Publications

antibody response in rabbits to serotype-specific determinants in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis.	antibodies against the serotype determinant epitopes of moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharides (lps) were demonstrated in sera from rabbits immunised with whole bacterial cells. purified lps preparations from eight strains of m. catarrhalis were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and immunoblotting. the serotype specificity of the antibodies was shown by neutralisation with lps and with purified polysaccharide obtained from lps prepared from strains belonging to di ...	1996	8636949
the microbiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in a group of auckland children.	to determine the microbiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in a group of auckland children. to determine the antimicrobial sensitivities of isolated bacterial pathogens to commonly used antibiotics for this condition.	1996	8657383
multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients.	the purpose of this study was to assess the causes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients admitted to hospital.	1996	8711652
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1993)].	bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981, and the ikemotor et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of the isolates of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and the relationships between the isolates and backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. we discuss the results in detail. in 20 institutions around the entire japan from october 1993 to september 1994, 584 strains of bact ...	1996	8721076
comparative in-vitro activity of cp-99219, a new quinolone, against respiratory pathogens.	the comparative in-vitro activity of cp-99219, a new quinolone, against haemophilus influenzae (150 isolates), moraxella catarrhalis (100), streptococcus pneumoniae (80) and group a beta-haemolytic streptococci (40) was determined using an agar dilution technique. cp-99219 was the most active compound tested against m. catarrhalis (mic50 = 0.015 mg/l, mic90 = 0.03 mg/l). ceftriaxone, cp-99219 and ciprofloxacin were the three most active agents tested against h.influenzae. cp-99219 showed good ac ...	1996	8722546
in vitro activity of the tricyclic beta-lactam gv104326.	gv104326 is a novel tricyclic beta-lactam (a trinem or, formerly, tribactam). the in vitro activity of gv104326 was compared with those of cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefpirome, and ciprofloxacin. gv104326 had in vitro activity generally similar to that of cefixime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [mic90], < or = 2 micrograms/ml), with cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being 8- to 32-fold ...	1996	8723475
susceptibility testing interpretive criteria for levofloxacin when testing respiratory pathogens, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	the more active l-isomer, levofloxacin, of the racemic ofloxacin mixture has been under development for therapeutic use. in this study, we evaluated the activity of ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and d-ofloxacin against the fastidious respiratory tract pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. levofloxacin was two-fold more active than ofloxacin against h. influenzae (mic90, 0.015 microgram/ml), and d-ofloxacin was least active (mic90, 1 microgram/ml). for m. catarrhalis the mic90 va ...	1996	8724401
antibacterial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin. rationale for clinical use.	most gram-positive organisms are highly susceptible to the streptogramin, quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500; synercid). minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates (mic90) were < or = 1 mg/l for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. haemolyticus, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes and listeria monocytogenes. importantly, quinupristin/dalfopristin shows similar activity against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of s. aureus, and streptococci with benzylpenicillin ( ...	1996	8724814
antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone.	epiroprim (epm; ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. epm displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (tmp). epm was also active against tmp-resistant strains, although the mics were still relatively high. its combination with dapsone (dds) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the tmp combination with sulfamethoxazole ( ...	1996	8726004
moraxella catarrhalis: pathogenic significance in respiratory tract infections treated by community practitioners.	we prospectively studied the pathogenic significance of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated from 212 patients of community practitioners in australia. this organism was most commonly isolated during winter and early spring, and 92% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers. on the basis of predetermined clinical and microbiological criteria, 42% of the isolates were definitely pathogenic, 7% were probably pathogenic, 21% were of indeterminate pathogenicity, and 30% were nonpathogenic. f ...	1996	8729201
comparative safety and efficacy of sparfloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, randomised, parallel, multicentre study.	in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) were randomly allocated to oral treatment with sparfloxacin (200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg once daily) or amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg/125 mg tds) for a total treatment duration of 7 to 14 days. patients were evaluable if they had a fev1/fvc ratio of less than 70% at stable state and presented with a suspected infectious exacerbation defined as increases ...	1996	8737129
evaluation of purified uspa from moraxella catarrhalis as a vaccine in a murine model after active immunization.	moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media, laryngitis, and respiratory infections in humans. a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein from this bacterium named ubiquitous surface protein a (uspa) is present on all isolates. a monoclonal antibody (mab) to uspa that recognizes a conserved epitope of this protein has been shown to promote pulmonary clearance of bacteria in passively immunized mice. in the present study, m. catarrhalis heterologous isolates were screened by dot blot with a pan ...	1996	8675285
expression of the copb outer membrane protein by moraxella catarrhalis is regulated by iron and affects iron acquisition from transferrin and lactoferrin.	the amino acid sequence of the cell-surface-exposed, 81-kda copb outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis was found to be similar to those of tonb-dependent outer membrane proteins of other gram-negative bacteria. expression of copb was affected by the availability of iron in the growth medium, and the extent of overexpression of copb in response to iron limitation varied widely among the m. catarrhalis strains tested. wild-type m. catarrhalis strains were found to be able to utilize ferr ...	1996	8675303
effects of antibiotic treatment in the subset of common-cold patients who have bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions.	upper-respiratory-tract infection is one of the main causes of overuse of antibiotics. we have found previously that bacteria such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae can be isolated from the nasopharyngeal secretions of a substantial proportion of adults with upper-respiratory-tract infections. we have assessed the efficacy of co-amoxiclav in patients with common colds but no clinical signs of sinusitis or other indications for antibiotics.	1996	8684101
cefetamet pivoxil: comparable evaluation with other orally available antibiotics against selected species of respiratory pathogens.	cefetamet pivoxil, the prodrug ester of cefetamet, is a new third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity. the in vitro activity of cefetamet was superior to that of cefaclor, ceftibuten, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, and amoxicillin alone when tested against 403 strains of freshly isolated upper and lower respiratory tract pathogens. cefetamet killed 100% haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains, at < or = 0.25 mg/l, strepto ...	1996	8751262
comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: results of eight european countries.	in this multicenter study conducted in eight european countries, 13,173 pathogens--all isolated from community-acquired infections in 1992 and 1993--were evaluated for their susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, five in germany, in the netherlands and switzerland, four in greece and spain, three in hungary and one in finland contrib ...	1996	8751263
outer membrane protein b1, an iron-repressible protein conserved in the outer membrane of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, binds human transferrin.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a gram-negative human mucosal pathogen, which primarily causes otitis media in young children. however, this bacterium is also a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with underlying lung disease. our previous data have shown that m. catarrhalis expresses iron-repressible outer membrane proteins in response to iron limitation. we have extended these observations to demonstrate that one of these proteins, termed outer membrane protein ...	1996	8751951
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1994)].	bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in 23 institutions around the entire japan, 492 strains of presumably etiological bacteria were isolated ...	1996	8752860
moraxella catarrhalis in acute laryngitis: infection or colonization?	the complement phenotypes of moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained from adult patients with acute laryngitis were investigated using a microliter serum bactericidal assay and compared with those of other donor groups. laryngitis isolates had a higher proportion (57%) of complement-resistant strains than did carrier strains from healthy 8- to 13-year-old schoolchildren (16%). the difference between these groups was statistically significant (chi2 [3 x 2 table] = 21.55; p < .001). the relatively ...	1996	8769627
biochemical analysis of lactoferrin receptors in the neisseriaceae: identification of a second bacterial lactoferrin receptor protein.	bacterial transferrin receptors that have been described in the families pasteurellaceae and neisseriaceae are composed of two receptor proteins, transferrin binding proteins 1 and 2 (tbp1 and tbp2). in contrast, bacterial lactoferrin receptors have only been described for human pathogens in the family neisseriaceae, and were believed to consist of a single protein, lbp1, which is highly homologous to tbp1. we describe a modified affinity isolation procedure that facilities isolation of a second ...	1995	8778564
antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase production of moraxella catarrhalis isolates in taiwan.	between 1 august 1993 and 31 july 1994, 135 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis were collected from 12 large medical laboratories in taiwan. the majority of specimens came from sputum (124 isolates). other specimens included four isolates from throats, three isolates from wounds or pus, two isolates from eyes, one isolate from blood and one from cerebrospinal fluid. epidemiologically, m. catarrhalis isolates were found frequently in winter and spring with a peak in february, and only spor ...	1995	8696169
increasing incidence of penicillin- and ampicillin-resistant middle ear pathogens.	during a 13-month period ending in january, 1995, we obtained 159 samples of middle ear exudate through tympanocentesis (n = 155) or acute spontaneous otorrhea (n = 4) from 151 children enrolled in therapeutic trials of acute otitis media in a pediatric practice in northern virginia. their ages ranged from < 1 to > 6 years of age (mean, 35 months; median, 22 months). precise diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media always included bulging outward of all or part of the eardrum, opacification of ...	1995	8745021
bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect of sparfloxacin against selected species of respiratory pathogens.	we determined the bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect (pae) of sparfloxacin against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumonia, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus. time-kill studies were performed by using 1 x and 4 x the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (inoculum 10(5) and 10(7) cfu/ml). the pae was induced by exposing the strai ...	1995	8667038
binding specificity for four monoclonal antibodies recognizing terminal gal alpha 1-->4gal residues in haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide.	four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the outer-core region of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae were generated after immunization with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004 ah1-2 and their epitope specificities studied. the monoclonal antibodies: mahi 6 (igm), mahi 5 (igg2a), mahi 8 (igg3), and mahi 11 (igg2b) bound to synthetic glycoconjugates or glycolipids with terminal galabiosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1-) or globotriaosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1 1- ...	1995	8559043
spectrum and significance of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis.	fifty-eight cases of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis, including seven that occurred in patients treated at our facilities, are analyzed. the host's medical history plays a major role in the presentation and outcome of m. catarrhalis bacteremia. bacteremia is typically accompanied by pneumonia in adults with underlying respiratory disease. many neutropenic patients do not manifest a focus of infection; in contrast, the source identified in healthy, immunocompetent patients is usually the ...	1995	8562749
pathogenicity of moraxella catarrhalis in cystic fibrosis.		1995	8563244
antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone.	the antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone drug, was tested against 761 clinical isolates. cs-940 activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was most similar to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with a large range of mics inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (mic90s) of 0.015 to 16 micrograms/ml (median mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml). cs-940 had greater activity than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin when they were tested against acinetobacter spp. (mic90s, 0.03 mic ...	1995	8619590
construction of a combined noti/smai physical and genetic map of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strain atcc25238.	using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and southern hybridization techniques, a physical map of moraxella catarrhalis strain atcc25238 was constructed to provide basic genetic knowledge of this bacterium that has attracted attention in recent years as a human pathogen. restriction endonuclease noti cut the genome into 10 fragments and smai into 9, and the molecular size of the genome was estimated to be 1,940 kilobases. location of the 12 genes participating in the biosynthesis of purine, ...	1995	8577264
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti.	restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti was performed on moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains consecutively collected from children suspected of respiratory tract infection and the type strain. use of hinfi gave the most distinct patterns. great polymorphism was seen among strains.	1995	8580900
[beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and their phenotypic implications].	of the 50 strains of beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis isolated at saint joseph's hospital (paris) that were studied, 94% produced bro-1 type beta-lactamase and 6% produced the bro-2 type. we examined the transfer of bro-1 and bro-2 genes and found that, among 7 donor strains producing bro-1, all were able to transfer the gene for bro-1 production by conjugation. of the 4 donor strains producing bro-2, 2 were able to transfer the gene for bro-2 production by conjugation. three bro ...	1995	8584798
trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract.	rates of antimicrobial resistance have been increasing in bacteria responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the united states. nearly 100% of clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis now produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that renders this pathogen resistant to such agents as penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. however, this organism remains nearly uniformly susceptible to alternative oral antimicrobials, such as cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, be ...	1995	8585554
effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with cefuroxime axetil in treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis.	five hundred thirty-seven patients were enrolled in two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials comparing the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies and the safety of 5- or 10-day treatment with cefuroxime axetil with those of 10-day treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis. patients received either 5 or 10 days of treatment (n = 177 in each group) with cefuroxime axetil at 250 mg twice daily o ...	1995	8585739
[antimicrobial activities of cefepime against clinically isolated strains].	in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (cfpm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cfpm and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994. 1. cfpm showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr). antimicrobial activities of cfpm against staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (caz) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (ctx), and an ...	1995	8587165
[antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin against freshly isolated clinical strains from outpatients].	in order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, beta-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) were determined including those of the control drugs. the results are summarized as follows; 1. detection frequencies of beta-lactamase producing strains were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (mssa, 90.0%), haemophilus influenzae (22.0%), m ...	1995	8587166
development of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to penicillin in middle-ear isolates of moraxella catarrhalis in finnish children, 1978-1993.	the frequency of beta-lactamase production was analyzed in a study of 1,452 strains of moraxella catarrhalis and 2,738 strains of haemophilus influenzae isolated from middle-ear fluid of children < 6 years of age at tampere university hospital in tampere, finland, between 1978 and 1993. in addition, 401 isolates of m. catarrhalis from similar samples collected in different parts of finland in 1988-1990 were tested for beta-lactamase production; minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, ce ...	1995	8589142
synthesis of 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d- glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyrano sid onic acid, a highly branched pentasaccharide corresponding to structures found in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis.	syntheses of the pentasaccharide 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6- tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2- ulopyranosidonic acid and of the tetrasaccharide 3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside, both as its methyl and 2-(4-trifluoro-acetamidophenyl)ethyl glycoside, are described. these oligosaccharides correspond to structures found in the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis and were needed for biological experiments aimed at ...	1995	8590446
clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media with effusion.	two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials, one of which included microbiologic evaluation of middle-ear fluid obtained by use of tympanocentesis, compared the efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension, in the treatment of children 3 months to 12 years old diagnosed with acute otitis media with effusion (aome). four hundred seventy-seven pediatric patients with signs and symptoms of aome we ...	1995	8595636
clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis.	two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate, in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis (hereafter denoted acute bronchitis). three hundred sixty patients with signs and symptoms of acute bronchitis were enrolled at 22 centers and were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of treatment with e ...	1995	8595638
a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ...	1995	8529440
lower respiratory tract infection therapy--the role of ciprofloxacin.	lower respiratory tract infections account for a large proportion of prescribed antibiotics and, with emerging resistance to standard agents, the introduction of the fluoroquinolones, in particular ciprofloxacin, has provided a further component in the armamentarium. this review encompasses 37 published clinical trials which featured ciprofloxacin; 3274 patients with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with this agent; in 94.1% of patients treatment was clinically successful and 90.9 ...	1995	8529774
rational use of oral antibiotics for pediatric infections.	we carried out a survey in japan to investigate compliance among children given oral antibiotics in an outpatient setting. the results of our survey revealed that, in japan, approximately one-quarter of patients did not take their full course of antibiotics. reasons for unsupervised self-discontinuation included: (1) the parent or guardian judged the infection to be cured; (2) the child refused to take the drug; and (3) the appearance of side effects. causative organisms often involved in respir ...	1995	8537136
acute otitis media in children: a study of nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens and therapeutic efficacy of cefixime and amoxicillin-clavulanate.	we conducted a large, multicenter, randomized, open-label study throughout france comparing the efficacy and safety of cefixime suspension (8 mg/kg/day, b.i.d., for 10 days) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (80 mg/kg/day, t.i.d., for 10 days) in 510 children (ages 6 to 36 months) with acute otitis media. the most frequent microorganisms colonizing the nasopharynx at the start of treatment were streptococcus pneumoniae (51.5%), haemophilus influenzae (45%) and moraxella catarrhalis (30.2 ...	1995	8537137
lower respiratory tract infection due to ciprofloxacin resistant moraxella catarrhalis.		1995	8537282
[azithromycin: critical points].	the determination of the french breakpoints (< or = c, > c) were selected by the use of different criteria including bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and obviously clinical criteria. concerning the bacteriological results, azithromycin, being an acid stable orally administered antimicrobial drug, is in vitro marginally less active than erythromycin against gram-positive organisms including beta-haemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. but in contrast, this azalide is more active than e ...	1995	8539070
[azithromycin, pharmacodynamic evaluation in animal models].	several experimental models have been used in order to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of azithromycin against numerous human pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including comparison between azithromycin and other antibiotics belonging or not to the macrolide family. using the experimental models, three major objectives can be distinguished: the comparative studies of the efficacy dose 50 (ed50) of azithromycin compared to other orally given antibiotics, the azithromycin efficacy in animal infected ...	1995	8539074
acute bronchial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	bacterial bronchial infection is a frequent cause of copd exacerbation but not its only aetiology. increased purulent expectorant appears to be its best indicator rather than fever, non-productive cough or dyspnoea. the clinician must try to recognize this condition rather than systematically prescribe empirical antibiotics. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis are the major pathogens. although atypical bacteria are not frequent, chlamydia pneumoniae could p ...	1995	8541820
treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients--a comparison of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin. copd study group.	meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin were compared in an open, randomised prospective multicentre study in the treatment of acute exacerbations of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients. one-hundred-and-seventy-three patients were enrolled; 164 were evaluable for clinical efficacy and 98 for bacteriological efficacy, with 144 pathogens isolated. the predominant pathogens were haemophilus influenzae (n = 30), streptococcus pneumoniae (18), staphylococcus aureus (12), p ...	1995	8543488
haemophilus influenzae release histamine and enhance histamine release from human bronchoalveolar cells. examination of patients with chronic bronchitis and controls.	haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) are often found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. earlier studies have shown that bacteria induce mediator release from human basophils and parenchymal lung mast cells. in this study the capability of bacteria to trigger or potentiate histamine release from superficially located mast cells in the airway epithelium was studied in cell susp ...	1995	8546845
[role of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children].	macrolides are antibiotics with high intracellular concentrations. they have a bacteriostatic activity but are also bactericides for concentrations five times greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration, concentrations in which they reach in the respiratory tract. they are usually active on streptococcus, neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis, listeria monocytogenes, bordetella pertussis, pasteurella multocida, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and helicobacter pylori. th ...	1995	8548000
upper respiratory tract infections - otitis media, sinusitis and pharyngitis.	management of the patient with otitis media, sinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis is based on information about the host, the organism and the antimicrobial agent. otitis media (om) is a common infection in children but selected children have recurrent and chronic om. the predominant organisms responsible for om are streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility govern the choice of antimicrobial agents. surgical treatment shoul ...	1995	8919162
in vitro antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against branhamella catarrhalis clinical isolates.		1995	8904112
[pathogenic bacteria isolated from the sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema].	isolated pathogenic bacteria from sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema who were admitted in our hospital from 1984 to 1994 were examined to elucidate the relationship between isolated bacteria from sputum and pulmonary functions including vital capacity (vc), forced expiratory volume (fev1.0), pao2 and paco2. vc of the patients from whom mssa (methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus) or enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) were isolated was significantly lower than that of the pati ...	1995	8708405
outer membrane protein cd of branhamella catarrhalis: sequence conservation in strains recovered from the human respiratory tract.	branhamella catarrhalis causes lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the outer membrane protein cd (omp-cd) of b. catarrhalis is a major, heat-modifiable omp. the goals of this study are to characterize the degree of conservation of omp-cd among strains and to investigate if omp-cd maintains its homogeneity under the effect of host immune selective pressure. isolates of b. catarrhalis were collected prospectively from patients with bronchiecta ...	1995	8825909
antibiogram of bacterial isolates from cases of otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections.	a total of one hundred and two cases of otitis media were screened for the isolation of bacterial flora of ears. out of this, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae accounting for 41.2%, 25.5% and 13.3% respectively were isolated. a further two hundred and four sputum samples from cases of lower respiratory tract infections were screened. moraxella catarrhalis, s. aureus, s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae constituting 20.9%, 37%, 30% and 21% were isolated in tha ...	1995	8886150
five-year survey of cefotaxime resistance in spain.	during 1991-1995 a spain collaborative study group surveyed the resistance to cefotaxime both in community as well as in hospital isolates of bacteria. the isolates tested during the study period of 5 years were 813, 875, 3631, 3184, and 3050 strains, respectively. antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime was assayed by broth or agar microdilution, in accordance with criteria of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards (nccls). cefotaxime resistance included 2.5% of all isolates: 2.6% ...	1995	9158804
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1991)].	isolated bacteria from respiratory tract infections were collected since 1981 in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, and have been investigated for their sensitivities to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and reported by ikemoto, et al. relationships between these isolates and backgrounds of the patients were also studied each year. these results are discussed in detail in this report. in 20 institutions around the entire japan from october 1991 to september 1992, ...	1995	7474326
resistant respiratory pathogens and extended-spectrum antibiotics.	traditional antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin remain the drugs of first choice for most bacterial respiratory infections. however, the usefulness of these agents varies, depending on local bacterial resistance patterns and patient factors. in the united states, amoxicillin and penicillin resistance currently occurs in 20 to 30 percent of streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 30 to 40 percent of haemophilus influenzae strains and 70 to 90 percent of moraxella catarrhalis ...	1995	7484684
[the microbiology of secretory otitis].	the aa. realize a comparative study on the differences between the nasopharyngeal microbial flora of 50 children suffering a secretory otitis and other 40 children without middle ear disease. in nasopharyngeal cultures the pathogenic flora (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus beta hemoliticus group a, staphilococcus aureus) amounted for 96 percent in children with secretory otitis, which figure was reduced to 80 percent in healthy infants (p < 0 ...	1995	7485853
effect of xylitol on growth of nasopharyngeal bacteria in vitro.	xylitol is known to reduce caries by inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans. we hypothesized that xylitol could also affect the growth of other nasopharyngeal bacterial flora, which could be important when considering respiratory infections caused by these bacteria. we studied this in vitro by adding xylitol to the medium and observed that 1 and 5% xylitol reduced markedly the growth of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, including s. pneumoniae. it reduced slightly the growth of beta-hemolytic ...	1995	7486925
comparative antimicrobial activities of the penem wy-49605 (sun5555) against recent clinical isolates from five u.s. medical centers.	the in vitro activity of wy-49605 (sun5555) (wy) was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 2,958 consecutive clinical isolates from five medical centers and 402 respiratory pathogens from 18 other facilities. most members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by wy (mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited [mic50], < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml). mic90s of > or = 8.0 micrograms/ml were observed for enterobacter cloacae, serratia spp., and p ...	1995	7492110
evaluation of mupirocin e-test for determination of isolate susceptibility: comparison with standard agar dilution techniques.	mupirocin e-test strips have been evaluated for their ease of use and accuracy in determining the susceptibilities of 171 strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the susceptibility of each strain was determined on two occasions, using parallel e-test and agar dilution methodologies each time. to ensure similar precisions for statistical analyses, e-test mics were rounded up to a standard twofold agar dilution scale. clear, elliptical ...	1995	7494011
comparison of the local immune response to nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nhi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc) during otitis media.		1995	7502887
bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush.	the lower airways of asymptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients can be colonized by bacteria, mainly haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis. however, the role of lower airway bacteria in stable and exacerbated copd has not been well defined. to determine the importance of lower airway bacterial infection in copd we studied 40 outpatients with stable copd (group a: age 61.1 +/- 9.9 yr; [mean +/- sd]; fev1/fvc 51.7 +/- 12.5) and 29 outpat ...	1995	7551388
multicenter spanish study of ciprofloxacin susceptibility in gram-negative bacteria. the spanish study group on quinolone resistance.	the susceptibility of 2,426 gram-negative bacteria obtained from 18 spanish hospitals to ciprofloxacin was evaluated. among different medical centers, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ranged from 83 to 100% for enterobacteriaceae, from 35 to 100% for pseudomonas aeruginosa, from 0 to 100% for xanthomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter spp. and other gram-negative non-fermenting bacilli, and from 33 to 100% for campylobacter spp. all clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis a ...	1995	7556239
adenovirus serotype 1 does not act synergistically with moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to induce otitis media in the chinchilla.	a chinchilla model of otitis media in which adenovirus compromise of the tubotympanum facilitates the subsequent induction of middle ear disease was used to investigate moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis pathogenesis. intranasally inoculated m. catarrhalis did readily colonize the nasopharynx of this host; however, despite evidence of viral infection and tubotympanal compromise, m. catarrhalis did not induce culture-positive otitis media in this model.	1995	7558341
otitis media in a population of black american and white american infants, 0-2 years of age.	to determine the incidence of otitis media (om) and the bacteriology of acute otitis media (aom) in a clinic population of young children in pittsburgh, 138 black infants and 60 white infants were followed from birth to 2 years of age, examined at monthly intervals and whenever an upper respiratory tract infection (uri) or om intervened. by 24 months of age the cumulative incidence of episodes of aom was 43% and 42%, and of episodes of middle-ear effusion (mee) was 86% and 85% in black and white ...	1995	7558637
[clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil against community-acquired respiratory tract infections].	we investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (cemt-pi) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections and obtained the following findings. 1. of the 420 respiratory tract infection cases that were treated with cemt-pi according to a same protocol at a total of 42 institutions in tokyo, kanagawa-ken, saitama-ken and chiba-ken from february to the beginning of april 1994, 359 cases in which clinical evaluations were considered possible were selected as the subjects ...	1995	7563588
antibiotic resistance among respiratory pathogens in preschool children.	to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens circulating in the community.	1995	7565207
ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features.	ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens. more than 90% of recent enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. in only five enteric species (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic, wi ...	1995	7567314
postantibiotic effect of ceftibuten on respiratory pathogens.	the postantibiotic effect (pae) of ceftibuten, a novel beta-lactamase-stable cephem, was determined for streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the ceftibuten pae after a 2-hour exposure to 2 micrograms/ml (4 x minimum inhibitory concentration) for s. pyogenes was 2.7 to > 10 hours. the pae for s. pneumoniae after a 2-hour exposure to 15 micrograms/ml, concentrations that are achieved in man after usual therapeutic doses, was 1.1 to 3.4 ...	1995	7567315
ceftibuten: minimal inhibitory concentrations, postantibiotic effect and beta-lactamase stability--a rationale for dosing programs.	ceftibuten, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin with a novel side chain, has broad in vitro activity against most of the important respiratory pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae and both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. furthermore it has high activity against enterobacteriaceae, which contain classic tem-1 beta-lactamases and those containing the new extended spectrum beta-lactamases, which hydrolyze pa ...	1995	7567316
antibiotic susceptibility of the sputum pathogens and throat swab pathogens isolated from the patients undergoing treatment in twenty-one private clinics in japan.	bacteriology of the respiratory isolates from 2,539 patients with respiratory infections in 21 primary care clinics was documented. of a total of 1,887 strains of potential pathogens recovered from 1,507 patients, 996 were gram-positive and 891 were gram-negative. major pathogens were staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. the mic's against microbial isolates of six antimicrobial agents were determined. ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were ...	1995	7570582
changes in the core tonsillar bacteriology of recurrent tonsillitis: 1977-1993.	microbiological studies of the core of tonsils removed from children with recurrent tonsillitis due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were conducted during three periods, with 50 patients in each period: 1977-1978 (period 1), 1984-1985 (period 2), and 1992-1993 (period 3). mixed flora were present in all tonsils, with 8.1 organisms per tonsil (3.8 aerobes and 4.3 anaerobes). the predominant isolates in each period were staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis, peptostreptococcus species ...	1995	7578726
complement resistance is a virulence factor of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis.	the purpose of this study was to investigate complement resistance in branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis isolated from healthy schoolchildren or sputum-producing adult patients. two techniques were used: a serum bactericidal assay as the gold standard and an easier 'culture and spot' test. children (age 4-13; n = 303) and patients (n = 1047) showed high colonization/infection rates with b. catarrhalis (31% and 19%, respectively). complement resistance or intermediate sensitivity occurred freque ...	1995	7581272
the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in finland.	the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic was studied among 125 hospitalized patients. etiologic investigations included blood and sputum cultures, pneumococcal antigen detection, and serologic investigations for common respiratory viruses and for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumococcal antigen detection, and serologic investigations for common and for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenz ...	1995	7594672
influenza a virus--induced acute otitis media.	to better understand the significance of viral upper respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (om), 27 adults underwent intranasal inoculation with influenza a virus. monitoring consisted of antibody titer determination, tympanometry, and otoscopy. microbiologic analysis consisted of cultures and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection for influenza a virus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. all subjects became infe ...	1995	7594675
multi-centre collaborative study for the in vitro evaluation of new macrolides dirithromycin and erythromycylamine. australian group for antimicrobial resistance (agar).	a national study was conducted to determine the in vitro activity of 2 newer macrolides, dirithromycin and erythromycylamine compared with that of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin. nineteen major teaching hospitals participated in the study. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by agar dilution, mostly using iso-sensitest agar and an inoculum of 10(4) cells per spot. 2284 clinically significant strains were isolated in late 1991 and early 1992, comprising 1736 gram-p ...	1995	7603759
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of bo-2727, a new carbapenem.	bo-2727, a new injectable carbapenem, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with those of biapenem, meropenem, imipenem, cefpirome, and ceftazidime. bo-2727 had activity comparable to that of imipenem against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci, with mics at which 90% of strains tested (mic90s) are inhibited being equal to 0.5 microgram/ml or less. against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, bo-2727 was the most active among the ant ...	1995	7625784
pulmonary penetration of ceftazidime.	for an antibiotic to be effective in lower respiratory tract infections, it should be available in adequate concentrations in respiratory tissues and fluids. cephalosporins usually achieve modest concentrations in the respiratory tract. in this study we have determined the pulmonary penetration of intramuscularly administered ceftazidime (a single dose of 1 g). levels of ceftazidime in bronchial secretions (bs), bronchial mucosa (bm), epithelial lining fluid (elf), and serum (s) were measured by ...	1995	7629560
[antibacterial activities of cefmenoxime against recent fresh clinical isolates from patients in sinusitis].	in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (cmx), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cmx and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates from patients of sinusitis that were obtained in our laboratory from october of 1993 to march of 1994. the results are summarized as follows; 1. cmx showed strong antimicrobial activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis that were 3 major aerobic bacteria ...	1995	7637194
moraxella catarrhalis ventriculitis in a child with hydrocephalus and an external ventricular drain.		1995	7638020
antimicrobial therapy issues facing pediatricians.	in the field of infectious diseases, the emergence of new pathogens or old diseases in newly recognized forms; changing virulence of pathogens; changing patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility; new diagnostic techniques, drugs or vaccines; changing concepts of chemoprophylaxis; controversies about medical vs. surgical techniques; and the challenge of care of children with infectious diseases within new guidelines of managed care are recently identified areas of change. the increased resistance ...	1995	7638030
resistance among problem respiratory pathogens in pediatrics.	during the past two decades, the prevalence of beta-lactamase production with nontypable strains of haemophilus influenzae has increased to about 35%. fortunately, rates of resistance to other oral antimicrobials have not developed at a comparable pace. amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime and cefpodoxime remain nearly uniformly active whereas rates of resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, cefaclor, loracarbef, cefprozil, azithromycin and clarithromycin remai ...	1995	7638031
cefixime. a review of its therapeutic efficacy in lower respiratory tract infections.	cefixime is an orally active third generation cephalosporin with in vitro antibacterial activity against most important lower respiratory pathogens. the drug is active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae but not staphylococcus aureus. cefixime has a long elimination half-life (3 hours compared with 0.5 hours for cefaclor and 1.5 hours for cefalexin), which allows once daily administration. several trials have established the c ...	1995	7641600
comparative antimicrobial activity of piperacillin-tazobactam tested against more than 5000 recent clinical isolates from five medical centers. a reevaluation after five years.	piperacillin combined with tazobactam at a fixed concentration (4 micrograms/ml) and a ratio (8:1) was tested against 5,029 aerobic isolates and 447 fastidious organisms, including anaerobes. among the enterobacteriaceae, > 95% inhibition was shared only by imipenem (99.1% at < or = 4 micrograms/ml), and some newer cephalosporins (95.1% - 99.8% at < or = 8 micrograms/ml), and piperacillin-tazobactam (95.8% at < or = 16/4 micrograms/ml). piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent tested ag ...	1995	7648836
lack of serotype-specific antibody response to lipopolysaccharide antigens of moraxella catarrhalis during lower respiratory tract infection.	an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used to determine the antibody response to different serotypes of lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from sputum or nasopharyngeal samples from 20 patients with lrti. sixteen of the isolates were serotype a, four were type b and none were type c. the antibody response to the different lps serotypes was determined in paired sera from patients ...	1995	7649192
multicenter clinical laboratory evaluation of a beta-lactamase disk assay employing a novel chromogenic cephalosporin, s1.	s1, a new chromogenic cephalosporin (international bioclinical, inc., portland, oreg.), was used to detect beta-lactamase production among a variety of commonly encountered bacteria in a four-center collaborative study. results of an s1 disk assay were compared with those obtained by a nitrocefin-based disk procedure (cefinase; becton-dickinson microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.), with repetitive testing of five quality control organisms and with individual tests of recent clinical isolates ...	1995	7650211
relation between beta-lactamase producing bacteria and patient characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).	in addition to bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy, exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are often treated with antibiotics. haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, two important respiratory pathogens, may produce beta-lactamase which makes them resistant to ampicillin. surveillance studies conducted in various countries have shown an increasing incidence of these beta-lactamase producing bacteria. although this may simply b ...	1995	7660337
[cephalosporin treatment of maxillary sinusitis].	a new oral prodrug cephalosporin, cefcanel daloxate, was compared with cefaclor, another oral cephalosporin, in the treatment of acute purulent maxillary sinusitis. three hundred fifty-four patients with purulent sinus secretion were recruited and randomized at thirteen european ent clinics for the double blind study. the patients were treated with either cefcanel 300 mg tablets twice daily or cefaclor 250 mg capsules three times daily for ten days. apart from the sinus puncture and secretion as ...	1995	7662079
dynamics of respiratory tract colonization by branhamella catarrhalis in bronchiectasis.	branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly recognized as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in chronic lung diseases. this project defines a population of patients in whom the dynamics of colonization and infection caused by this organism could be studied. a method employing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of genomic dna was developed. twenty-eight patients with bronchiectasis followed prospectively for 26.8 mo (mean) were seen monthly or bimonthly and at the time of a purulen ...	1995	7663786
assessment of complement-mediated killing of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolates by a simple method.	recently, we showed that complement resistance is an important virulence factor of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. our study used a serum bactericidal assay to determine complement resistance in m. catarrhalis. although the serum bactericidal assay is considered the "gold standard" for determining complement resistance, it is laborious and time-consuming and therefore not well suited for large-scale studies. using a large number (n = 324) of m. catarrhalis isolates obtained from the sputa o ...	1995	7664184
immunological aspects of otitis media: present views on possibilities of immunoprophylaxis of acute otitis media in infants and children.	the article reviews, based on current knowledge of immunological events affecting the middle ear, the possibilities and prospects for the prevention of otitis media (om) by immunologic measures. while pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines proved not to be effective against infant acute otitis media (aom), pneumococcal conjugate vaccines provide good immunogenicity even in infants, and call for trials with better prospects of clinical efficacy. the other future approaches currently under ...	1995	7665281
comparative activities of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections.	to determine the efficacy in vivo of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute infectious bronchopneumopathies, 90 patients, suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and with no known allergies to quinolones, were admitted to the study. patients were randomly divided into three groups of 30; the first group was dosed with pefloxacin 800 mg i.v. every 24 hours; the second group with pefloxacin 800 mg per os every 24 hours and the third with 500 mg per os of ciprofloxac ...	1995	7666121
bacterial antibody assays in the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children.	bacterial antibodies were studied in acute, intermediate and convalescent phase sera (mean duration from first to last sample 36 days) of 121 children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection. antibody responses were observed in 45% of all cases and in 29% of the 21 children < 1 year old. a total of 15 responses to streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumolysin), 20 to haemophilus influenzae, 9 to moraxella catarrhalis, 3 to chlamydiae and 8 to mycoplasma pneumoniae were found. in 79 pati ...	1995	7667051
structural studies of the o-antigen oligosaccharides from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis serotype c.	the oligosaccharide parts from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype c lipooligosaccharides were isolated by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel permeation chromatography. four different oligosaccharides could be identified from strain rs26 and two from strain rs10. the structures of the o-oligosaccharides were established by methylation analyses, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. it is concluded that the oligosaccharide o-antigens from rs26 are a mixture of octa-, deca-, and unde ...	1995	7535189
the tetrasaccharide l-alpha-d-heptose1-->2-l-alpha-d-heptose1--> 3-l-alpha-d-heptose1-->(3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid) and phosphate in lipid a define the conserved epitope in haemophilus lipopolysaccharides recognized by a monoclonal antibody.	a murine monoclonal antibody, mahi 3 (immunoglobulin g2b), that is broadly reactive with haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides (lpss) but nonreactive with all enterobacterial lpss tested was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004. mahi 3 bound to all h. influenzae, all other human haemophilus spp., all bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, and all aeromonas spp. tested but not to any neisseria o ...	1995	7543887
serum antibody response to proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with lower respiratory tract infection.	we searched for antibodies against moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis proteins in the sera of patients with lower respiratory tract infection. sera from 48 patients with m. catarrhalis and 39 patients without m. catarrhalis in their lower respiratory tract specimens were studied by a gel electrophoresis-immunoperoxidase technique; sera from 23 healthy adult blood donors were also included. immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against a 28-kda protein were found significantly more frequently in pat ...	1995	7719906
human immune response against outer membrane proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis determined by immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay.	the role of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis as a respiratory tract pathogen is increasingly recognized. we looked at the human immune response against individual outer membrane proteins of m. catarrhalis and against the 81-kda copb protein, which has previously been shown to be a target for protective antibodies. paired serum samples from six elderly patients with pneumonia were tested by western blot (immunoblot) analysis by using outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis 035e as antigen. a ...	1995	7719910
cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding frpb, a major iron-regulated, outer membrane protein of neisseria gonorrhoeae.	frpb (for fe-regulated protein b) is a 76-kda outer membrane protein that is part of the iron regulon of neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis. the frpb gene from gonococcal strain fa19 was cloned and sequenced. frpb was homologous to several tonb-dependent outer membrane receptors of escherichia coli as well as hemr of yersinia enterocolitica and copb of moraxella catarrhalis. an omga insertion into the frpb coding sequence caused a 60% reduction in 55fe uptake from heme, but careful ...	1995	7721696
[microbiological study of the nasopharynx].	a microbiological study of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx have been carried out in 90 children subjected to adenoidectomy by chronically hypertrophied and infected adenoids. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus are the most important pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infection. adenoidectomy produces a physiological effect on the nasopharyngeal microflora by converting an abnormal flora in ...	1995	7734162