Publications

evidence of lectin-mediated adherence of moraxella catarrhalis.	clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis (n = 86) were evaluated for their haemagglutinating activity with different types of erythrocytes. of all the isolates tested, 12 did not agglutinate with any of the erythrocytes, whereas 65 reacted with human erythrocytes of type a, b, and 0, and 26 with erythrocytes from rabbit, guinea pig, dog, or rat. none of the isolates agglutinated with sheep and goat erythrocytes. the agglutination titres ranged from 0 to 64. among these isolates, 13 different a ...	1995	7744489
molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion.	to determine if the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) can detect bacterial dna in pediatric middle ear effusions that are sterile by standard cultural methods.	1995	7745773
bacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute otitis media caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.	to evaluate the rate of bacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media (aom) and to identify the risk factors associated with failure.	1995	7752010
[beta-lactamase production of clinically isolated bacteria].	we examined beta-lactamase productions by clinically isolated strains of bacteria. the results were as follows; 1. it appears that beta-lactamases produced by strains of five species of staphylococcus spp. are mostly penicillinase (90%). source of beta-lactamase producing strains of haemophilus influenzae (23%) and all of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis: strains (100%) are "high & low producer" strains. 2. a large proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacteriaceae an ...	1995	7752455
persistent acute otitis media: i. causative pathogens.	in this prospective study tympanocentesis was performed to determine the pathogens isolated from middle ear fluid of 200 ears in 137 children with acute otitis media (aom) which had not responded after one or two empiric antimicrobial treatment courses (termed persistent aom). for comparison tympanocentesis from 154 ears in 111 children with aom not previously treated are described. patients were enrolled from october, 1989, until september, 1992. in the persistent aom group amoxicillin and trim ...	1995	7761181
virulence factors in the colonization and persistence of bacteria in the airways.	haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa are commonly isolated from sputum specimens of patients with lower respiratory tract infections. haemophilus influenzae, s. pneumoniae, and m. catarrhalis have several pathogenic properties in common. these bacteria are able to interact with mucus, to exert ciliotoxic activity, to adhere to bronchial epithelial cells, and to invade airway epithelium. h ...	1995	7767563
serum bactericidal activity against moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae after administration of four oral cephalosporins in healthy volunteers.		1995	7768778
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis bacteremia in children. a report of two patients and review of the literature.	we report two cases of moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) bacteremia in apparently healthy children. one patient had bilateral otitis media and the other had pharyngitis and sinusitis; both patients had uncomplicated clinical courses. a literature review revealed 22 reported cases of m. catarrhalis bacteremia in children, 14 (63%) of which occurred in patients who had no identified underlying condition. eight (36%) cases were seen in children who were immunocompromised. nine (40%) patients p ...	1995	7774141
[the effect of cefaclor and cefixime on nasopharyngeal pathogens in children].	changes in nasopharyngeal flora were investigated in children with acute otitis media and with acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis in whom antibiotic therapy of relatively long duration was required until substantial improvement in clinical findings was achieved. 1. the antibiotics used were two cephalosporins, i.e., cefaclor (ccl) and cefixime (cfix), administered to 18 patients each for 1 week and to 26 and 20 patients, respectively, for 2 weeks. bacteriologic examination of the nasophary ...	1995	7782974
[antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/ampicillin against clinically isolated microbial strains].	antimicrobial activities were examined for sulbactam/ampicillin (sbt/abpc) against clinically isolated microbial strains in 1987, 1990, 1994. besides, the beta-lactamase productivity and mics of these strains were measured, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. the ratio of beta-lactamase producing strains were 90% of methicillin (dmppc)-susceptible staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (mssa), about 80% of dmppc-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 100% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae ...	1995	7783316
[bacteremic pneumonia due to moraxella catarrhalis in an immunosuppressed patient].		1995	7784666
moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia in an immunocompetent adult.		1995	7784828
development, characterization, and initial evaluations of s1. a new chromogenic cephalosporin for beta-lactamase detection.	a novel, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent (s1) for beta-lactamase testing was produced that shares physicochemical characteristics with nitrocefin (formerly 87/312). s1 and nitrocefin in a disk-testing format for beta-lactamase performed at 100% agreement for detecting enzyme-producing isolates of bacteroides fragilis group, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, staphylococcus aureus, and selected enterobacteriaceae. the time required to achieve an initial color ...	1995	7789091
multicenter trial of cefpodoxime proxetil vs. amoxicillin-clavulanate in acute lower respiratory tract infections in childhood. international study group.	acute lower respiratory tract infections in children are a worldwide public health problem, with an estimated 4 million potentially preventable deaths every year. until recently, penicillin and related drugs were the treatment of choice for empiric therapy of paediatric lower respiratory tract infections. however, concerns over the emergence of penicillin-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis have le ...	1995	7792126
otitis media complications and treatment failures: implications of pneumococcal resistance.	classic complications of untreated otitis media include meningitis, lateral sinus thrombosis and chronic suppurative otitis media. in the past, in countries where otitis media is usually treated, complications have been rare, because of the good activity of almost all orally administered antibiotics against the most common cause of complications, streptococcus pneumoniae. treatment failures were usually caused by beta-lactamase-producing nontypable haemophilus influenzae or by moraxella (branham ...	1995	7792127
group a streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: cost-effective diagnosis and treatment.	most patients who seek medical attention for sore throat are concerned about streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, but fewer than 10% of adults and 30% of children actually have a streptococcal infection. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gas) are most often responsible for bacterial tonsillopharyngitis, although neisseria gonorrhea, arcanobacterium haemolyticum (formerly corynebacterium haemolyticum), chlamydia pneumoniae (twar agent), and mycoplasma pneumoniae have also been suggested as possi ...	1995	7864482
in vitro activities of a streptogramin (rp59500), three macrolides, and an azalide against four respiratory tract pathogens.	broth microdilution tests were carried out with 2,671 respiratory tract isolates from 19 medical centers throughout the continental united states. the tests compared a streptogramin (rp59500) to erythromycin, dirithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin against streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. against macrolide-susceptible strains, the potency of rp59500 was similar to that of the macrolides: the azalide, azithromycin, was two to four t ...	1995	7695313
[bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sy5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field].	bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sy5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. the following results were obtained. 1. antibacterial activities. mics of sy5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc), cefotiam (ctm), cefpodoxime (cpdx), cefaclor (ccl) and cefdinir (cfdn) were determined against clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus ...	1995	7699846
serum antibodies to outer membrane proteins (omps) of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with bronchiectasis: identification of omp b1 as an important antigen.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults and of otitis media in children. little is known about the human immune response to this bacterium. in this study, immunoblot assays were performed to detect serum immunoglobulin g antibodies directed at purified outer membrane of m. catarrhalis. twelve serum samples, two each from six patients with bronchiectasis who were persistently colonized with this organism, were tested with their homolog ...	1995	7890418
chemotherapy for chronic bronchitis. controversies.	chronic bronchitis is a common inflammatory disease of the airways characterised by cough, sputum production and associated features such as dyspnoea and respiratory obstruction. it has a poor prognosis once fully developed and imposes a heavy financial burden on affected societies. chronic bronchitis is subject to periodic exacerbations in which the role of bacterial infection and the rightful place of antibiotic therapy is only slowly emerging, largely due to the non-homogeneity of the populat ...	1995	7899359
comparative in vitro activity of apalcillin alone and combined with ro 48-1220, a novel penam beta-lactamase inhibitor.	objective: the in vitro activity of apalcillin plus ro 48-1220, a novel penam sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with apalcillin alone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime and cefepime. methods: agar dilution and broth microdilution testing of 854 bacterial strains, subcultured from frozen stocks incubated for 24 h in 5% carbon dioxide, was carried out to determine the minimum bactericidal (mbc) and minimum inhibito ...	1995	11866735
azithromycin: the first of the tissue-selective azalides.	the azalide azithromycin, which is derived from erythromycin, contains a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the lactone ring. this 15-membered expanded lactone ring results in improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared with erythromycin. azithromycin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including enhanced activity compared with the macrolides against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in vitro activity of azithromycin ...	1995	18611663
fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in the immunocompromised host in northern alberta.	to determine the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy in a population of immunocompromised hosts in northern alberta.	1995	22550406
community acquired, nursing home acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia: a five-year review of the clinical, bacteriological and radiological characteristics.	to assess the contemporary clinical, bacteriological and radiographic features of hospitalized patients with community acquired (ca), nursing home acquired (na) and hospital acquired pneumonia (ha) and to examine patient outcome.	1995	22550412
clarithromycin for children.		1995	22416204
cefixime use in children: when and why.		1995	22514398
epidemiological typing of moraxella catarrhalis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.	pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used to compare 59 strains of moraxella catarrhalis to evaluate pfge for the epidemiological typing of this organism. pfge-generated patterns were compared with those obtained by small fragment restriction enzyme analysis (rea) and species-specific probe hybridization. the strains used in the study were isolated from various geographic locations and included proven epidemiologically related strains. pfge yielded more unique patterns than dna-dna hybrid ...	1995	22514386
beyond erythromycin ...		1994	22346474
cefuroxime axetil.	cefuroxime is the first commercially-available second-generation cephalosporine to be widely used in therapy; it is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin obtained from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin c. cefuroxime axetil is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. the majority of micro-organisms associated with respiratory infections are highly sensitive to cefuroxime. these include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and the other streptococci (exc ...	1994	18611587
isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens of malaysian patients.	moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. it is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. sputum specimens sent to the bacteriology division, institute for medical research f ...	1994	16329578
choosing between the new cephalosporin antibiotics: a pharmacodynamic approach.	the use of pharmacodynamic properties when formulating antibacterial administration guidelines can maximise the potential for efficacy while minimising the risk of toxicity. aminoglycosides and quinolones demonstrate concentration-dependent bactericidal killing, which is maximised when their concentrations appreciably exceed their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for an organism. beta-lactams demonstrate time-dependent or concentration-independent bactericidal killing, which is maximised ...	1994	10147287
restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of genomic dna of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolates in a hospital.	epidemiological typing, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), was attempted for the 38 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained at shinshu university hospital during the years 1987 and 1993. digestion with smai or noti generated well separable, 12 to 5 genomic dna fragments ranging from 1,000 kb to 30 kb and the strains could be classified into 14 or 13 types, respectively. the electrophoretic profile differed with the str ...	1994	7898388
the in-vitro activity of fk-037, a new broad spectrum injectable cephalosporin.	the in-vitro activity of the parenteral cephem fk-037 was compared to those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxycillin and co-amoxiclav. against the enterobacteriaceae fk-037 was generally > or = 16-fold more active than cefuroxime and two- to four-fold more active than ceftazidime and similar in activity to cefpirome. pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed similar susceptibilities to ceftazidime and fk-037 (mic90 4 and 8 mg/l respectively). methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ...	1994	7706158
children with persistent cough--outcome with treatment and role of moraxella catarrhalis?	52 children with severe cough persisting for more than 10 days were randomized to treatment with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid or placebo in a prospective double-blinded study. clinically suspected cases of pertussis were excluded, yet 12 (23%) of the children had laboratory verified pertussis infection. the nasopharyngeal colonization showed a predominance of moraxella catarrhalis which was isolated in 37 (71%) children. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were isolated in 11 (20% ...	1994	7710536
increased beta-lactamase activity in branhamella catarrhalis after exposure to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.	branhamella catarrhalis, previously regarded as a harmless member of the normal nasopharyngeal flora, has periodically been implicated as the major pathogen in representative cases of a variety of infections such as sinusitis, pneumonia, septicemia and meningitis. in addition, beta-lactamase production of these microorganisms, first described in 1977, has been reported with increasing frequency, up to 80%. the first-choice drug for the therapy of the infections caused by beta-lactamase producing ...	1994	7699424
[moraxella catarrhalis as an important etiologic factor in infection of the lower bronchial tree].	moraxella catarrhalis in responsible for a considerable number of bronchopulmonary infections in adults, as well as otitis media and sinusitis in children. many strains of moraxella catarrhalis produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to many beta-lactam antibiotics. when moraxella catarrhalis in considered to be a causative organism, the choice for an empiric antimicrobial therapy should be beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics.	1994	7866327
cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals.	cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ...	1994	7867299
expression of fimbriae and host response in branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections.	sputum during the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases were observed under the electron microscope, to determine the in vivo expression of surface structures of branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis), the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) response to b. catarrhalis infections, and the composition of sputum. it was found that during infection fimbriae are expressed in b. catarrhalis. however, there were sparsely to densely fimbriated bacteria in each sputum sample. the length of ...	1994	7869954
prediction of piperacillin-tazobactam susceptibility among enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacteria using ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, and other broad-spectrum antimicrobial in vitro test results.	the ability of various in vitro beta-lactam susceptibility test results to predict the susceptibility of piperacillin-tazobactam (a new beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination) was assessed using more than 46,000 recent clinical isolates. the organisms were tested by reference-quality national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) broth microdilution procedures and interpreted by the currently published nccls criteria. the recommended antimicrobial tests that would accurat ...	1994	7874881
[antibacterial activities of cefetamet against clinically isolated strains from community acquired respiratory tract infections (ii)].	antibacterial activities of cefetamet (cemt) against clinically isolated strains from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections were compared to those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics in the period from january to march 1994. the following results were obtained. 1. cemt showed strong antibacterial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquired respiratory tract infections, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. ...	1994	7877255
comparative microbiological activity and pharmacokinetics of cefprozil.	in vitro studies on the activity of cefprozil have been conducted in europe and north america. against gram-negative bacilli, cefprozil and cefaclor are at least two to four times more active than cephalexin. cefixime is more active against these organisms. against gram-positive cocci, cefprozil is at least two to four times more active than cefaclor and cephalexin; cefixime has limited gram-positive activity, and is particularly inactive against staphylococci (mic90 32 mg/l). cefprozil is highl ...	1994	7889957
multi-investigator evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cefprozil, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media.	cefprozil was evaluated in the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in three open, randomized, multicenter comparative clinical trials. in two trials, 891 pediatric patients were enrolled to either cefprozil or amoxicillin-clavulanate dosage regimens. the treatment groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, and presented with otalgia, middle-ear effusion, or inflamed or bulging tympanic membrane on otoscopic examination. in all patients, tympanocentesis and a culture were re ...	1994	7889960
detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by pcr.	a method for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by pcr has been developed. the assay employs oligonucleotide primers specific for a portion of the autolysin gene lyta of s. pneumoniae. other closely related streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis do not give a positive result in the assay. the assay was capable of detecting between 10 and 100 cfu of s. pneumoniae in distilled water and 1.4 x 10(4) cfu/ml in simulated sputum samples. sputum samples ...	1994	7914205
growth of moraxella catarrhalis with human transferrin and lactoferrin: expression of iron-repressible proteins without siderophore production.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a mucosal pathogen closely related to neisseria species, is a prominent cause of otitis media in young children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. in this study, we investigated whether m. catarrhalis can compete for iron bound to human transferrin or human lactoferrin in a manner similar to that utilized by neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. our studies demonstrated that m. catarrhalis obtains iron from these serum carrier prote ...	1994	7927771
moraxella catarrhalis in upper respiratory tract of healthy yemeni children/adults and paediatric patients: detection and significance.	a highly variable carriage rate of moraxella catarrhalis has been reported in the literature. in order to assess the reasons for this variability, detection rates of this organism from various sites of the upper respiratory tract of children and adults were studied. throat swabs, oral swabs and nasal swabs from 131 children, 96 adults and 64 paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections were cultured on a selective medium. detection rates of 31.4% in children less than three years ...	1994	7927815
[pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on biapenem (l-627) in children].	the results are summarized as follows: 1. a total of 10 patients were treated with biapenem (l-627). we received informed consent from all of their parents. each dose was 6 mg/kg, and it was administered 3 times daily (40 mg/kg, 4 times daily in meningitis), in a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-17 days. the clinical efficacies of l-627 in 10 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with purulen ...	1994	7933524
evaluation of minocycline and cefuzonam for antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates.	the antibacterial activity of minocycline (mino) and that of cefuzonam (czon) were assessed with clinical isolates of 19 species, and compared with that of other antibiotics. mino was highly active against methicilli-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, flavobacterium meningosepticum, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, peptostreptococcus spp. and propionibacterium acnes, but not as effective aga ...	1994	7933531
antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: a prospective study in murcia, spain, 1983-1992.	we prospectively determined the role of commonly used antibiotics in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the predominant pathogens associated with the respiratory tract. clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from otic exudates, exudates obtained by puncture of the paranasal sinuses, sputum samples or blood cultures obtained from hospital inpatients with symptoms of significant upper or lower respiratory tract infection were an ...	1994	7956452
extraction of beta-lactamase from moraxella catarrhalis.		1994	7961208
in-vitro activity of four new fluoroquinolones.	the in-vitro activities of four new fluoroquinolones, e-4749, e-4874, e-4884 and e-4904, were compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 1106 clinical isolates. against majority of enterobacteriaceae, general antibacterial activities of e-4749 (mic90s 0.06-1 mg/l), e-4874 (mic90s, 0.03-0.25 mg/l) and e-4884 (mic90s 0.01-0.5 mg/l) were comparable or slightly lower than those of ciproloxacin (mic90s 0.01-0.25 mg/l) and sparfloxacin (mic90s 0.01-1 mg/l). the activity of e-4904 (mi ...	1994	7961215
molecular cloning and characterization of outer membrane protein e of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	outer membrane protein e (omp e) is a 50-kda protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. it is a potential vaccine antigen because it is expressed on the surface of the bacterium and has antigenic determinants which are conserved among most strains of m. catarrhalis. to clone the gene encoding omp e, an embl-3 genomic library of strain 25240 was screened with a family of degenerate oligonucleotides based on the amino-terminal protein sequence. the omp e gene was identified in one of the six ...	1994	7961416
association of gm allotypes with the antibody response to the outer membrane proteins of a common upper respiratory tract organism, moraxella catarrhalis.	previously, gm allotypes have been shown to influence human serum ig subclass levels as well as the ab levels achieved after ag stimulation. the majority of the latter studies have focused on ab responses to polysaccharide ags. in this study, we have investigated the relationship between gm allotypes and naturally occurring serum ab levels to a bacterial protein ag, the outer membrane proteins of a common microorganism, moraxella catarrhalis. in the sera of 160 patients having chronic/recurrent ...	1994	7963583
branhamella catarrhalis in children and adults. a study of prevalence, time of colonisation, and association with upper and lower respiratory tract infections.	the colonisation rate of branhamella catarrhalis in patients from 0 to 45 years of age was examined. of 561 women admitted to hospital in labour, 6 (1%) carried b. catarrhalis in their throats but none carried the organism in their vaginas. none of 534 newborn babies became colonised at birth or during their 5 days' stay in hospital. neither were 102 neonates < 1 month of age in hospital colonised. the maximum colonisation rate during childhood was observed in children 1-48 months of age with 14 ...	1994	7963631
antimicrobial susceptibility of nasopharyngeal isolates of potential pathogens recovered from infants before antibiotic therapy: implications for the management of otitis media.	antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis recovered from the nasopharynxes of children followed from birth. the bacteria tested were the first potential pathogens isolated from each child before any treatment with antibiotics. minimal inhibitory concentrations of commonly used oral antibiotics demonstrated the following overall rates of resistance for (1) s. pneumoniae: penicillin 1.2% (interme ...	1994	7970948
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis-induced experimental otitis media in the chinchilla.	otitis media was introduced in chinchillas by direct transbullar inoculation with either viable or formalin-inactivated moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. both groups of animals developed middle ear fluids (mef) and severe inflammatory changes in the tubotympanum. pure cultures of m. catarrhalis were recovered for up to 5 days after inoculation from those animals inoculated with viable bacteria. significantly elevated anti-m. catarrhalis antibody titers were detected in post-inoculation sera a ...	1994	7976314
[bacteremial pneumonia caused by moraxella catarrhalis in a neutropenic patient].		1994	7981303
moraxella catarrhalis--an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia in swedish children.	in 284 swedish children with community-acquired, roentgenologically verified pneumonia, antibodies to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were determined in paired serum samples with an enzyme immunoassay using a whole-cell antigen preparation from 10 strains of m. catarrhalis. only 9 children (3%) had significant increases in antibodies to m. catarrhalis. among these 9 children, 11-39 months of age, 6 had serologic evidence of concurrent infection with other respiratory pathogens such as s. pne ...	1994	7984970
[clinical microbiological study of sputum and aspirates from larynx or trachea. an evaluation of exact criteria for assessment by direct microscopy].	a prospective study of specimens of lower airway secretions was carried out in order to investigate the association of specimen quality and results of microbiological culture. the quality of expectorates (exp) or aspirates from larynx/trachea (alt) was assessed on the basis of numbers per low power field (< 1, 1-10, 11-25, and > 25) of squamous epithelial cells (sec) and leukocytes, respectively. specimens were classified as either acceptable, a (< or = 10 sec), partly acceptable, b (11-25 sec, ...	1994	7985258
[a clinicobacteriologic study on sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric sinusitis].	we carried out clinical and bacteriological studies on sultamicillin (sbtpc) in pediatric sinusitis at 10 general practice settings. the results are summarized as follows. 1. the major isolated organisms from purulent nasal discharges were streptococcus pneumoniae 27.5%, haemophilus influenzae 32.4% and moraxella catarrhalis 9.9%. similar results were observed for the major isolates from nasopharynx. 2. 33% of the isolated s. pneumoniae were penicillin-insensitive s. pneumoniae (pisp) against wh ...	1994	7990263
cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of sinusitis. a review.	cefuroxime axetil is a beta-lactamase-stable, second-generation, oral cephalosporin that penetrates sinus tissue in concentrations exceeding the mic90 values (the minimum concentration of drug needed to inhibit the growth of 90% of an isolate of a particular microorganism) for pathogens most commonly associated with acute sinusitis, including streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. a review of all clinical data published to date demonstrates that cefuroxime axetil has been evaluated ...	1994	7994439
experimental evidence for moraxella-induced penicillin neutralization in pneumococcal pneumonia.	resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents is an increasing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. in mixed infections, an interesting development can arise when one organism protects another from being killed by an antibiotic. unfortunately, in the case of respiratory tract infections, experimental evidence of this development is poor. in this study, mice intranasally infected with a lethal number of pneumococci and treated with a curative dose of penicillin or amoxicillin d ...	1994	7996007
otitis media: microbiology and management.	otitis media (om) is a common childhood disease and one that can cause significant morbidity. a knowledge of the pathogens responsible for om can assist in the selection of the most appropriate treatment regimen and can minimize complications that may require surgery. the microbiology of acute, serous, and chronic om is reviewed. the major organisms recovered from about three quarters of acute om and half of serous om cultures are haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella c ...	1994	7996627
a numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of the genus neisseria.	a numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of 315 strains of neisseria and some allied bacteria examined for 155 phenotypic tests showed 31 groups, most of which were reasonably distinct. these fell into four major areas. areas a, b and c contained species of neisseria, whereas area d contained the organisms known as 'false neisserias' together with branhamella, moraxella and kingella species. area a contained n. gonorrhoeae (which showed two subgroups), n. meningitidis (with two subgroups, and n. c ...	1994	8000550
[antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against clinical isolates obtained from outpatients].	to examine the antimicrobial activity of cefditoren (cdtr) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients at this hospital from november, 1993 to february, 1994, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined including those of the control drugs. the results were as follows: 1. cdtr showed strong antimicrobial activities against staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae. the mics of cdtr against benzylpenicillin-insensitive or -r ...	1994	7807697
an in vitro characterization of cefditoren, a new oral cephalosporin.	cefditoren (me 1206) is a new cephalosporin available for oral administration as the pivaloyloxymethyl ester (me 1207). the effect of medium formulation. ph, cation concentration and inoculum on the in vitro activity of cefditoren was investigated prior to determining its comparative antibacterial potency against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates, its bactericidal activity against susceptible strains and the duration of its post-antibiotic effect (pae). cefditoren was shown to possess ...	1994	7813385
use of api nh system for identification of moraxella catarrhalis.		1994	7814516
[oropharyngeal flora. epidemiologic survey of prevalence].	epidemiological surveys which are not frequently carried out in medical practice should provide useful information for the choice of antibiotics to be prescribed in community-acquired infections particularly with the recent development of therapeutic difficulties due to resistant strains. we therefore analyzed the prevalent pharyngeal flora in a general patient population.	1994	7831228
evaluation of opc-17116 against important pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections.	the antibacterial activity of opc-17116, a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, against important pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. the pharmacokinetic profiles of opc-17116 were studied in both mice and rats given the drug orally at doses of 50 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. opc-17116 showed a high degree of distribution in the lung tissues of both species, wi ...	1994	7840567
in vitro activities of 12 orally administered antimicrobial agents against four species of bacterial respiratory pathogens from u.s. medical centers in 1992 and 1993.	clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and moraxella catarrhalis were gathered from 19 different clinical laboratories throughout the continental united states. the in vitro activities of 12 orally administered antimicrobial agents were compared by broth microdilution tests with 3,151 bacterial isolates. among 890 h. influenzae isolates, 30% were capable of producing beta-lactamase enzymes (12 to 41% in different medical centers). most of t ...	1994	7840581
[respiratory tract infections: how frequent is antibiotic resistance? in vitro activity of older and recent antibiotics against the significant pathogens].	presumably influenced by the new cost-saving health care regulations, more of the long-established antibiotics are now being prescribed. this fact prompted the present study on the current resistance profiles of such antibiotics used to treat major pathogens responsible for airway infections. a total of 202 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were investigated. sensitivity was determined using the agar dilution test for do ...	1994	7843673
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics.	the aim of our study was to re-evaluate the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. the study drugs were cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefprozil, and the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (= augmentin). in addition, cefotaxime as the standard agent of parenteral third generation cephalosporins was examined. the organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus, s ...	1994	7843823
bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx predicts very early onset and persistence of otitis media in australian aboriginal infants.	otitis media (om) develops in the first months of life and persists throughout childhood in many rural aboriginal children. we have followed aboriginal and non-aboriginal infants from birth to determine the relationship of the early onset of om to nasopharyngeal colonization with respiratory pathogens. aboriginal infants were colonized with multiple species of respiratory bacteria (moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae) at a rate of 5% per day and the timing of ...	1994	7845752
disk diffusion versus broth microdilution susceptibility testing of haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis using seven oral antimicrobial agents: application of updated susceptibility guidelines of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards.	susceptibility testing of haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis is medium and inoculum dependent. seven oral agents, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefaclor, loracarbef, cefuroxime-axetil, cefixime, and erythromycin, were tested against 400 beta-lactamase-positive and -negative clinically significant respiratory strains of haemophilus species and 100 strains of m. catarrhalis. sources of the strains included teaching and regional hospitals and a private laboratory. all strains ...	1994	7852573
pneumonia in a nursing home.	the authors studied nursing home residents serologically to determine whether atypical organisms were causes of radiologic pneumonia. the study was conducted at the wisconsin veterans home, a facility with on-site microbiology and x-ray. over one year, serologic examinations for legionella, mycoplasma, and chlamydia were conducted for the residents who had pneumonia. cultures and mortality were reviewed. fifty-six episodes were studied (mean resident age 78 years). there was no fourfold titer ch ...	1994	7853075
[pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran in children].	pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran (czop) were performed in children. the results were as followed: 1. a total of 13 patients were treated with czop. the tested dose was 20 mg/kg (50 mg/kg in maxillary sinusitis), and the drug administered via intravenous bolus injection or 30-minute intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily, for 3-11 days. clinical efficacies of czop in 13 patients with bacterial infections (11 with pneumonia, 1 with otitis media and 1 with maxill ...	1994	7853676
[pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran in the field of pediatrics].	blood and urine levels of cefozopran (czop) were determined, and its efficacy and safety profile was evaluated in the field of pediatrics. the results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. blood levels of czop peaked in 30 minutes to 1 hour (initial blood collection) after intravenous administration at a dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg. its blood levels at 6 hours after intravenous administration were 1.6 micrograms/ml (hplc) or 1.9 micrograms/ml (bioassay) at a dose of 20 mg/kg and 2.9 to 9.1 micr ...	1994	7853687
influenza complicated by moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia.		1994	7854902
significance of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in routine cultures from the respiratory tract in adults: antibody response studied in a whole cell eia.	the significance of the isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum or nasopharynx was studied in patients treated at an infectious disease clinic. a whole-cell enzyme immunoassay was used to detect a specific antibody response to m. catarrhalis during infection. in all, 27 patients with respiratory tract infections and 4 with other infections were studied. titre rises were recorded in 11/23 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, whereas patients with common cold or infections else ...	1994	7855552
[microbiological aspects of antibiotics with immunomodulating action].	through the introduction of a 7-mercapto-1,3-thiazole chain at position 3' of the dihydrothiazine ring, cefodizime, which is structurally similar to cefotaxime, has acquired a number of remarkable immunomodulatory properties while retaining a potent antimicrobial spectrum of activity. cefodizime penetrates in fact readily through the bacterial cell wall and interacts with its molecular targets in such a way that at high concentrations cell death and lysis are rapidly induced. its spectrum of act ...	1994	7861204
rapid identification of pathogenic neisserias using the identicult-neisseria test.	a rapid enzymatic method using chromogenic substrates for the rapid identification of pathogenic neisseria (identicult-neisseria, scott laboratories inc., ca, usa) was tested in parallel with the rapid carbohydrate utilization test (rcut) and the phadebact monoclonal gc test against 198 consecutive clinical isolates of oxidase-positive gram-negative diplococci (118 neisseria gonorrhoeae, 76 n. meningitidis and four n. lactamica). on initial testing the identicult-neisseria gave a 95% overall con ...	1994	7765397
pulmonary penetration of dirithromycin in patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of dirithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, in bronchial secretions (bs), bronchial mucosa (bm), epithelial lining fluid (elf) and serum in 25 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis after a 5-day, once-daily, dirithromycin regimen. all patients received dirithromycin, 500 mg (two 250 mg tablets) given orally once daily at 08.00 fasted, for 5 consecutive days. they were divided into five groups (n = 5 in each group) accord ...	1994	7549225
structural studies of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype a (strain atcc 25238).	the polysaccharide of the moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype a lipopolysaccharide was prepared by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel permeation chromatography. the structure was established by methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. it is concluded that the o-antigenic polysaccharide has the following structure. [formula see text] methylation analysis of the intact lipopolysaccharide showed that the lipid a portion consisted of 6-substituted glucosamine residue ...	1994	7516823
stability in the presence of widespread beta-lactamases. a prerequisite for the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam drugs.	bacterial resistance to the beta-lactam drugs is extremely widespread, as a result of extensive drug use. loss of susceptibility is primarily attributable to hydrolysis by inactivating enzymes, namely the beta-lactamases. while the number of characterised beta-lactamases may exceed 100, only a few are a problem in the treatment of community-acquired infections (tem-1, tem-2, shv-1, bro-1). chromosomally mediated and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are usually dominant in nosocomial pathogens w ...	1994	7518761
phylogenetic relationships between some members of the genera neisseria, acinetobacter, moraxella, and kingella based on partial 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis.	we obtained 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequence data for strains belonging to 11 species of proteobacteria, including the type strains of kingella kingae, neisseria lactamica, neisseria meningitidis, moraxella lacunata subsp. lacunata, [neisseria] ovis, moraxella catarrhalis, moraxella osloensis, [moraxella] phenylpyruvica, and acinetobacter lwoffii, as well as strains of neisseria subflava and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the data in a distance matrix constructed by comparing the sequences suppor ...	1994	7520730
a large, antigenically conserved protein on the surface of moraxella catarrhalis is a target for protective antibodies.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) to moraxella catarrhalis o35e bound to a surface-exposed epitope of a proteinaceous antigen of this organism. the antigen, designated uspa, was present in every strain of the pathogen tested in a colony blot ria. uspa had a molecular mass on sds-page that varied between 300 and 400 kda, depending on the individual m. catarrhalis strain. passive immunization of mice with the uspa-reactive mab enhanced pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis. use of this mab to screen a m ...	1994	7523537
roxithromycin. an update of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use.	roxithromycin is a derivative of the macrolide antibacterial erythromycin with in vitro antibacterial activity resembling that of the parent compound. the drug has activity against some staphylococcus spp., many streptococcus spp., moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and chlamydia trachomatis as well as many less common organisms. measured using recently proposed guidelines, roxithromycin has in vitro activity against haemophilus influenzae. in comp ...	1994	7527329
influence of gm allotype on the igg subclass response to streptococcal m protein and outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis.	the igg antibody response to streptococcal m protein is distributed between the igg1 and igg3 subclasses, however individual sera vary with respect to the relative amounts of these two subclasses. the basis of this variation was investigated. sera were also analysed for igg subclass antibodies to the outer membrane proteins (omp) of moraxella catarrhalis, as these have also been reported to have a major igg3 component. the mean percentage of igg3 was higher in the antibody response to omp and th ...	1994	7529743
maternal antibodies and acquired serological response to moraxella catarrhalis in children determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for determination of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to moraxella catarrhalis was developed, with an ultrasonic extract of m. catarrhalis immobilized on polystyrene microtiter plates serving as the antigen. the specificity was determined by adsorption tests. all of the 541 women tested showed a high level of maternal igg antibodies to m. catarrhalis in umbilical cord blood specimens. one hundred eighty-nine children aged 0 to 15 years were exa ...	1994	8556485
[in vitro antibacterial activities of broad spectrum quinolones against clinical bacterial isolates].	in vitro activities of broad-spectrum quinolones (sparfloxacin (spfx), ciprofloxacin (cpfx), lomefloxacin (lflx), fleroxacin (flrx), and levofloxacin (lvfx) were examined against clinical bacterial isolates: klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus pneumoniae). antibacterial activit ...	1994	8114270
characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis. structural analysis of the lipid a from m. catarrhalis serotype a lipopolysaccharide.	the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis serotype a (atcc 25238) was found to consist of a short-chain oligosaccharide attached to a lipid a moiety. composition and nmr analyses showed the oligosaccharide component in o-deacylated lps to be composed of d-glucose, d-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid in the molar ratio of 5:2:1:2. in addition, the lipid a region contained phosphate, d-glucosamine, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and deca ...	1994	8119289
rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces.	immunohistochemical analysis of challenge sites such as skin and the peritoneal cavity has identified neutrophils as virtually the sole cellular participants in acute bacterial inflammation, peak influx occurring 24-48 h in advance of mononuclear cell populations associated with adaptive immunity. this study challenges the general applicability of this paradigm. we demonstrate here that the earliest detectable cellular response after inhalation of moraxella catarrhalis organisms is the recruitme ...	1994	8145044
genetic diversity of the iron-binding protein (fbp) gene of the pathogenic and commensal neisseria.	the pathogenic neisseria and most commensal neisseria species produce an iron-binding protein (fbp) when grown under iron-limited conditions. in the current study, we confirmed the presence of fbp, as well as dna sequences homologous to the gonococcal fbp, in strains of n. gonorrhoeae, n. meningitidis, n. cinerea, n. lactamica, n. subflava, n. kochii and n. polysaccharea. the fbp genes from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, digested with stui or rsai, and the restric ...	1994	8150256
effect of inoculum size on the in-vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of moraxella catarrhalis isolates of different beta-lactamase types.	the effect of inoculum size on the results of agar dilution mic tests was assessed for 20 moraxella catarrhalis isolates with bro-1 enzyme, 20 with bro-2 enzyme and 15 isolates that did not produce beta-lactamase. the compounds tested were ampicillin, coamoxiclav, cefaclor, cefixime and cefetamet, and the inocula were 10(4), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/spot. the mics of ampicillin for bro-1 and bro-2 producers were consistently higher than those for non-producers at inocula of 10(7) cfu/spot but ...	1994	8151675
[branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia].		1994	8152104
differences in complement activation between complement-resistant and complement-sensitive moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains occur at the level of membrane attack complex formation.	the mechanism of resistance to human complement-mediated killing in moraxella catarrhalis was studied by comparing different complement-sensitive and complement-resistant m. catarrhalis strains in a functional bystander hemolysis assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for soluble terminal complement complexes. complement-resistant stains appeared to activate complement to the same extent as, or even slightly better than, complement-sensitive strains. this indicates that complemen ...	1994	8300216
[antimicrobial activities of cefuroxime against recent clinical isolates].	antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime axetil (cxm-ax) was compared with those of other cephem antibiotics against clinically isolated strains obtained mainly from outpatients of our center in a period from january to september of 1990 and 1993. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined and the following results were obtained. 1. the results suggested that, compared with reports of studies conducted with clinical isolates in early 1980's, mic80 of cxm were equal to or lower against staphyl ...	1994	8201767
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ...	1994	8205935
use of serology to diagnose pneumonia caused by nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	antibodies against nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were measured by elisa in paired sera from 158 adult patients with pneumonia. a mixture of 10 clinical isolates of each species was used as antigen. eleven patients (7%) showed significant increases in antibody to h. influenzae. in 3 of them, the organism was isolated from transtracheal aspirate and in another 7 from sputum, nasopharynx, or both. six patients with nonencapsulated h. influenzae in tr ...	1994	8014504
immune response to moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media: opsonophagocytosis with antigen-coated latex beads.	opsonic antibody activity against moraxella catarrhalis was determined in sera from children with otitis media. the antibody was determined with a new assay utilizing outer membrane antigen-coated latex beads. antigen-coated beads opsonized in heat-inactivated pooled human serum phagocytosed 47.5 +/- 36.1 beads per 100 neutrophils compared to 15.6 +/- 10.2 beads per 100 neutrophils opsonized in hypogammaglobulinemic serum (p < .025). antigen-coated beads opsonized in homologous sera from 11 chil ...	1994	8024214
[comparative antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis].	the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime (podomexef, cas 80210-62-4) against 236 clinical isolates of h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated and compared with that of another 8 commonly used oral antibiotics. beta-lactamase negative, beta-lactamase positive and multiresistant strains of h. influenzae were inhibited by cefpodoxime at a concentration of 0.13 mg/l. 10% of moraxella catarrhalis isolates were moderately susceptible ...	1994	8024645