Publications

a novel multiple membrane blood-feeding system for investigating and maintaining aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes.	a novel multiple membrane blood-feeding system for mosquitoes has been developed for the study and routine maintenance of aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus skuse that require a meal of vertebrate blood to produce eggs. this blood-feeding system uses cattle collagen sausage-casing membrane to facilitate feeding. the efficiency of this blood-feeding system was compared to a live mice blood source. we observed that ae. aegypti that fed on pig whole blood had 89.7% (w/o atp) and 90.7% (w/ atp) b ...	2014	25424255
[evaluation of lethal ovitraps as a strategy for aedes aegypti control].	dengue fever is a vector-borne viral disease of major public health importance. in the absence of a vaccine, control measures are primarily focused on reducing the mosquito vector. however, these strategies are very expensive, and the use of lethal ovitraps could contribute, in a practical manner, to the design of cost-effective strategies for vector control.	2014	25504133
[ovitraps evaluation for surveillance and control of aedes aegypti in two urban settlements of urabá, antioquia].	aedes (stegomyia) aegypti is the main vector of dengue. chemical insecticides have been used to control the mosquito and it has developed resistance. it is necessary to evaluate alternative strategies that are efficient, economical and easy to apply, such as ovitraps with bacillus thuringiesis israeliensis .	2014	25504128
larvicidal activity of selected aloe species against aedes aegypti (diptera: culiciade).	management of mosquito vectors by current classes of mosquitocides is relatively ineffective and necessitates prospecting for novel insecticides with different modes of action. larvicidal activities of 15 crude extracts from three geographically isolated aloe ngongensis (christian), aloe turkanensis (christian), and aloe fibrosa (lavranos & l.e.newton) (xanthorrhoeaceae) species (five each) were evaluated against aedes aegypti (linnaeus in hasselquist) (diptera: culiciade l.) yellow fever mosqui ...	2014	25502038
use of different coloured ovitraps in the surveillance of aedes mosquitoes in an arid-urban area of western rajasthan, india.	in the absence of any commercially available dengue vaccine or antiviral therapy, controlling the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, is currently the only means to prevent dengue outbreaks. ovitraps are being employed as a sensitive method for detecting the presence of ae. aegypti. size, colour, material, paddle and use of oviposition attractant have been reported as important factors influencing the efficacy of ovitraps.	2014	25540965
dengue vectors prevalence and the related risk factors involved in the transmission of dengue in thiruvananthapuram district, kerala, south india.	a longitudinal, entomological and virological study was conducted from 2007 to 2010 in four dengue fever affected areas of thiruvananthapuram district, kerala to understand the risk factors involved in the dengue transmission.	2014	25540964
larvicidal activity of the leaf extracts of spondias mombin linn. (anacardiaceae) from various solvents against malarial, dengue and filarial vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus are vector mosquitoes of dengue, malaria, and filariasis, respectively. since no vaccine is available to treat these diseases, the control of the main mosquito vectors is essential. as conventional insecticides have limited success, plants may be alternative larvicidal agents, since they contain a rich source of bioactive chemicals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of methanol crude extract, hexane, dichloro ...	2014	25540962
larvicidal and repellent properties of streptomyces sp. vitjs4 crude extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).	the aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal and repellent properties of marine streptomyces sp. vitjs4 crude extracts. the marine soil samples were collected from the puducherry coast, tamil nadu, india. the isolate streptomyces sp. vitjs4 was taxonomically characterized and identified. the ethyl acetate crude extract tested for larvicidal property showed 100% mortality for all the 3 species after 24 h exposure against the early fourth instar larvae of malarial vector--anopheles st ...	2014	25546945
[control discourses and power relations of yellow fever: philadelphia in 1793].	1793 yellow fever in philadelphia was the most severe epidemics in the late 18th century in the united states. more than 10% of the population in the city died and many people fled to other cities. the cause of yellow fever in the united states had close relationship with slaves and sugar in philadelphia. sugarcane plantation had needed many labors to produce sugar and lots of africans had to move to america as slaves. in this process, aëdes aegypti, the vector of yellow fever had migrated to am ...	2014	25608507
distribution of yellow fever vectors in northwestern and western provinces, zambia.	to determine the distribution of yellow fever (yf) vectors species in northwestern and western of zambia, which sampled mosquitoes inside and outside houses in rural, urban, peri-urban and forest areas.	2014	25312199
larvicidal activity of persea americana mill. against aedes aegypti.	to evaluate the toxicity of the ethanol and hexane extracts of the different parts of persea americana mill. (p. americana) toward third and fourth instars larvae of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and to characterize the ethanol extract by qualitative phytochemical analysis.	2014	25312114
evaluation of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against vector mosquitoes.	diseases transmitted by blood-feeding mosquitoes, such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, japanese encephalitis, malaria, and filariasis, are increasing in prevalence, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones. to control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, which have worldwide health and economic impacts, synthetic insecticide-based interventions are still necessary, particularly in situations of epidemic outbreak and sudden increases of adult mosquitoes. green nanoparticle syn ...	2014	25300419
effects of croton rhamnifolioides essential oil on aedes aegypti oviposition, larval toxicity and trypsin activity.	although numerous reports are available concerning the larvicidal potential of essential oils, very few investigations have focused on their mechanisms of action. in the present study, we have investigated the chemical composition of the leaf oil of croton rhamnifolioides during storage and its effects on oviposition and survival of larvae of the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti. in addition, we have established a possible mechanism of action for the larvicidal activity of the essential oil. ...	2014	25317582
effective surveillance of vector dynamics of aedes aegypti in a hospital setting in cuiabá, mato grosso, brazil.	hospitals are important for vector control of endemic diseases.	2014	25313617
dengue in children.	dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of expanding geographical range and increasing incidence. the vast majority of dengue cases are children less than 15 years of age. dengue causes a spectrum of illness from mild fever to severe disease with plasma leakage and shock. infants and children with secondary heterologous dengue infections are most at risk for severe dengue disease. laboratory diagnosis of dengue can be established within five days of disease onset by direct detection of viral co ...	2014	25225163
studies on repellent activity of seed oils alone and in combination on mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the study was undertaken to investigate the relative repellency of pongamia pinnata and azadirachta indica seed oils on vector mosquito, aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. the repellents were formulated into 3 groups: seed oils, their mixture and combination of seed oils with three carrier oils viz. olive, mustard and coconut oil. different formulations of each oil were tested at the concentrations of 1% and 5% on human baits. efficiency was assessed, based on the total protection time; ...	2014	25204067
[dengue fever in portuguese speaking countries: which epidemiological links may we set?].	the recent occurrence of a number of outbreaks of dengue in portuguese speaking countries with no previous disease, aroused curiosity about the competing factors for the phenomenon and a need for better knowledge of the pathology. we review the dengue-related situation in portuguese speaking countries, linking the various outbreaks and trying to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon.	2014	25203960
larvicidal and phytochemical properties of callistemon rigidus r. br. (myrtaceae) leaf solvent extracts against three vector mosquitoes.	due to ever-growing insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors and environmental contamination by synthetic insecticides, plants may be a source of alternative agents for mosquito control. therefore, the present investigation involved the determination of larvicidal and phytochemical properties of callistemon rigidus leaf extracts against anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.	2014	25253215
how dengue vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) survive during the dry season in dhaka city, bangladesh?	in 2000, a dengue outbreak occurred in bangladesh that included dhaka city. both dengue vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are present in bangladesh. aedes aegypti mosquitoes mainly breed in and around houses and ae. albopictus is an outside breeder. there are many old trees throughout dhaka city in different parks, streets and the university campus which may have holes that can contribute as potential breeding habitat for the dengue vector. therefore, a survey was conducted to investigat ...	2014	25253210
multiobjective genetic algorithm applied to dengue control.	dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by a virus of the flaviridae family and transmitted to the person by a mosquito of the genus aedes aegypti. this disease has been a global public health problem because a single mosquito can infect up to 300 people and between 50 and 100 million people are infected annually on all continents. thus, dengue fever is currently a subject of research, whether in the search for vaccines and treatments for the disease or efficient and economical forms of mos ...	2014	25230238
discrepancies between aedes aegypti identification in the field and in the laboratory after collection with a sticky trap.	currently, sticky traps are regularly employed to assist in the surveillance of aedes aegypti infestation. we tested two alternative procedures for specimen identification performed by local health agents: directly in the field, as recommended by certain manufacturers, or after transportation to the laboratory. a total of 384 sticky traps (mosquitrap) were monitored monthly during one year in four geographically representative brazilian municipalities. when the same samples were inspected in the ...	2014	25230130
exploring new thermal fog and ultra-low volume technologies to improve indoor control of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	control of the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti (l.), inside human habitations must be performed quickly and efficiently to reduce the risk of transmission during dengue outbreaks. as part of abroad study to assess the efficacy of dengue vector control tools for the u.s. military, two pesticide delivery systems (ultra-low volume [ulv] and thermal fog) were evaluated for their ability to provide immediate control of ae. aegypti mosquitoes with a contact insecticide inside simulated urban structures ...	2014	25118418
chemical composition, larvicidal, and biting deterrent activity of essential oils of two subspecies of tanacetum argenteum (asterales: asteraceae) and individual constituents against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	water-distilled essential oils from dried aerial parts of tanacetum argenteum (lam.) willd. subsp. argenteum (lam.) and t. argenteum (lam.) willd. subsp. canum (c. koch) grierson were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. in total, 27 and 32 components were identified representing 97.2 and 98.7% of essential oils of subsp. argenteum and canum, respectively. main compounds of t. argenteum subsp. argenteum were alpha-pinene (67.9%) and beta-pinene (4.8%), whereas ...	2014	25118415
control of larval and egg development in aedes aegypti with rna interference against juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase.	rna interference (rnai) is a powerful approach for elucidating gene functions in a variety of organisms, including mosquitoes and many other insects. little has been done, however, to harness this approach in order to control adult and larval mosquitoes. juvenile hormone (jh) plays a pivotal role in the control of reproduction in adults and metamorphism in larval mosquitoes. this report describes an approach to control aedes aegypti using rnai against jh acid methyl transferase (aeajhamt), the u ...	2014	25111689
biological control of mosquitoes in scrap tires in brownsville, texas, usa and matamoros, tamaulipas, mexico.	dengue periodically circulates in southern texas and neighboring tamaulipas, mexico; thus, a closer examination of human and vector ecology at the northern limits of north american transmission may improve prevention activities. scrap tires produce large mosquito populations and increase the risk of dengue transmission. some households choose not to pay tire disposal fees, and many tires are illegally dumped in residential areas. biological control may provide low-cost and environmentally friend ...	2014	25102598
mosquito communities in nova iguaçu natural park, rio de janeiro, brazil.	abstract. in order to gather information on the culicid fauna of nova iguaçu municipal park, rio de janeiro, brazil, adult and immature stages were collected with the centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps, and dippers and suction tubes, respectively. in all, 828 adult and 990 immature specimens were collected belonging to 12 genera. among the species collected were aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. fluviatilis, ae. scapularis, haemagogus leucocelaenus, and psorophora ...	2014	25102590
standardization of a bottle assay--an indigenous method for laboratory and field monitoring of insecticide resistance and comparison with who adult susceptibility test.	the who adult susceptibility test is in use for insecticide resistance monitoring. presently, materials are being imported from the universiti sains malaysia, malaysia and sometimes it is cost prohibitive. as an alternative, we present here a method of bottle bioassay using indigenous material. different aspects related to the assay were studied and validated in the field. bottle assay was standardized in the laboratory by using locally sourced material and laboratory-maintained insecticide-susc ...	2014	25098343
repellency of essential oils extracted from thai native plants against aedes aegypti (linn.) and culex quinquefasciatus (say).	repellent activity of essential oils derived from 10 thai native plants, belonging to three families were evaluated against female aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus and to compare them with a commercial chemical repellents (deet; n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide 20% w/w; sketolene shield). each test repellent was applied at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations for testing by arm in cage method. the results showed significant differences in repellency among the repellents by mosquito species. the pro ...	2014	25088471
[dengue fever in mainland france].	dengue fever is the most widespread distributed vector borne viral disease. it is transmitted through the bites of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. with the expansion of aedes albopictus and increasing travel exchange, it is no longer limited to the tropical zone and transmission has been documented in temperate areas. in mainland france, where aedes albopictus has been present and disseminating since 2004, 2 episodes of autochthonous transmission occurred in 2010 and in 2013. cont ...	2014	25080833
dengue and dengue vectors in the who european region: past, present, and scenarios for the future.	after 55 years of absence, dengue has re-emerged in the who european region both as locally transmitted sporadic cases and as an outbreak in madeira, driven by the introduction of people infected with the virus and the invasion of the vector mosquito species aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. models predict a further spread of a albopictus, particularly under climate change conditions. dengue transmission models suggest a low risk in europe, but these models too rarely include transmission by a ...	2014	25172160
invasion of wolbachia at the residential block level is associated with local abundance of stegomyia aegypti, yellow fever mosquito, populations and property attributes.	wolbachia can suppress dengue and control mosquito populations and this depends on the successful invasion of wolbachia-infected mosquitoes into local populations. ovitrap data collected during the recent invasion of wmel-infected stegomyia aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (linnaeus) into gordonvale near cairns, australia, were used to identify variables that help predict the success of localized invasion. based on the variance in wolbachia frequencies across gordonvale as well as at another release ...	2014	25171611
estimation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) population size and adult male survival in an urban area in panama.	traditional mosquito control strategies rely heavily on the use of chemical insecticides. however, concerns about the efficiency of traditional control methods, environmental impact and emerging pesticide resistance have highlighted the necessity for developing innovative tools for mosquito control. some novel strategies, including release of insects carrying a dominant lethal gene (ridl®), rely on the sustained release of modified male mosquitoes and therefore benefit from a thorough understand ...	2014	25165979
adulticidal properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of feronia elephantum (rutaceae) against filariasis, malaria, and dengue vector mosquitoes.	mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ...	2014	25146645
larvicidal efficacy screening of anacardaciae crude extracts on the dengue hemorrhagic vector, aedes aegypti.	vector-borne diseases are still rife because of the re-emergence of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. the objective of this paper is to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of crude leaf extract of mangifera indica, gluta renghas, and melanochyla fasciculiflora against vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever, aedes aegypti. these plant species are endemic species and widely distributed in malaysian forests. leaves of ma. indica, g. renghas and m. fascculiflora were collected from teluk bahang national ...	2014	25134898
coexistence of philodina roseola (rotifera: bdelloidea) with larvae of aedes aegypti in india.	the vector mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus of dengue and chikungunya fever are closely associated with human habitations and adapted to feed on human blood. they undergo larval and pupal development in natural and artificial freshwater collections in the urban and peri-urban environment. although reports are available about the feeding behaviour of the thriving mosquito larvae, much information is still required to understand the successful survival of aedes mosquitoes in small an ...	2014	25134889
oral susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from senegal for dengue serotypes 1 and 3 viruses.	to investigate the potential for domestic and wild populations of aedes aegypti from dakar and kedougou to develop a disseminated infection after exposure to denv-3 and denv-1.	2014	25134541
[aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes are a new biological threat to the south of russia].		2014	23088153
transcriptional analysis of four family 4 p450s in a puerto rico strain of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) compared with an orlando strain and their possible functional roles in permethrin resistance.	a field strain of aedes aegypti (l.) was collected from puerto rico in october 2008. based on ld50 values by topical application, the puerto rico strain was 73-fold resistant to permethrin compared with a susceptible orlando strain. in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, the resistance of puerto rico strain of ae. aegypti was reduced to 15-fold, suggesting that cytochrome p450-mediated detoxification is involved in the resistance of the puerto rico strain to permethrin. to determine the cytochro ...	2014	24897853
identification and expression profile analysis of putative odorant-binding proteins in sitodiplosis mosellana (gehin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae).	odorant binding proteins (obps) contribute to the remarkable sensitivity of the insect's olfactory system and play important roles in the olfactory recognition. the orange blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana is a cereal specialist, and utilizes pheromone and host odorant as a cue for its mating and oviposition. however, obp genes have not been largely identified in s. mosellana. based on the sequenced transcriptome database, twenty-six obp genes were identified in s. mosellana for the first ti ...	2014	24440700
transport of h(+), na(+) and k(+) across the posterior midgut of blood-fed mosquitoes (aedes aegypti).	following ingestion of a blood meal, the adult female mosquito undergoes a massive diuresis during which na(+), cl(-) and water are secreted at high rates by the malpighian tubules. in the hours following completion of diuresis, digestion of the k(+)-rich blood cells provides a source of energy as well as amino acids for proteins in the developing eggs. although the transport of inorganic ions by the malpighian tubules of blood-fed mosquitoes has been extensively characterized, relatively little ...	2014	24406662
severe oral manifestation of dengue viral infection: a rare clinical description.	dengue infection is one of the most common mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans worldwide, representing a significant public health problem in over 100 tropical countries where its primary vector aedes aegypti occurs. although the disease is frequently limited to an abrupt febrile illness, it may also cause significant morbidity and if not adequately treated, mortality. therefore, it requires a correct and early diagnosis. oral manifestations of dengue infection are commonly reported as gingi ...	2014	24389569
the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity.	isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ...	2014	24365472
synthesis of the insecticide prothrin and its analogues from biomass-derived 5-(chloromethyl)furfural.	prothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was synthesized from the biomass-derived platform chemical 5-(chloromethyl)furfural in six steps and overall 65% yield. two structural analogues of prothrin were also prepared following the same synthetic approach. preliminary testing of these furan-based pyrethroids against the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti indicates promising insecticidal activities.	2014	24354505
larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from leucas aspera leaf extracts against dengue vector aedes aegypti.	vector-borne diseases caused by mosquitoes are one of the major economic and health problems in many countries. aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of several diseases in humans like yellow fever and dengue. vector control methods involving use of chemical insecticides are becoming less effective due to the development of insecticides resistance, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain, and adverse effects on environmental quality and nontarget organisms including huma ...	2014	24337613
competition for amino acids between wolbachia and the mosquito host, aedes aegypti.	the endosymbiont wolbachia represents a promising method of dengue control, as it reduces the ability of the primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti, to transmit viruses. when mosquitoes infected with the virulent wolbachia strain wmelpop are fed non-human blood, there is a drastic reduction in mosquito fecundity and egg viability. wolbachia has a reduced genome and is clearly dependent on its host for a wide range of nutritional needs. the fitness defects seen in wmelpop-infected a. aegypti ...	2014	24337107
evolution of dengue in sri lanka-changes in the virus, vector, and climate.	despite the presence of dengue in sri lanka since the early 1960s, dengue has become a major public health issue, with a high morbidity and mortality. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are the vectors responsible for the transmission of dengue viruses (denv). the four denv serotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) have been co-circulating in sri lanka for more than 30 years. the new genotype of denv-1 has replaced an old genotype, and new clades of denv-3 genotype iii have replaced older clades. the emergence ...	2014	24334026
larvicidal, ovicidal, and adulticidal efficacy of erythrina indica (lam.) (family: fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).	mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and japanese encephalitis. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was unde ...	2014	24322290
synthesis, activity, and qsar studies of tryptamine derivatives on third-instar larvae of aedes aegypti linn.	special attention has been given to the mosquito aedes aegypti linn. (diptera: culicidae) owing to numerous dengue epidemic outbreaks worldwide. failure to control vector spreading is accounted for unorganized urban growth and resistance to larvicides and insecticides. therefore, researchers are currently searching for new and more efficient larvicides and insecticides to aid dengue control measures. triptamine is known to affect insect behavior, development, and physiology. expression of this c ...	2014	24295020
larvicidal activity of mentha x villosa hudson essential oil, rotundifolone and derivatives.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of mentha x villosa essential oil (mveo) and its major constituent, rotundifolone, against larvae of aedes aegypti. additionally, a set of 15 analogues of the rotundifolone were evaluated to identify the molecular characteristics which contribute to the larvicidal effect. the results from the present study showed that the mveo exhibited outstanding toxic effects against ae. aegypti larvae (lc50=45.0ppm). rotundifolone exhibited reason ...	2014	24275151
trypsin inhibitor from moringa oleifera flowers interferes with survival and development of aedes aegypti larvae and kills bacteria inhabitant of larvae midgut.	moringa oleifera flower extract, with trypsin inhibitor activity, is a larvicidal agent on aedes aegypti. this work reports the isolation of trypsin inhibitor (m. oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (mofti)) and its effect on a. aegypti egg hatching, viability of newly hatched larvae, survival of pupae, and growth of inhabitant bacteria from midgut of fourth-instar larvae (l4). mofti (k i, 2.4 μm), isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin-agarose column, was an 18.2 kda polypeptide on sodium ...	2014	24271154
modulation of appetite and feeding behavior of the larval mosquito aedes aegypti by the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor paroxetine: shifts between distinct feeding modes and the influence of feeding status.	the effects of the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (2×10(-5) mol l(-1)) on behavior of the larval mosquito aedes aegypti are described. four discrete behavioral states dominate larval behavior: wriggling, two distinct types of feeding, and quiescence. feeding behaviors consist of foraging along the bottom of the container (substrate browsing), and stationary filter feeding while suspended from the surface film. fed larvae respond to paroxetine with increased wriggling, and redu ...	2014	24265428
essential oils and their compounds as aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) larvicides: review.	this review aims to describe essential oils and their constituent compounds that exhibit bioactivity against aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) larvae, the immature stage of the primary vector of dengue. this review is based on original articles obtained by searching on major databases. our literature review revealed that 361 essential oils from 269 plant species have been tested for their larvicidal activity. more than 60 % of these essential oils were considered active (lc50<100 mg/l), and ...	2014	24265058
indirect effects of cigarette butt waste on the dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	despite major insecticide-based vector control programs, dengue continues to be a major threat to public health in urban areas. the reasons for this failure include the emergence of insecticide resistance and the narrowing of the spectrum of efficient products. cigarette butts (cbs), the most commonly discarded piece of waste, also represent a major health hazard to human and animal life. cbs are impregnated with thousands of chemical compounds, many of which are highly toxic and none of which h ...	2014	24239749
impact of elevated co2 background levels on the host-seeking behaviour of aedes aegypti.	mosquitoes rely on carbon dioxide (co2) to detect and orient towards their blood hosts. however, the variable and rapid fluctuations of atmospheric co2 concentrations may have an impact on the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes. in this study, we analysed the effect of transient elevated background levels of co2 on the host-seeking behaviour and the physiological characteristics of the co2-sensitive olfactory receptor neurones (orns) in female yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti. we show th ...	2014	24198270
evaluation of biological and chemical insect repellents and their potential adverse effects.	plant extracts, particularly plant oils, had been used and were still in use as repellents against mosquitoes. some of them (e.g., lavender, geraniol, and citriodiol) have been notified by the european commission as active substances to be used in repellents, which are categorized as biocides in product type 19. in the literature, it is known that these substances must be added to repellent products in high concentrations (e.g., 20% and more) in order to reach repellent efficacy. therefore, the ...	2014	24142288
effect of moringa oleifera lectins on survival and enzyme activities of aedes aegypti larvae susceptible and resistant to organophosphate.	the indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides to control aedes aegypti has led to emergence of resistant populations. moringa oleifera seeds contain the lectins wsmol and cmol. wsmol has larvicidal activity on fourth-stage of a. aegypti organophosphate-susceptible larvae (rockefeller l4). this study reports on the effects of cmol on the survival of rockefeller l4 as well as of wsmol and cmol on l4 from an organophosphate-resistant population (rec-r). the effects of lectins on digestive (amyla ...	2014	24142287
oviposition deterrent activity of three mosquito repellents diethyl phenyl acetamide (depa), diethyl m toluamide (deet), and diethyl benzamide (deb) on aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus.	oviposition deterrent activity of three mosquito repellents namely diethyl phenyl acetamide (depa), diethyl benzamide (deb) along with diethyl toluamide (deet) was studied in the laboratory against aedes aegypti, a. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. all the repellents evaluated at three log concentrations 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001% in comparison with control by dual choice method. the oviposition response and oviposition activity index (oai) was estimated by counting number of eggs l ...	2014	24142286
are fish paratenic natural hosts of the caiman haemoparasite hepatozoon caimani?	the susceptibility of two fish and four mosquito species to the caiman yacare haemoparasite hepatozoon caimani was experimentally investigated. mosquitoes belonging to four species (aedes fluviatilis, aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus) were blood-fed on two naturally infected c. yacare from the central-west region of brazil that exhibited distinct levels of parasitaemia: caimans a (11.05%) and b (1.25%). none of the engorged a. fluviatilis, a. albopictus or a. aegypti mo ...	2014	24142284
diel sugar feeding and reproductive behaviours of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in trinidad: with implications for mass release of sterile mosquitoes.	studies on the diel sugar feeding periodicity of male and female aedes aegypti were conducted under laboratory conditions and monitored in single cages using the polyphagometer device and examined every 2h. males mosquitoes displayed two peaks in sugar feeding, a small morning peak at 06.00-08.00 h (16% of sugar feeding) and a significant evening peak at 16.00-18.00 h (40% of sugar feeding). a similar pattern was observed among females: a small early morning peak (18% of sugar feeding) and a sig ...	2014	24076041
chikungunya emergency in china: microevolution and genetic analysis for a local outbreak.	a small-scale local chikungunya outbreak occurred in a guangdong village of southern china in october 2010. the five chikungunya viruses (chikv) isolated from the epidemic and three other imported cases obtained from the same period were sequenced and analyzed for phylogenesis. the results demonstrated that all of the eight sequences were clustered in the eastern, central, southern, and african group. however, the local strains and imported isolates showed different sequence variations. a226v in ...	2014	24166737
discriminable roles of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in establishment of dengue outbreaks in taiwan.	aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were reported to be significant as vectors of dengue fever. in taiwan, the latter is distributed throughout the island while the former appears only south of the tropic of cancer; i.e., 23.5°n. in the past decade, there were five outbreaks with over 1000 cases of dengue fever in taiwan. without exception, these outbreaks all occurred in the south where the two aedes mosquitoes are sympartic. according to the center for disease control of taiwan, imported cases ...	2014	24161880
strong larvicidal potential of artemisia annua leaf extract against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston) and dengue (aedes aegypti l.) vectors and bioassay-driven isolation of the marker compounds.	malaria and dengue are the two most important vector-borne human diseases caused by mosquito vectors anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, respectively. of the various strategies adopted for eliminating these diseases, controlling of vectors through herbs has been reckoned as one of the important measures for preventing their resurgence. artemisia annua leaf chloroform extract when tried against larvae of a. stephensi and a. aegypti has shown a strong larvicidal activity against both of these v ...	2014	24158647
using global maps to predict the risk of dengue in europe.	this article attempts to quantify the risk to europe of dengue, following the arrival and spread there of one of dengue's vector species aedes (stegomyia) albopictus. a global risk map for dengue is presented, based on a global database of the occurrence of this disease, derived from electronic literature searches. remotely sensed satellite data (from nasa's modis series), interpolated meteorological data, predicted distribution maps of dengue's two main vector species, aedes aegypti and aedes a ...	2014	23973561
seasonal and nonseasonal dynamics of aedes aegypti in rio de janeiro, brazil: fitting mathematical models to trap data.	mathematical models suggest that seasonal transmission and temporary cross-immunity between serotypes can determine the characteristic multi-year dynamics of dengue fever. seasonal transmission is attributed to the effect of climate on mosquito abundance and within host virus dynamics. in this study, we validate a set of temperature and density dependent entomological models that are built-in components of most dengue models by fitting them to time series of ovitrap data from three distinct neig ...	2014	23933186
implications of saline concentrations for the performance and competitive interactions of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (stegomyia aegypti) and aedes albopictus (stegomyia albopictus).	aedes albopictus (stegomyia albopictus) (diptera: culicidae) has probably supplanted aedes aegypti (stegomyia aegypti) throughout most of its historical range in the u.s.a., although ae. aegypti still exists in large coastal cities in southern florida. we measured salt concentrations in field containers along an axis perpendicular to the coast and examined intraspecific outcomes in these species under different salt concentrations in a factorial study using varying intra- and interspecific densi ...	2014	23607885
hot temperatures can force delayed mosquito outbreaks via sequential changes in aedes aegypti demographic parameters in autocorrelated environments.	aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is a common pantropical urban mosquito, vector of dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. studies have shown ae. aegypti abundance to be associated with environmental fluctuations, revealing patterns such as the occurrence of delayed mosquito outbreaks, i.e., sudden extraordinary increases in mosquito abundance following transient extreme high temperatures. here, we use a two-stage (larvae and adults) matrix model to propose a mechanism for environment ...	2014	23537497
modelling interventions during a dengue outbreak.	we present a stochastic dynamical model for the transmission of dengue that considers the co-evolution of the spatial dynamics of the vectors (aedes aegypti) and hosts (human population), allowing the simulation of control strategies adapted to the actual evolution of an epidemic outbreak. we observed that imposing restrictions on the movement of infected humans is not a highly effective strategy. in contrast, isolating infected individuals with high levels of compliance by the human population ...	2014	23800514
chemometric studies on potential larvicidal compounds against aedes aegypti.	the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) is the vector of yellow and dengue fever. in this study, chemometric tools, such as, principal component analysis (pca), consensus pca (cpca), and partial least squares regression (pls), were applied to a set of fifty five active compounds against ae. aegypti larvae, which includes terpenes, cyclic alcohols, phenolic compounds, and their synthetic derivatives. the calculations were performed using the volsurf+ program. cpca analysis suggests that t ...	2014	23676010
residual and pre-treatment application of starycide insect growth regulator (triflumuron) to control aedes aegypti in containers.	dengue is not endemic in australia, although the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is. in order to prevent dengue establishment, australia maintains tight control of vector mosquitoes. tight control programs often necessitate regular repeat application of treatments, and this is resource intensive. we sought to investigate the efficacy and longevity of triflurumon starycide® insect growth regulator under field conditions in tropical australia against aedes. we compared two doses (0.48 and 0.96 ppm), ...	2014	23653423
the diel copulation periodicity of the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) at indoor and outdoor sites in trinidad, west indies.	the diel copulation periodicity of domestic aedes aegypti in the field in trinidad, west indies was monitored weekly at indoor and outdoor sites over a 16 month period. at indoor sites two significant (p<0.02) peaks in copulation occurred between 06.00 and 08.00 (25% of copulation events) and between 16.00 and 18.00 (24%): at outdoor sites the copulation periodicity was similar to that observed indoors with an early morning peak in copulation at 06.00-08.00 (30%) and a late evening peak at 16.00 ...	2014	23850504
will people change their vector-control practices in the presence of an imperfect dengue vaccine?	human behaviours, which are influenced by social, cultural, economic and political factors, can increase or decrease the risk of dengue infection, depending on the relationship with the insect vector. because no vaccine is currently available, the spread of dengue can only be curtailed by controlling vector populations (aedes aegypti and others) and by protecting individuals. this study tested the hypothesis that dengue-affected populations are likely to relax their vector-control habits if a po ...	2014	23735007
characterization of the distal-less gene homologue, nldll, in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål).	the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), is a globally devastating insect pest of rice, particularly in eastern asia. distal-less or dll is a highly conserved and well studied transcription factor required for limb formation in invertebrates and vertebrates. we have identified a homologue of this gene, nldll, and demonstrated that it is expressed in all life stages of n. lugens, particularly in adult brachypterous females. when we compared between specific adult tissues it was expressed ...	2014	24321689
properties for sourcing nigerian larvicidal plants.	aedes aegypti is the primary vector of chikungunya, yellow and dengue fevers. dengue fever is the major cause of child morbidity and hospitalisation in some asian and african countries, while yellow fever is prevalent in nigeria. the development of resistance to the available insecticides has necessitated the continued search for safer ones from plants. eighteen plant extracts with ethnomedical claims of or demonstrated febrifuge, antimalarial, insecticidal and insect repellent biological activi ...	2014	24950440
ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal properties of asparagus racemosus (willd.) (family: asparagaceae) root extracts against filariasis (culex quinquefasciatus), dengue (aedes aegypti) and malaria (anopheles stephensi) vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present investigation was undertaken to study the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and met ...	2014	24488078
effect of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles from filtrate of trichoderma harzianum against larvae and pupa of dengue vector aedes aegypti l.	mosquitoes transmit dreadful diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. therefore, screening for larvicidal and pupicidal activity of microbial extracts attributes could lead to development of new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and safe for nontarget organisms and are ecofriendly. synthetic chemical insecticides occupy predominant position in control strategies. these hazardous chemicals exert unwarranted toxicity and lethal effects on nontarget organisms, develo ...	2014	24352539
using wolbachia-based release for suppression of aedes mosquitoes: insights from genetic data and population simulations.	a novel strategy for suppressing disease transmission by aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, uses releases of mosquitoes infected with the bacterium wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia are currently released to interfere with viral transmission, but there is also potential to use strains in mosquito suppression and elimination programs via the deleterious effects of the bacterium on the host. mosquito suppression depends on target areas being relatively isolated to prevent reinvasion and on loc ...	2014	25154109
cloning and characterization of microbial activated aedes aegypti mek4 (aamek4): influences of noncatalytic domains on enzymatic activity.	protein kinases are known to be involved in a number of signal transduction cascades. both the stress-activated jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) p38 pathways have been shown to correlate with the insect immune response to microbial infection. map kinase kinase 4 (mek4) is an upstream kinase of jnk and p38 kinase. the cdna of aamek4 was cloned and characterized. aamek4 was activated by microbial lysates of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and yeast. the ...	2014	25039995
hatching response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) eggs at low temperatures: effects of hatching media and storage conditions.	in temperate regions, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) populations remain in the egg stage during the cold season. to ensure the start of a new breeding season, eggs should hatch at the beginning of a favorable period. the aim of the current study was to investigate the hatching response of two ae. aegypti egg batches collected and stored for 3 mo under different conditions, to different low immersion temperatures. two different hatching media (water and yeast solution) were used for the ...	2014	24605458
clone 13-infected aedes aegypti salivary components inhibit rift valley fever virus pathogenicity.	rift valley fever virus (rvfv) continues to cause large outbreaks among humans and domestic animals in africa. rvfv clone 13, a naturally attenuated clone, is a promising vaccine which was used during the 2009-2010 outbreak in south africa and played a key role in the control of the disease. in this work, we infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes with rvfv clone 13 and prepared salivary gland extracts (sge). c57bl/6-nrj male mice were infected with a mixture of sge infected by clone 13 and the zh548 ...	2014	24530502
optimization and synthesis of silver nanoparticles using isaria fumosorosea against human vector mosquitoes.	the efficacy of silver generated larvicide with the help of entomopathogenic fungi, isaria fumosorosea (ifr) against major vector mosquitoes culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. the ifr-silver nanoparticles (agnps) were characterized structurally and functionally using uv-visible spectrophotometer followed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectra. the optimum ph (alkaline), temperature (30 °c) and agitati ...	2014	25085201
non conserved residues between cqm1 and aam1 mosquito α-glucosidases are critical for the capacity of cqm1 to bind the binary toxin from lysinibacillus sphaericus.	the binary (bin) toxin from the entomopathogenic bacterium lysinibacillus sphaericus acts on larvae of the culicid culex quinquefasciatus through its binding to cqm1, a midgut-bound α-glucosidase. specific binding by the binb subunit to the cqm1 receptor is essential for toxicity however the toxin is unable to bind to the cqm1 ortholog from the refractory species aedes aegypti (aam1). here, to investigate the molecular basis for the interaction between cqm1 and binb, recombinant cqm1 and aam1 we ...	2014	24746772
transovarial passage and transmission of lsdv by amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus decoloratus.	lumpy skin disease (lsd), an acute, sub-acute or inapparent disease of cattle, is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv), a member of the genus capripoxvirus in the family poxviridae. lsd is characterised by high fever, formation of circumscribed skin lesions and ulcerative lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, respiratory and digestive tracts. it is an economically important disease due to the permanent damage to hides, the reduction in productivity and trade restrictions imposed on ...	2014	23975564
evidence of lumpy skin disease virus over-wintering by transstadial persistence in amblyomma hebraeum and transovarial persistence in rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks.	lumpy skin disease is a debilitating cattle disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv), belonging to the genus capripoxvirus. epidemics of the disease usually occur in summer, when insect activity is high. limited information is available on how lsdv persists during inter-epidemic periods. transmission of lsdv by mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti has been shown to be mechanical, there is no carrier state in cattle and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of the disease seems to be ...	2014	23975563
susceptibility status of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) to temephos in venezuela.	temephos is an insecticide widely used in venezuela to control the proliferation of the larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), the principal vector of dengue virus. the aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility to temephos of ae. aegypti in four locations in western venezuela: lara, tres esquinas, ureña and pampanito. larval bioassays were conducted on samples collected in 2008 and 2010, and the levels of α- and β-esterases, mixed-function oxidases, glutathione-s-transferase and insensitive ac ...	2014	24282132
vector population manipulation for control of arboviruses--a novel prospect for india.	india, the seventh largest country in the world, has diverse geographical and climatic regions with vast rural and peri-urban areas. many are experiencing an escalation in the spread and intensity of numerous human diseases transmitted by insects. classically, the management of these vector-borne diseases is underpinned by either chemical insecticides and/or environmental management targeted at the vector. however, these methods or their present implementation do not offer acceptable levels of c ...	2014	24254373
novel dna extraction assay for molecular identification of aedes spp eggs.	aedes aegypti and a. albopictus represent the two most important species of mosquitoes in relation to dengue virus transmission both in the americas and asia. however, the study of theses species generally requires the establishment of a colony for the larvae to hatch, or waiting for the adult development to perform its taxonomic classification, which is time consuming. thus, the establishment of new methods aimed at obtaining dna directly from the mosquito eggs is relevant. accordingly, we comp ...	2014	25366769
insecticidal and genotoxic potential of two semi-synthetic derivatives of dillapiole for the control of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	the effects of two semi-synthetic dillapiole derivatives, ethyl-ether dillapiole and n-butyl ether dillapiole, on eggs and larvae of aedes aegypti were studied in view of the need for expansion and renovation of strategic action to control this mosquito - the vector of dengue virus -, which currently shows a high resistance to chemical insecticides. eggs and third-instar larvae of a. aegypti that had been exposed to different concentrations of these two compounds showed toxicity and susceptibili ...	2014	25308546
dengue vectors, human activity, and dengue virus transmission potential in the lower rio grande valley, texas, united states.	dengue virus is an emerging disease of concern in the americas. recent outbreaks in florida highlight the potential for the virus to return to the united states. the lower rio grande valley region of texas directly borders mexico, and has experienced dengue transmission in the past concurrent with outbreaks in mexico along the border region. we examined the potential for dengue virus transmission by examining the vectors in the region, as well as assessing human behavior. we further hypothesized ...	2014	25276932
angola's 2013 dengue outbreak: clinical, laboratory and molecular analyses of cases from four portuguese institutions.	dengue virus (denv) is the arbovirus with the widest impact on human health. in africa in general, and in angola in particular, the epidemiology and public health impact of denv is far from clear. however, rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, increased international travel, and the presence of virus major vector (aedes aegypti) in the country suggest that denv transmission may occur.	2014	25212088
regulation of arginine methyltransferase 3 by a wolbachia-induced microrna in aedes aegypti and its effect on wolbachia and dengue virus replication.	the gram-negative endosymbiotic bacteria, wolbachia, have been found to colonize a wide range of invertebrates, including over 40% of insect species. best known for host reproductive manipulations, some strains of wolbachia have been shown to reduce the host life span by about 50% and inhibit replication and transmission of dengue virus (denv) in the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still are not well understood. our previous studies showed that w ...	2014	25158106
natural vertical transmission of dengue-1 virus in aedes aegypti populations in acapulco, mexico.	we carried out dengue virus surveillance in aedes aegypti populations from 47 neighborhoods of acapulco during the rainy season of 2011 following a standard national protocol and as an improvement of the entomological surveillance of the mexican dengue control program. a total of 4,146 ae. aegypti adults collected indoors and/or emerged from eggs, larvae, or pupae from households with dengue reports (probable or confirmed cases), were grouped into pools and processed using a standardized serotyp ...	2014	25102601
differential replication of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in coinfections of c6/36 cells and aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	different dengue virus (denv) serotypes have been associated with greater epidemic potential. in turn, the increased frequency in cases of severe forms of dengue has been associated with the cocirculation of several serotypes. because colombia is a country with an endemic presence of all four denv serotypes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro replication of the denv-2 and denv-3 strains under individual infection and coinfection conditions.	2014	25022298
risk assessment of flavivirus transmission in namibia.	the role of arboviruses causing acute febrile illness in sub-saharan africa is receiving more attention. reports of dengue in tourists were published nearly 10 years ago in namibia, but the current epidemiology of arboviruses is unknown and surveys of mosquito vectors have not been carried out since the 1950s. to begin addressing this knowledge gap, a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted using samples from volunteer blood donors linked to questionnaire. serum samples were tested using ...	2014	24865792
wolbachia infection does not alter attraction of the mosquito aedes (stegomyia) aegypti to human odours.	the insect endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) is undergoing field trials around the world to determine if it can reduce transmission of dengue virus from the mosquito stegomyia aegypti to humans. two different wolbachia strains have been released to date. the primary effect of the wmel strain is pathogen protection whereby infection with the symbiont limits replication of dengue virus inside the mosquito. a second strain, wmelpop, induces pathogen protection, reduce ...	2014	24797695
[status of insecticide susceptibility of public health use in natural populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) of casanare, colombia].	physiological resistance of aedes aegypti is a major threat to effective control programs in the transmission of dengue virus.	2014	24652181
human igg antibody response to aedes aegypti nterm-34 kda salivary peptide as an indicator to identify areas at high risk for dengue transmission: a retrospective study in urban settings of vientiane city, lao pdr.	using human igg antibody response to the aedes nterm-34 kda salivary peptide as an indicator of human exposure to aedes bites in surveying exposed populations from areas at risk of dengue virus (denv) transmission in urban settings of vientiane city, lao pdr.	2014	24641205
immuno-chromatographic wicking assay for the rapid detection of dengue viral antigens in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	there is a threat for dengue virus (denv) reemergence in many regions of the world, particularly in areas where the denv vectors, aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), are readily available. however, there are currently no accurate and reliable diagnostic methods to provide critical, real-time information for early detection of denv within the vector populations to implement appropriate vector control and personal protective measures. in this article, we report the ability of an immun ...	2014	24605472
field validation of the gravid aedes trap (gat) for collection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	current surveillance methods for adult aedes aegypti (l.) are expensive, require electrical power (e.g., the bg-sentinel trap, bgs), are labor intensive (aspirators), or require difficult to use and costly adhesives (sticky ovitraps). field trials were conducted in cairns (australia) to compare the efficacy of the newly designed gravid aedes trap (gat) against existing sticky ovitraps (mosquitrap and double sticky ovitrap) and the bgs. latin square design trials confirmed that alarge gat using a ...	2014	24605471
imported cases of dengue in poland and their diagnosis.	infections with dengue virus are transmitted by mosquitoes. in tropical areas, it is mainly spread by aedes aegypti while in countries with lower temperatures by aedes albopictus. since 2010, autochthonous cases of dengue are also reported in europe. there are 4 serotypes of dengue virus (denv). no correlation between clinical presentation of disease and virus type, however, were determined. nevertheless, reinfection with different type of denv may lead to a serious, life-threatening condition. ...	2014	25848785
aedes aegypti saliva contains a prominent 34-kda protein that strongly enhances dengue virus replication in human keratinocytes.		2014	23752041