Publications

development of functional markers specific for seven pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool.	in the ideal case, molecular markers used for marker-assisted selection are allele-specific even if the alleles differ only by a few nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding sequence of target genes. such 'perfect' markers are completely correlated with the trait of interest. in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) the pm3 locus encodes seven alleles (pm3a-pm3g) conferring resistance to different races of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, the agent of powdery mildew, a major disease of bread ...	2006	17063340
[animal nutrition for veterinarians--case study: colic in ponies in a "petting zoo" caused by ingestion of higher amounts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	nutritional disorders in domestic or pet animals depend not seldom on special situations, for example when different influences coincide concerning keeping, housing and offering of feed or water. these lead suddenly to high-risk situations, that can cause sometimes the death of the animal. the following case report deals with two ponies, that were kept on a so-called "petting zoo" and showed repeatedly colic symptoms (always after a weekend). during surgery in the stomach light yellow balls were ...	2006	17078533
cloning and characterization of six highly similar endo-1,3-beta-glucanase genes in hexaploid wheat.	pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins are often used as a marker of plant defense reactions. some endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (gns) genes encode proteins that belong to the pr protein family 2 (pr-2). although the number of homologous family member genes is significantly greater in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) compared to other model plants, earlier studies did not evaluate the possible contribution of their homologs to hybridization signals in northern blot analysis. in this study, we have e ...	2006	17110121
the sbm1 locus conferring resistance to soil-borne cereal mosaic virus maps to a gene-rich region on 5dl in wheat.	a mosaic disease caused by soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (sbcmv) is becoming increasingly important, particularly in winter wheat in europe. as there are currently no effective cultural practices or practical environmentally friendly chemicals for disease control, host plant resistance is an important objective in breeding programs. however, development of resistant cultivars is slow owing to difficulties in germplasm screening for resistance. therefore, there is a need to identify molecular ma ...	2006	17110994
root phospholipids in azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings exposed to water stress.	azospirillum-plant association is accompanied by biochemical changes in roots which, in turn, promote plant-growth and tolerance to water stress. to shed light on the possible factors underlying these effects, roots from azospirillum brasilense sp245-inoculated triticum aestivum seedlings growing in darkness under osmotic stress were analyzed for phospholipid (pl) composition, fatty acid (fa) distribution profiles and degree of unsaturation of the major pl classes. azospirillum inoculation dimin ...	2006	17123824
[dynamics of genetic diversity in winter common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars released in russia from 1929 to 2005].	genealogical analysis was used to study the dynamics of genetic diversity in russian cultivars of winter common wheat from 1929 to 2005. the shannon diversity index of the total set of released cultivars remained almost unchanged, although the number of original ancestors (landraces and genetic lines) increased almost tenfold in the period under study. this was explained in terms of the dependence of the modified shannon diversity index on two parameters, the number of original ancestors and the ...	2006	17152706
functional properties of a new low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from a bread wheat cultivar.	some allelic forms of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) can greatly influence the end-use of wheat flours, understanding the function of each allele of lmw-gs is important to wheat quality breeding. a lmw-gs gene xyglud3-lmwgs 1(ay263369) has been cloned from bread wheat cultivar xiaoyan 6. the deduced protein contained nine cystine residues, one more than that in all other lmw-gss reported previously, indicating that it is either a new gene or a new allele of a known lmw-gs gene. i ...	2006	16932880
systematic identification of factors involved in post-transcriptional processes in wheat grain.	post-transcriptional processing of primary transcripts can significantly affect both the quantity and the structure of mature mrnas and the corresponding protein products. it is an important mechanism of gene regulation in animals, yeast and plants. here we have investigated the interactive networks of pre-mrna processing factors in the developing grain of wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the world's major food staples. as a first step we isolated a homologue of the plant specific atrsz33 splic ...	2006	16941218
nonhost resistance of barley is successfully manifested against magnaporthe grisea and a closely related pennisetum-infecting lineage but is overcome by magnaporthe oryzae.	magnaporthe oryzae is a major pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.) but is also able to infect other grasses, including barley (hordeum vulgare l.). here, we report a study using magnaporthe isolates collected from other host plant species to evaluate their capacity to infect barley. a nonhost type of resistance was detected in barley against isolates derived from genera pennisetum (fontaingrass) or digitaria (crabgrass), but no resistance occurred in response to isolates from rice, genus eleusine ...	2006	16941905
determination of alkaline phosphatase based on affinity adsorption solid-substrate room temperature phosphorimetry using rhodamine 6g-dibromoluciferin luminescent nanoparticle to label lectin and prediction of diseases.	in the presence of heavy atom perturber liac, the silicon dioxide nanoparticle containing rhodamine 6g (r) and dibromoluciferin (d) (r-d-sio(2)) can emit strong and stable solid-substrate room temperature phosphorescence signal of r (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)=481/648 nm) and d (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)=457/622 nm) on the surface of acetyl cellulose membrane (acm). r-d-sio(2) is used to label triticum vulgare lectin (wga). then two types of affinity adsorption reactions, r-d-sio(2)-wga- alkaline phospha ...	2006	16942743
[cloning and identification of the resistance gene analogs of wheat].	specific primer sequences were designed on the basis of converse motifs of cloned resistance genes and subsequently used as pcr primers to amplify the resistance gene analog (rga) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) xinong 88 which possesses rust disease resistance. the amplified products of wrga1, wrga2 and wrga14 were cloned and sequenced. the wheat rgas contain some conserved motifs such as kinase-2a, kinase-3a and hd presenting in known nbs-lrr resistance genes from other plants and share betwee ...	2006	16944578
wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	this chapter describes a procedure for agrobacterium-mediated wheat transformation. freshly isolated immature embryos, precultured immature embryos, or embryogenic calli are inoculated with a disarmed a. tumefaciens strain c58 (abi) harboring the binary vector pmon18365 containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene with an intron, and a selectable marker, neomycinphosphotranferase (npt) ii gene. the inoculated explants are selected on callus induction medium with the selective agent g418 for appr ...	2006	16988349
volatile chemical cues guide host location and host selection by parasitic plants.	the importance of plant volatiles in mediating interactions between plant species is much debated. here, we demonstrate that the parasitic plant cuscuta pentagona (dodder) uses volatile cues for host location. cuscuta pentagona seedlings exhibit directed growth toward nearby tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum) and toward extracted tomato-plant volatiles presented in the absence of other cues. impatiens (impatiens wallerana) and wheat plants (triticum aestivum) also elicit directed growth. mo ...	2006	17008532
[genealogical analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in russian and ukrainian cultivars of common wheat triticum aestivum l].	the gris3.5 information analytical system of wheat genetic resources was used to track the possible ways of the transmission of fusarium head blight resistance from ancestors to progenies in extended pedigrees of 149 russian and ukrainian cultivaris of winter common wheat. analysis of variance was performed for the coefficient of parentage computed for the cultivars under study and the putative sources of resistance and revealed that groups of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed in the ...	2006	17025160
the bnalmt1 and bnalmt2 genes from rape encode aluminum-activated malate transporters that enhance the aluminum resistance of plant cells.	the release of organic anions from roots can protect plants from aluminum (al) toxicity and help them overcome phosphorus (p) deficiency. our previous findings showed that al treatment induced malate and citrate efflux from rape (brassica napus) roots, and that p deficiency did not induce the efflux. since this response is similar to the malate efflux from wheat (triticum aestivum) that is controlled by the taalmt1 gene, we investigated whether homologs of taalmt1 are present in rape and whether ...	2006	17028155
alpha-pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots.	determining the mode of action of allelochemicals is one of the challenging aspects in allelopathic studies. recently, allelochemicals have been proposed to cause oxidative stress in target tissue and induce an antioxidant mechanism. alpha-pinene, one of the common monoterpenoids emitted from several aromatic plants including forest trees, is known for its growth-inhibitory activity. however, its mechanism of action remains unexplored. the aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory ...	2006	17028297
low copy number gene transfer and stable expression in a commercial wheat cultivar via particle bombardment.	two groups of linear gene constructs (gus and bar, and 1ax1 and bar) lacking vector backbone sequences were independently transferred into the elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety em12, and genetically stable transgenic plants with low copy number transgene integration were recovered. co-transformation experiments were carried out in parallel using either circular whole plasmid(s) or linear gene cassettes which were purified from the same plasmid by restrictive digestion, each cassette con ...	2006	17032730
characterization of genetic loci conferring adult plant resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in spring wheat.	leaf (brown) and stripe (yellow) rusts, caused by puccinia triticina and puccinia striiformis, respectively, are fungal diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) that cause significant yield losses annually in many wheat-growing regions of the world. the objectives of our study were to characterize genetic loci associated with resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using molecular markers in a population derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar 'avocet s' and the resistant cultivar 'p ...	2006	17036073
development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using agrobacterium tumefaciens.	wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. shiranekomugi) seeds were soaked in water at 22 degrees c for 1 d. thereafter, the embryo of the soaked seeds was inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a region of the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an a. tumefaciens inoculum. the inoculated seeds were incubated at 22 degrees c for 2 d and sterilized by cefotaxime (claforan) (1000 ppm water solution) treatment and then vernalized at 5 degrees c for 25 d. finally, t ...	2006	17046528
identification of differentially regulated proteins in response to a compatible interaction between the pathogen fusarium graminearum and its host, triticum aestivum.	using proteomic analyses, a study was carried out aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of interaction between fusarium graminearum and triticum aestivum. wheat spikelets were inoculated with h2o and conidia spores of f. graminearum. proteins were extracted from spikelets harvested at three time points: 1, 2 and 3 days post inoculation. about 1380 protein spots were displayed on 2-d gels stained with sypro ruby. in total, 41 proteins were detected to be differentially regulated due to f ...	2006	16858732
[molecular marker mapping of the gene resistant to common bunt transferred from aegilops cylindrica into bread wheat].	introgression lines 5/55-91 and 378/2000 of bread wheat contain the gene of resistance to tilletia caries (dc.) tul. transferred from aegilops cylindrica host. using bulked segregant analysis with issr and ssr pcr the lincage of microsatellite locus xgwm 259 with the gene of common bunt resistance has been identified in f2 population of 378/2000 x lutestens 23397. dna mapping made it possible to localize this highly effective gene in the intercalary region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b ...	2006	16865982
rapid differentiation of experimental populations of wheat for heading time in response to local climatic conditions.	dynamic management (dm) of genetic resources aims at maintaining genetic variability between different populations evolving under natural selection in contrasting environments. in 1984, this strategy was applied in a pilot experiment on wheat (triticum aestivum). spatio-temporal evolution of earliness and its components (partial vernalization sensitivity, daylength sensitivity and earliness per se that determines flowering time independently of environmental stimuli) was investigated in this mul ...	2006	16868000
modeling the environmental fate of cadmium in a large wastewater irrigation area.	the fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that proceed from decades to centuries. this study aimed at modeling the fate of cd within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany). the sandy soils (mainly dystric cambisol or typic haplumbrept) at this site (28 km2) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation of municipal wastewater for up to 40 yr. the soils of the wia are in agricultural use. the main crops are sugar beet (b ...	2006	16899742
molecular characterization of a diagnostic dna marker for domesticated tetraploid wheat provides evidence for gene flow from wild tetraploid wheat to hexaploid wheat.	all forms of domesticated tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum, genomes aabb) are nearly monomorphic for restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) haplotype a at the xpsr920 locus on chromosome 4a (xpsr920-a1a), and wild tetraploid wheat is monomorphic for haplotype b. the xpsr920-a1a/b dimorphism provides a molecular marker for domesticated and wild tetraploid wheat, respectively. hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genomes aabbdd) is polymorphic for the 2 haplotypes. bacterial artificial ...	2006	16675504
[responses of spring wheat to elevated co2 and their effects on sitobion avenae aphid growth, development and reproduction].	the study on the responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) potted in open-top chamber to elevated co2 (542.1 +/- 24.8 and 738.8.0 +/- 25.7 microl x l(-1) vs. 382.4 +/- 24.8 microl x l(-1)) and their effects on sitobion avenae aphid growth, development and reproduction showed that elevated co2 was advantageous for spring wheat growth. in treatments 550 and 750 microl co2 x l(-1), the plant height during may 5 approximately june 14 increased by 2.80% approximately 14.92% and 6.30% approximatel ...	2006	16689241
photosynthetic acclimation to elevated co2 in relation to rubisco gene expression in three c3 species.	wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. dl 1266-5), sunflower (helianthus annuus l. var. msfh 17) and mungbean [vigna radiata (l.) wilczek var. p 9072] were grown in field under atmospheric (360 +/- 10 cm3 m(-3), ac) and elevated (650 +/- 50 cm3 m(-3), ec) co2 concentrations in open top chambers for entire period of growth and development. photosynthetic acclimation to elevated co2 was examined by comparing photosynthesis rate (pn), pn/ci curves, leaf contents of rubp carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), c ...	2006	16708896
cloning and characterization of three thioredoxin h isoforms from wheat showing differential expression in seeds.	plants contain several genes encoding thioredoxin h. in cereals, type-h thioredoxins are abundant in developing and germinating grains, but the mechanism regulating the expression of these genes and their specific function is poorly known. the cloning of three full-length cdnas encoding thioredoxin h, stated trxh1, trxh2 and trxh3, from wheat (triticum aestivum cv. soissons) seeds is described here. trxh2 and trxh3 deduced proteins show high identity between them and with other thioredoxins h pr ...	2006	16720611
sesquiterpene lactones as allelochemicals.	six new sesquiterpene lactones, annuolide h (3), helivypolides f, h-j (4, 11-13), and helieudesmanolide a (6), together with known compounds, were isolated from polar bioactive fractions of helianthus annuus cv. sh-222 and stella fresh leaf water extracts. spectroscopic analysis of the new data for 1,2-anhydroniveusin a and 1-methoxy-4,5-dihydroniveusin a corrects some previous assignments. the compounds were tested using the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay, and the most active compounds wer ...	2006	16724843
rapid generation of new powdery mildew resistance genes after wheat domestication.	plant defence against pathogens is controlled by disease resistance (r) gene products that directly or indirectly detect specific pathogen effectors. plant-pathogen interactions have been proposed to follow a co-evolutionary arms-race model where r genes are recent and evolve rapidly in response to structural changes in matching pathogen effectors. however, the longevity and extensive polymorphism of r genes studied were more consistent with balancing selection maintaining ancient and diverse r ...	2006	16740148
molecular and structural characterization of hexameric beta-d-glucosidases in wheat and rye.	the wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) beta-d-glucosidases hydrolyze hydroxamic acid-glucose conjugates, exist as different types of isozyme, and function as oligomers. in this study, three cdnas encoding beta-d-glucosidases (taglu1a, taglu1b, and taglu1c) were isolated from young wheat shoots. although the taglu1s share very high sequence homology, the mrna level of taglu1c was much lower than the other two genes in 48- and 96-h-old wheat shoots. the expression ratio of each gen ...	2006	16751439
[transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with increased resistance to the storage pest obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens--mediated].	the transgenic wheat of improved resistance to the storage pest was production. we have introduced the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (cpti) into cultured embryonic callus cells of immature embryos of wheat elite line by agrobacterium-mediated method. independent plantlets were obtained from the kanamycin-resistant calli after screening. pcr and real time pcr analysis, pcr-southern and southern blot hybridization indicated that there were 3 transgenic plants viz. transformed- i, ii and iii (t- i, ...	2006	16755923
[study on molecular identification and pre-harvest sprouting characteristic of the transgenic anti-trxs-gene wheat line 00t89].	pre-harvest sprouting of wheat is caused by a series of enzymes, in which alpha-amylase plays a key role. thioredoxin (trx) is an important protein capable of reducing s-s to -sh. the authors transferred the anti-trxs gene into wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cultivar wanmai 48 in 2000 in order to obtain a transgenic line with low activities of trx and alpha-amylase in wheat seeds to enhance their resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. in this work, a pair of specific anti-trxs primers were used in ...	2006	16755924
pathway of sugar transport in germinating wheat seeds.	three homeologous genes encoding a sucrose (suc) transporter (sut) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), tasut1a, 1b, and 1d, were expressed in germinating seeds, where their function is unknown. all three tasut1 proteins were confirmed to be capable of transporting both suc and maltose by complementation tests with the susy7/ura3 yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strain. the role of suc transporters in germinating grain was examined by combining in situ hybridization, immunolocalization ...	2006	16766668
sources of variation in the interaction between three cereal aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) and wheat (poaceae).	the relative contributions of host plant, herbivore species and clone to variation in the interaction between cereal aphids and wheat were investigated using five clones each of three species, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus), sitobion avenae (fabricius) and schizaphis graminum (rondani), on seedlings of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. and one cultivar of triticum durum desf. more individuals and biomass of r. padi than of the other two species were produced on seedlings. the three wheat cult ...	2006	16768811
transgenic wheat progeny resistant to powdery mildew generated by agrobacterium inoculum to the basal portion of wheat seedling.	to improve the transformation efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens, we explored the possibility of employing the basal portion of wheat seedling (shoot apical meristem) as the explants. three genotypes of wheat were transformed by a. tumefaciens carrying beta-1, 3-glucanase gene. after vernalization, the seeds to be transformed were germinated. when these seedlings grew up to 2 approximately 5 cm, their coleoptile and half of the cotyledon were cut out ...	2006	16773333
heat-stable phytases in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.): deposition pattern, thermostability, and phytate hydrolysis.	the present paper addresses the question of thermotolerance of in planta synthesized heterologous enzymes using phytase as a model. two individual transgenic wheat materials expressing an aspergillus fumigatus phytase with a low denaturation temperature (62.5 degrees c) but a high refolding capacity, and a rationally designed consensus phytase engineered to a high denaturation temperature (89.3 degrees c), were evaluated. high levels of endosperm specific expression were ensured by the wheat hig ...	2006	16787007
phosphate (pi) and arsenate uptake by two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and their doubled haploid lines.	arsenic accumulation in cereal crops represents an important pathway for human exposure to arsenic from the environment. the objectives of the present work were to find whether the relationship between arsenate and phosphate (pi) uptake rate differs among genotypes and to select genotypes with a low arsenate uptake rate with the aim of improving food safety and human health.	2006	16803848
impact of eurygaster maura (heteroptera: scutelleridae) feeding on quality of bread wheat in relation to attack period.	sunn pest (or cereal bug) (heteroptera: pentatomidae and scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in the grain filling stage have the potential to adversely affect the quality of harvested grain for bread making. in the absence of resistant wheat cultivars, producers must rely on chemical control to protect their crop from sunn pest infestations. to implement an efficient environment friendly control strategy, there is a need to pinpoint the relationships between the timing of ...	2006	16813309
molecular detection of qtls for agronomic and quality traits in a doubled haploid population derived from two canadian wheats (triticum aestivum l.).	development of high-yielding wheat varieties with good end-use quality has always been a major concern for wheat breeders. to genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield-related traits such as grain yield, plant height, maturity, lodging, test weight and thousand-grain weight, and for quality traits such as grain and flour protein content, gluten strength as evaluated by mixograph and sds sedimentation volume, an f1-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 185 individuals was ...	2006	16838135
development of a high-throughput purification method and a continuous assay system for chlorophyllase.	in the degradation of chlorophyll, chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial hydrolysis of the phytol moiety from the pigment. since chlorophyll degradation is a defining feature of plant senescence, compounds inhibiting chlorophyllase activity may delay senescence, thereby improving shelf life and appearance of plant products. here we describe the development of a 96-well plate-based purification and assay system for measuring chlorophyllase activity. integrated lysis and immobilized metal affinity ...	2006	16643837
[genetic control of effective juvenile resistance to leaf rust in collection accessions of triticum aestivum l].	of 153 accessions reported to be resistant to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm.), only 70 were not affected by a pooled p. recondita population. according to phytopathological tests (inoculation with test clones), 14 accessions contained the lr19 gene; 36, the lr24 gene; 1, the lr41 gene; and 19 presumably had the lr9 gene. the presence of these resistance genes was confirmed by hybrid analysis for 26 accessions. of 28 accessions reported to carry new effective resistance genes other ...	2006	16649664
high-speed counter-current chromatography for the study of defense metabolites in wheat. characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid.	high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) methods were developed for the study of induced defense metabolites in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). a single hsccc purification step afforded extraction of mg-quantities of an induced compound with antifungal activity. subsequent lc-ms and nmr analyses have led to the characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid, the first such report of this compound in a plant species. the inducibl ...	2006	16650851
molecular characterization and chromosome-specific trap-marker development for langdon durum d-genome disomic substitution lines.	the aneuploid stocks of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husnot) and common wheat (t. aestivum l.) have been developed mainly in 'langdon' (ldn) and 'chinese spring' (cs) cultivars, respectively. the ldn-cs d-genome chromosome disomic substitution (ldn-ds) lines, where a pair of cs d-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous a- or b-genome chromosome pair of ldn, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. ...	2006	17426769
mapping of fhb resistance qtls in tetraploid wheat.	triticum turgidum l var. durum is known to be particularly susceptible to infection by fusarium graminearum, the causal agent for fusarium head blight (fhb), which results in severe yield losses and grain contaminated with mycotoxins. this research was aimed at identifying fhb resistance in tetraploid wheat and mapping the location of fhb resistance genes. a tetraploid cross of durum wheat ('strongfield') x triticum carthlicum ('blackbird') was used to generate a doubled-haploid (dh) population. ...	2006	17426773
the effects of walnut and pine leaves on bread wheat growth and frequence of common weed species in the east-mediterranean region.	a field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of walnut (juglans regia l.) and pine (pinus sp.) leaves on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth and weed control, during 2001-02 and 2002-03 growing seasons in east mediterranean region of turkey. in this research, the treatments were: applications of ground walnut leaves (gwl) and ground pine leaves (gpl) at 19 g/m2 dose at zadoks-11, applications of 200, 400 and 800 cc/m2 of walnut leaves extract (wle2, wle4 and wle8 respectivel ...	2006	17402244
increased field resistance to tilletia caries provided by a specific antifungal virus gene in genetically engineered wheat.	the field performance of a viral gene in two swiss wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties showed 10% increased fungal resistance against tilletia caries (stinking smut). to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of improved resistance against any fungus in the field achieved by genetic engineering in wheat. the genetically modified wheat lines previously showed a c. 30% decrease in symptoms of t. caries in the glasshouse (clausen, m., kräuter, r., schachermayr, g., potrykus, i. and sau ...	2006	17177786
identification of prevalent potyvirus on maize and johnsongrass in corn fields of tehran province of iran and a study on some of its properties.	during a growing season in 2004, 231 leaf samples of virus infected and mosaic and dwarf mosaic symptoms showing maize (zea mays l.) plants and 258 leaf samples of mosaic showing johnsongrass (sorghum halepens l.) plants from various corn fields in tehran province were collected. serological tests of das-elisa and diba were performed on samples using antisera of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and johnsongrasss mosaic virus (jgmv). in b ...	2006	17390895
leaf rust (puccinia triticina) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars grown in northern europe 1992-2002.	diversity of resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina can be enhanced in wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars through a better knowledge of resistance genes that are present in important cultivars and germplasm. multi-pathotype tests on 84 wheat cultivars grown in denmark, finland, norway and sweden during 1992-2002 and 39 differential testers enabled the postulation of nine known genes for seedling resistance to leaf rust. genes lr1, lr2a, lr3, lr10, lr13, lr14a, lr17, lr23 and lr26 ...	2006	17362328
microarray expression analysis of meiosis and microsporogenesis in hexaploid bread wheat.	our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the cellular process of meiosis is limited in higher plants with polyploid genomes. bread wheat is an allohexaploid that behaves as a diploid during meiosis. chromosome pairing is restricted to homologous chromosomes despite the presence of homoeologues in the nucleus. the importance of wheat as a crop and the extensive use of wild wheat relatives in breeding programs has prompted many years of cytogenetic and genetic research to develop an underst ...	2006	17052357
influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil.	a pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of phosphate levels on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (cd), lead (pb) in soil. spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was selected as the tested plant. there were 5 phosphate fertilizer(ca(h2po4)2) levels including 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg p2o5/kg soil, marked by po, p1, p2, p3, and p4, respectively. cdcl2 x 2.5h2o and pb(no3)2 were added to soil as the following levels: cd + pb = 25+0, 0+1000, and 25+1000 mg/k ...	2006	17294973
a model wheat cultivar for transformation to improve resistance to fusarium head blight.	fusarium head blight (fhb), caused primarily by fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem in wheat (triticum aestivum). genetic engineering holds significant potential to enhance fhb resistance in wheat. due to the requirement of screening for fhb resistance on flowers at anthesis, the number of screens carried out in a year is limited. our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using the rapid-maturing dwarf wheat cultivar apogee as an alternative genotype for transgenic fhb resist ...	2006	16252090
characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and their protein products in common wheats.	to characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs), we developed specific pcr primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of lmw-gs genes of norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of chinese spring. three, two, and ten groups were assigned to glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 loci, respectively. to identify the proteins containing the corresponding amino acid sequences, we determined the n-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 spots of lmw-gss of norin 61 separated by ...	2006	16283233
fine genetic mapping fails to dissociate durable stem rust resistance gene sr2 from pseudo-black chaff in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the broad-spectrum stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided protection in wheat against puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici for over 80 years. the sr2 gene and an associated dark pigmentation trait, pseudo-black chaff (pbc), have previously been localized to the short arm of chromosome 3b. in a first step towards the positional-based cloning of sr2, we constructed a high-resolution map of this region. the wheat est (west) deletion bin mapping project provided tightly linked cdna markers. th ...	2006	16311724
characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in hong kong.	this is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. this site in hong kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. other pollutants exceeding the dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals cu, pb and zn. these pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg n kg(-1) and <530 mg p kg(-1) typical of coasta ...	2006	16360247
overexpression of ran1 in rice and arabidopsis alters primordial meristem, mitotic progress, and sensitivity to auxin.	ran is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic gtpase. we previously identified a cdna of taran1, a novel ran gtpase homologous gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) and demonstrated that taran1 is associated with regulation of genome integrity and cell division in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) systems. however, much less is known about the function of ran in plant development. to analyze the possible biological roles of ran gtpase, we overexpressed taran1 in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis th ...	2006	16361516
adult plant and seedling resistance to powdery mildew in a triticum aestivum x triticum militinae hybrid line.	in the progeny of a cross between the common wheat cultivar tähti and triticum militinae, a member of the timopheevii group of tetraploid wheats, several hybrid lines were selected that are characterized by improved seedling and adult plant resistance (apr) to powdery mildew. an f2 single-seed descendant mapping population segregating for seedling resistance and apr to powdery mildew was analysed for the identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl). the main qtl responsible for apr was detect ...	2006	16362813
nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the north china plain.	the annual nitrogen (n) budget and groundwater nitrate-n concentrations were studied in the field in three major intensive cropping systems in shandong province, north china. in the greenhouse vegetable systems the annual n inputs from fertilizers, manures and irrigation water were 1358, 1881 and 402 kg n ha(-1) on average, representing 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times the corresponding values in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-maize (zea mays l.) rotations and 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times the values in apple ...	2006	16364521
targeted mapping of ests linked to the adult plant resistance gene lr46 in wheat using synteny with rice.	the gene lr46 has provided slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina in wheat (triticum aestivum), which has remained durable for almost 30 years. using linked markers and wheat deletion stocks, we located lr46 in the deletion bin 1bl (0.84-0.89) comprising 5% of the 1bl arm. the distal part of chromosome 1bl of wheat is syntenic to chromosome 5l of rice. wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) mapping in the terminal 15% of chromosome 1bl with significant homology to sequen ...	2006	16374594
multiple genetic pathways for seed shattering in the grasses.	shattering is an essential seed dispersal mechanism in wild species. it is believed that independent mutations at orthologous loci led to convergent domestication of cereal crops. to investigate genetic relationships of triticeae shattering genes with those of other grasses, we mapped spike-, barrel- (b-type), and wedge-type (w-type) spikelet disarticulation genes in wheat and its wild relatives. the br1 gene for w-type disarticulation was mapped to a region delimited by xpsr598 and xpsr1196 on ...	2006	16404644
aerobic decolorization and detoxification of a disperse dye in textile effluent by a new isolate of bacillus sp.	a number of aerobic species capable of decolorizing some of the dyes in a textile mill effluent were isolated. one of the isolates was able to decolorize terasil black dye under aerobic conditions in the presence of an exogenous carbon source after 5 days. glucose or starch (%1 ea) are essential for decolorization but the process proceeds faster in the presence of 0.5% yeast extract. results of the bod(5) show that the untreated effluent samples have a low bod value, whereas treated samples show ...	2006	16411245
flavonoid 3'-o-methyltransferase from rice: cdna cloning, characterization and functional expression.	plant o-methyltransferases (omts) are known to be involved in methylation of plant secondary metabolites, especially phenylpropanoid and flavonoid compounds. an omt, romt-9, was cloned and characterized from rice using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the blast results for romt-9 showed a 73% identity with caffeic acid omts from maize and triticum aestivum. romt-9 was expressed in escherichia coli and its recombinant protein was purified using affinity chromatography. ...	2006	16412485
identification and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene yr34 in common wheat.	an uncharacterized source of seedling resistance to puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici was identified in an advanced wheat breeding line wawht2046. genetic analysis based on a wawht2046/carnamah-derived double haploid (dh) population demonstrated monogenic inheritance of seedling stripe rust resistance in wawht2046. the gene controlling stripe rust resistance in line wawht2046 was tentatively designated yrwa. the chromosome 5al located awn inhibitor gene b1, possessed by wawht2046, also showed m ...	2006	16435125
cytotoxic thio-malate is transported by both an aluminum-responsive malate efflux pathway in wheat and the mae1 malate permease in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	aluminum (al) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is mainly achieved by malate efflux, which is regulated by the expression of the recently identified gene, presumably encoding an al-activated malate efflux transporter (almt1). however, the transport mechanism is not fully understood, partly as a result of the rapid turnover of its substrate. we developed a tool to study malate transport in wheat by screening biological compounds using the well-characterized schizosaccharomyces pombe malat ...	2006	16450171
molecular tagging of stripe rust resistance gene yrzh84 in chinese wheat line zhou 8425b.	stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). with the objective of identifying and tagging new genes for resistance to stripe rust, f1, f2 and f3 populations from the cross zhou 8425b/chinese spring were inoculated with chinese pst isolate cyr32 in the greenhouse. a total of 790 ssr primers were used to test the parents and resistant and susceptible bulks. the resulting seven polymorphic markers on ...	2006	16450183
cessation of tillering in spring wheat in relation to light interception and red : far-red ratio.	the production of axillary shoots (tillering) in spring wheat (triticum aestivum) depends on intraspecific competition. the mechanisms that underlie this competition are complex, but light within the wheat canopy plays a key role. the main objectives of this paper are to analyse the effects of plant population density and shade on tillering dynamics of spring wheat, to assess the canopy conditions quantitatively at the time of tillering cessation, and to analyse the relationship between the till ...	2006	16464875
cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the receptor-like kinase gene (rlk) in common wheat.	to investigate whether homologs of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lrk10 gene was expressed in powdery mildew-resistant lines after inoculation with blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, one degenerate primer for 5'-race was designed according to the 6th kinase subdomain of lrk10 and other plant kinases. 5'-race was performed with the template cdna synthesized with rna extracted from seedling leaves of a powdery mildew-resistant wheat line "99-2439" after inoculation with b. graminis. one 1551 bp cdna ...	2006	16477135
chemical ecology in wheat plant-pest interactions. how the use of modern techniques and a multidisciplinary approach can throw new light on a well-known phenomenon: allelopathy.	a new holistic approach on research into allelopathy was launched in the fateallchem project. the project was financed by the european commission in the 5th framework programme and involved agronomists, biologists, analytical chemists, organic chemists, environmental chemists, ecotoxicologists, and modelers. benzoxazinones from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were the main group of compounds studied in the project. the project showed that future assessments of an extensive use of allelopathic crops ...	2006	16478207
increased puroindoline levels slow ruminal digestion of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starch by cattle.	starch is the primary nutrient in ruminant diets used to promote high levels of performance. the site of starch digestion alters the nature of digestive end products (vfa in the rumen vs. glucose in the small intestine) and the efficiency of use. cereal grain endosperm texture plays a major role in the rate and extent of starch degradation in ruminants. wheat grain texture is regulated by the starch surface protein complex friabilin that consists primarily of puroindoline (pin) a and b. soft ker ...	2006	16478956
an approach for isolating high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes using monoclonal antibodies.	high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) play an important role in the breadmaking quality of wheat flour. in china, cultivars such as triticum aestivum 'xiaoyan no. 6' carrying the 1bx14 and 1by15 glutenin subunits usually have attributes that result in high-quality bread and noodles. hmw-gs 1bx14 and 1by15 were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and used as an antigen to immunize balb/c mice. a resulting monoclonal antibody be ...	2006	16498468
optimizing organic fertilizer applications under steady-state conditions.	because organic n fertilizers must be mineralized before they become plant-available, application designs should consider time and temperature effects on n release as well as crop n requirements. this study presents deterministic (dopt) and stochastic (sopt) linear optimization models to determine sustainable land application schedules. the easily solved models minimize the amount of n that is applied while assuring than crop n demands are met as they develop. temperature effects on n mineraliza ...	2006	16510711
mapping of residues involved in the interaction between the bacillus subtilis xylanase a and proteinaceous wheat xylanase inhibitors.	the bacillus subtilis xylanase a was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, aimed at changing the interaction with triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor, the only wheat endogenous proteinaceous xylanase inhibitor interacting with this xylanase. the published structure of bacillus circulans xyna was used to target amino acids surrounding the active site cleft of b.subtilis xyna for mutation. twenty-two residues were mutated, resulting in 62 different variants. the catalytic activity of active mut ...	2006	16517552
fine mapping fhb1, a major gene controlling fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a major fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance gene fhb1 (syn. qfhs.ndsu-3bs) was fine mapped on the distal segment of chromosome 3bs of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as a mendelian factor. fhb resistant parents, sumai 3 and nyubai, were used as sources of this gene. two mapping populations were developed to facilitate segregation of qfhs.ndsu-3bs in either a fixed resistant (sumai 35/thatcher) (s/t) or fixed susceptible (hc374/398b69-l47) (hc/98) genetic background (hc374 = wuhan1/nyubai ...	2006	16518614
molecular mapping of hybrid necrosis genes ne1 and ne2 in hexaploid wheat using microsatellite markers.	hybrid necrosis is the gradual premature death of leaves or plants in certain f1 hybrids of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and it is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes ne1 and ne2 located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. to date, molecular markers linked to these genes have not been identified and linkage relationships of the two genes with other important genes in wheat have not been established. we observed that the f1 hybrids from the crosses between the ...	2006	16518615
effects of salicylic acid and cold treatments on protein levels and on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the apoplast of winter wheat leaves.	the effects of salicylic acid (sa) and cold on apoplastic protein levels and activities of apoplastic catalase (cat), peroxidase (pox) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) were investigated in winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. dogu-88) leaves. the plants were grown with and without 10 microm sa treatment at both control (20/18 degrees c for 30 and 45-day) and cold (10/5 degrees c for 30-day and 5/3 degrees c for 45-day) acclimatisations. molecular masses of the apoplastic polypeptides were shown rangi ...	2006	16519911
evaluation of the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) as a function of growth under different conditions.	the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass, which is consumed as a dietary supplement, was estimated at different levels. the methods employed include frap (ferric reducing antioxidant power), abts (2,2'-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and dpph (1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays. aqueous and ethanol extracts of wheatgrass grown under different conditions over a period of 6, 7, 8, 10 and 15 days were used. lipid peroxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) were determ ...	2006	16521113
wheat and maize thioredoxins: a novel cross-reactive cereal allergen family related to baker's asthma.	baker's asthma is a serious problem for a significant proportion of workers in bakeries, confectionaries, and the food industry. although several wheat allergens related to baker's asthma have been described, standardized reagents for a reliable diagnosis are not yet available.	2006	16522470
molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene yrch42 in chinese wheat cultivar chuanmai 42 and its allelism with yr24 and yr26.	stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. the objectives of this study were to map a stripe rust resistance gene in chinese wheat cultivar chuanmai 42 using molecular markers and to investigate its allelism with yr24 and yr26. a total of 787 f2 plants and 186 f3 lines derived from a cross between resistant cultivar chuanmai 42 and susceptible line taichung 29 were used for resistance ...	2006	16525837
both wheat (triticum aestivum) bran arabinoxylans and gut flora-mediated fermentation products protect human colon cells from genotoxic activities of 4-hydroxynonenal and hydrogen peroxide.	dietary fibers are fermented by the gut flora to yield short chain fatty acids (scfas), which inhibit the growth of tumor cells, induce glutathione s-transferases (gsts), and protect cells from the genotoxic activity of 4-hydroxynonenal (hne). here, we investigated effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylans and fermentation products on these parameters of chemoprevention. newly isolated water extractable (weax) and alkali extractable arabinoxylans (aeax) were fermented under anaerobic condition ...	2006	16536580
solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by a wild-type strain of bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat.	two potassium (k)-bearing minerals, nanjing feldspar and suzhou illite, were used to investigate k mobilization by the wild-type strain nbt of bacillus edaphicus, also labeled mps+, selected for high activity in mobilizing potassium from minerals, and by four of its uv + licl mutants, mps++, mps+1, mps+2, and mps-. in liquid cultures, the five bacterial strains showed better growth on suzhou illite than on nanjing feldspar. suzhou illite was the better potassium source for the growth of the wild ...	2006	16541160
molecular cytogenetic characterization of four partial wheat-thinopyrum ponticum amphiploids and their reactions to fusarium head blight, tan spot, and stagonospora nodorum blotch.	four wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-thinopyrum ponticum derivatives ss5 (pi604926), ss156 (pi604947), ss363 (pi604970), and ss660 (pi604879), were identified as resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb), a serious fungal disease of wheat worldwide. seedling reactions to tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), two important foliar diseases of wheat, suggest that these four derivatives are resistant to tan spot and two of them (ss5 and ss156) are resistant to snb. fluorescent genomic in situ h ...	2006	16544125
gludy allele variations in aegilops tauschii and triticum aestivum: implications for the origins of hexaploid wheats.	to investigate the evolution and geographical origins of hexaploid wheat, we examined a 284 bp sequence from the promoter region of the gludy locus, coding for the y subunit of high-molecular-weight glutenin. fourteen different alleles were found in 100 accessions of aegilops tauschii and 169 of triticum aestivum. two alleles were present in both species; the other 7 alleles from ae. tauschii and 5 from t. aestivum were unique to their respective species. the two shared alleles differed at only ...	2006	16568284
spent growth medium of pantoea agglomerans primes wheat suspension cells for augmented accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced peroxidase activity upon elicitation.	induced disease resistance in plants is based on multiple mechanisms, including cell "priming", i.e. an enhancement of the capacity to mobilize cellular defense responses upon pathogen attack. potent inducers of priming are, for example, salicylic acid, synthetic compounds such as a benzothiadiazole, and certain rhizosphere bacteria. while priming is well characterized for a number of dicot plants, only few cases of priming are documented in monocots. here, we report that the spent growth medium ...	2006	16596409
promoter shuffling at a nuclear gene for mitochondrial rpl27. involvement of interchromosome and subsequent intrachromosome recombinations.	the reclinomonas americana mitochondrial genome contains a mitochondrial ribosomal protein l27 (rpl27) gene, whereas the rpl27 gene is absent from all plant mitochondrial genomes examined to date. this suggests that plant mitochondrial rpl27 genes have been transferred previously from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. a nuclear cdna encoding mitochondrial rpl27 was identified in rice (oryza sativa). three similar sequences were identified: rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8 and rp ...	2006	16603668
effects of molybdenum on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in winter wheat under low temperature stress.	effects of molybdenum (mo) on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of winter wheat (triticum aestivum h. var. huamai 8) were investigated under low temperature stress. results of experiments indicate that mo application in winter wheat induced a dramatic decrease in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content under low temperature stress. the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (pox, ec 1.11.1.7) an ...	2006	16622316
puroindoline-a and alpha1-purothionin form ion channels in giant liposomes but exert different toxic actions on murine cells.	puroindoline-a (pin-a) and alpha1-purothionin (alpha1-pth), isolated from wheat endosperm of triticum aestivum sp., have been suggested to play a role in plant defence mechanisms against phytopathogenic organisms. we investigated their ability to form pores when incorporated into giant liposomes using the patch-clamp technique. pin-a formed cationic channels (approximately 15 ps) with the following selectivity k(+) > na(+) >> cl(-). also, alpha1-pth formed channels of approximately 46 ps and 125 ...	2006	16623707
high-density mapping and comparative analysis of agronomically important traits on wheat chromosome 3a.	bread wheat chromosome 3a has been shown to contain genes/qtls controlling grain yield and other agronomic traits. the objectives of this study were to generate high-density physical and genetic-linkage maps of wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes and reveal the physical locations of genes/qtls controlling yield and its component traits, as well as agronomic traits, to obtain a precise estimate of recombination for the corresponding regions and to enrich the qtl-containing regions with markers ...	2006	16624516
purification, cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 6-exohydrolase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	fructans, beta2-1 and/or beta2-6 linked polymers of fructose, are produced by fructosyltransferases (fts) from sucrose. they are important storage carbohydrates in many plants. fructan reserves, widely distributed in plants, are believed to be mobilized via fructan exohydrolases (fehs). the purification, cloning, and functional characterization of a 6-feh from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are reported here. it is the first feh shown to hydrolyse exclusively beta2-6 bonds found in a fructan-produ ...	2006	16330524
expression and transport characterisation of the wheat low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.	the low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris and its transport characteristics studied employing ca(45) and cd(109). a clone (lct1#3) with the highest uptake of 14pmol of ca/10(6)cells/10min when exposed to 100microm ca(45) was chosen for further ca(45) and cd(109) transport characteristics. we report for the first time a k(m) for ca by lct1 of 0.43+/-0.15mm ca activity which confirms lct1 to be a low affinity ...	2006	16631619
toward a cytogenetically based physical map of the wheat genome.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) is well suited for cytogenetic analysis because the genome, buffered by polyploidy, can tolerate structurally and numerically engineered chromosomes for analysis over infinite generations. this feature of polyploidy can be used in developing a high-resolution, cytogenetically based physical map of the wheat genome. we show that numerous deletions, observed in the progeny of a monosomic addition of a chromosome from triticum cylindricum in wheat, result ...	2006	1360666
fructan chemical structure and sensitivity to an exohydrolase.	a fructan exohydrolase selective for (2----1)-linked terminal fructosyl linkages, isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. morex) stems and leaf sheaths, was used to elucidate the chemical structures of several oligomeric fructans extracted from liliaceous and graminaceous species. products released by enzymic and mild acid hydrolysis were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates p ...	2006	1797396
an improved grafting technique for mature arabidopsis plants demonstrates long-distance shoot-to-root transport of phytochelatins in arabidopsis.	phytochelatins (pcs) are peptides that function in heavy-metal chelation and detoxification in plants and fungi. a recent study showed that pcs have the ability to undergo long-distance transport in a root-to-shoot direction in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). to determine whether long-distance transport of pcs can occur in the opposite direction, from shoots to roots, the wheat (triticum aestivum) pc synthase (tapcs1) gene was expressed under the control of a shoot-specific promot ...	2006	16531489
inhibition of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici germination and partial enhancement of wheat defenses by milsana.	abstract the prophylactic efficiency of milsana against powdery mildew was evaluated on wheat (triticum aestivum). a single short spraying on 10-day-old plantlets reduced the infection level by 85% and two long sprayings led to the total restriction of the disease. although microscopic studies showed that milsana treatments enhance hydrogen peroxide accumulation at the fungal penetration site, biochemical analysis did not allow us to correlate this accumulation with the activation of several enz ...	2006	18943966
quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in bread wheat.	abstract powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major disease to wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. use of adult-plant resistance (apr) is an effective method to develop wheat cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. in the present study, 432 molecular markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) for apr to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid (dh) population with 107 lines derived from the cross fukuho-komugi x oligoculm. field trials were conduc ...	2006	18943153
distribution of pathotypes with regard to host cultivars in french wheat leaf rust populations.	abstract isolates of wheat leaf rust collected from durum and bread wheat cultivars in france during 1999-2002 were analyzed for virulence on 18 thatcher lines with single genes for leaf rust resistance (lr genes). sampling focused on the five most widely grown bread wheat cultivars (two susceptible and three resistant) to allow statistical comparison of diversity indexes between the cultivars. leaf rust populations from durum and bread wheats were different. the diversity of the bread wheat lea ...	2006	18944441
stagonospora nodorum: cause of stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat.	summary stagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat and related cereals, causing both a leaf and glume blotch. this review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of taxonomy, control and pathogenicity of this species. taxonomy: stagonospora (syn. septoria) nodorum (berk.) castell. and germano [teleomorph: phaeosphaeria (syn. leptosphaeria) nodorum (müll.) hedjar.], kingdom fungi, phylum ascomycota, subphylum euascomycota, class dothideomycetes, order pleosporales, family phae ...	2006	20507435
biotypic variation among north american russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) populations.	the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western united states since its introduction in 1986. recently, a new russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l. biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for russian wheat aphid management. our objective was to assess the rela ...	2006	17066823
the reactive oxygen species are involved in resistance responses of wheat to the russian wheat aphid.	the effect of russian wheat aphid (rwa), diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), infestation on the hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) content and nadph oxidase (ec 1.6.3.1) activity was studied in the resistant (cv. tugela dn) and near-isogenic susceptible (cv. tugela) wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ros) during the resistance responses against the rwa. infestation significantly induced an early accumulation of the h(2) ...	2006	17032617
molecular basis of plant gene expression during aphid invasion: wheat pto- and pti-like sequences are involved in interactions between wheat and russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae).	the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), is a major pest of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (em thell), in most wheat-growing areas worldwide. aphid-resistant cultivars are used to combat this pest, but very little is known about the molecular basis of resistance. in this study, differential gene expression in d. noxia biotype 1-resistant wheat plants containing the dnx gene and d. noxia biotype 1 feeding on dnx plants was investigated using suppressive subt ...	2006	16937702
positive correlation of fitness with group size in two biotypes of russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae).	changes in fitness parameters as a function of colony size (one versus 10 aphids) were measured in two biotypes (rwa1 and rwa2) of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), feeding on three cultivars of wheat, triticum aestivum l., at two temperatures. 'trego' is a cultivar with no specific resistance to d. noxia, whereas, 'stanton' and 'halt' express dny and dn4 resistance sources, respectively. feeding in a group accelerated the development of rwa1 on trego a ...	2006	16937675
resistance to biotype 2 russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in two wheat lines.	biotype 2 of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), was identified in the united states in 2003 and is virulent to all commercially available cultivars of winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., that are resistant to biotype 1. we compared the development and reproduction of biotype 2 d. noxia at 21.7 +/- 0.12 degrees c on 'trego' (pi 612576), a susceptible commercial cultivar, and on lines ci 2401 and 03gd1378027 that represent putative resistance sources. ci 2401 is a pure wheat lin ...	2006	16686158