwanted local effects of the wart; cosmetic and psychosocial considerations, and the possible assoc ...19968546041
psoralen plus uv-a-associated skin cancer: a likely role for human papillomavirus type 16? 19968546492
treatment of established tumors with a novel vaccine that enhances major histocompatibility class ii presentation of tumor antigen.presentation of antigenic peptides by mhc class ii molecules to cd4+ t cells is critical to the generation of antitumor immunity. in an attempt to enhance mhc class ii antigen processing, we linked the sorting signals of the lysosome-associated membrane protein (lamp-1) to the cytoplasmic/nuclear human papilloma virus (hpv-16) e7 antigen, creating a chimera (sig/e7/lamp-1). previously, we found that expression of this chimera in vitro and in vivo with a recombinant vaccinia vector targeted e7 to ...19968548765
additive inhibitory effects of retinoids and interferon-alpha on the growth of human cervical carcinoma cells.the combination of 13-cis retinoic acid (13cra) and interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) has shown marked antitumor activity against locally advanced cervical cancer in vivo. to begin to explore the mechanism and potential of the efficacy of this combination, the sensitivity of 9 cervical carcinoma cell lines to the growth inhibitory effects of these agents was examined after 1 to 7 days of treatment. ifn-alpha (100 u/ml) alone exerted variable effects. siha cell line was very sensitive showing 75% inhi ...199621544324
characterisation of cellular changes which influence progression of human papillomavirus type-16 immortalised keratinocytes to anchorage-independent phenotype.cellular alterations which influence progression to an anchorage-independent phenotype are poorly understood. few immortalised keratinocyte lines have been reported to form colonies in semi-solid medium, and the important role of the anchorage-dependence in controlling the behaviour of keratinocytes reflects the resistance of these cells to form colonies in soft agar. we describe here a model for studying in vitro the progression of human papillomavirus type-16 (hpv-16) immortalised keratinocyte ...199621544345
p53 levels in human mammary epithelial cells expressing wild-type and mutant human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 proteins.human fibroblast cells must overcome both the m1 and the m2 stages of cellular senescence to immortalize, at which point cells almost always express telomerase activity. the human papillomavirus (hpv) oncoproteins, hpv-16 e6 and e7, can block the progression to senescence in fibroblasts by associations with p53 and prb, respectively. human mammary epithelial (hme) cells require only hpv-16 e6 to bypass m1, suggesting that prb may not have a direct role in hme cells senescence. in the present rep ...199621544354
detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) and k-ras mutations in human lung carcinomas.the purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of hpv infection as well as k-ras codon 12 point mutations in lung cancer. patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma between 1988 and 1992 (n=99) were selected. hpv detection and typing was performed by pcr from paraffin-embedded tissues, while mutations in codon 12 of k-ras gene were detected using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. the prevalence of hpv infection was 15%, while k-ras codon ...199621544468
polymorphism of the hpv-16 e6 gene of cervical-carcinoma.polymorphism of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) genome has been reported to occur within the noncoding regulatory long control region (lcr) and in the e7 and l1 genes. the current study focuses on the hpv-16 e6 oncogene which interacts with the antioncogenic regulator p53. seventy-eight hpv-16-positive dna samples derived from cervical carcinomas were screened for the presence of polymorphism in the hpv-16 e6 gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) linked single stranded conformational ...199521552834
the gene encoding the p53-regulated inhibitor of cdks (pic1) is not expressed in the molt-4 leukemia-cell line with p53 truncated at the carboxyl-terminus, and harbors a nucleotide substitution at codon-31 in several other cancer cell-lines.entry into the cell cycle is governed by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and cdk-inhibitors (cdkis). the p53-regulated inhibitor of cdks (pic1) is a universal cdki whose gene expression is directly induced by the p53 tumor suppressor protein. reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction revealed strong pic1 gene expression in control mrc-5 human embryo lung cells, but relatively weaker bands in a549 lung carcinoma; hep3b, mahlavu, plc/prf/5 hepatocellular carcinoma; siha, caski, ...199521556614
p53 protein accumulation and the presence of human papillomavirus dna in bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma correlate with poor prognosis.accumulation of the tumour suppressor gene p53 product due to a gene mutation is frequently seen in human carcinomas, including lung carcinoma. another indirect mechanism involving p53 in malignant growth relates to the e6 protein of the human papillomavirus (hpv), which is able to bind and degrade wild-type p53 protein, thus eliminating its tumour suppressor activities. bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (bac) is a rare type of lung carcinoma. the aim of our study was to examine the occurrence of p5 ...19958550245
effectiveness of three ribozymes for cleavage of an rna transcript from human papillomavirus type 18.we tested three hammerhead ribozymes for their ability to bind and cleave rna transcripts derived from the e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus (hpv) type-18. targets were located at nucleotides (nt) 123, 309, and 671 of the viral transcript. in vitro each ribozyme hybridized to its target site when the ribozyme:target ratio was 20:1 or greater and achieved maximal hybridization within 1 hour. hpv rna from the hela cervical cancer cell line was cleaved effectively by each ribozyme. when hpv r ...19958548580
detection of human papillomavirus in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis using polymerase chain reaction.we examined the presence and subtypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) in 20 paraffin-embedded samples (from 12 patients) of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the biopsies had been stored for months to 12 years. due to the great genetic variability of hpv, we selected a conservative sequence of the viral genome (l1 region) to identify the vast majority of the subtypes. positive results were obtained by one-step pcr amplification with the my09-11 consensus ...19958544718
role of human papillomavirus and p53 tumor suppressor gene in cervical carcinogenesis.to determine whether the dysfunction of p53 protein, caused either by the mutation of p53 gene itself or by the human papillomavirus (hpvs) is involved in the development of cervical cancers and to find out the status of p53 tumor suppressor gene in hpv positive or negative cancers, we analyzed 64 cases of primary cervix cancers. first, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed with e6 consensus primer pairs to detect the infection of hpvs in cervix cancer tissues. second, to screen the p53 ...19958546000
degradation of the proto-oncogene product c-fos by the ubiquitin proteolytic system in vivo and in vitro: identification and characterization of the conjugating enzymes.the transcription factor c-fos is a short-lived cellular protein. the levels of the protein fluctuate significantly and abruptly during changing pathophysiological conditions. thus, it is clear that degradation of the protein plays an important role in its tightly regulated activity. we examined the involvement of the ubiquitin pathway in c-fos breakdown. using a mutant cell line, ts20, that harbors a thermolabile ubiquitin-activating enzyme, e1, we demonstrate that impaired function of the ubiq ...19958524278
human papillomavirus type 11 e1--e4 and l1 proteins colocalize in the mouse xenograft system at multiple time points.the most abundant viral mrna species in hpv 11-infected tissue consists of two exons, joining a segment of open reading frame (orf) e1 to orf e4, potentially encoding the e1--e4 protein. the l1 orf encodes the major capsid protein of hpv. our previous studies demonstrated colocalization of the hpv 11 e1--e4 and l1 proteins within the same cells of hpv 11-infected human foreskin implants grown in athymic mice (the mouse xenograft system) and removed 12 weeks after implantation. prior studies have ...19958525625
polymerase chain reaction analysis of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cytologic smears.we used a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to study the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in stained, archival cervical cytologic smears, where my09/my11 served as outer primers and gp5/gp6 as inner primers. it was found to give a higher positivity rate than pcr using the e1 degenerate consensus primers, where the sensitivity was decreased to 80%. it seemed optimal to use less sample dna (0.5%) for the reaction; larger volumes resulted in decreased reactivity. similarly, the prese ...19958526946
carbon dioxide laser miniconization for treatment of human papillomavirus infection associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.the effect of the carbon dioxide laser miniconization for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with concomitant human papillomavirus infection was evaluated.19958533568
occurrence of human papillomavirus infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. a retrospective histopathological study of 317 cases treated by laser conization.the aim of the study was to compare the histological outcome of the cone specimens with the diagnoses of the preoperative biopsies, to assess the distribution of histological features consistent with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and, finally, to analyse the impact of cellular hpv features on classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the study comprised a population of 317 women treated for cin by laser conization during the period 1983-85. a total of 634 cervical specim ...19958534427
competition inhibition of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) lysis, a more sensitive method to identify candidate ctl epitopes than induction of antibody-detected mhc class i stabilization.we compared the efficiency of two commonly used cellular major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i peptide-binding assays to identify a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope-containing peptide among length variants derived from the human papilloma virus type 16 (hpv 16) oncoprotein e7. although both assays identified the same sequence (e7 49-57) as the most efficient db-binding peptide, the efficiency by which they did so differed markedly. in a peptide competition cytotoxicity (pcc) assay, ...19958537084
human papillomavirus-associated malignancies in hiv-positive men and women.human papillomavirus (hpv) infections of the anogenital tract and hpv-associated anogenital neoplasia are commonly found in hiv-positive men and women. although there is little evidence suggesting that the incidence of invasive cervical cancer is increased in hiv-positive women, the incidence of invasive anal cancer may be increased in hiv-positive men. among hiv-positive women, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progresses more rapidly and recurs more often after primary therapy than in hiv-neg ...19958541389
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