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highly efficient focus formation by rous sarcoma virus on adenovirus type 12 e1a-transformed rat 3y1 cells.when rat 3y1 cells were infected with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) variant sr-rsv-d(h), many 3y1 cells acquired a stable provirus but only few of them formed transformed foci. in contrast, 12e1ay cells (3y1 cells expressing the adenovirus type 12 [ad12] e1a protein) formed transformed foci upon rsv infection with the same high frequency as did chicken embryo fibroblast cells. this enhancement of focus-forming efficiency was specifically observed in 3y1 cells expressing ad12 e1a protein but was not o ...19921310757
epidemiology and aetiology of acute bronchiolitis in hong kong infants.the epidemiological, clinical and virological features of 1220 children with acute bronchiolitis admitted to the prince of wales hospital, hong kong, from 1985 to 1988 are reported. they accounted for 6.6% of total paediatric admissions and provided a case incidence of bronchiolitis requiring admission to hospital of approximately 21 per 1000 children 0-24 months of age. the clinical course and outcome was in general benign. the average hospital stay was 5 days and there were no deaths. ten per ...19921312477
[intravenous gamma globulins (i.v.ig) in the treatment and prevention of virus infections].active research is currently underway to determine the role of intravenous administration of igg (i.v.ig) in preventing and treating viral infections (cmv, hiv, rsv, eb, echo, adeno). these studies strongly suggest that immunoglobulin therapy may be beneficial in renal and bone marrow transplant patients to prevent or treat in cmv infections. intravenous gamma globulins appears to be effective not only reducing the overall prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities in kawasaki disease but, more ...19921338350
carg, ccaat, and ccaat-like protein binding sites in avian retrovirus long terminal repeat enhancers.a strong enhancer element is located within the long terminal repeats (ltrs) of exogenous, oncogenic avian retroviruses, such as rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and the avian leukosis viruses. the ltrs of a second class of avian retroviruses, the endogenous viruses (evs), lack detectable enhancer function, a property that correlates with major sequence differences between the ltrs of these two virus groups. despite this lack of independent enhancer activity, we previously identified sequences in ev ltr ...19921312613
phosphorylation of connexin43 in cells containing mutant src oncogenes.disruption of gap junctional communication (measured by intercellular dye transfer) in cultured fibroblasts by pp60v-src is correlated with phosphorylation of the gap junction protein, connexin43 (cx43), on tyrosine. in this report, we examine the functional relevance of these observations by studying cx43 phosphorylation in cells containing kinase-active, non-myristylated pp60(2a527f) or pp60v-src temperature sensitive (ts) for transformation. non-transformed cells expressing pp60(2a527f) trans ...19921315016
mutations that alter the activity of the rous sarcoma virus protease.mutations designed by analysis of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 protease (pr) crystal structures were introduced into 1) the substrate binding pocket, 2) the substrate enclosing "flaps," and 3) surface loops of rsv pr. each mutant pr was expressed in escherichia coli. changes in activity were detected by following cleavage of a truncated (nc-pr) precursor polypeptide in e. coli and cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates representing rsv and hiv-1 pr clea ...19921315755
analysis of substrate interactions of the rous sarcoma virus wild type and mutant proteases and human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease using a set of systematically altered peptide substrates.in the preceding study, mutant rous sarcoma virus (rsv) proteases are described in which three amino acids found in the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) protease (pr) were substituted into structurally comparable positions (grinde, b., cameron, c.e., leis, j., weber, i., wlodawer, a., burstein, h., bizub, d., and skalka, a. m. (1992) j. biol. chem. 267, 9481-9490). in this report, the activity of the wild type and these mutant prs are compared using a set of rsv nc-pr peptide substrates wi ...19921315756
infectious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) effectively inhibits the proliferative t cell response to inactivated rsv in vitro.the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the cellular immune response of human mononuclear cells in vitro was examined. inhibition by rsv of the lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in vitro was confirmed using cells from human umbilical cord blood. in addition, rsv significantly inhibited both the proliferative and t cell colony responses of human mononuclear cells to epstein-barr virus. an rsv-specific cellular immune response was induced in vitro by stimulation of mononuclear c ...19921373752
the effect of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation on the assembly of adherens-type junctions.adherens-type junctions (ajs) are major subcellular targets for tyrosine specific protein phosphorylation [volberg et al. (1991) cell regul., 2, 105-120]. here we report on the apparent effect of such phosphorylation events on the assembly and integrity of ajs. we show that incubation of mdck cells with potent inhibitors of tyrosine-specific phosphatases (ptp), namely h2o2 and vanadate, leads to a dramatic increase in aj-associated phosphotyrosine which was apparent already within 2-5 min of tre ...19921316270
resistance of in vivo-selected spontaneously transformed cells and rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells to macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.the cytotoxic activity (cta) of activated peritoneal macrophages (mp) on variant lines of syrian hamster embryo (he) cells of differing malignant characteristics was studied. the target cells were a line of low-malignant cells resulting from spontaneous transformation of he cells in vitro (sthe strain), and malignant variants selected from them in vivo (sthe-lm-4, sthe-lm-8, and sthe-75/18 strains). in addition, we used cells of the het-sr-1 strain; these are he cells transformed in vitro by a t ...19921318222
protein and lipid lateral diffusion in normal and rous sarcoma virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts.we measured the lateral diffusion of the fluorescent lipid analogue dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide (dii) and of membrane glycoproteins labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (tritc) succinyl concanavalin a (scona) via fluorescence photobleaching recovery (fpr) at selected times during a temperature downshift experiment on transformation-defective temperature-sensitive (td-ts) rous sarcoma virus (rsv) ny68-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) and on identically treated cef and rsv-transfor ...19921319742
expression of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in the mouse lung after in vivo intratracheal plasmid-mediated gene transfer.as an approach to gene therapy for the respiratory manifestations of cystic fibrosis (cf), in vivo plasmid-mediated direct transfer of the normal cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene to the airway epithelium was investigated in mice. to evaluate the feasibility of this strategy, prsvl, a plasmid composed of a firefly luciferase gene driven by the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv-ltr), along with cationic liposomes was instilled into the trachea of c57bi/6ncr mice. with ...19921377820
infection of terminally differentiated myotubes with rous sarcoma virus (rsv): lack of dna integration but presence of rsv mrna.we re-examined the generally accepted concept that replication of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) requires host dna synthesis. we used terminally differentiated chicken myotubes as the host because chromosomal dna replication is completely abolished by the natural differentiation process. southern blot analysis detected unintegrated viral dna in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected myotubes. this indicated that reverse transcription of the infecting viral rna and transport of the newly synthesize ...19921321212
infection of terminally differentiated myotubes with rous sarcoma virus: reduced synthesis of env and v-src proteins.we studied rous sarcoma virus (rsv) protein synthesis in rsv-infected, terminally differentiated chicken myotubes ('late-infected' myotubes), in which no viral dna integration takes place but all three viral mrnas (38s, 28s and 21s) are transcribed normally. with the use of specific anti-rsv protein antisera, we found that only the viral gag and pol proteins were synthesized at levels similar to those synthesized in rsv-transformed fibroblasts; the synthesis of env and v-src proteins was signifi ...19921321213
transforming properties and substrate specificities of the protein tyrosine kinase oncogenes ros and src and their recombinants.to determine the sequences of the oncogenes src (encoded by rous sarcoma virus [rsv]) and ros (encoded by ur2) that are responsible for causing different transformation phenotypes and to correlate those sequences with differences in substrate recognition, we constructed recombinants of the two transforming protein tyrosine kinases (ptks) and studied their biological and biochemical properties. a recombinant with a 5' end from src and a 3' end from ros, called src x ros, transformed chicken embry ...19921321277
protective epitopes on the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus recognized by murine and bovine monoclonal antibodies.the regions of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that react with neutralizing, fusion-inhibiting and highly protective bovine and murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were mapped by two methods: (i) competitive binding assays and (ii) production and analysis of antibody-escape mutants. competitive binding assays with 16 murine and 10 bovine mabs identified 11 antigenic sites on the fusion (f) protein, many of which overlapped extensively, and indicated that cattle, a natural ...19921383403
small deletion in v-src sh3 domain of a transformation defective mutant of rous sarcoma virus restores wild type transforming properties.rsv mutant virus pa101t was obtained while assaying the tumorigenicity of parental pa101 virus in chickens. pa101 is a transformation defective mutant of rsv which has a low src kinase activity. however, pa101 retained a temperature-sensitive ability to induce sustained proliferation of neuroretina cells. pa101t appeared as a wild-type phenotype revertant of pa101. molecular cloning and sequencing of pa101t showed that this reversion is due to additional mutations in pa101 src gene. these mutati ...19921322589
transformation of chicken myelomonocytic cells by a retrovirus expressing the v-myb oncogene from the long terminal repeats of avian myeloblastosis virus but not rous sarcoma virus.to test the effect of long terminal repeat (ltr) regulatory sequences on the transforming capability of the v-myb oncogene from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), we have constructed replication-competent avian retroviral vectors with nearly identical structural genes that express v-myb from either amv or rous sarcoma virus (rsv) ltrs. after transfection into chicken embryo fibroblasts, virus-containing cell supernatants were used to infect chicken myelomonocytic target cells from preparations of ...19921323701
activation of human eosinophils in vitro by respiratory syncytial virus.to determine the nature of the interaction between viruses and eosinophils, normodense eosinophils were separated from the blood of healthy volunteers and incubated in vitro with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). after incubation for 2 h with the virus, 29.5 +/- 15.8% of the eosinophils demonstrated specific binding of the virus to the cell membrane, as detected by fluorescent staining with an anti-rsv mab. superoxide production and leukotriene c4 release were measured as determinants of cell a ...19921324464
microinjection of cloned proviral rous sarcoma virus dnas into xenopus laevis one cell embryos.plasmid patv8 carrying rous sarcoma virus (rsv) dna with one long terminal repeat (ltr) or plasmid paprc carrying complete rsv proviral dna was injected into fertilized eggs of xenopus laevis. the fate of the exogenous dnas was followed during embryogenesis. in both cases a new form of dna, comigrating with endogenous dna, began to appear shortly after the injection. this new form represented a linear dimer of the injected plasmid that had formed by ligation of linear monomers of the plasmid dna ...19921326446
partial characterization of rat cell lines infected by a rous sarcoma virus-33.rous sarcoma virus-33 (rsv-33) was obtained from a sample of chicken rous sarcoma which had been dried and stored in 1933. rsv-33, like the rsv-29, has the minimal number of passages beyond its isolation from chicken tumour no. 1. our experiments demonstrated that the rous sarcoma virus-33 was replication non-defective and was pathogenic for rats. established rat tumorigenic cell lines express the viral genome. all three species of viral rna were detected and v-src proteins and gag polyproteins ...19921326448
treatment of acute pulmonary failure with extracorporeal support: 100% survival in a pediatric population.since february 1990, five children, aged 10 days to 6.5 years, were treated with extracorporeal lung support at our hospital for acute, unrelenting pulmonary failure. two had viral pneumonia: one with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, and one with herpes simplex virus pneumonia, encephalitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. one presented with a febrile illness followed by a pulmonary hemorrhage. two patients had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) complicating s ...19921328587
transformation of nih3t3 cells by rous sarcoma virus occurs with high efficiency in the absence of proviral rearrangements or amplification.nih3t3 cells could be transformed by a mammaltropic strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) with an efficiency 10(3) times greater than that observed in balb/c 3t3 cells or other mammalian cell lines and almost identical to that of chick embryo fibroblasts. in infected nih3t3 cells a single, properly integrated, provirus was sufficient to induce focus formation; moreover, kinase activity of pp60v-src and tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins could be detected very soon after infection in the ...19921328985
risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered vaccines.a review is given of real and potential risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered live and dead vaccines. special attention is given to live carrier vaccines expressing one or more heterologous genes of other microorganisms. because most carrier vaccines are still in an experimental phase, there is only limited experience with the risks of carrier vaccines. there are three potential risks of live carrier vaccines which will be discussed: 1. changes in cell, tissue, ...19921413441
major histocompatibility (b) complex control of the growth pattern of v-src dna-induced primary tumors.observations that the major histocompatibility (b) complex is a determinant of the growth pattern of rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-induced tumors raised the question as to whether control is exerted at the level of a v-src-determined, i.e., transformation-specific, function. to investigate this point, the tumor size scores and tumor profile indices of v-src-induced tumors were compared in two lines of chickens congenic for b complex genotypes. the finding that the growth patterns of tumors, induced b ...19921329333
mechanism of inhibition of the retroviral protease by a rous sarcoma virus peptide substrate representing the cleavage site between the gag p2 and p10 proteins.the activity of the avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) or the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease on peptide substrates which represent cleavage sites found in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and hiv-1 has been analyzed. each protease efficiently processed cleavage site substrates found in their cognate polyprotein precursors. additionally, in some instances heterologous activity was detected. the catalytic efficiency of the rsv protease on cognate sub ...19921331099
enhanced detection of respiratory viruses using the shell vial technique and monoclonal antibodies.the shell vial technique using a549 and mdck cells, coupled with the use of bartels respiratory viral monoclonal antibodies, was evaluated initially for the detection of 28 previously isolated respiratory viruses. all viruses were recovered and correctly identified. the shell vial-monoclonal antibody technique was then evaluated for virus isolation from 338 respiratory specimens and compared with the conventional tube method. both methods gave rise to a total of 83 virus isolates. of these isola ...19921331151
a chimeric avian retrovirus containing the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene has an expanded host range.we have investigated what protein sequences are necessary for glycoprotein incorporation into rous sarcoma virus (rsv) virions by utilizing the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza virus. two chimeric ha genes were constructed. in the first the coding sequence for the signal peptide of the rsv env gene product was fused in frame to the entire ha structural gene, and in the second the hydrophobic anchor and cytoplasmic domain sequences of the ha gene were also replaced with those from the rsv ...19921331528
immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats (sigmodon fulviventer) using igg in a small-particle aerosol.to determine whether aerosolized igg can be used effectively in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, cotton rats were infected intranasally with rsv and treated 3 days later with human igg containing anti-rsv antibodies delivered in a small-particle aerosol. pulmonary histology and virus titers were determined 24 h after igg treatment. a single 15-min exposure to aerosolized igg did not exacerbate pulmonary pathology and effected a 50-fold reduction in pulmonary virus t ...19921431258
rapid detection of respiratory viruses using mixtures of monoclonal antibodies on shell vial cultures.eleven hundred and thirty-three clinical specimens submitted to the laboratory for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections were tested by direct immunofluorescence (dif) for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), by shell vial culture, and by conventional cell culture. the shell vial cultures were stained with 8 different monoclonal antibodies both 1 day and 3-7 days after inoculation. in order to limit the cost and the workload, mixtures of monoclonal antibodies were used. coverslips with hep-2 c ...19921334129
rous sarcoma virus does not induce sarcoma in early chick embryos by lack of the v-src gene expression.the schmidt-ruppin or the b77 strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) was inoculated into limb buds of 4.5-days-old avian embryos. no sarcoma but blister formation was observed in those rsv-inoculated embryos. protein kinase activity of pp60v-src in rsv-inoculated embryos, even in the site of virus inoculation, was the same as that in mock-infected embryos. this indicated that the expression of the v-src gene did not attain superiority over that of the c-src gene in rsv-inoculated embryos. the v-src ...19921336425
intensive care course and outcome of patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus.picu admissions of 97 children positive for respiratory syncytial virus on fluorescent antibody screening were reviewed; 68% of 44 patients without history of preceding disease (group i) and 79% of 53 patients with preceding pulmonary, cardiac, or other disease (group ii) required ventilation. in group i ventilated children weighted significantly less (p = 0.001) and were of lower chronological (p = 0.02) and post-conceptional ages (p = 0.02) than those not ventilated. eighteen infants ventilate ...19921437327
the role of viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in lower respiratory tract infections in childhood.acute lower respiratory tract infections are one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. this study was undertaken at hacettepe university children's hospital to determine the role of viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract infections in children. eighty-three patients with lower respiratory tract infections were selected at random from among the children admitted to the hospital for evaluation of respiratory symptoms. acute and convalesce ...19921440953
tumor induction by the ltr, v-src, ltr dna in four b (mhc) congenic lines of chickens.we report that the cloned dna harboring the long terminal repeat (ltr), v-src, ltr proviral structure is tumorigenic in chickens of the prague congenic lines. the growth rate of these tumors is by far the highest in the recombinant cc.r1 line, the b haplotype of which is composed of the b-f/l4 and b-g12 subregions originating from different naturally occurring haplotypes. some of the tumors induced by the ltr, v-src, ltr dna are repeatedly transplantable in syngeneic chickens, maintain unaltered ...19921348493
cloning and characterization of a thermolabile v-src gene for use in reversible transformation of mammalian cells.the use of temperature-sensitive (ts) src mutants for studies of cell transformation and differentiation has been limited by the availability of cloned ts-src genes that are inactivated at temperatures compatible with growth of mammalian cells. in this report, we describe the cloning and characterization of the tsla90src gene, which displays tight thermal sensitivity at 39.5 degrees c. nucleotide sequence comparison of tsla90 and wild-type src genes from the schmidt-ruppin subgroup a and d strai ...19921375718
nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection in a newborn nursery.the nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied in a newborn nursery in benin city, nigeria at a time the virus was known to be highly prevalent in the community. nasopharyngeal washings were obtained from babies on admission and, thereafter, every 4 days until discharged. questionnaires were administered to medical personnel with upper respiratory tract infection (urti). rsv was detected by an elisa technique. a total of 56 babies were studied, made up of 33 preterm and 2 ...19921381895
susceptibility to infection in relation to sids.because there is little evidence that invasive bacterial diseases contribute to cot deaths, most studies on infectious causes of sids have focused on viruses or toxin producing bacteria. although epidemiological studies found marginally significant associations between influenza virus and sids, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was isolated from 90% of older infants with sids. there are conflicting reports that some toxigenic bacteria (clostridium botulinum, clostridium difficle, enterotoxigenic ...19921474153
comparison of three immunoassays for the rapid detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (eia) designed for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in bovine lungs and the results were compared with those obtained by a direct fluorescent antibody assay (dfa). the eia tests used were directigen eia, kallestad pathfinder eia, and abbott rsv eia. homogenates of lung tissues obtained from 64 cattle that had died of respiratory disease were used; 32 were ...19921501586
the p60c-src family of protein-tyrosine kinases: structure, regulation, and function.in 1911, peyton rous reported that a fibrosarcoma could be transmitted between chickens in a cell-free extract of the tumor. the transmissible agent, rous sarcoma virus (rsv), transforms cells by virtue of the presence within its genome of a viral oncogene, v-src, which is derived from a normal cellular gene that has been picked up, or transduced, by the virus. this cellular proto-oncogene, c-src, encodes a protein, p60c-src, which has the ability to phosphorylate proteins on tyrosine residues. ...19921384720
role of the open reading frames of rous sarcoma virus leader rna in translation and genome packaging.the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) rna leader sequence carries three open reading frames (uorfs) upstream of the aug initiator of the gag gene. we studied, in vivo, the role of these uorfs by changing two or three nucleotides of the three augs or by deleting the first uorf. our results show that (i) unlike most previously characterized uorfs, which decrease translation, the first uorf (aug1) of rsv acts as an enhancer of translation, since absence of the first aug decreased translation; aug3 also modu ...19921327749
rapid detection of respiratory viruses by shell vial culture and direct staining by using pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies.the bartels respiratory virus panel detection kit is an indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) method that uses pooled and individual antisera for tissue culture confirmation of seven respiratory viruses. we evaluated these reagents for detecting viral antigen in shell vial cultures and by direct staining of cells from respiratory specimens. the isolation from 254 specimens of respiratory viruses in shell vial cultures compared with standard tube cultures was highly sensitive (94%) and specific (97 ...19921372616
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.a rapid method for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirates, involving a combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (rt-pcr), has been developed. the rt-pcr assay employs oligonucleotide primers specific for the region of the rsv genome which encodes the f1 subunit of the fusion (f) glycoprotein. other respiratory viruses do not give a positive reaction. the rt-pcr assay was tested on 202 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected f ...19921374080
intracellular processing of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein: amino acid substitutions affecting folding, transport and cleavage.the intracellular processing and transport of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein was examined by comparing the maturation and stability of wild-type f, uncleaved mutant f and chimeric f glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses to that of f protein expressed by rsv. one of the recombinant viruses, vf317, expressed f protein (f317) that was processed like the rsv f glycoprotein. f317 was synthesized initially as f0, the uncleaved glycosylated precursor of ...19921375280
osteoclasts express high levels of p60c-src, preferentially on ruffled border membranes.expression of p60c-src, the normal cellular counterpart of the transforming protein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv), p60v-src, was examined in mouse and rat authentic osteoclasts and mouse osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (mncs) formed in vitro. in co-cultures of mouse osteoblastic cells and spleen cells, the expression of p60c-src strikingly increased on day 5 in parallel with the appearance of mncs in the presence of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1 alpha,25(oh)2d3). immunohistochemical exami ...19921385221
immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus-respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with adenovirus types 4, 5, and 7 vectors in dogs and a chimpanzee.recombinant adenovirus type 4, 5, and 7 expressing the fusion glycoprotein (f) gene, the attachment glycoprotein (g) gene, or both f and g genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was constructed. intratracheal immunization of dogs with ad7f induced moderate titers of rsv-neutralizing antibodies. after booster immunization with ad4f, the dogs developed high titers of rsv-specific antibody. subsequently, three two-dose vaccination regimens, ad4f/ad5f, ad7g/ad4g, and ad7fg/ad4fg, were compared w ...19921527411
prospective controlled study of four infection-control procedures to prevent nosocomial infection with respiratory syncytial virus.to determine the most effective infection control procedure in preventing nosocomial infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we did a prospective controlled study of four infection-control strategies in four wards in a large paediatric hospital in the west of scotland. all children under two years old admitted to four general wards during three winter rsv epidemics (1989-92) were screened for rsv infection (by nasopharyngeal aspirate and direct immunofluorescence) within 18 hours of ad ...19921357462
a rearranged jund transforms chicken embryo fibroblasts.a complementary dna clone synthesized from the chicken jund mrna, containing 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences, was inserted in the retroviral expression vector rcas to yield the construct jd. a second rcas construct (dddd) contained only the coding domains of jund. dddd did not transform upon primary transfection, but jd produced small numbers of transformed cell foci in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. the virus recovered from these foci, jdv, was moderately transforming for chicken fibrobl ...19921472471
specificity of rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein in genomic rna packaging.site-directed mutagenesis has shown that the nucleocapsid (nc) protein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) is required for packaging and dimerization of viral rna. however, it has not been possible to demonstrate, in vivo or in vitro, specific binding of viral rna sequences by nc. to determine whether specific packaging of viral rna is mediated by nc in vivo, we have constructed rsv mutants carrying sequences of moloney murine leukemia virus (momulv). either the nc coding region alone, the psi rna packa ...19921378506
class-specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs.enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (elisa) was used to titrate virus-specific igg, igm and iga levels in nasal secretions, lung lavage fluids and serum samples sequentially obtained from lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). virus-specific igg and igm responses were measured by the indirect double antibody sandwich elisa using anti-bovine rsv monoclonal antibody, as capture antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-sheep igg and anti-sheep igm. virus-specif ...19921547834
synthesis and antiviral evaluation of n-carboxamidine-substituted analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride.ten, hitherto unreported, analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride (2a, ribamidine) and methyl carboximidate 5 have been synthesized. these include the n-cyano (2b), n-alkyl (2c-e), n-amino acid (2f-h), n,n'-disubstituted (6, 7a,b), and the n-methylated carboxamide (1f) analogues of ribavirin. in addition, a new facile synthesis of carboxamidine 2a was also developed. all compounds were evaluated for biological activity against the following rna viruses: p ...19921507208
differentiation of quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus. i. relationship between differentiation and tyrosine kinase of src gene product.quail embryonic pectoral myoblasts fuse with each other at 35.5 degrees c and 41 degrees c to essentially equal extents. when the myoblasts were transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (ts-rsv), their fusion and biochemical processes of differentiation became temperature-sensitive: their fusion occurred at 41 degrees c, the non-permissive temperature, but not at 35.5 degrees c, the permissive temperature, suggesting that the fusion was regulated by the viral transfo ...19921382873
reinfection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.eight lambs which were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when they were six to eight weeks old were challenged with the same virus seven months later. after reinfection, lambs developed mild clinical disease and the virus was isolated from nasal swabs from three lambs and peripheral blood from two lambs. reinfection resulted in changes in peripheral blood cell populations. there was an early increase in the number of cd8+ t lymphocytes and b (lca p220+) lympho ...19921553439
evidence of immunosuppression by bovine respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen in human infants and calves. calves and lambs infected with bovine rsv show mild clinical signs but they are more susceptible to secondary infection with pasteurella haemolytica. lambs infected with p. haemolytica 6 days after experimental infection with bovine rsv had significantly greater magnitudes of fever, higher disease and lesion scores and higher mortality rates than those infected with p. haemolytica or bovine rsv alone ( ...19921514055
solubilization and promoter analysis of rna polymerase from rice stripe virus.the rna-dependent rna polymerase associated with rice stripe virus was dissociated from viral rna (vrna) by cscl centrifugation. the solubilized rna-free rna polymerase transcribed a model rna template 50 nucleotides in length carrying the 5'- and 3'-terminal conserved sequences of all four genome rna segments. a 3'-terminal half molecule of the model template was also active as a template. hence, we propose that the 3'-terminal conserved sequence serves as a promoter for the rice stripe virus-a ...19921527854
epitopes at the proteolytic cleavage sites of hiv-1-gp120 and rsv-f protein share a sequence homology: comparative studies with virus-induced and antipeptide antibodies.the proteolytic cleavage sites of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 and the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) show a sequence homology. to study this homology two synthetic peptides corresponding to hiv-1-env-gp160-aa 507-518 (kakrrvvqrekr) and rsv-f2-aa 130-136 (skkrkrr) were synthesized. human serum samples from hiv-positive or rsv-positive collections recognized the appropriate peptide in 90.6 or 37.2% respectively. no cros ...19921385356
respiratory syncytial virus infection reinforces reflex apnea in young lambs.to evaluate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on reflex apnea elicited by application of water on the laryngeal mucosa, 11 healthy, term lambs were chronically instrumented at 2 wk of age. six lambs were inoculated with bovine rsv, and five lambs were mock-infected. the lambs were studied awake and unsedated before and 4, 8, 14, and 21 d after infection. rsv infection was associated with slight rhinorrhea and with moderately increased tracheal mucous discharge. there was ...19921570205
comparison of a new commercial enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus.two rapid methods for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory specimens were compared: direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) with monoclonal antibody and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) (test-pack rsv). ninety-five nasopharyngeal washings and aspirates from 51 children were examined; the patients were hospitalized during a winter outbreak of rsv infection in the first trimester of 1990. a total of 41.0% and 56.8% of these samples were positive by eia and dfa respectively. considering ...19921396733
transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus genome rna in vitro: requirement of cellular factor(s).extracts made from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hep-2 cells synthesized mrnas encoded by all known viral genes. in contrast, rsv ribonucleoproteins purified from infected cells failed to transcribe in vitro; transcription was restored by addition of a cytoplasmic extract of uninfected hep-2 cells, demonstrating that a cellular factor(s) has a role in rsv gene expression. quantitation of the individual gene mrnas transcribed in vitro revealed polarity of transcription of the g ...19921404620
genetically engineered rice resistant to rice stripe virus, an insect-transmitted virus.the coat protein (cp) gene of rice stripe virus was introduced into two japonica varieties of rice by electroporation of protoplasts. the resultant transgenic plants expressed the cp at high levels (up to 0.5% of total soluble protein) and exhibited a significant level of resistance to virus infection. plants derived from selfed progeny of the primary transformants also expressed the cp and showed viral resistance, indicating stable transmission of the cp gene and the trait of resistance to the ...19921409714
active respiratory syncytial virus purified by ion-exchange chromatography: characterization of binding and elution requirements.two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were used to evaluate viral purification by an affinity resin column (matrex cellufine sulfate (mcs); amicon division, wr grace & co.). viable rsv was purified significantly from crude cell lysate by a single pass through a column containing the anionic mcs resin. most cell protein and albumin eluted from the mcs resin with phosphate buffered saline (pbs) but rsv eluted at high ionic strength, i.e., greater than ...19921517352
sero-epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial and adenoviruses in children in ibadan, nigeria, 1985-1988.retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus (adv) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12 years old were assayed by complement fixation test for antibodies to both viruses. second samples were available from 42 of the subjects for antibody conversion testing. the rate v ...19921412660
complete nucleotide sequence of rna 4 of rice stripe virus isolate t, and comparison with another isolate and with maize stripe virus.the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 4 of rice stripe virus isolate t (rsv-t) was determined and found to consist of 2157 nucleotides, containing two open reading frames (orfs). one, deduced to be present in the 5'-proximal region of the viral-sense rna, encodes the stripe disease-specific protein with mr 20541, and the other orf, in the 5'-proximal region of the viral complementary sense rna, encodes an unknown protein with mr 32474. between these two orfs there is an intergenic non-coding r ...19921588328
immunologic response of adenoidal lymphocytes to respiratory syncytial virus.adenoidal lymphocytes obtained from 43 subjects with serum antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were established in culture in vitro and analyzed for immunoglobulin (ig) and rsv-specific antibody synthesis. spontaneous synthesis of ig was consistently observed in culture supernatants. the ratios of iga to igg and igm to igg in adenoidal lymphocyte culture supernatant were higher than in serum. in cell cultures stimulated with rsv or pokeweed mitogen, rsv antibody activity was detected ...19921416640
successful therapy with ribavirin of late onset respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis complicating allogeneic bone transplantation.a 21-year-old patient developed interstitial pneumonitis nine months post bone marrow transplant for acute myeloblastic leukaemia. immunofluorescence of broncheoalveolar lavage fluid revealed the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). aerosolized ribavarin therapy resulted in rapid resolution of the pneumonitis with full recovery without any side effects. ribavarin therapy should be considered early in the management of bmt patients who develop rsv pneumonitis.19921600691
respiratory syncytial virus infection in an adult with wegener's granulomatosis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been documented as a pathogen in adults who are immunocompromised because of various underlying conditions. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) and rsv infection resulting in a fatal outcome.19921600799
detection of genomic sequences of respiratory syncytial virus in otitis media with effusion in children.the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the nested polymerase chain reaction were used for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sequences in middle ear effusions collected from children with otitis media. sequences of rsv were detected in 21 of 34 samples tested. these samples were collected during and/or after natural outbreaks of rsv infection in the community. in those patients from whose nasopharynges rsv was isolated, the viral sequences were highly detectable (75% ...19921416657
[epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infections in the canary islands].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. outbreaks of rsv infection occur yearly during the winter or spring in temperate climates. our study of 634 hospitalized children under 3 years of age with bronchiolitis and pneumonia (november 1988 to january 1990) revealed that 227 (35.8%) had vrs infections. these cases showed a yearly epidemic pattern with 86.8% of the cases occurring during the winter. furthermore, 67.4% of the cases ...19921605415
evaluation of three rapid enzyme immunoassays and cell culture for detection of respiratory syncytial virus.three rapid enzyme immunoassay techniques for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen (becton dickinson directigen rsv, abbott rsv testpack and abbott rsv eia) and cell culture were evaluated in a total of 250 nasal washings. the sensitivity and specificity were 62% and 76% respectively for directigen, 64% and 86% for rsv testpack, and 76% and 81% for rsv eia, taking cell culture as the reference method. agreement between cell culture and eia techniques was 79% (70 positive and 128 ...19921425717
a novel, spectrophotometric microneutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus.we describe a simple and rapid microneutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) based on the colorimetric quantitation of the conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) to a formazan product by the mitochondria of viable cells. conditions for rsv infectivity were first optimized for sensitivity and reproducibility based on cell density and on rsv concentration as a function of multiplicity of infection (moi) and time post-infection and the re ...19921430065
recent observations regarding the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections: implications for vaccine development.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are common pathogens for all age groups. currently licensed influenza virus vaccines generally provide protection from clinically detectable disease caused by antigenically matched challenging viruses. in contrast, vaccine development for rsv has been hampered by the inability of candidate vaccines to induce protective immunity to naturally occurring infection. the precise mechanism(s) responsible for the rsv vaccine failures have not been de ...19921621415
respiratory syncytial virus detection by dot blot hybridization with a nonradioactive synthetic oligo deoxynucleotide probe.a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a region of the nucleocapside gene (n) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), was used as a dna probe to develop a nonradioactive hybridization assay for the detection of rsv. the probe was labeled by incorporation of biotin-7-datp to the 3' end by a reaction catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase. the dot blot hybridization assay was found to be specific for rsv when tested against rsv isolates (subgroups a and b) obtained from cell c ...19921431818
pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge of formalin-inactivated rsv-immunized balb/c mice is abrogated by depletion of cd4+ t cells.in previous studies, it was observed that children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (fi-rsv) developed severe pulmonary disease with greater frequency during subsequent natural rsv infection than did controls. during earlier efforts to develop an animal model of this phenomenon, enhanced pulmonary histopathology was observed after intranasal rsv challenge of fi-rsv-immunized cotton rats. progress in understanding the immunologic basis for these observatio ...19921433525
sequence analysis of the 22k, sh and g genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus and their intergenic regions reveals a gene order different from that of other pneumoviruses.the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) together with the nucleotide sequences of the relevant intergenic regions were determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of one of the genes shows significant identity (42%) to that of the 22k protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the trtv 22k gene, like that of rsv, has a second open reading frame, although the amino acid sequence deduced from this reading frame does not show an ...19921629697
production and secretion of high levels of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase in cultured cell lines: microheterogeneity of the catalytic subunit.to allow for structural analysis of the human acetylcholinesterase (hache) subunit, a series of eukaryotic vectors was designed for efficient expression. several eukaryotic multicistronic expression vectors were tested in various mammalian cell lines. all expression vectors contained the selectable neo gene under control of a weak promoter, while the hache cdna was under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early or rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv ltr) or simian virus 40 ( ...19921446827
[evaluation of 5 methods for the diagnosis of infections by respiratory syncytial virus].to compare and evaluate four different rapid methods of respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection with the isolation of the virus in cell culture.19921643129
shedding of infectious virus and virus antigen during acute infection with respiratory syncytial virus.shedding of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) of hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection was studied using direct antigen detection by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, rapid identification of infectious virus in centrifugally inoculated cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining and conventional virus culture. sequential npas, in which also local rsv-specific iga response was measured, were collected from children with proven rsv infection. the sh ...19921460457
protective activity of a human respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prepared from donors screened by microneutralization assay.to explore the feasibility of preparing a human immune globulin specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by screening plasma donors, the ability of seven rsv antibody assays to identify plasma-yielding igg with high virus-neutralizing and animal-protective activities was compared. igg prepared from plasma units selected by microneutralization assay had significantly higher activity in protecting mice from respiratory rsv challenge than did iggs prepared from plasmas selected by three direc ...19921538152
a regulatory cis element and a specific binding factor involved in the mitogenic control of murine ribosomal protein l32 translation.the mrna encoding ribosomal protein l32 redistributes from untranslated subribosomal particles into polysomes after mitogenic activation of quiescent t-lymphocytes and fibroblasts. to identify the regions of the l32 mrna which are important in regulating its cytoplasmic location we constructed a plasmid containing the murine l32 cdna under the control of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat promoter and introduced this construct into murine 3t3 fibroblasts. the mrna transcribed from ...19921309750
v-src enhances phosphorylation at ser-282 of the rous sarcoma virus integrase.the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) integrase (in) and the beta polypeptide (beta) of the reverse transcriptase are posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation on ser at amino acid position 282 of in. when in was immunoprecipitated from rsv (prague a strain) virions, approximately 30 to 40% of the in molecules were phosphorylated. when in was immunoprecipitated from a v-src deletion mutant (delta mst-a) of rsv or from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), the percentage of in molecules that were phosph ...19921312616
bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein gene: sequence analysis of cdna and expression using a baculovirus vector.the nucleotide sequence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), atcc strain a51908 fusion (f) glycoprotein gene cdna was determined. the amino acid sequence deduced was then compared to those of two different isolates of bovine rsv, strains rb 94 and 391-2, and the a and b subtypes of human rsv, strains 18537 and a2. the bovine rsv f protein is highly conserved between the three isolates, a51908 has 97% amino acid identity to rb 94, and 99% identity to 391-2. the f proteins of both the a an ...19921318950
unmutated proto-src coding region is tumorigenic if expressed from the promoter of rous sarcoma virus: implications for the gene-mutation hypothesis of cancer.the transforming (onc) genes of oncogenic retroviruses share most or all of their coding sequences with normal cellular genes termed proto-onc genes. the viral genes differ from proto-onc genes in virus-specific promoters and in various point mutations and substitutions of cell-derived coding regions. in view of the structural similarities between viral oncogenes and cellular proto-onc genes, the hypothesis has been advanced that proto-onc genes become cellular cancer genes if they have suffered ...19921321438
methylations of 70,000-da heat shock proteins in 3t3 cells: alterations by arsenite treatment, by different stages of growth and by virus transformation.we have characterized the basic amino acid methylation of three members of the 70,000-da heat shock protein superfamily, hsp68, hsc70, and bip, in balb/c 3t3 cells. it appears that a lysyl residue is the only methylation site in bip and that both lysyl and arginyl residues are methylated in hsp68 and hsc70. in all cases, epsilon-n-trimethyllysine is the predominant methyllysine species. both ng-monomethylarginine and ng,ng-dimethylarginine are identified as the methylarginine species. the stoich ...19921322111
improved outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a high-risk hospitalized population of canadian children. pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada.to determine the outcomes in children at high risk for death or complications from respiratory disease who are hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection.19921517907
lack of effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on theophylline disposition in children.conflicting reports raise a question about decreased plasma clearance (clp) of theophylline in man during viral infections. thus a dilemma exists concerning requisite dose adjustments. we examined this issue by retrospectively evaluating theophylline clp in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). two pharmacokinetic approaches were applied to a one-compartment open model to fit theophylline concentrations during 83 hospitalizations of 76 children, 6 to 48 months of age, who rec ...19921517927
the limited role of the human interferon system response to respiratory syncytial virus challenge: analysis and comparison to influenza virus challenge.the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced production of interferon (ifn) by human macrophages and mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) and the sensitivities of rsv to subtypes of ifn-alpha were examined and compared to ifn production induced by influenza virus. influenza virus induced high titers of total ifn bioactivity, transcription of the ifn-alpha 1 and ifn-beta gene products and production of ifn-gamma. in contrast, rsv induced minimal or no detectable total ifn activity, and the absence of if ...19921522795
respiratory syncytial virus: a comparison of diagnostic modalities.this study compared prospectively viral culture for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with three rapid rsv antigen detection tests: rsv eia and testpack rsv (tp), and directigen rsv (dir). additionally two methods of specimen collection were compared: nasopharyngeal rub (rub) and nasopharyngeal wash (wash). true positives were defined as positive rsv viral culture or at least two positive antigen tests. one hundred ninety-eight wash specimens obtained from children 3 years of age or younger duri ...19921523070
comparison of the ability of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus, immunopurified f, g and n proteins and cell lysate to enhance pulmonary changes in balb/c mice.formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv), a lysate of hep-2 cells and proteins f, g and n, immunopurified from infected cell cultures, were compared for their ability to prevent infection and to enhance changes in lung cytology associated with rsv challenge. mice were immunized at three weekly intervals with serial dilutions of the preparations and challenged by the nasal route 1 week after the last injection; their lungs were analysed 4 days later. the concentration of the immu ...19921539464
transcriptional activation of the cef-4/9e3 cytokine gene by pp60v-src.the cef-4/9e3 gene is expressed constitutively in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed cells. this expression is largely determined by an increase in transcription of the gene. in this report, we characterize the regulatory elements responsible for the transformation-dependent activation of cef-4/9e3. three sequences corresponding to ap-1, prd ii/kappa b, and taacgcaatt are involved in the process and therefore define the src-responsive unit (sru) of the cef-4 promoter. in constructs containing ...19921549106
respiratory syncytial virus infection of human primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cell cultures and bronchoalveolar macrophages.in adults, clinical symptoms caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are usually confined to the upper respiratory tract, whereas rsv infection in infants frequently causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the preferential localization of rsv infection to the upper airways may partially be due to protective immunity, but may also depend on a difference in susceptibility of epithelial cells from upper and lower airways, or on antiviral activities of bronchoalveolar macrophages (am). in this study ...19921550681
respiratory syncytial virus infection of alveolar macrophages in adult transplant patients.pulmonary epithelial cells are thought to be the primary cellular targets for infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vivo. to determine whether other pulmonary cells are infected by rsv, bronchoalveolar lavage cells from six adult transplant patients, four of whom had acute rsv infection, were examined by in situ immunohistochemistry to identify infected lung cells. both alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells were infected with rsv in vivo. at the single-cell level, three-color imm ...19921554223
gene transfer into specific vascular cells.gene transfer therapy in vascular surgery is on the horizon and will include the insertion of genes for anti-clotting proteins into the endothelial lining of vascular grafts and for genes controlling the proliferation of smooth muscle cells after endovascular intervention. here we address the possibility of targeting genes to specific vascular cells using non-infectious methods, deae-dextran or lipofectin complexes of reporter genes, to aid transfection of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells ...19921572452
humoral immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly.the relationship between serum immunoglobulins and the severity and risk of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the institutionalized elderly was prospectively assessed during the winter of 1989-1990 at a 591 bed nursing home. forty rsv infections were identified out of 149 respiratory illnesses by isolation of the virus or by a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in rsv-specific igg by eia. acute serum rsv igg levels were similar in those with rsv infection and those with non-rsv il ...19921573388
an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a bone marrow transplant center.an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occurred among 31 patients in a marrow transplant center over a 13-week period beginning in january 1990. rsv infection was also documented in 35 family members and employees. of 18 patients with pneumonia, 14 (78%) died. none of 13 with upper respiratory infection died. preengraftment patients tended to develop pneumonia more frequently than did engrafted patients. early administration of ribavirin may have had a beneficial effect in pa ...19921583345
viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. i. epidemiology.the epidemiological studies cited have indicated that viruses are commonly associated with wheezing illnesses in populations, in individuals, and in time, but, unlike bacteria, are rarely found during asymptomatic periods. viruses have been identified in up to 50% of wheezing illnesses and asthma exacerbations occurring in childhood, and in up to 20% of those in adults. in childhood the predominant organisms identified have been rhinoviruses. rsv and parainfluenza viruses, but coronaviruses have ...19921586873
effect of respiratory syncytial virus on adherence, colonization and immunity of non-typable haemophilus influenzae: implications for otitis media.adherence of non-typable haemophilus influenzae to respiratory epithelium was evaluated in a cotton rat model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. colonization with non-typable h. influenzae increased to a maximum within 4 days of rsv infection compared to rsv negative controls (4.58 +/- 0.17 vs 3.82 +/- 0.23 log colony forming units (cfu) per ml, p less than 0.05) and then declined over the subsequent 10 days (2.0 +/- 0 vs 3.78 +/- 0.39 cfu per ml, p less than 0.0001). in a second se ...19921592548
summertime respiratory syncytial virus infection: epidemiology and clinical manifestations.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common serious pathogen known to produce annual winter epidemics in young children. a 2-year study of children with significant respiratory disease during the summer revealed a 21% incidence of rsv infection. respiratory secretions collected from ill children in the lsumc outpatient clinics, from children seen by private physicians, and from children hospitalized with respiratory tract disease were assayed for rsv antigens. approximately 39% of those survey ...19921604385
cotton rats previously immunized with a chimeric rsv fg glycoprotein develop enhanced pulmonary pathology when infected with rsv, a phenomenon not encountered following immunization with vaccinia--rsv recombinants or rsv.in studies conducted in the 1960s, children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine (fi-rsv) developed a greater incidence and severity of pulmonary disease during subsequent natural rsv infection than did controls. it was previously shown that cotton rats immunized with fi-rsv or immunoaffinity-purified fusion (f) glycoprotein developed enhanced pulmonary histopathology following intranasal challenge with rsv. in the present studies, various fo ...19921609551
the ras and protein kinase a pathways are mutually antagonistic in regulating rat prolactin promoter activity.in an attempt to characterize the ras signaling pathway, we studied the effects of expression vectors encoding the valine 12 mutant ras oncogene on rat prolactin (rprl) promoter activity. using this approach we have been able to dissect the interplay between the ras and the protein kinase a (pka) pathways as they relate to neuroendocrine gene activation. here we show that the ras oncogene product induces rprl promoter activity selectively from 5- to 14-fold in gh4 rat pituitary tumor cells, wher ...19921620544
[induction of il2 responsiveness in allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from children with post respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection].induced interleukin 2 (il2) responsiveness in allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from children with post respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was studied. induction of il2 responsiveness in the patients lymphocytes was observed upon stimulation with allergens such as dermatophgoides farinae (df) antigen, ovalbumin (ova) and alpha-casein. such responses were not induced in age-matched normal lymphocytes. maximum response was shown in lymphocytes from children who had been suffering from the i ...19921622335
rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections by using a shell vial assay and monoclonal antibody pool.we compared the detection of seven respiratory viruses by using a commercially available monoclonal antibody pool in a 2-day shell vial assay with that by using standard cell culture with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-negative nasal secretions from hospitalized children. we found 179 respiratory virus isolates by either method in 675 specimens. overall, the shell vial assay detected 147 of 179 (79%) of the positives after 2 days; cell culture detecte ...19921624569
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