Publications

development and qtl assessment of triticum aestivum-aegilops tauschii introgression lines.	a set of 84 bread wheat lines, each containing a single homozygous introgression of the aegilops tauschii genome was produced in the 'chinese spring' background via backcrossing of the d-genome chromosome substitution lines 'chinese spring'/sears's 'synthetic 6x' with the recurrent parent and subsequent selfing. the development of the lines was accompanied by microsatellite marker assisted selection. with the exception of three telomeric regions at chromosomes 1dl, 4dl and 7ds, and a region of l ...	2006	16341683
transcriptome analysis of salinity stress responses in common wheat using a 22k oligo-dna microarray.	in this study, we constructed a 22k wheat oligo-dna microarray. a total of 148,676 expressed sequence tags of common wheat were collected from the database of the wheat genomics consortium of japan. these were grouped into 34,064 contigs, which were then used to design an oligonucleotide dna microarray. following a multistep selection of the sense strand, 21,939 60-mer oligo-dna probes were selected for attachment on the microarray slide. this 22k oligo-dna microarray was used to examine the tra ...	2006	16328439
osmotic regulation of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes at soil water deficits.	drought is a worldwide problem, seriously influencing plant (crop) productivity. wheat is a stable food for 35% of the world population, moreover about 60% of land area on the globe belongs to arid and semi-arid zone. wheat drought resistance is a multi-gene-controlling quantitative character and wheat final production in field is realized mainly by physiological regulation under the condition of multi-environmental factor interaction. exploring drought resistance physiological mechanisms for di ...	2006	16413760
triticum aestivum shows a greater biomass response to a supply of aluminium phosphate than lupinus albus, despite releasing fewer carboxylates into the rhizosphere.	the relationship between carboxylate release and the ability of plants to access phosphorus from alpo4 and to detoxify aluminium was studied by comparing species with a low and high rate of carboxylate release, triticum aestivum (wheat) and lupinus albus (white lupin), respectively. species were supplied with p at 10, 20, 40 or 100 mg p kg-1 sand in the form of sparingly soluble alpo4 or soluble kh2po4; control plants did not receive any p. triticum aestivum was significantly better than l. albu ...	2006	16411954
combined agronomic and physiological aspects of nitrogen management in wheat highlight a central role for glutamine synthetase.	in wheat the period of grain filling is characterized by a transition for all vegetative organs from sink to source status. to study this transition, the progression of physiological markers and enzyme activities representative of nitrogen metabolism was monitored from the vegetative stage to maturity in different leaf stages and stem sections of two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars grown at high and low levels of n fertilization. in the two cultivars examined, we found a general decrease of ...	2006	16411930
water uptake by roots of hordeum marinum: formation of a barrier to radial o2 loss does not affect root hydraulic conductivity.	the adventitious roots of hordeum marinum grown in stagnant deoxygenated solution contain a barrier to radial o2 loss (rol) in basal zones, whereas roots of plants grown in aerated solution do not. the present experiments assessed whether induction of the barrier to rol influences root hydraulic conductivity (lpr). wheat (triticum aestivum) was also studied since, like h. marinum, this species forms aerenchyma in stagnant conditions, but does not form a barrier to rol. plants were grown in eithe ...	2006	16410258
arabinoxylan and (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan deposition in cell walls during wheat endosperm development.	arabinoxylans (ax) and (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucans are major components of wheat endosperm cell walls. their chemical heterogeneity has been described but little is known about the sequence of their deposition in cell walls during endosperm development. the time course and pattern of deposition of the (1-->3) and (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucans and ax in the endosperm cell walls of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. recital) during grain development was studied using specific antibodies. at approxima ...	2006	16404577
alpha-gliadin genes from the a, b, and d genomes of wheat contain different sets of celiac disease epitopes.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is an important staple food. however, wheat gluten proteins cause celiac disease (cd) in 0.5 to 1% of the general population. among these proteins, the alpha-gliadins contain several peptides that are associated to the disease.	2006	16403227
mixed-model qtl mapping for kernel hardness and dough strength in bread wheat.	plant breeding data comprise unbalanced phenotypic data for inbreds with complex pedigrees. as traditional methods to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) cannot exploit plant breeding data, an alternative approach is qtl mapping via a mixed-model procedure. our objective was to validate mixed-model qtl mapping for self-pollinated crops by detecting qtl for kernel hardness and dough strength from data in a bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding program. we studied 80 parental and 373 experimen ...	2006	16402188
alleviation of photoinhibition in drought-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum) by foliar-applied glycinebetaine.	effects of foliar application of 100 mmol/l glycinebetaine (gb) on ps ii photochemistry in wheat (triticum aestivum) flag leaves under drought stress combined with high irradiance were investigated. the results show that gb-treated plants maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate during drought stress than non-gb treated plants. exogenous gb can preserve the photochemical activity of psii, for gb-treated plants maintain higher maximal photochemistry efficiency of psii (f(v)/f(m)) and recover m ...	2006	16399007
diversity arrays technology (dart) for high-throughput profiling of the hexaploid wheat genome.	despite a substantial investment in the development of panels of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers, the simple sequence repeat (ssr) technology with a limited multiplexing capability remains a standard, even for applications requiring whole-genome information. diversity arrays technology (dart) types hundreds to thousands of genomic loci in parallel, as previously demonstrated in a number diploid plant species. here we show that dart performs similarly well for the hexaploid genome of ...	2006	17033786
metabolite profiling of wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) from organic and conventional agriculture.	in some european community countries up to 8% of the agricultural area is managed organically. the aim was to obtain a metabolite profile for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains grown under comparable organic and conventional conditions. these conditions cannot be found in plant material originating from different farms or from products purchased in supermarkets. wheat grains from a long-term biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming system from the harvest 2003 from switzerland were anal ...	2006	17032043
the introgression of chromosome 6p specifying for increased numbers of florets and kernels from agropyron cristatum into wheat.	a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) line 4844 with superior numbers of florets and grains per spike was derived from the cross between fukohokomugi wheat and agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. in order to determine the genetic control of floret and kernel number per spike in this line, chromosome addition and substitution lines that were derived from line 4844 were characterized by means of in situ hybridization, microsatellite (ssr), and gliadin analyses. genomic in situ hybridization analysis with bi ...	2006	17031609
molecular analysis, cytogenetics and fertility of introgression lines from transgenic wheat to aegilops cylindrica host.	natural hybridization and backcrossing between aegilops cylindrica and triticum aestivum can lead to introgression of wheat dna into the wild species. hybrids between ae. cylindrica and wheat lines bearing herbicide resistance (bar), reporter (gus), fungal disease resistance (kp4), and increased insect tolerance (gna) transgenes were produced by pollination of emasculated ae. cylindrica plants. f1 hybrids were backcrossed to ae. cylindrica under open-pollination conditions, and first backcrosses ...	2006	17028347
types and rates of sequence evolution at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus in hexaploid wheat and its ancestral genomes.	the glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to triticeae genomes. to understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. comparing each glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the d gen ...	2006	17028342
physiological characterization of two genes for na+ exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2.	durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum desf.) line 149 contains two novel major genes for excluding na(+) from leaf blades, named nax1 and nax2. the genes were separated into families containing a single gene and near-isogenic homozygous lines were selected. lines containing either nax1 or nax2 had lower rates of na(+) transport from roots to shoots than their near-isogenic pairs due to lower rates of net loading of the xylem, not to lower rates of net uptake from the soil or higher rate ...	2006	17028150
[a comparison of two existing catalogues of the alleles of gliadin-coding loci in winter common wheat].	two catalogs of alleles of gliadin-coding loci, controlling synthesis of a storage protein of wheat caryopsis, gliadin, were compared. one catalogue comprises the alleles detected according to the electrophoretic patterns in starch gels; the other, in polyacrylamide gels. determination of the allelic state of gliadin-coding loci in 31 previously not studied cultivars of winter common wheat allowed us to construct a matching system for the alleles compiled in the two catalogs, which gives the pos ...	2006	17025161
molecular cytogenetic analyses of hexaploid lines spontaneously appearing in octoploid triticale.	genome characterization of 14 hexaploid lines that spontaneously appeared in octoploid triticales was carried out by sequential genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, high molecular weight glutenin subunits and ssr marker analyses. all of the lines showed a chromosome constitution of complete a and b genomes, and a composite genome consisting of the chromosomes of d and r genomes. the composite genome of the 11 lines consisted of chromosomes 1r, 2d, 3r, 4r, 5r, 6r ...	2006	17016687
characterizing the composition and evolution of homoeologous genomes in hexaploid wheat through bac-end sequencing on chromosome 3b.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. however, because of its large, hexaploid, highly repetitive genome it is a challenge to develop efficient means for molecular analysis and genetic improvement in wheat. to better understand the composition and molecular evolution of the hexaploid wheat homoeologous genomes and to evaluate the potential of bac-end sequences (bes) for marker development, we have followed a chromosome-specific strategy and generated 11 mb ...	2006	17010109
phosphoproteomic profiling of wheat callus labelled in vivo.	callus is an important intermediate tissue for the propagation of plants through tissue culture, as it can form new shoots, and hence plants, through somatic embryogenesis, a process whose underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. the involvement of kinases suggests that signalling through phosphorylation cascades may play an important role. in this report methods for labelling wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus phosphoproteins in vivo through the uptake of [(32)p]orthophosphate ...	2006	25193646
frozen in time: a new method using cryo-scanning electron microscopy to visualize root-fungal interactions.	a new method of sample preparation for cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize internal infection of wheat (triticum aestivum) roots by the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani ag-8. the new method retained fungal hyphae and root cells in situ in disintegrating root tissues, thus avoiding the distortions that can be introduced by conventional preparation by chemical fixation, dehydration and embedding. infected roots frozen in liquid nitrogen were cryo-planed and etched (sublimed ...	2006	16995923
an early auxin-responsive aux/iaa gene from wheat (triticum aestivum) is induced by epibrassinolide and differentially regulated by light and calcium.	the plant hormone auxin plays a central role in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. this largely occurs as a consequence of changes in gene expression. the aux/iaa genes are best characterized among the early auxin-responsive genes, which encode short-lived transcriptional repressors. in most plants examined, including arabidopsis, soybean, and rice, the aux/iaa genes constitute a large gene family. by screening the available databases, at least 15 expressed sequence tags (e ...	2006	17077182
morphological, yield, cytological and molecular characterization of a bread wheat x tritordeum f1 hybrid.	the morphological, yield, cytological and molecular characteristics of bread wheat x tritordeum f(1) hybrids (2n = 6x = 42; aabbdh(ch)) and their parents were analysed. morphologically, these hybrids resembled the wheat parent. they were slightly bigger than both parents, had more spikelets per spike, and tillered more profusely. the hybrids are self-fertile but a reduction of average values of yield parameters was observed. for the cytological approach we used a double-target fluorescence in si ...	2006	17072081
microbial endoxylanases: effective weapons to breach the plant cell-wall barrier or, rather, triggers of plant defense systems?	endo-beta-1,4-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8) are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the predominant hemicellulose in the cell walls of plants and the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth. a number of endoxylanases are produced by microbial phytopathogens responsible for severe crop losses. these enzymes are considered to play an important role in phytopathogenesis, as they provide essential means to the attacking organism to break through the plant cell wall. plants have evolved numerous d ...	2006	17022171
single-nucleotide polymorphism frequency in a set of selected lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	information on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in hexaploid bread wheat is still scarce. the goal of this study was to detect snps in wheat and examine their frequency. twenty-six bread wheat lines from different origins worldwide were used. specific pcr-products were obtained from 21 genes and directly sequenced. snps were discovered from the alignment of these sequences. the overall sequence polymorphism observed in this sample appears to be low; 64 single-base polymorphisms were detect ...	2006	17110993
physical mapping of the blue-grained gene(s) from thinopyrum ponticum by gish and fish in a set of translocation lines with different seed colors in wheat.	the original blue-grained wheat, blue 58, was a substitution line derived from hybridization between common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, abd) and tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum liu & wang=agropyron elongatum, 2n=10x=70, ststeeebex), in which one pair of 4d chromosomes was replaced by a pair of alien 4ag chromosomes (unknown group 4 chromosome from a. ponticum). blue aleurone might be a useful cytological marker in chromosome engineering and wheat breeding. cytogenetic analysis sh ...	2006	17110991
variation of wheat root exudates under aluminum stress.	the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar yangzhou 158 was used as a reference. the wheat root exudates were collected using a hydroponic mode. the changes of the electrolytes, h+, sugar, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in wheat root exudates induced by aluminum (al) were studied. the research results show that al stress affects wheat root exudation. the secreted electrolytes and sugar increase with the increasing of the external al3+ concentration. the total amount of secr ...	2006	17177539
effect of lanthanum ions (la3+) on ferritin-regulated antioxidant process under peg stress.	the physiological effects of lanthanum(iii) ions on the ferritin-regulated antioxidant process were studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings under polyethylene glycol (peg) stress. treatment with 0.1 mm la3+ resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, ascorbate, and reduced glutathione. the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase were also i ...	2006	17194921
[transfer of a rye small chromosomal segment with powdery mildew-resistant gene(s) into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	the advanced progeny lines (bc1f5) from the monosomic addition lines between common wheat cultivar mianyang 11, which is highly susceptible to powdery mildew, and an inbred rye line r12 were analyzed for selection of wheat-rye translocations. based on a rye-specific repetitive sequence of psc20h, which spread over all chromosomes of rye but did not existed in wheat, a set of pcr primer was designed and used to identify the rye chromosome segments in wheat. from 300 of the bc1f5 progeny lines 70 ...	2006	17098708
wheat-fibre-induced changes of postprandial peptide yy and ghrelin responses are not associated with acute alterations of satiety.	weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes are inversely associated with a high intake of insoluble cereal fibres. because nutrient-induced changes of 'satiety hormones' from the gut may play a role in this process, we evaluated the effects of purified insoluble fibres on postprandial responses of plasma peptide yy (pyy), serum ghrelin and satiety as secondary outcome measures of a study investigating effects of cereal fibres on parameters of glucose metabolism. fourteen healthy women were studied ...	2006	17092365
interactions of wheat variety, production environments, and prior insect damage on postharvest resistance to the lesser grain borer.	wheat, triticum aestivum l., varietal resistance to the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f), was evaluated in hard spring wheat produced in 2001 and 2002 (bozeman, moccasin, and huntley, mt). we tested the hypothesis that seed coat factors, not the endosperm, cause feeding resistance to r. dominica and that this resistance is genetic, not affected by agronomic conditions. using a rapid, intensive feeding bioassay (frass production), we found, with one exception, no significant differenc ...	2006	17066819
hyperspectral spectrometry as a means to differentiate uninfested and infested winter wheat by greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae).	although spectral remote sensing techniques have been used to study many ecological variables and biotic and abiotic stresses to agricultural crops over decades, the potential use of these techniques for greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae) infestations and damage to wheat, triticum aestivum l., under field conditions is unknown. hence, this research was conducted to investigate: 1) the applicability and feasibility of using a portable narrow-banded (hyperspectral) remo ...	2006	17066799
introgression of an imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) into jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host).	imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is being commercialized in the usa. this technology allows wheat growers to selectively control jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host), a weed that is especially problematic because of its close genetic relationship with wheat. however, the potential movement of the imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat to jointed goatgrass is a concern. winter wheat and jointed goatgrass have the d genome in common and can hybridize and ...	2006	17058103
construction of a primary rh panel of italian ryegrass genome via uv-induced protoplast fusion.	symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids were produced via protoplast fusion between common wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cv. "jinan 177" and italian ryegrass ( lolium multiflorum lam.). the ryegrass without or with uv irradiation was used as a donor, providing a small amount of chromatin. in these somatic hybrids, most ryegrass chromosomes have been confirmed preferential elimination and the somatic hybrid calli and plants showed wheat-like morphology. some of the hybrid lines were used for the ...	2006	16883487
comparative mapping of genes for glume colouration and pubescence in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	microsatellite markers were used to map the major genes bg (determining black glume colour), rg1 and rg3 (red glume), and a locus determining smokey-grey coloured glume to the distal ends of the short arms of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, proximally (or closely linked) to xgwm1223 and distal to xgwm0033. on this basis, we propose that these genes represent a set of homoeoloci, designated rg-a1, rg-b1, and rg-d1. rg3 and bg appear to be variant alleles of rg-a1. both rg3 and bg are closel ...	2006	16874490
[identification of efficient leaf-rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) using sts markers].	molecular sts markers j13, gb, and j09 were used for screening wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions previously found to possess leaf-rust resistance genes according to test crosses or phytopathological tests. specific amplicons were detected in all accessions assumed to possess the lr9 gene, in nine of ten accessions with the conjectured lr19 gene, and in 13 of 29 accessions with the conjectured lr24 gene. application of sts markers to identification of accessions possessing efficient leaf-ru ...	2006	16871786
[production of wheat-rye substitution lines and identification of chromosome composition of karyotypes using c-banding, gish, and ssr markers].	based on the cross (triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l.) x t. aestivum l., wheat-rye substitution lines (2n = 42) were produced with karyotypes containing, instead of a pair of homologous wheat chromosomes, a homeologous pair of rye chromosomes. the chromosome composition of these lines was described by gish and c-banding methods, and ssr analysis. the results of genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that karyotype of these lines included one pair of rye chromosomes each and lacked whe ...	2006	16871784
[snp markers: methods of analysis, ways of development, and comparison on an example of common wheat].	snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which belong to the last-generation molecular markers, occur at high frequencies in both animal and plant genomes. the development of snp markers allows to automatize and enhance tenfolds the effectiveness of genotype analysis. this review summarizes literature data on methods of snp polymorphism analysis. various methods of developing snp markers are considered, taking common wheat triticum aestivum l. as an example. these markers are compared to other dn ...	2006	16871776
abscisic acid and ethylene interact in wheat grains in response to soil drying during grain filling.	grain filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by soil drying and plant hormones. this study investigated how the interaction between abscisic acid (aba) and ethylene is involved in mediating the effects of soil drying on grain filling in wheat (triticum aestivum). two wheat cultivars, cv. yangmai 6 and cv. yangmai 11, were field-grown, and three irrigation treatments, well-watered, moderately soil-dried (md) and severely soil-dried (sd), were imposed from 9 d post anthesis until ...	2006	16866937
pm34: a new powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from aegilops tauschii coss. to common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	powdery mildew is a major fungal disease in wheat growing areas worldwide. a novel source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew present in the germplasm line nc97bgtd7 was genetically characterized as a monogenic trait in greenhouse and field trials using f(2) derived lines from a nc97bgtd7 x saluda cross. microsatellite markers were used to map and tag this resistance gene, now designated pm34. three co-dominant microsatellite markers linked to pm34 were identified and their most likely order w ...	2006	16953419
tolerance of photosynthesis to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress in flag leaves of wheat: a comparison between a hybridization line and its parents grown under field conditions.	photosynthesis and its tolerance to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress of flag leaves were investigated in a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hybridization line (1-12) and its parents (jing-411 and xiaoyan-54). from the beginning of flowering to the 10th day, light-saturated co(2) assimilation rate (p(max)) showed no significant decrease and p(max) of 1-12 was comparable to that of its parents. from the 20th day, p(max) decreased significantly and this decrease was much less in 1-1 ...	2006	22980209
characterization of three low-molecular-weight glu-d3 subunit genes in common wheat.	low-molecular-weight glutenins (lmw-gs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are of great importance for processing quality of pan bread and noodles. the objectives of this study are to identify lmw-gs coding genes at glud3 locus on chromosome 1d and to establish relationships between these genes and glud3 alleles (a, b, c, d, and e) defined by protein electrophoretic mobility. specific primer sets were designed to amplify each of the three lmw-gs chromosome 1d gene regions including upstream, ...	2006	16941095
synthesis and characterization of n-acylaniline derivatives as potential chemical hybridizing agents (chas) for wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) are important in heterosis breeding of self-pollinated crops like wheat, wherein the male and female organs are in the same flower. taking a lead from the earlier work on rice, a total of 25 n-acylanilines comprising of malonanilates, acetoacetanilides, and acetanilides (including halogenated acetanilides) were synthesized and screened as chas on three genotypes of wheat, viz., pbw 343, hd 2046, and hd 2733 at 1500 p ...	2006	16939342
construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the physical length of the rye segment of a 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation derived from the cornell wheat selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and found to be 16% of the long arm. the size of this translocation was similar to previously published gish measurements of another 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation in a triticum aestivum 'viking' wheat background. molecular maps of both 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations for 2 differ ...	2006	16936781
development and genetic mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellites (stms) in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the density of ssrs on the published genetic map of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has steadily increased over the last few years. this has improved the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and certain types of genetic research by providing more choice in the quality of ssrs and a greater chance of finding polymorphic markers in any cross for a chromosomal region of interest. increased ssr density on the published wheat genetic map will further enhance breeding and research efforts. here, ...	2006	16932882
heterosis in root development and differential gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. in this study, heterosis was estimated for eight root traits in 20 wheat hybrids derived from a nc design ii mating scheme. positive mid-parent heterosis was detected in 96 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations, and positive high-parent heterosis was detected in 79 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations. improved differential display was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybri ...	2006	16932881
variation in oxygen isotope fractionation during cellulose synthesis: intramolecular and biosynthetic effects.	the oxygen isotopic composition of plant cellulose is commonly used for the interpretations of climate, ecophysiology and dendrochronology in both modern and palaeoenvironments. further applications of this analytical tool depends on our in-depth knowledge of the isotopic fractionations associated with the biochemical pathways leading to cellulose. here, we test two important assumptions regarding isotopic effects resulting from the location of oxygen in the carbohydrate moiety and the biosynthe ...	2006	16930314
sequence upstream of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) almt1 gene and its relationship to aluminum resistance.	aluminum (al) resistance in wheat relies on the al-activated malate efflux from root apices, which appears to be controlled by an al-activated anion transporter encoded by the almt1 gene on chromosome 4dl. genomic regions upstream and downstream of almt1 in 69 wheat lines were characterized to identify patterns that might influence almt1 expression. the first 1,000 bp downstream of almt1 was conserved among the lines examined apart from the presence of a transposon-like sequence which did not co ...	2006	16928694
advanced resources for plant genomics: a bac library specific for the short arm of wheat chromosome 1b.	common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42) is a polyploid species possessing one of the largest genomes among the cultivated crops (1c is approximately 17 000 mb). the presence of three homoeologous genomes (a, b and d), and the prevalence of repetitive dna make sequencing the wheat genome a daunting task. we have developed a novel 'chromosome arm-based' strategy for wheat genome sequencing to simplify this task; this relies on sub-genomic libraries of large dna inserts. in this paper, we ...	2006	16911585
mitochondrial microsatellite variability in common wheat and its ancestral species.	on the basis of the entire mitochondrial dna sequence of common wheat, triticum aestivum, 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci having more than ten mononucleotide repeats were identified. the mitochondrial microsatellite variability at all loci was examined with 43 accessions from 11 triticum and aegilops species involved in wheat polyploidy evolution. polymorphic banding patterns were obtained at 15 out of 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci. the number of alleles per polymorphic microsatellit ...	2006	16905875
homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat.	the vast majority of angiosperms are (or were once) polyploid, and as hexaploid bread wheat has undergone two ploidy events separated by approximately 0.5 million years, it represents an elegant model to study gene silencing over time in polyploids. using an sscp platform, we have analysed patterns of transcriptional silencing (frequency, genome identity and organ specificity) within 236 single-copy genes, each mapping to one locus on one of the three homoeologous chromosomes within groups 1, 2, ...	2006	16899084
development of simple sequence repeat markers specific for the lr34 resistance region of wheat using sequence information from rice and aegilops tauschii.	hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) originated about 8,000 years ago from the hybridization of tetraploid wheat with diploid aegilops tauschii coss. containing the d-genome. thus, the bread wheat d-genome is evolutionary young and shows a low degree of polymorphism in the bread wheat gene pool. to increase marker density around the durable leaf rust resistance gene lr34 located on chromosome 7ds, we used molecular information from the orthologous region in rice. wheat expressed sequence tags ...	2006	16896711
identification of genetic loci associated with ear-emergence in bread wheat.	a doubled haploid population constructed from a cross between the south australian wheat cultivars 'trident' and 'molineux' was grown under winter field conditions, under field conditions over summer and under artificial light both with and without vernalisation. the duration from planting to ear-emergence was recorded and qtl associated with heading date were detected using a previously constructed genetic linkage map. associations were shown with chromosomal regions syntenous to previously ide ...	2006	16896709
molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat pr4 gene family.	five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (pr) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in triticum aestivum. two full-length genes, named wpr4e and wpr4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wpr4f-b. two other pr4 genes (wpr4f-a and wpr4f-c) were isolated by pcr, showing very high sequence identity with wpr4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. transcription start analysis was performed by rlm-race, leading to the isolation o ...	2006	16895481
characterization and expression of 42 mads-box genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	mads-box genes form a large family of transcription factors and play important roles in flower development and organ differentiation in plants. in this study, 42 wheat cdnas encoding putative mads-box genes were isolated. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cdnas represented 12 of the 14 mads-box gene subfamilies. taagl14 and taagl15 formed a new subfamily along with a rice gene osmads32. rt-pcr analysis revealed that these genes had different exprsssion patterns in diff ...	2006	16858583
effects of genotype and environment on the antioxidant properties of hard winter wheat bran.	recent consumer interest in controlling and preventing chronic diseases through improved diet has promoted research on the bioactive components of agricultural products. wheat is an important agricultural and dietary commodity worldwide with known antioxidant properties concentrated mostly in the bran fraction. the objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of genotype (g) and growing environment (e) to hard winter wheat bran antioxidant properties, as well as correlatio ...	2006	16848511
efficient embryogenesis and regeneration in freshly isolated and cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microspores without stress pretreatment.	the major advantage of doubled haploids in plant breeding is the immediate achievement of complete homozygosity. desired genotypes are thus fixed in one generation, reducing time and cost for cultivar or inbred development. among the different technologies to produce doubled haploids, microspore embryogenesis is by far the most common. it usually requires reprogramming of microspores by stress such as cold, heat, and starvation, followed by embryo development under stress-free conditions. we rep ...	2006	16841216
[effects of elicitors on aphid growth and development and on specific genes expression in wheat].	this paper studied the development duration, adult weight, and mean relative growth rate (mrgr) of aphid schizapis graminum, and the specific genes expression in wheat variety 98-10-30 (triticum aestivum) after treated with different elicitors. the results showed that needling penetration, aphid feeding and bth application could shorten the development duration of the aphid and decrease its adult weight, but had no significant effect on aphid mrgr. different elicitors induced different specific ...	2006	16836099
calcium is essential for fructan synthesis induction mediated by sucrose in wheat.	the role of ca(2+) in the induction of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis (fss) mediated by sucrose was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum). increase of fss enzyme activity and induction of the expression of their coding genes by sucrose were inhibited in leaf blades treated with chelating agents (edta, egta and bapta). ca(2+) channel blockers (lanthanum chloride and ruthenium red) also inhibited the fss response to sucrose, suggesting the participation of ca(2+) from both extra- and intra- ...	2006	16835761
tissue expression map of a large number of expressed sequence tags and its application to in silico screening of stress response genes in common wheat.	in order to assess global changes in gene expression patterns in stress-induced tissues, we conducted large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) in common wheat. twenty-one cdna libraries derived from stress-induced tissues, such as callus, as well as liquid cultures and abiotic stress conditions (temperature treatment, desiccation, photoperiod, moisture and aba) were constructed. several thousand colonies were randomly selected from each of these 21 cdna libraries and sequenced from ...	2006	16832693
dissecting a wheat qtl for yield present in a range of environments: from the qtl to candidate genes.	previous studies with 95 bread wheat doubled haploid lines (dhls) from the cross chinese spring (cs)xsq1 trialled over 24 yearxtreatmentxlocations identified major yield quantitative trait loci (qtls) in homoeologous locations on 7al and 7bl, expressed mainly under stressed and non-stressed conditions, respectively. sq1 and cs contributed alleles increasing yield on 7al and 7bl, respectively. the yield component most strongly associated with these qtls was grains per ear. additional results whic ...	2006	16831847
characterization using raman microspectroscopy of arabinoxylans in the walls of different cell types during the development of wheat endosperm.	the time course and pattern of arabinoxylan deposition in the wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm during grain development were studied using raman spectroscopy. the presence of arabinoxylans (ax) is detected at the beginning of grain filling. at this stage, ax appear more substituted than at the later stages. feruloylation of ax increases during the grain-filling stage, especially in the case of the aleurone layer. whatever the stage of grain development, four populations of cells could be defi ...	2006	16819924
genetic characteristic of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in somatic hybrid wheat lines -- potential application to wheat breeding.	analysis of 17 derivatives from a somatic fusion between common wheat (triticum aestivum) and tall wheat grass (thinopyrum ponticum) showed a diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) compositions. on the basis of the inheritance of hmw-gs patterns, the derivatives were either (i) bred true over four successive generations, (ii) generated a few novel hmw-gs combinations at each generation, or (iii) showed highly unstable hmw-gs compositions. hmw-gs analysis of f(5) seed and ea ...	2006	16819909
[inheritance of the foreign gene 1ax1 in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences].	transformation with gene minimal expression cassettes without vector backbone sequence is a new transformation technique. in the current research, the inheritance of the foreign 1ax1 gene cassettes were analyzed in transgenic plants recovered with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences. the results showed that linear 1ax1 gene cassettes were stably expressed and separated at the rate of 3 to 1 in the seeds of t1 generation. it suggested the functional copies of 1ax1 gene cassettes were ...	2006	16818432
effect of temperature, exposure interval, and depth of diatomaceous earth treatment on distribution, mortality, and progeny production of lesser grain borer (coleoptera: bostrichidae) in stored wheat.	diatomaceous earth (de) can be used as a surface treatment in stored wheat triticum aestivum (l.) to control pest infestations. however, it is not known how the thickness of the de-treated wheat layer or grain temperature impact effectiveness. therefore, we conducted an experiment in growth chambers to assess the effect of different surface layers of hard winter wheat combined with de on spatial distribution, adult survival, and progeny production of lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) ...	2006	16813345
biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): characterizing new virulence and host associations.	biotypic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), was assessed among populations collected from cultivated wheat, triticum aestivum l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, and their associated noncultivated grass hosts. greenbugs were collected during may through august 2002 from 30 counties of kansas, nebraska, oklahoma, and texas. discounting the presumptive biotype a, five of the remaining nine letter-designated greenbug biotypes were collected; h ...	2006	16813337
[identification of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars using molecular markers].	a collection of 68 cultivars of common wheat has been screened for leaf rust resistance genes with the use of molecular markers. markers of genes lr1, lr9, lr10, lr19, lr20, lr21, lr24, and lr26 have been used. it has been suggested that allele xgwm295 be used as a marker for identifying the lr34 gene. the genes originating from triticum aestivum l., as well as the lr26 gene contained in rye translocation 1rs, are the most frequent. genes originating from wild wheats were rarer in the cultivars ...	2006	16808248
wheat nitrogen metabolism during grain filling: comparative role of glumes and the flag leaf.	the mobilization of nitrogen (n) compounds and the roles played by glumes and the flag leaf during grain filling were studied in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. florida) grown under field conditions. glumes lost twice as much of their total n content as that lost by the flag leaf between the milk and early dough stages. in the flag leaf, glumes and grains, glu, asp, ser and ala accounted for 85% of all the reductions in the free amino acid pool. principal component analysis of free amino a ...	2006	16804706
a comprehensive view on organ-specific callose synthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): glucan synthase-like gene expression, callose synthase activity, callose quantification and deposition.	callose ((1,3)-beta-glucan) is important during basic developmental processes of plants, but only little is known about the regulation of callose biosynthesis on molecular level. growing evidence indicates that glucan synthase-like (gsl) genes in higher plants are involved in callose synthesis. we analyzed the expression of eight gsl genes (tagsl) as well as callose synthase activity and total callose content in the stem, leaf blade and spike of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). organ-specific expre ...	2006	16777426
molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit allele 1bx23 in common wheat introduced from hexaploid triticale.	high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) 1bx23, an x-type subset encoded by glu-b1p, which is only distributed in triticum turgidum, was successfully transferred from hexaploid triticale to common wheat line sy95-71. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) shows that subunit 1bx23 has a faster mobility than subunit 1bx7 and 1bx20, but slower than 1bx17. primers designed from the conserved regions in wheat hmw-gs gene promoter and coding sequences were used to ...	2006	17362350
[development of dasypyrum genome specific marker by using wheat microsatellites].	one hundred and two ssr primer pairs, distributed in chromosome 1a to 7a, 1b to 7b, 1d to 7d of triticum aestivum, were investigated on dasypyrum breviaristatum, d.villosum, wheat-dasypyrum amphiploids and its derivatives, with the control of common wheat chinese spring and elite wheat cultivars. a specific polymorphic dna fragment of about 400 bp (415 bp-long by sequenced, named xgwm301/415) amplified by primer pair xgwm301 was obtained in all lines containing dasypyrum chromosomes, but there w ...	2006	17138545
[the mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance for female fertility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	three sets of data for the p1, p2, f1, and f2 populations derived from three crosses between the normal fertility wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with different ecotypes and the female sterile line (xnd126) were used to investigate the inheritance of female fertility in wheat using mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance model in 2005 and 2006. the results from the joint segregation analysis of the four generations showed that female fertility in wheat is controlled by two major genes ...	2006	17138544
evaluation of water binding, seed coat permeability and germination characteristics of wheat seeds equilibrated at different relative humidities.	the relative binding of seed water and seed coat membrane stability were measured in two contrasting wheat (triticum aestivum l) varieties, hdr 77 (drought-tolerant) and hd 2009 (susceptible) using seed water sorption isotherms, electrical conductivity (ec) of leachates and desorption-absorption isotherms. analysis of sorption isotherm at 25 degrees c showed that the seeds of hdr 77 had significantly higher number of strong binding sites, with correspondingly greater amount of seed water as stro ...	2006	17133767
[soil-based eco-toxicity of petroleum to terrestrial higher plant after phytoremediation].	petroleum-contaminated soil after five-year phytoremediation was taken as tested soil initially spiked with a serial diesel concentration of 5 000, 15 000 and 30 000 mg/kg (dry weight). residual concentrations of mineral oil by chemical analysis of gravimetry, as well as the soil-based eco-toxicity to wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the terrestrial higher plant by several ecotoxicological bioassays including seed germination and root elongation test, early seedling growth test, contents of cytochr ...	2006	17117647
[features of the formation of self-fertile euploid lines (2n = 42) by self-pollination of the 46-chromosome barley-wheat bc1 hybrid hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)].	we studied some features of the development of self-fertile 42-chromosome lines on the base of self-pollination progeny of 46-chromosome plants obtained by backcrossing of barley--wheat hybrids hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42). the stabilization of karyotypes, resulting in 42-chromosome plants of the wheat type was generally completed by generation bc1f10. the plants of all self-pollination progenies, including bc1f10, s ...	2006	17326388
alpha-amylase activity of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) reared on several wheat varieties and its inhibition with kernel extracts.	total progeny of rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae) reared on 10 wheat, triticum aestivum l., varieties was evaluated. higher amylase activities were detected in populations with few individuals, whereas the opposite was observed in higher populations. as protein ingested increased, reproductive success increased. however, consumption of wheat protein was inversely correlated with amylase activity levels (r = -0.66). amylase activity in homogenates of r. dominica populations sh ...	2006	17195686
complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the triticeae.	most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. the closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, aabbdd), as well as in the related triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the triticeae, including triti ...	2006	17426778
[luminescent indicators in various parts of wheat leaves in ontogenesis].	a comparative study of slow fluorescence induction, fluorescence spectra, thermoluminescence, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content in ontogenesis of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l, cv. yubileinayd) grown in the laboratory conditions was carried out. it was shown that (fm-ft)/ft values of slow fluorescence induction increased with the age of leaf part, reached a maximum (for 2-week-old seedlings), and then decreased. changes in (fm-ft)/ft positively correlated with the changes in ...	2006	14714527
[purification and characterization of lipases from wheat germ].	a method of isolation and purification of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the germ of wheat (triticum aestivum) is described. electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of the enzyme (specific activity, 622.5 x x 10(-3) mumol/min per mg protein) was obtained after purification in 61 times. the molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by gel chromatography, was 143 +/- 2 kda. the optimal conditions for the enzyme were 37 degrees and ph 8.0. homogeneous preparation of the lipase exhibited high thermal ...	2006	15029708
[comparative characteristics of reproduction of the wheat striped mosaic virus in winter and spring triticum aestivum l. in natural agrocoenosis and during clinostatting].	microgravity (a transformed environment) was produced with the use of a multi-purpose clinostat. object of the investigation was wheat striped mosaic virus (wsmv) affecting a great variety of wheat species in natural agrocoenosis, and super-dwarf cultivar apogee in the transformed environment. enzyme immunodetection (das-elisa) as well as electron microscopy were employed for virus identification. viral reproduction was found high (titre 1/2560) in winter and spring wheat species in agrocoenosis ...	2006	15372798
genetic characterization of asymmetric somatic hybrids between bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd and triticum aestivum l.: potential application to the study of the wheat genome.	in this paper, we describe how bupleurum scorzonerifolium/triticum aestivum asymmetric somatic hybrids can be exploited to study the wheat genome. protoplasts of b. scorzonerifolium willd were irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv) and fused with protoplasts of common wheat (t. aestivum l.). all cell clones were similar in appearance to those of b. scorzonerifolium, while the regenerated plantlets were either intermediate or b. scorzonerifolium-like. genotypic screening using isozymes showed tha ...	2006	16270205
differential mrna stability to endogenous ribonucleases of the coding region and 3' untranslated regions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) manganese superoxide dismutase genes.	the sequences of the 3' untranslated region (utr) of the manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) were found to be quite variable with different predicted thermostabilities. the degradation rates of the 3' utr variants and the coding region were measured following exposure to endogenous nucleases. the degradation rates of the 3' utr variants for 15 min were not significantly different, meaning the degradation rates of the 3' utr variants were not directly related ...	2006	16240120
differential expression of manganese superoxide dismutase sequence variants in near isogenic lines of wheat during cold acclimation.	numerous sequence variants of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) genes have been found. quantitative real-time pcr was used to measure the expression levels of three mnsod genes distinguished by a variable amino acid, and three genes distinguished by sequence variation in the 3' untranslated region (3' utr), in wheat plants grown at 20 degrees c and cold-acclimated for 1-4 weeks at 2 degrees c. the amino acid variants did not differ significantly in expression le ...	2006	16308702
cloning and characterization of wheat pdi (protein disulfide isomerase) homoeologous genes and promoter sequences.	the genomic and cdna sequences of three pdi homoeologous genes located on chromosomes 4a, 4b and 4d of bread wheat and their promoters were cloned and sequenced. the three sequences showed a very high conservation of the coding region and of the exon/intron structure, which consisted of ten exons. the comparison of wheat sequences with those of rice and arabidopsis showed a significant conservation of the exon/intron structure across the three species. the expression of each gene was analysed by ...	2006	16289628
overexpression of tamads1, a sepallata-like gene in wheat, causes early flowering and the abnormal development of floral organs in arabidopsis.	the mads box genes are essential for floral development of arabidopsis because they regulate flowering time and the development of floral organs. in this study, a mads box gene, tamads1, was isolated and characterized from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the analysis of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic tree suggested that the tamads1 gene might be a sepallata (sep)-like gene. rna hybridization indicated that the tamads1 transcripts began to accumulate in spikelets, and then, in floret primord ...	2006	16177912
root distribution and interactions between intercropped species.	even though ecologists and agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution dynamics and their impacts on interspecific interactions. a field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped plants. roots were sampled twice by auger and ...	2006	16211394
the pdi genes of wheat and their syntenic relationship to the esp2 locus of rice.	the storage protein polymers in the endosperm, stabilised by disulphide bonds, determine a number of processing qualities of wheat dough. the enzyme protein disulphide isomerase (pdi), involved in the formation of disulphide bonds, is strongly suggested to play a role in the formation of wheat storage protein bodies. reports of the rice mutant esp2 exhibiting aberrant storage protein deposition in conjunction with a lack of pdi expression provided strong indications of a direct role for pdi in s ...	2006	16187074
arabinogalactans and arabinogalactan-proteins induce embryogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microspore culture.	the objective of this study was to improve induction of embryogenesis in wheat microspore culture in order to obtain a high number of regenerable embryos. the arabinogalactan (ag) larcoll and the arabinogalactan-protein (agp) from gum arabic were tested on two spring genotypes to see if they could increase microspore viability and induce embryogenesis in the microspore culture. adding larcoll significantly decreased microspore mortality in both genotypes regardless of the presence or absence of ...	2006	16133349
structural analysis of wheat wax (triticum aestivum, c.v. 'naturastar' l.): from the molecular level to three dimensional crystals.	in order to elucidate the self assembly process of plant epicuticular waxes, and the molecular arrangement within the crystals, re-crystallisation of wax platelets was studied on biological and non-biological surfaces. wax platelets were extracted from the leaf blades of wheat (triticum aestivum l., c.v. 'naturastar', poaceae). waxes were analysed by gas chromatography (gc) and mass spectrometry (ms). octacosan-1-ol was found to be the most abundant chemical component of the wax mixture (66 m%) ...	2006	16133211
arsenate (as) uptake by and distribution in two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (jing 411 and lovrin 10) were used to investigate arsenate (as) uptake and distribution in plants grown in hydroponic culture and in the soil. results showed that without as addition, lovrin 10 had higher biomass than jing 411 in the soil pot experiment; in the hydroponic experiment lovrin 10 had similar root biomass to and lower shoot biomass than jing 411. increasing p supply from 32 to 161 microm resulted in lower tissue as concentrations, ...	2006	16081139
wheat genome structure: translocations during the course of polyploidization.	the genomic organization of triticum timopheevii (2n=28, atatgg) was compared with hexaploid wheat t. aestivum (2n=42, aabbdd) by comparative mapping using microsatellites derived from bread wheat. genetic maps for the two crosses t. timopheevii var. timopheevii x t. timopheevii var. typica and t. timopheevii k-38555xt. militinae were constructed. on the first population, 121 loci were mapped, and on the second population 103 loci. the transferability of the wheat markers to t. timopheevii was g ...	2006	15983785
[formation of phenol compounds in various cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	the formation of soluble phenol compounds, including flavonols, was studied in winter (erythrospermum, lutescens 230, and r 47-28) and spring cultivars (lada) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the contents of soluble phenol compounds and flavonols were 1.8-2.6 and 0.5-1.3 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively. these results illustrate the similarity of phenol metabolism in leaves of winter and spring wheat cultivars. the exception was the cultivar r 47-28 that accumulated the maximum amount of phenol ...	2006	15810742
radionuclide transport above a near-surface water table: iii. soil migration and crop uptake of three gamma-emitting radionuclides, 1990 to 1993.	this paper summarizes the vertical distributions of 22na, 137cs, and 60co above controlled water tables in deep and shallow lysimeters during a four-year experiment. the activity concentration profiles were all determined at the time of harvest of a winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pastiche) crop. activity concentrations in different crop tissues were determined and crop uptake expressed as both an inventory ratio (ir) and a transfer factor (tfw), weighted to account for root and radionucl ...	2006	11476513
comparison of triticonazole dissipation after seed or soil treatment.	this study examined the long-term fate of the fungicide triticonazole (ttz; 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cydopentanol) applied at a normal field dose (8.9 g ha(-1)) via seed treatment, which is the normal alternative in practice. the ttz was applied to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains as a disinfectant before sowing or spraying on bare soil for comparison and reference to the seed treatment. the seeds were germinated and grown in pots in a greenhou ...	2006	12931880
[thiol oxidase and disulfide reductase activities of the wheat triticum aestivum l. caryopsis and its technological quality].	activities of oxygen-dependent thiol: o2 oxidoreductase (ec 1.8.3.2) and glutathione-dependent thiol: protein-disulfide oxidoreductase (ec 1.8.4.2) as well as technological value of seven soft spring wheat cultivars grown on different soil under contrasting climatic conditions (krasnodar krai and irkutsk oblast) were studied. it was found that the ratio of these enzymatic activities correlated positively with dough physical properties and flour bread-baking quality.	2006	10752091
[influence of some bacteriostatics on the first stage of development of wheat, triticum vulgare].		2006	13537975
physical location of homoeologous groups 5 and 6 molecular markers mapped in triticum aestivum l.	in situ hybridization was used to map 21 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) probes to linkage groups 5 and 6 of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) in order to compare physical distances and genetic distances between adjacent markers. all 21 probes hybridized to the corresponding homoeologous chromosome arms. the linear order and linkage relationships among the dna probes on the in situ-based physical maps were generally the same as those on the rflp-based genetic maps. ...	2006	11218081
ph1 gene derived from aegilops speltoides induces homoeologous chromosome pairing in wide crosses of triticum aestivum.	the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the phi gene transferred from aegilops speltoides into bread wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs) in inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing in interspecific crosses using the chinese spring line, cs(phi), carrying the gene. chinese spring, as well as cs(phi), were crossed as female parents with three accessions of ae. kotschyi (uuss), one accession of secale cereale (rr), two amphiploids of triticum durum-ae. caudata (aabbcc), a ...	2006	10994715
[characteristics of triticum vulgare in the early phases of development (ontogenesis) in space flight].	the effect of space flight factors on the growth and development of wheat grown in a svetoblock-m unit on the orbital station mir was investigated. the data obtained allow the conclusion that wheat plants develop flight-induced changes. when compared to control plants, experimental plants show a delayed growth in terms of biometric parameters, different distribution of biogenic elements, lower phytoncidal activity, increased bacterial and fungal contamination, and a changed pigment and lipid com ...	2006	2046298
nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes.	nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, is a virulence determinant in the maize (zea mays) pathogen cochliobolus heterostrophus and is involved in tolerance to h(2)o(2). deletion of nps6 orthologs in the rice (oryza sativa) pathogen, cochliobolus miyabeanus, the wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogen, fusarium graminearum, and the arabidopsis thaliana pathogen, alternaria brassicicola, resulted in reduced virulence and hypersensitivity to h(2)o(2). introduction of the nps6 ortholog from th ...	2006	17056706