Publications

concentration-dependent effects of mycobacteria on the stimulation of murine t-cell clones.	m. leprae produced concentration-dependent bimodal effects in cultures of m. leprae-immune lymphocytes. at low to intermediate concentrations, m. leprae and other species of mycobacteria stimulated lymphoproliferation of m. leprae t-helper cell clones, whereas at high concentrations responses were reduced. lymphokine production by m. leprae-immune t-cell hybridomas also showed bimodal responses to different concentrations of m. leprae. these results indicate that mycobacterial antigen may direct ...	1984	6398595
antibodies to mycobacterium leprae detected by enzyme linked (elisa) and radio (ria) immunoassay: comparison among families with leprosy patients.		1984	6398597
igm antibodies against phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae in leprosy sera: relationship to bacterial index and erythema nodosum leprosum.	serum igm antibodies against mycobacterium leprae-derived phenolic glycolipid i (pg) were determined in 121 leprosy patients, in contacts and controls by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. anti-pg igm levels correlated with disease classification, increasing from the tuberculoid towards the lepromatous pole of the disease spectrum. there was a linear correlation between serum igm pg-antibody levels and bacillary index (bi), a measure of bacterial load. elevated anti-pg igm in bacill ...	1984	6398598
proceedings of the who--esm--sfm joint meeting on mycobacterium leprae. institut pasteur, june 12-14, 1984.		1984	6398602
host-grown mycobacterium leprae: a credible microorganism.	in this paper recent advances in knowledge of the following aspects of mycobacterium leprae will be reviewed: animal sources, ultrastructure, lipid composition, wall structure, molecular biology, metabolic capabilities and measurement of viability. it will be proposed that isolated from infected tissues are consistent, that is they share chemical and biochemical features although originating from many parts of the world, are unique, that is they have properties possessed by no other microorganis ...	1984	6398603
"drug-resistant proportion test" for m. leprae to quantify the proportion of drug-resistant m. leprae in a sample using the mouse foot pad.	the mouse foot pad test has not previously been used quantitatively to discriminate between samples of mycobacterium leprae with differing proportions of drug-resistant m. leprae. the "drug-resistant proportion test" is a simple modification of the routine mouse foot pad test. it is demonstrated to distinguish between samples of m. leprae with a tenfold difference in the proportion of dapsone-resistant m. leprae.	1984	6399066
primary dapsone-resistant leprosy in san francisco.	the dapsone sensitivity of strains of mycobacterium leprae from 54 multibacilliferous untreated leprosy patients presenting to the united states public health service hospital in san francisco, california, u.s.a., from 1978 to 1981 was studied by mouse foot pad inoculation. m. leprae from 53 patients were found fully sensitive to dapsone. m. leprae from one patient were resistant to only the lowest dietary level of dapsone, 0.0001%, since growth of the bacilli was inhibited by higher and clinica ...	1984	6399067
abortive infection of mycobacterium leprae by the mycobacteriophage d29.	the interactions of mycobacteriophage d29 and mycobacterium leprae were examined. it was demonstrated that after adsorption d29 injected its dna in m. leprae. while the synthesis of host proteins and lipids were inhibited in m. tuberculosis and in m. smegmatis during infection by d29, the results were inconclusive in the case of m. leprae because these bacteria did not incorporate the appropriate substrates.	1984	6399068
wall biosynthesis: a possible site of action for new antimycobacterial drugs.		1984	6399069
six cases of dapsone-resistant tuberculoid leprosy.		1984	6399070
activity of cycloserine and structurally related compounds against m. leprae-infected mice.		1984	6399071
mycobacterium x identified as mycobacterium avium intracellulare (probably mixed with m. leprae in early subcultures)		1984	6399072
in vitro cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae infected tissues in propane-tetradecane medium (a preliminary communication).	host grown mycobacterium leprae and cultures of mycobacterium x, cultivated from m. leprae infected armadillo and human specimens, were inoculated into propane and propane-tetradecane media. the media contained in one litre distilled water kh2po4, 7 g; na2hpo4, 0.5 g; (nh4)2so4, 2 g; mgso4, 0.1 g; ferric ammonium citrate, 20 mg and yeast extract (difco), 0.1 g. twenty ml media, distributed into each of 50 ml screw cap tubes, were inoculated with the bacilli and bubbled aseptically for 10 s with ...	1984	6399185
[observation of antileprotic drug resistance].		1984	6399285
mode of action of sulphones.		1984	6399286
[lipid composition of cultivable mycobacteria isolated from livers of armadillos infected by mycobacterium leprae].	four bacterial strains isolated from two livers of armadillos experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae were studied. lipids obtained after saponification and methylation and complex lipids obtained by solvent extraction were examined. the presence of mycolates showed that the four strains belonged to the genus mycobacterium, but the mycolate patterns, identical for the four strains, were different from those of all strains studied so far. three of these strains contained phthioceranic a ...	1984	6380370
fluorescence of mycobacterium leprae.		1984	6380513
in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with an antigen fraction prepared from mycobacterium leprae and tuberculin ppd in contacts and non-contacts of leprosy patients.	an antigen fraction from mycobacterium leprae, called mlw1, was used as stimulator in the lymphocyte stimulation test, for comparison with tuberculin ppd. the test was performed in three groups of contacts of leprosy patients with various degree of exposure: (1) close contacts, (2) healthy occupational contacts and (3) non-close contacts and, in addition, in a group of bcg vaccinated and non-exposed controls. the mlw1 preparation induced moderate to strong responses in all three groups of contac ...	1984	6380833
isolation and analysis of circulating immune complexes in leprosy.	circulating immune complexes (cic) were isolated by two antigen nonspecific methods from 60 leprosy patients belonging to borderline tuberculoid (bt) and lepromatous (ll) types with and without reactions. cic were elevated in both bt and ll reactions. cic from bt in reaction (btr) were found to consist largely of igg and c3, whereas, c-reactive protein could be found in cic from ll reactions (lr). in addition, igm and rheumatoid factor were demonstrated in the complexes of lr patients who had ma ...	1984	6380842
experimental mycobacterial infections of cba/n mice.	in an effort to assess the contribution of b-lymphocyte-mediated mechanisms to the immune responses to several mycobacteria, responses to these intracellular pathogens were compared in immunologically normal cba/cahn mice and in histocompatible cba/n (xid) mice, which exhibit abnormalities of b-lymphocyte function. swelling in response to local inoculation with mycobacterium marinum was significantly greater in the hind feet of cba/cahn mice than in those of cba/n mice, but the difference was ve ...	1984	6381393
in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the polymorphonuclear neutrophils function of hanseniasis patients to candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis.	the in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the pmn ability to phagocytizing and killing candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis was studied in forty-five patients of hansen's disease and in fifteen healthy controls. our results show no significative differences between the different studied groups, both for the phagocytosis and for the lysis of yeasts. there was no significant changes in the mean values of these functions after previous or simultaneously incubation with myc ...	1984	6400664
freeze-fracture observations of the cell walls and peribacillary substances of various mycobacteria.	ultrastructure of the cell wall and peribacillary substances of various mycobacteria (32 strains of 18 species) grown in vitro was studied by a freeze-fracture technique. peribacillary substances differed in shape among species and even among strains of the same species, and were classified into five types: (1) amorphous substances; (2) multi-layered sheaths with no filamentous units; (3) structures composed of filaments of 2-4 nm diameter, which were further classified into three subtypes accor ...	1984	6470664
immunization against leprosy: progress and prospects.	the complex biology of the leprosy organism, the course of the disease, and the atypical human immune response to both vaccination and infection by mycobacterium leprae are reviewed. since the 1960s several trials of vaccination with bcg, the tuberculosis-causing mycobacterium related to the leprosy organism, have showed varied degrees of protection against leprosy. in the 1970s, m. leprae was grown for the first time, in captured wild armadillos, so material is now available for vaccine trial ...	1984	6509251
description of corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov., a leprosy-derived corynebacterium.	leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc) have been extensively studied over the past decade. a composite of their biological properties (cell morphology, staining reactions, cellular inclusions and guanine-plus-cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid; 16 strains studied) and their chemical structures (peptidoglycan type, major cell wall polysaccharide, major glycolipid as well as characteristic mycolic acids) appears to define them as members of the genus corynebacterium. in relation to othe ...	1984	6532280
production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a shared mycobacterial polysaccharide.	an igm monoclonal antibody specific for mycobacterial arabinomannan was produced by the fusion of splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with purified arabinomannan with nsi/1 myeloma cells. specificity was demonstrated by gel-radioimmunoassay, and by inhibition of binding using the purified polysaccharide. the monoclonal antibody recognized the arabinomannans from all 18 species of mycobacteria tested, including mycobacterium leprae. this antibody expands the number of defined mycobacterial ant ...	1984	6535819
salivary immunoglobulins and antibody activities in leprosy.	the technics of immunodiffusion and the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test were used to determine the levels of immunoglobulins and their antibody activities against mycobacterium leprae in the serum and the saliva collected from a total of 110 patients with leprosy (50 lepromatous, 24 borderline, and 36 tuberculoid). the average levels of serum igg, igm, and iga were not significantly different among these patients. in saliva, however, igm was detected in only two cases with ...	1984	6541202
ultrastructure of sciatic nerve of armadillo infected with mycobacterium leprae.	ultrastructural observation of sciatic nerves from eight armadillos were made. six animals had intravenous inoculation of m. leprae, one had of foot pad, while one had natural leprosy. the available nerves were biopsied at various time sequence ranging from five weeks to twenty four months. semithin sections did not reveal any neuropathy. ultrastructurally perineurium was thick and endoneurial collagen was increased. initially demyelination of non-myelinated fibres was seen in all nerves irrespe ...	1984	6549323
a test of nonrandom segregation.	within a family, associations between a disease and a marker locus are often inferred when affected offspring share marker alleles more often than is expected by chance. generally, this is due to nonrandom parental transmission of marker alleles and specifically could be due to linkage, epistatic gene action, or segregation distortion at the marker locus. in this paper, we discuss the statistical properties of a general test of nonrandom segregation of a marker gene. the exact probability distri ...	1984	6599403
dopa-oxidase activity on icrc bacilli.	presence of o-phenoloxidase is regarded as m. leprae specific character. this enzyme activity was found to be present in icrc bacilli, strain c-44. though this strain is cultivable 'in vitro', the expression of dopa-oxidase activity strongly suggests that it carries m. leprae genome. the icrc bacilli, therefore, may thus from a group of m. leprae culture isolates, distinct from other known cultivable mycobacteria which do not possess this enzyme activity.	1984	6434641
[sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test for detecting subclinical infection by mycobacterium leprae].		1984	6437637
antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and the dawn of a new era in the control of infection.	literature reports concerned with monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, or their toxins, which are pathogens for man and animals were surveyed. these antibodies have important potential uses in human and veterinary pathology and medicine. they are likely to become key elements in a fast progression toward a more complete understanding and control of infectious diseases and of toxin poisoning. a new area of bacteriology relevant to sanitary engineering is also being advanced with the help of an ...	1984	6438759
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis (bcg) and m. leprae.	thirty-two monoclonal antibodies (moab) to mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, m. bovis bcg and m. leprae were produced. the spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with sonicated or intact bacilli were fused with sp2/0-ag-14 myeloma cells. many more antibody producing hybridomas were found when m. tuberculosis, rather than m. leprae, was used as the immunogen. the moab were characterized by an enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence on 16 mycobacterial species. the sodium dodecylsulphate polyacry ...	1984	6439449
skin-test sensitisation by tubercle bacilli and by other mycobacteria in ethiopian school-children.	quadruple skin-testing with a range of 22 new tuberculins and ppd-rt23 was carried out on 665 school-children without bcg scars and 666 with bcg scars, in and around the towns of butajira and hosana in shoa district of ethiopia. marked differences in patterns of sensitisation were distinguished between the 5 schools visited. in general, mycobacterium chitae, m. diernhoferi, m. kansasii and m. vaccae were common sensitising agents in all schools, m. avium subspecies brunense, m. gilvum, m. rhodes ...	1984	6440324
experimental leprosy in nonhuman primates.		1984	6441464
anti-leprosy vaccines--field trials and future prospects.	development of a vaccine for prevention of leprosy is today one of the major challenges for bio-medical sciences. two vaccines containing (i) m. leprae + bcg and (ii) icrc, a cultivable mycobacterium, have reached advanced stage with reference to human trials. this article describes comparative features of two vaccines and mechanism of their action. future possibilities with reference to anti-leprosy vaccine are also discussed.	1984	6442720
immunological properties of m. leprae culture isolates icrc bacilli: hypothesis on relationship between m. leprae and ml-culture isolates.	the m. leprae-culture isolate, being a culture, is identified by biochemical criteria. majority belong to either m. avium-intracellulare-scrofulacieum complex, or corynobacterium group. the identification is also determined by serological methods using soluble sonicates. skin tests with heat-killed suspension often give positive mitsuda response and hence the isolates are discarded as non-m. leprae. the data on icrc strains show that dharmendra type antigen prepared from icrc bacilli compares ve ...	1984	6442820
further observations on the mycobacteriophage d29-mycobacterial interactions.		1984	6442822
ultrastructural characterization of normal and damaged membranes of mycobacterium leprae and of cultivable mycobacteria.	microdensitometry showed that the membrane profiles of normal cultivable mycobacteria were very asymmetric (outer layer denser and thicker than the inner layer), while the profiles of normal-looking m. leprae in lepromatous patients, in experimentally infected armadillos and in nude mice were approximately symmetric; moreover, the membrane of m. leprae was thicker than that of cultivable species. using two cytochemical methods for the ultrastructural detection of periodic acid-schiff (pas)-posit ...	1984	6427399
occasional review--hla and leprosy: a re-evaluation.		1984	6431213
[change in cell-mediated immunity to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium marinum in hansen's disease patients].	the cell mediated immunity (cmi) to protein purified derivates of mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium marinum was studied. leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to these antigens were examined in 44 hanseniasis patients (20 quiescent virchowians, 13 reactional virchowians and 11 tuberculoid patients) and 15 healthy subjects. an impairment in lmi and delayed hypersensitivity tests to m. leprae and m. ma ...	1983	6432692
amyloidosis and the serum amyloid a protein response to muramyl dipeptide analogs and different mycobacterial species.	serum amyloid a protein (saa) elevation accompanies induction of secondary amyloidosis in mice given mycobacterium butyricum in freund adjuvant. the synthesis of saa by cultured hepatocytes is induced by a macrophage-derived mediator, which has been identified as interleukin 1. in these studies, saa synthesis has been used as an index of macrophage activation to examine the in vivo response of mice to challenge with seven different mycobacteria and with synthetic analogs of the immunoadjuvant n- ...	1983	6601620
t-cell conditioned media reverse t-cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy.	in some subjects the infective agent of leprosy, mycobacterium leprae, causes disseminated (lepromatous) disease. such subjects have a major role in the transmission of the disease and show deficient t-cell responses both in vivo and in vitro to m. leprae, but not to other antigens. numerous studies have recently shown that t cells with functional capabilities after initial triggering with antigen can be maintained in a state of continuous proliferation in vitro when cultured in medium containin ...	1983	6602296
lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae.	t and b cells were quantitated from the spleen of m. leprae infected mice and correlated with bacillary count in the foot pad. lymphocyte transformation with pha and m. leprae (armadillo) antigens was also studied during different months of infection. t cell counts dropped gradually but significantly throughout the course of infection. b cells had a concomitant rise up to 6 months and then registered a fall as compared to the initial control figures. transformation of lymphocytes with pha fell s ...	1983	6603563
monocyte-derived soluble suppressor factor(s) in patients with lepromatous leprosy.	peripheral blood monocytes from polar lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients were unable to support mycobacterium leprae-induced in vitro lymphoproliferation of hla-d-matched t cells from tuberculoid leprosy subjects, whereas those from responder individuals were able to do so. monocyte-rich adherent cells from untreated ll patients released de novo soluble factors which inhibited antigen-induced lymphoproliferation to a greater extent and mitogenic responses to a lesser extent. suppressive activity ...	1983	6605932
leprosy in sub-human primates: potential risk for transfer of mycobacterium leprae to humans.		1983	6668987
in vitro cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in acetone-dimethylsulfoxide-tetradecane medium.	several strains of mycobacteria were cultivable from mycobacterium leprae-infected human and armadillo tissues in a liquid medium containing three dimethyl analogs: dimethylketone, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetradecane [ch3 . (ch2)12 . ch3]. the medium contained kh2po4, 7.0 g; na2hpo4, 1.0 g; (nh4)2so4, 2.0 g; mgso4, 0.1 g; iron ammonium citrate, 0.1 g; dmso, 10 ml; and acetone, 150 ml in distilled water ad one liter. tetradecane 0.1 ml was added aseptically to each tube, containing 10 ml of the st ...	1983	6683261
ige in leprosy; effect of a mycobacterium leprae-bcg vaccine.	since some previous studies have reported elevated total serum ige levels in leprosy, that may be associated with the existence of a state of generalized t cell anergy, we undertook a carefully controlled study of this immunoglobulin in such patients before and after treatment with a mycobacterium leprae-bcg vaccine. we found, firstly, that lepromatous leprosy patients suffering active disease had only a moderate elevation of ige levels that was not statistically significant when compared to app ...	1983	6684643
survival of mycobacterium leprae in mice administered several antibiotics per os.		1983	6684648
foam--the result of an interaction between unactivated macrophages and dead mycobacterium leprae?		1983	6684649
infection of the congenitally athymic rat with mycobacterium leprae.	the susceptibility of congenitally athymic rats to mycobacterium leprae infection has been investigated. following inoculation of small numbers of m. leprae (5 x 10(3] into the foot pad, the organisms replicated and attained a maximum of 2.6 x 10(8) per foot pad at 294 days; there was limited dissemination to the tail. in similarly inoculated neonatally thymectomized lewis rats (ntlrs) a ceiling of 2 x 10(7) organisms was reached. when a larger inoculum (10(7] was given, the number of bacilli in ...	1983	6685695
variable lepromin response to mycobacterium leprae in resistant armadillos.	eight armadillos resistant to the infection of mycobacterium leprae were lepromin tested. the tissue response was tuberculoid in 5, borderline in 2, and lepromatous in 1, thus showing a wide variation. it is seen that although cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by a tuberculoid granulomatous response to killed m. leprae is associated with resistance to the disease, there may be other yet unknown factors which protect armadillos from the infection. lepromin responses were recognized histological ...	1983	6685696
dds-resistant infection among leprosy patients in the population of gudiyatham taluk, south india. part 3. prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and interpretation of mouse foot pad test results.	at the schieffelin leprosy research and training centre, karigiri, india, a study of the population of gudiyatham taluk revealed that the prevalence of dapsone (dds)-resistant infection among lepromatous (ll) and borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients treated for a minimum of three years was 3.3% (33 per 1000), with an average annual incidence of 0.28% per year. dds-resistant infection was diagnosed when review of skin smear readings showed a continuing increase in the number of mycobacter ...	1983	6685699
the significance of dapsone (dds)-resistant mycobacterium leprae in untreated patients.	in a stable rural population of south india, 18 consecutive untreated persons newly discovered to have leprosy with a bacterial index (bi) greater than or equal to 2+ were tested for mycobacterium leprae resistant to dapsone (dds) by the mouse foot pad test. of 12 successful tests, five detected resistant m. leprae. known contact with a treated patient in the ten years preceding the diagnosis of leprosy was not found to increase the risk of dds-resistant m. leprae occurring in an untreated, newl ...	1983	6685700
response to dapsone (dds) monotherapy in leprosy patients of gudiyatham taluk, south india: comparison between the 1960s and the 1970s.	at the schieffelin leprosy research and training centre, karagiri, india, 148 lepromatous (ll) and borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients registered for treatment in the years 1971 to 1973 were found to respond as well to dapsone (dds) monotherapy as 391 ll and bl patients registered in 1964 to 1966, as indicated by clearance of mycobacterium leprae from skin smears during the initial seven years of therapy in each patient. apparently, the efficacy of dds monotherapy has not been progressi ...	1983	6685701
mouse foot pad technique for evaluation of drug resistance of m. leprae and other laboratory techniques to be used in leprosy control programmes.	there is no need for mouse foot pad facilities for drug sensitivity testing to start leprosy control programmes, since the size of the problem is known. there will however be a need for some mouse foot pad work in later stages, to document relapse cases and test relapse strains for drug sensitivity. arrangements should be made to ship such specimens to existing laboratories. there is more need however for facilities for monitoring drug intake. finally, where nonexistant, there may be incidentall ...	1983	6401137
the bacteriology of mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6405519
serological activity of a characteristic phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae in sera from patients with leprosy and tuberculosis.	serological activity against a purified phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae, which may be obtained in large amounts from m. leprae infected armadillo liver, was investigated using immunodiffusion and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). generally a good correlation was obtained between these techniques, but the elisa was more sensitive and convenient. relatively high igg and igm anti-glycolipid antibody levels were found in lepromatous leprosy patients. the antibody titres to ...	1983	6407793
isolation of a characteristic phthiocerol dimycocerosate from mycobacterium leprae.	a characteristic mycobacterial wax, phthiocerol dimycocerosate, has been isolated from liver of armadillos experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae. the structure of this wax is generally similar to that produced by mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the homologous phthiocerol and the mycocerosic acid components from m. leprae are significantly different from those of m. tuberculosis.	1983	6409988
demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in nerve biopsies from leprosy patients using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoenzyme technique.	peripheral nerve biopsies from patients with leprosy were stained with anti-mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) system to demonstrate intraneural mycobacterial antigens. most m. leprae antigens have been shown to cross-react with bcg. of the 30 biopsies from borderline tuberculoid (bt) patients 18 had acid-fast bacilli while 26 of them had demonstrable mycobacterial antigens in their nerves. all borderline lepromatous (bl) and lepromatous leprosy (ll) nerve biopsies ha ...	1983	6416726
defective gamma interferon production in leprosy. reversal with antigen and interleukin 2.	antigen and mitogen-induced gamma interferon (gamma-ifn) production was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 34 leprosy patients. 17 of 18 lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous patients (ll and bl) failed to release gamma-ifn in response to specific antigen (mycobacterium leprae) and displayed reduced responses to mitogen (concanavalin a) stimulation. in contrast, cells from six tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid patients (tt and bt) produced considerable levels of gam ...	1983	6417263
utilization of indole compounds by cryptococcus neoformans to produce a melanin-like pigment.	several indoles served as substrates for the phenoloxidase of cryptococcus neoformans and resulted in the production of a melanin-like pigment. in general, a higher percentage of c. neoformans var. neoformans (a and d serotypes) isolates could produce pigment from indoles than could those of var. gattii (b and c serotypes). only compounds with a hydroxyl or an amino group on the phenyl ring produced pigment; methoxy, nitro, methyl, and fluorine substituents on the phenyl ring were inactive, as w ...	1983	6418759
fernandez and mitsuda reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized with heat-killed mycobacterium leprae: persistence and specificity of skin reactivity to soluble and particulate antigens.	guinea pigs were sensitized with 500 micrograms dry weight of heat-killed mycobacterium leprae, m. tuberculosis h37rv, m. vaccae, or m. nonchromogenicum suspended in saline. significant fernandez (peak swelling at 48 hr) and mitsuda (peaking at 21 days) reactions were observed when all four groups of animals were skin tested with 10 micrograms of the homologous whole-cell antigen (wca) preparations one month after sensitization. some of the guinea pigs were given a booster injection of the homol ...	1983	6423556
ecological considerations on treatment of leprosy.		1983	6381451
[growth inhibition of mycobacterium lepraemurium in a cell-free medium by adding a suspension of m. leprae].		1983	6381452
[susceptibility of rhino mouse to mycobacterium leprae].		1983	6381457
[the mitsuda reaction and its antigen, good subjects for a bibliography].	some references of the history of mitsuda reaction and its antigen, as well as for the results and significance of this unique reaction are presented. in spite of the great advances of modern immunology. mitsuda reaction is still the best method for the diagnosis of the forms of hanseniasis and for the prognosis of the disease in patients and in healthy persons.	1983	6381300
[in vitro behavior of macrophages of healthy subjects and hansen patients against mycobacterium leprae].	the in vitro phagocytic capacity of human macrophages facing m. leprae was analysed in a selected sample of healthy and hanseniasis patients (virchowian and tuberculoid) individuals. families where at least one of the spouses presented hansen's disease were selected and 176 white people were studied. the analysis of the macrophages' behavior was performed by reading the slides in the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th days after inoculation of m. leprae. the classification is discussed. the results ...	1983	6381301
[familial analysis of the in vitro behavior of human macrophages against mycobacterium leprae].	the lysogenic capacity of human macrophages facing m. leprae in vitro may be dependent on an important genetic component. although the family aggregation of the trait is demonstrated, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition to prove genetic influence. the data do not fit some simple genetic models (autosomal dominant or incompletely dominant gene; dominant or recessive sex-linked gene). the results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that the macrophages' lysogenic capacity is m ...	1983	6381302
trials of culturing of mycobacterium leprae using media enriched with thyroid hormones.		1983	6400163
[indirect immunofluorescence for detecting antibodies against m. leprae. application to a group of patients and persons living with them].		1983	6379769
[structure of the lipid constituents of mycobacterium leprae. comparison with various species of mycobacteria].		1983	6377796
[action of desoxyfructo-serotonin on mycobacterium leprae. results of inoculation of human biopsy specimens in the mouse after a year of treatment].	m. leprae, extracted from cutaneous biopsies of 4 out of 7 patients treated with dfs during one year at doses of 1000 to 1500 mg/day were injected in mouse foot pads. bacterial multiplication was observed in each case. the purely bacteriostatic activity of dfs for m. leprae, previously observed in mice, is thus confirmed. the eventual place of dfs in the therapy of leprosy is discussed.	1983	6377799
[new trends in the treatment of leprosy].		1983	6374636
[immunosuppression mechanisms in leprosy].		1983	6371439
taxonomy of mycobacterial strains isolated from the tissues of leprosy patients.	thirty-six slowly growing mycobacteria isolated from the tissues of leprosy patients were studied using 40 characteristics as well as susceptibility to 27 distinct mycobacteriophages. the composition in mycolic acids of selected strains was also studied. according to the data, the strains formed 5 clusters. some of the clusters were possibly as yet undescribed species; however, comparison of the data with the known properties of mycobacterium leprae leads to the conclusion that none of the strai ...	1983	6372573
lysozyme and angiotensin converting enzyme levels in experimental mycobacterial granulomas.	a study has been made on mycobacterial-induced granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) were measured in the auricular lymph nodes and serum of guinea-pigs which had received live bcg (pasteur) or cobalt (co)-irradiated armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae intradermally into the ear or dinitrofluorobenzene (dnfb) painted epicutaneously upon the ears. in the lymph nodes with granulomas induced by either live bcg or killed m. leprae, the mean concent ...	1983	6298393
electron microscopic observations of intracytoplasmic inclusions in human and murine leprosy bacilli.	the intracytoplasmic inclusions of mycobacterium leprae in human lepromata and m. lepraemurium in murine lepromata were studied in ultrathin serial sections at the electron microscopic level. the inclusions were mostly homogeneous and spherical, and did not exist uniformly throughout the bacillary cells. they did not appear to be delimited by membranous structures and apparently had no internal structure. there seemed to be fundamentally little difference between m. leprae and m. lepraemurium in ...	1983	6305856
neuropathies in hansen's disease.		1983	6323330
suppression of the antibody response to sulfolipids in leprosy patients by 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dds).	antibodies to sulfolipids were demonstrated in patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy. the antibody titre was found to decrease gradually on treatment with dds. this effect was maximum for patients undergoing treatment for more than 1 year.	1983	6370132
trials of culturing of mycobacterium leprae using media enriched with thyroid hormones.		1983	6369009
serodiagnosis of infection with mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6200450
a serological test for leprosy based on competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to the my2a determinant of mycobacterium leprae.	a novel serological assay for leprosy has been devised on the basis of serum inhibition of binding of 125i-labelled ml04 monoclonal antibody to mycobacterium leprae sonicate-coated microtitre plates. antibodies were detected in 93% of lepromatous leprosy patients, whereas controls from the endemic area, including leprosy contacts and patients with tuberculosis, were serologically negative. the specificity and efficacy of the test may offer an advantage over previously used techniques.	1983	6198787
reversal reaction in lepromatous patients induced by a vaccine containing killed icrc bacilli--a report of five cases.	clinico-pathological features of five cases of lepromatous leprosy exhibiting "reversal" reaction with upgrading of lesions following vaccination with icrc vaccine have been described. two patients also developed enl. associated with the "reversal" reaction, the patients exhibited lepromin conversion. no evidence of fresh nerve lesions was observed in any patient. besides lepromin conversion, occurrence of "reversal" reaction is yet another evidence of immunogenicity of the icrc vaccine.	1983	6368413
rationales for vaccines against leprosy.		1983	6368414
progress in the preparation of an antileprosy vaccine from armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6368415
animal vaccination studies with mycobacterium leprae.		1983	6368416
antileprosy potentials of icrc vaccine. a study in patients and healthy volunteers.		1983	6368417
two candidate antileprosy vaccines--current status of their development.		1983	6368418
natural history of leprosy--aspects relevant to a leprosy vaccine.		1983	6368419
epidemiological considerations in vaccine trials in leprosy.		1983	6368420
operational problems in vaccine trials.		1983	6368421
growth of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice.	athymic nude mice were introduced in our laboratories in 1982. in this paper results over one year period of nude mice inoculated with small numbers of m. leprae are described. in this study we showed that 1 x 10(4) m. leprae with low numbers of viable bacilli inoculated into hind foot pads of nude mice housed both in vinyl plastic isolators and "clean room" conditions had the ability to grow and reach remarkable levels. there was dissemination of the infection to other uninoculated foot pads by ...	1983	6366365
composite skin contact smears in multi-bacillary leprosy patients.		1983	6366366
[the rubino reaction. criterion for inactivation in lepromatous patients].	approximately 55% of active lepromatous patients respond positively to the rubino reaction. with arrested cases this rate of positivity lowers considerably to about 15%. in an effort to associate this reaction with the presence of bacilli, a study of 796 cases was undertaken. the patients were divided into: a control group, active tuberculoid cases, arrested tuberculoid cases, active borderline cases, arrested borderline cases, active lepromatous cases, and arrested lepromatous cases. the patien ...	1983	6366399
study of the use of nude mice in the cultivation of mycobacterium leprae in a normal, nonspecific pathogenic-free room at a temperature of 30-35 degrees c, without air-conditioning.		1983	6366412
quantitative estimation of mycobacterium leprae in exhaled nasal breath.		1983	6366413
cultivation of m. leprae.		1983	6361377
generalised infection in tuberculoid cases?		1983	6361378
observations on the culture of m. leprae in medium v. a preliminary report.	this paper reports the preliminary findings of an investigation using medium v for culture of m. leprae. the medium was prepared adhering to the procedures adopted by veeraraghavan. tissues from 7 cases of lepromatous leprosy (bacteriological index of 3 or more) were inoculated into medium v and incubated at 8-10 degrees c for 72 hours. quantitative estimation of leprosy bacilli were made employing the enumeration technique of veeraraghavan. there was no evidence of multiplication in any of the ...	1983	6361379
effect of lysozyme on mycobacterium leprae.	because large amounts of lysozyme are present in phagocytes, it was selected, as one of the bactericidal substances, to study the in vitro effects on m. leprae. the results obtained led the author to conclude that m. leprae is not susceptible to lysozyme as many other atypical as well as attenuated pathogenic mycobacteria. this resistance of m. leprae to lysozyme was seen up to a level of 100-500 micrograms per ml, while levels of 1000 micrograms and more had very significant effect; the atp con ...	1983	6361380