Publications

appetite-suppressing effects of urotensin i and corticotropin-releasing hormone in goldfish (carassius auratus).	fish urotensin i (ui), a member of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) family of peptides, is a potent inhibitor of food intake in mammals, yet the role of ui in the control of food intake in fish is not known. therefore, to determine the acute effects of ui on appetite relative to those of crh, goldfish were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of carp/goldfish ui and rat/human crh (0.2-200 ng/g) and food intake was assessed for a 2-hour period after the injection. ui and crh ...	2001	11340339
a probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks.	silver (ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. a steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in monte carlo simulatio ...	2001	11351445
differential expression of max and two types of c-myc genes in a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	we cloned the full-length cdna of max gene from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the cdna clone of carp max consists of 1209 bp and contained an atg-initiated orf consisting of 156 aa. the carp max share 76.7-93.8% aa identity with those of human, mouse, rat, chicken, xenopus and zebrafish, respectively. the 15 bp alternative splicing was observed in the loop region of helix-loop-helix and is not previously described in mammalian max sequences. transcripts of max gene were observed in all of t ...	2001	11376943
levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in fish: the influence on local decision making about fish consumption.	in 1989, the level of aroclor 1254 (a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls with 42 percent chlorine by weight) in fish collected from a recreational pond in toledo, ohio, was reported to be 44.4 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), prompting local health officials to declare a "no fishing advisory" for the pond. a second study conducted in 1990 did not identify elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in fish tissue. in other words, the two studies gave conflicting results. the purpose of ...	2001	11381865
effects of carp and tuna oils on 5-fluorouracil-induced antitumor activity and side effects in sarcoma 180-bearing mice.	in this study, we examined the effects of fish oils on 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-induced antitumor activity in mice. first, we examined the antitumor activity of the oral administration of two fish oils (carp oil and tuna oil) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. carp oil (0.2 and 0.4 ml/mouse) and tuna oil (0.2 and 0.4 ml/mouse) had no effects on tumor growth. next, we examined the combined effects of 5-fu plus two fish oils (carp oil and tuna oil) on the antitumor activity and side effects compared to the ...	2001	11383685
immunological parameters of javanese carp puntius gonionotus (bleeker) exposed to copper and challenged with aeromonas hydrophila.	this study was to determine the median lethal concentration (lc50) of copper to javenese carp, puntius gonionotus (bleeker), and the immune response after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of copper and challenged with formalin killed aeromonas hydrophila. the lc50 of copper on p. gonionotus at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h were estimated as 2.17, 0.91, 0.57, 0.53 and 0.42 mg l(-1), respectively. to determine the effect of copper on the immune system, fish were exposed for 66 days to 0.05, 0. ...	2001	11417716
identification and localization of connexin26 within the photoreceptor-horizontal cell synaptic complex.	connexin26 (cx26) is a member of the family of integral membrane proteins that normally form intercellular gap junctional channels. we have used western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and single-cell reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification (rt-pcr) to analyze the expression and cellular localization of cx26 in the carp retina. in the outer plexiform layer, strong clustered cx26 immunolabeling was concentrated at and restricted to the terminal dendr ...	2001	11417791
immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxin b1 in indian major carp (labeo rohita).	aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a potent immunomodulator in endotherms. the experiment was carried out to study the immunosuppressive nature of afb1 in one ectothermic species of indian major carp. graded levels (0, 1.25, 5.00 mg/kg of body weight) of purified afb1 were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into rohu (labeo rohita) fingerlings weighing 30-50 g, and the fish were observed for a period of 90 days. at the end of the trial, blood samples were collected from the control group as well as the afb1 ...	2001	11440188
comparative analysis of autoxidation of haemoglobin.	autoxidation of oxyhaemoglobin (oxyhb) to methaemoglobin was measured at different temperatures in haemoglobin solutions from atlantic hagfish, river lamprey, common carp, yellowfin tuna and pig. the aims were to evaluate the impact of the absent distal histidine in hagfish haemoglobin, the importance of oxyhb being either monomeric (hagfish and lamprey) or tetrameric (carp, tuna and pig) and to gain information on the temperature-sensitivity of autoxidation. the rate of autoxidation was lower i ...	2001	11441044
characterization of human skeletal muscle ankrd2.	human ankrd2 transcript encodes a 37-kda protein that is similar to mouse ankrd2 recently shown to be involved in hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. these novel ankyrin-rich proteins are related to c-193/carp/marp, a cardiac protein involved in the control of cardiac hypertrophy. a human genomic region of 14,300 bp was sequenced revealing a gene organization similar to mouse ankrd2 with nine exons, four of which encode ankyrin repeats. the intracellular localization of ankrd2 was unknown since no p ...	2001	11444853
multiple vesiculoviral matrix proteins inhibit both nuclear export and import.	the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits both nuclear import and export. here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory property is conserved between the m proteins from two other vesiculoviruses, chandipura virus and spring viremia carp virus. all three m proteins completely block nuclear transport of spliced mrna, small nuclear rnas, and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and slow the nuclear transport of many other cargoes. in all cases where transport was merely slowed by the m ...	2001	11447272
identification of a novel human ankyrin-repeated protein homologous to carp.	we cloned a novel ankyrin repeat protein, arpp, by immunoscreening a cdna library constructed from a human esophageal carcinoma cell line, te1, with an antibody directed to a hypothetical protein encoded by antisense p53 mrna. arpp protein is composed of 333 amino acids and contains four ankyrin-like repeat motifs in the middle portion of the protein, a pest-like sequence and a lysine-rich sequence similar to a nuclear localization signal in the n-terminal region, and a proline-rich region conta ...	2001	11453652
rainbow trout glucose transporter (onmyglut1): functional assessment in xenopus laevis oocytes and expression in fish embryos.	recently, we reported the cloning of a putative glucose transporter (onmyglut1) from rainbow trout embryos. in this paper, we describe the functional characteristics of onmyglut1 and its expression during embryonic development of rainbow trout. transport of d-glucose was analysed in xenopus laevis oocytes following microinjection of mrna transcribed in vitro. these experiments confirmed that onmyglut1 is a facilitative na(+)-independent transporter. assessment of substrate selectivity, sensitivi ...	2001	11533116
the chemical and biogenotoxic characterization of organic xenobiotics in aquatic sediment materials 1. the application and comparison of chemically non-specific and biogenotoxic methods.	the aim of this work was to evaluate the ames assay and mixed function oxidase (mfo)-induct test used in parallel with chemical group tests (ecd fingerprint and pah estimation) for the characterization of the organic pollution of water sediment materials. sediment materials were collected from "clean" and relatively heavily polluted locations in the middle adriatic sea, and from some locations in continental croatia polluted with wastewaters from different enterprises. characterization of the or ...	2001	11534898
effects of bioaccumulation of pcbs on biodiversity and distribution of fish in two creeks in east tennessee (usa).	the oak ridge reservation, established in tennessee during world war ii as a research, development and process facilities support for the manhattan project, released large quantities of organic, inorganic and radionuclear contaminants into the environment. their effects are particularly evident in aquatic ecosystems, as chemical concentrations in water, and as a disease in biodiversity and species richness. east fork poplar creek and its tributary, bear creek flow inside the reservation and have ...	2001	11554182
expression of soluble form carp (cyprinus carpio) ovarian cystatin in escherichia coli and its purification.	a dna encoding thioredoxin-mature carp ovarian cystatin (trx-cystatin) fusion protein was ligated into a pet-23a(+) expression vector and then transformed into escherichia coli ad494(de3) expression host. after induction by isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside, a high level of the soluble form of recombinant trx-cystatin was expressed in the cytoplasm of e. coli. the recombinant trx-cystatin could be purified by ni(2+)-nta agarose affinity chromatography. the molecular mass (m) of the recombin ...	2001	11559115
insulin alone can lead to a withdrawal of meiotic arrest in the carp oocyte.	meiotic arrest of oocyte in an indian carp, labeo rohita ham. has been found for the first time to be withdrawn by insulin only. addition of insulin to oocytes in vitro caused germinal vesicle breakdown (gvbd), one of the first visual markers to determine initiation of the final maturational process. under the influence of insulin the germinal vesicle (gv) of the oocyte migrated towards the animal pole, reached the micropyle and then dissolved (gvbd). by using different concentrations of insulin ...	2001	11568479
putative basal lateral membrane receptors for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) in carp and atlantic cod enterocytes: characterization of binding and effects on intracellular calcium regulation.	the vitamin d metabolite, 24r,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) (24r,25(oh)(2)d(3)), was tested for its ability to specifically bind to basal lateral membranes isolated from intestinal epithelium of atlantic cod (a seawater fish), carp (a freshwater fish), and chicken. specific saturable binding was demonstrated in membranes from all three species. membranes from atlantic cod, carp, and chicken revealed k(d)'s of 7.3 +/- 0.9, 12.5 +/- 0.9 and 7.8 +/- 0.1 nm, and a b(max) for each species estimated to 57. ...	2001	11573235
is aeromonas hydrophila the dominant motile aeromonas species that causes disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the zhejiang province of china?	the significance of aeromonas hydrophila in association with disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the zhejiang province of china was investigated. bacteriological examination of moribund fish and crabs resulted in 95 bacterial isolates: 88 bacterial isolates from fish and 7 isolates from crabs. pcr and traditional biochemical methods were used for identification of a. hydrophila. out of 69 motile aeromonads, 35 isolates were identified as a. hydrophila by biochemical tests. however, 6 ...	2001	11592699
multiple transcripts generated by the dcamkl gene are expressed in the rat hippocampus.	we have recently cloned a novel doublecortin camk-like kinase (rdcamkl) cdna, and a related cdna called camk-related peptide (carp) from the rat hippocampus. these genes are structurally highly similar to the human dcamkl-1 gene and doublecortin, a gene associated with x-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia. here we report on the genomic organization of the murine dcamkl gene and its products. our results show that dcamkl and carp are alternative splice products of the same gene ...	2001	11597766
glutamate transporter eaac1 is expressed on müller cells of lower vertebrate retinas.	the expression of glutamate transporter eaac1 was investigated in carp and bullfrog retinas using western blotting, immunofluorescence double labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopic techniques. in addition to a variety of retinal neurons, radially oriented elements spanning the whole neural retinas of carp and bullfrog were also eaac1-immunoreactive, and eaac1 was found to be predominantly on the cell membrane. virtually all eaac1-labeled radial elements were immunopositive to glial fib ...	2001	11599005
effects of chloro-s-triazine herbicides and metabolites on aromatase activity in various human cell lines and on vitellogenin production in male carp hepatocytes.	we investigated a potential mechanism for the estrogenic properties of three chloro-s-triazine herbicides and six metabolites in vitro in several cell systems. we determined effects on human aromatase (cyp19), the enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens, in h295r (adrenocortical carcinoma), jeg-3 (placental choriocarcinoma), and mcf-7 (breast cancer) cells; we determined effects on estrogen receptor-mediated induction of vitellogenin in primary hepatocyte cultures of adult male carp (cyprinu ...	2001	11675267
determination of metallothionein at the femtomole level by constant current stripping chronopotentiometry.	metallothionein (mt) from rabbit liver was analyzed by differential pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (cpsa) with a hanging mercury drop electrode under various conditions. the highest sensitivity of the mt determination was obtained with cpsa which produced a well-developed peak h due to catalytic hydrogen evolution at highly negative potentials. the highest peak h was obtained in borate buffer close to ph 8.0. in this m ...	2001	11681454
hyperactivity and impulsiveness in rats fed diets supplemented with either aroclor 1248 or pcb-contaminated st. lawrence river fish.	we examined whether exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) around puberty would produce hyperactivity and impulsiveness in adult sprague-dawley rats. randomly assigned groups consumed food containing environmental concentrations of aroclor 1248, pcb-contaminated st. lawrence river carp, or corn oil (control). all received operant training to a final multiple (mult) 120-s, fixed interval (fi), 5-min extinction (ext) schedule. pressing rates of both exposed groups for drops of water averaged ...	2001	11704246
genetic dissection of corticosterone receptor function in the rat hippocampus.	the hippocampus, a brain structure with a crucial role in learning and memory and an involvement in stress-related neurological or psychiatric disorders, is extremely sensitive to aberrant levels of corticosteroid stress hormones (cort). we hypothesized that cort-affected brain disorders are the result of aberrant expression of specific cort-responsive genes. in order to identify such genes, we have applied several gene expression profiling techniques such as differential display, dna micro-arra ...	2001	11704419
fish monocytes as a model for mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions.	mycobacterium marinum, a relatively rapid-growing fish and human pathogen, has become an important model for the investigation of mycobacterial pathogenesis. m. marinum is closely related to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and causes a disease in fish and amphibians with pathology similar to tuberculosis. we have developed an in vitro model for the study of m. marinum virulence mechanisms using the carp monocytic cell line clc (carp leukocyte culture). we found that fish monocytes can dif ...	2001	11705902
retina-specific cis-elements and binding nuclear proteins of carp rhodopsin gene.	the upstream cis-elements controlling the retina-specific expression of carp rhodopsin gene were fully characterized in vivo. transgenic studies demonstrated that both carp neural retina leucine zipper response-like element (cnre, within nucleotides (nt) -63 to -75) and carp-specific element (cse, nt -46 to -52) were crucial to reporter gene expression in medaka retinae. the retina-specific expression rates of embryos injected with nt -1 to -641 and longer fragments were much higher than those o ...	2001	11718728
effect of dietary beta-1,3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin b1-induced immunocompromised rohu (labeo rohita hamilton).	the immunostimulant beta-1,3 glucan was fed at 0.1% in feed for 7 days to healthy and aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-induced immunocompromised fish, labeo rohita (one of the major tropical carp species), in a 60 day trial. the effects of afb1, glucan and their interactions on non-specific and specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were studied. a single intraperitoneal injection of afb1 at 1.25 mg kg(-1) body weight) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in non-specific immunity as mea ...	2001	11759039
cytological alterations in isolated hepatocytes from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to microcystin-lr.	microcystin-lr (mc-lr) is the most commonly encountered of the toxic cyclic peptide hepatotoxins occurring in china. it is a model compound for toxicological studies. in this study, the toxicity of mc-lr (50 and 500 micrograms/l) on isolated carp hepatocytes was determined and the ultrastructural alterations of cells induced by mc-lr were observed. the alterations noted when hepatocytes were exposed to 50 micrograms/l mc-lr were blebbing of cell membrane, shrinking and deformation of nuclei, ves ...	2001	11769250
biosynthesis of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in the ovaries of grey mullet (mugil cephalus) during induced ovulation by carp pituitary homogenates and an lhrh analogue.	three female mullets received a priming injection of carp pituitary homogenate followed by a resolving injection of an lhrh analogue 24 hr later. ovarian biopsies were obtained just prior to the first injection (phase i), 24 hr after the first injection (i.e., immediately before the second injection, phase ii), and 8 hr after the second injection (phase iii). two fish (nos. 1 and 3) spawned approximately 12 hr after the second injection. serum levels of testosterone increased to some extent duri ...	2001	1783267
effects of locally applied chemicals on transretinal potential and horizontal cells in the isolated carp retina. ii. calcium-chelator.		2001	98753
somatotropic regulation of fish growth and adiposity: growth hormone (gh) and somatolactin (sl) relationship.	growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factors (igfs) play a major role in fish development and metabolism, and several studies have allowed discernment of a complex and tissue-specific collection of salmonid igf-i transcripts (ea-4, ea-3, ea-2, ea-1), which are the result of the alternative splicing of the e-domain region. however, the pattern of igf-i expression is different in non-salmonid fish, and only one or two transcripts (ea-4, ea-2) have been detected in hepatic and extrahepatic t ...	2001	11738631
differential expression and characterization analysis of a new gene with wd domains in fish oogenesis.	a new gene with wd domains is cloned and characterized according to its differential transcription and expression between previtellogenic oocytes (phase i oocytes) and fully-grown oocytes (phase v oocytes) from natural gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) by using the combinative methods of suppressive subtraction hybridization, smart cdna synthesis and race-pcr. the full-length cdna is 1870 bp. its 5' untranslated region is 210 bp, followed by an open reading frame of 990 ...	2001	18726400
[studies on genetic diversity in gonochoristic offspring produced from mating between two different gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp].	based on the discovery of gonochoristic reproductive mode in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), 18 individuals from the mated offspring between clone f and clone d and their parents were analyzed using 11 rapd primers. the mated offspring differentiated into three phenotypes. one phenotype is similar to that of clone f (sf). the second is similar to that of clone d (sd). the third shows a novel longer and thinner body type (nl). electrophoretogram results show abundant polymorhic d ...	2001	12549217
induction of gynogenesis and androgenesis in goldfish carassius auratus (var. oranda).	chromosome engineering was used to develop lines that expressed the stable phenotypic characteristics of goldfish, carassius auratus (var. oranda). to obtain androgenetic individuals, carp eggs were irradiated and fertilized with sperm from goldfish bearing telescopic eyes. the fertilized eggs were divided into four groups and three of them were subjected to heat-shock treatment at 42 degrees c for 2.0 min at 34, 37 and 40 min after fertilization. all groups exhibited low viability of embryos an ...	2001	11555368
genetic diversity among different clones of the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, revealed by transferrin and isozyme markers.	genetic diversity among four clones (a, d, e, f) of gynogenetic silver crucian carp was studied using transferrin and isozymes in the blood as markers. of the five proteins investigated, three (transferrin, esterase and superoxide dismutase) indicated polymorphism and eight polymorphic loci were detected. these loci were probably encoded by codominant alleles and their inheritance patterns were analyzed. intraclonal homogeneity and interclonal heterogeneity were observed in these clones, which a ...	2001	11530857
differential gene expression in fully-grown oocytes between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carps.	silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique triploid bisexual species that can reproduce by gynogenesis. as all other gynogenetic animals, it keeps its chromosome integrity by inhibiting the first meiosis division (no extrusion of the first pole body). to understand the molecular events governing this reproduction mode, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in fully-grown oocytes of the gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian ...	2001	11410372
forskolin modulation of desensitization at gaba(a) and glycine receptors is not mediated by camp-dependent protein kinase in isolated carp amacrine-like cells.	the effects of forskolin on gamma-aminobutyric acid type-a (gaba(a)) and glycine receptors in amacrine-like cells of carp (carassius auratus) retina were studied using patch-clamp techniques. application of 50 microm forskolin markedly accelerated the desensitization of whole-cell responses induced by 100 microm gaba or glycine without changing the peak amplitude of the response. both 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-br-camp) and 3-isobutyl-1 -methylxanthine (ibmx) (500 microm) fai ...	2001	11316256
differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein zp3 cdnas between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carp.	gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model system. in the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. five differential cdna fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are zp3 homol ...	2001	11305321
glycosylated molecular variants of c-reactive proteins from the major carp catla catla in fresh and polluted aquatic environments.	elevated level of pollutant specific glycosylated molecular variants of c-reactive protein have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the sera of major carp, catla catla confined in freshwater (crp(n)) and water polluted with nonlethal doses of cadmium (crp(cd)), mercury (crp(hg)), phenol (crp(ph)) and hexachlorocyclohexane (crp(hex)). these crps differ amongst themselves in electrophoretic mobility, and in their carbohydrate content ranging from 20-50%. crps interact with pneumococc ...	2001	12151716
role of two plasma vitellogenins from indian major carp (cirrhinus mrigala) in catfish (clarias batrachus) vitellogenesis.	complete vitellogenesis (synthesis and incorporation of vitellogenin, vg) in the female catfish, clarias batrachus, during different reproductive phases (preparatory, prespawning, and postspawning) of its annual ovarian cycle is induced by administering heterologous vg (semipurified; ult-i and purified; ha-i and ha-ii) isolated from the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala). during the prespawning period, ult-i, which contains both ha-i and ha-ii, showed a dose-dependent response in rela ...	2001	11703069
effects of 17alpha-methyltestosterone on seminal vesicle development and semen release response in the african catfish, clarias gariepinus.	the effects of 17alpha-methyltestosterone on seminal vesicle development in the african catfish, clarias gariepinus, were investigated in an attempt to improve semen collection from this species. treatment of larvae with dietary 17alpha-methyltestosterone at 50 mg kg(-1) for days 12-33 or days 12-40 after hatching, or at 20 mg kg(-1) for days 12-26, 12-33, 12-40 or 12-47 after hatching inhibited the development of the seminal vesicle finger-like extensions in male catfish, but did not affect the ...	2001	11690543
direct and trophic contamination of the herbivorous carp ctenopharyngodon idella by inorganic mercury and methylmercury.	a comparative analysis of inorganic mercury (hg(ii)) and methylmercury (mmhg) bioaccumulation by the herbivorous fish ctenopharyngodon idella, via the direct and "direct+trophic" routes, was investigated experimentally. the direct contamination was based on fairly low exposure conditions (hg(ii), 300 ng small middle dotl(-1); mmhg, 30 ng small middle dotl(-1)), for 15 and 30 days. the trophic uptake was based on ingestion of macrophyte leaves (elodea densa), previously exposed for 87 days to sim ...	2001	11534952
the distribution of osteocalcin, degree of mineralization, and mechanical properties along the length of cyprinus carpio rib bone.	this study examined the spatial distribution of selected biochemical and mechanical properties along the length of carp rib bone. carp rib bone was chosen because of its unusually high osteocalcin content relative to other extractable proteins. the amount of osteocalcin was significantly lower (p<0.01) at the most distal section, relative to all other sections. the amount of phosphate (p<0.05) and the elastic modulus in the longitudinal plane (p<0.0001) were found to be significantly higher in t ...	2001	15348241
differential modulation by ampa of signals from red- and green-sensitive cones in carp retinal luminosity-type horizontal cells.	intracellular recordings were made from luminosity-type horizontal cells (lhcs) in the isolated superfused carp retina and the effect of ampa (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid), a glutamate receptor agonist, on these cells was studied. ampa suppressed the responses of lhcs driven by red-sensitive (r-) cones whereas it potentiated the responses driven by green-sensitive (g-) cones. the ampa effect could be completely blocked by gyki 53655, a specific ampa receptor antagoni ...	2001	18726418
[compound epsps and action potential of mauthner cell evoked by skin stimulation in crucian carp].	to investigate the effects of afferent excitatory inputs from skin on the excitability of mauthner cell (m cell) of crucian carp.	2001	12905874
the influence of gabaergic drugs upon lh secretion from the pituitary of the common carp: an in vitro study.	in the present study, the perifusions of whole pituitary glands of spermiating male common carp were performed in the presence of several gabaergic drugs. muscimol (agonist of gaba(a) receptors) and bicuculline (the antagonist of the same type of gaba receptors) did not modify basal lh release. lh basal secretion was not modified when pituitaries were perifused with baclofen--an agonist of gabab receptors. on the other hand, baclofen at doses of 10(-8) and 10(-4) m significantly decreased gnrh-a ...	2001	14666167
channel catfish follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone: complementary dna cloning and expression during ovulation.	gonadotropins are important regulators of reproduction. to develop molecular resources for production of recombinant gonadotropins, we have cloned and sequenced complementary dna encoding the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh), which encode 132 and 140 amino acid proteins, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of the catfish fsh and lh are highly conserved with those cloned from other teleosts. both the fsh and the lh we ...	2001	14961331
invasive carp in china's plateau lakes.		2001	11695424
segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterozygosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	thirty-three androgenetic progeny groups of common carp were analysed using 11 microsatellite markers to (i) verify the homozygous status of the 566 androgenetic individuals, (ii) analyse the microsatellite allele segregation, and (iii) study the possible association of microsatellite alleles with phenotypic traits. in total, 92% of the androgenetic individuals proved to be homozygous at all 11 loci. forty-three of the 47 heterozygous individuals were heterozygous at a single locus only. this he ...	2001	11681597
a permanent fish cell line (epc) for genotoxicity testing of marine sediments with the comet assay.	genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated in an in vitro system with a permanent cell line epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) derived from a skin tumour of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). epc cells were exposed to different concentrations of organic sediment extracts from the north sea for 24h. after incubation the cells were analysed for viability and dna strand breaks with the comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (scge). the results confirm the sensitivity of this assay. out of 10 mar ...	2001	11673072
construction and characterization of bac libraries for three fish species; rainbow trout, carp and tilapia.	bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries are important tools for genomic research. we have constructed seven genomic bac libraries from three fish species, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). the two rainbow trout bac libraries have average insert sizes of 58 and 110 kb. the average size of inserts in the carp bac library is 160 kb. the average insert sizes of the four tilapia bac libraries are 65, 105, 145 and 194 kb, respectiv ...	2001	11531698
vitellogenin gene transcription: a relative quantitative exposure indicator of environmental estrogens.	we report the development of a quantifiable exposure indicator for measuring the presence of environmental estrogens in aquatic systems. synthetic oligonucleotides, designed specifically for the vitellogenin gene (vg) transcription product, were used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol. this extremely sensitive and rapid method was able to detect vitellogenin gene transcription in male common carp (cyprinus carpio) injected with 17beta-estradiol. sequence analy ...	2001	11521824
identification and quantitation method for nonylphenol and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissues.	substantial research is currently focused on the toxicological effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates (apes) and alkylphenols (aps) on aquatic animals. considerable data are available on the concentrations of apes and aps in river systems in the united states; however, few if any data are available on the tissue concentrations of fish living in these rivers. a reliable method for the analysis of nonylphenol (np) and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates (npe1-3) in fish tissues has been developed. ...	2001	11521811
effects of light and darkness on cell deaths in damaged retinal ganglion cells of the carp retina.	effects of light and darkness on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) in young carp were measured by tunel method after transection of the optic nerve. following the operation, the fish were kept under one of four regimens; constant darkness (dd), constant light (ll), 12 hr light and 12 hr dark (ld) and 3 hr of flickering light followed by 21 hr in the dark (fl). on day 3, the highest ratio of apoptotic rgcs was seen under conditions of dd, followed by ll, ld, and fl. on day 6, the per ...	2001	11512415
3-methylcholanthrene increases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced respiratory burst activity and intracellular calcium levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l) macrophages.	phagocytic cells play a key role in the fish immune system. they secrete reactive oxygen species (ros) involved in their bactericidal activity. these cells are highly sensitive to pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants. we have investigated the intracellular mechanisms by which 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) increased bactericidal activity of carp phagocytes. macrophages isolated from head kidney (pronephros) and incubated 1 h with 3-mc enhanced their production ...	2001	11509021
toxic effects of copper and zinc mixtures on some haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, cyprinus carpio (linn).	the effect of heavy metals and mixture were studied on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fish, cyprinus carpio at sublethal level over the period of 30 days. heavy metal significantly decreased total rbc count, haemogoblin, heamatocrit (hct) (except copper after 10 days exposure). the wbc count was increased significantly in all the treated fish. the mch, mchc, mvc were increased depending upon the exposure period; declined pvc was noticed at 1% level of significance after 30 day ...	2001	11500014
identification of two hsp90 genes in carp.	two hsp90 cdna isoforms (hsp90alpha and hsp90beta) were isolated from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). gene-specific probes and primers were selected and used in northern blot hybridization and rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal hsp90 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of the hsp90 genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. the hsp90beta gene is largely constitutively expressed at a fairly high level in all the examined tissues (brain, liver and kidney) and is ...	2001	11489437
effect of temperature on the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp, cyprinus carpio (l.).	the effect of temperature on the uptake kinetics of strontium (sr) in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) was studied in vivo, exposing pre-acclimated fish to a wide range of sr concentrations in water (sr(total)=0.2-10,000 microm; ca(total)=348 microm) at 10, 20, 25 and 30 degrees c. sr uptake rates were determined in the whole body, gills and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h and were analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca in water. the uptake of sr(2+) by t ...	2001	11489303
organization of the nkef gene and its expression in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	natural killer enhancing factor (nkef) is a member of the newly defined peroxiredoxin (prx) family. its functions are to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of natural killer cells and to prevent dna and protein from being damaged by oxidative stress in the presence of thiol compounds. however, little is known about the structure and function of nkef in lower vertebrates. we have recently cloned a cdna encoding nkef from the common carp (cyprinus carpio) by use of suppression subtractive hybridizatio ...	2001	11472781
in situ hybridization of somatolactin transcripts in the pituitary glands from acclimatized carp (cyprinus carpio).	we isolated and cloned a carp somatolactin sl dna fragment, of which 78% of the nucleotides were identical to the corresponding salmon sl sequence. the results obtained upon northern blot hybridization of carp pituitary rna allowed the identification of two transcripts as described for other fish. when the content of sl transcripts in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp was quantified by in situ hybridization assays, we found no significant differences between the two se ...	2001	11471523
how to avoid cardiac ischemic events associated with aortic surgery.	whereas there is some degree of coronary artery disease (cad) in most patients undergoing vascular surgery, there is no consensus regarding how to avoid perioperative cardiac ischemic events. although this edition of seminars in vascular surgery is devoted to aortic surgery, it must be remembered that the incidence of adverse cardiac outcomes after infrainguinal operations is at least as great as after aortic procedures. thus, much of the information discussed herein will be applicable to patien ...	2001	11740831
the influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes.	there is growing awareness that patterns of habitat use by animals cannot be isolated from issues of scale. recently, techniques have been devised which allow empirical testing of hypotheses related to the effects of spatial scale on habitat use. we used spatially explicit statistical procedures to examine the roles of scale and habitat arrangement in determining fish distribution patterns in a reach of an australian lowland river. native golden perch and introduced common carp were tracked day ...	2001	24577692
low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses.	vertebrate cone photoreceptors are known to show lower light sensitivity and briefer photoresponses than rod photoreceptors. to understand the molecular mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses, we compared some of the reactions in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones. for this purpose, rods and cones were obtained in quantities large enough to do biochemical studies. the cells were purified from the retina of carp (cyprinus carpio) with a stepwise percoll gradient. the puri ...	2001	11707584
projection of sensory neurons with microvilli to the lateral olfactory tract indicates their participation in feeding behaviour in crucian carp.	in the olfactory system of vertebrates, a large number of primary sensory neurons terminate in glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, where they make synapses with a significantly smaller number of secondary neurons. we applied small amounts of a lipophilic neural tracer (dil) in the glomerular regions of the lateral olfactory bulb in crucian carp, and investigated the centrifugal migration of this stain through the secondary neurons towards the brain and peripherally to the sensory neurons of the olf ...	2001	11705799
is feeding behaviour in crucian carp mediated by the lateral olfactory tract?	experiments were performed to investigate which bundle of the olfactory tract was essential for mediating feeding behaviour in crucian carp. fish were divided in three groups: control fish, fish with only the lateral olfactory tracts (lots) intact and fish with the lots cut. the fish were maintained in physiological saline after surgery to preserve the remaining tracts and postoperative inspections revealed the functional status of the remaining tracts. with the injection of food odour into the ...	2001	11705798
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissue samples from three species in the denver, colorado, usa, metropolitan area.	the rocky mountain arsenal (rma), a superfund site near denver, colorado, usa, has a history of various industrial processes that may have led to the release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the pcdds, pcdfs, and non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted pcbs cause a common set of toxic effects that are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). the total ahr-mediated activity of complex mixtures in ...	2001	11699766
the effect of two alkylphenols on vitellogenin levels in male carp.	nonylphenol and octylphenol, the major biodegradation products of nonionic surfactants, are among the increasing number of widely used industrial chemicals that are recognized as endocrine disrupters. in this study, nonylphenol and octylphenol were administered to male carp by injection, feeding and immersion, and a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to monitor the plasma levels of the yolk precursor vitellogenin over time. in injection and feeding experiments, vitellog ...	2001	11699573
role of ph on the calcium ion dependence of the nitric oxide synthase in the carp brain.	the role of ph on the calcium dependence of nitric oxide synthase (nos) of cyprinus carpio brain was investigated. this fish is known to survive prolonged periods of hypoxia. under this condition, cerebral blood flow is no longer regulated by nitric oxide (no). nitric oxide synthase activity is ph dependent in the range of ph between 7.4 and 6.2 with a decrease when tissue acidifies. at acidic ph, the dependence of the nos activity on the free ca(2+) concentrations changes considerably and shows ...	2001	11604251
trace metal levels in freshwater fish, sediment and water.	the trace metal concentrations in water, sediment and aquatic organisms, such as fish, could indicate the level and tendency of the pollution. this is important not only for the protection of the environment, but for evaluation of the quality of fish meat either captured from natural waters or cultured in fishponds. the total trace metal concentrations in samples of fish from different regions of hungary and from different species have been determined by using an x-ray fluorescence technique (ed ...	2001	11601363
surviving anoxia with the brain turned on.	crucian carp is one of few vertebrates that tolerate anoxia. it maintains brain atp during anoxia partially by reducing atp consumption. however, unlike turtles, which become comatose during anoxia, this fish remains physically active. this striking difference in anoxic survival strategy is reflected all the way down to the cellular level.	2001	11572925
[erod induction in liver microsome of carp(cyprinus carpio) by nitroaromatic hydrocarbons in vitro].	nine nitroaromatic hydrocarbons (nahs) induction of erod activity was investigated by an in vitro assay based on carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatic microsome system. all nine nahs tested were found to induce the activity of erod. there was dose-effect relationship between erod activity and concentrations of nahs. it was found that erod activity was different, when different groups substituted at the same position of benzene ring, or the same group was at different position of benzene ring.	2001	11569104
modulation of fish phagocytic cells by n-terminal peptides of proopiomelanocortin (npp).	n-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin (npp, or pro-gamma-msh) has shown to exhibit biological activity such as stimulation of adrenal mitogenesis and prolactin release-inhibiting factor activity. structurally, studies reveal a significant difference between fish npp from that of tetrapods, as npps from carp and salmonid lack gamma-msh. thus, fish npp may exhibit functions different from that of mammals. the activation of phagocytic cells by npp was analysed using rainbow trout oncorhynchus m ...	2001	11550181
identification of beta-endorphins in the pituitary gland and blood plasma of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	carp beta-endorphin is posttranslationally modified by n-terminal acetylation and c-terminal cleavage. these processes determine the biological activity of the beta-endorphins. forms of beta-endorphin were identified in the pars intermedia and the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the common carp (cyprinus carpio), as well as the forms released in vitro and into the blood. after separation and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with radioimmunoassay, the ...	2001	11312144
analysis of spontaneous epscs in retinal horizontal cells of the carp.	spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) were recorded under whole-cell voltage clamp from carp type 1 horizontal cells (h1 cells) uncoupled by dopamine in retinal slices. red light steps, which hyperpolarise cones and reduce glutamate release, induced outward current responses accompanied by a suppression of sepscs. sepscs decayed exponentially with a mean time constant of 0.71+/-0.07 ms and had a reversal potential near 0 mv. power spectral analysis of sepscs revealed a similar de ...	2001	11311408
a new syndrome with craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphisms and developmental delay.	we report a 16-year-old boy with multiple craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphic features including brachycephaly, acrocephaly, hypertelorism, wide palpebral fissures, broad nose, anteverted nares, broad columella, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, macrostomia, carp-like mouth, micrognathia, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears with small and abnormal pinnae, a low posterior hairline, a short neck, hypoplastic and widely-spaced nipples, multiple severe pterygia, an umbilical hernia, meta ...	2001	11311002
a peptide derived from the c-terminal part of a plant cysteine protease folds into a stack of two beta-hairpins, a scaffold present in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors.	a 35 amino acid residue peptide corresponding to the n-terminal subdomain of the granulin-like repeat from rice oryzain beta was synthesized and regioselectively oxidized to produce a species with a [1-3, 2-4] disulfide-pairing pattern. the resulting peptide was studied in solution using nmr and was shown to adopt the tertiary topology of a stack of two beta-hairpins found in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors. because of the longer second beta-hairpin, the overall conformation ...	2001	11298924
signals from cone photoreceptors to l-type horizontal cells are differentially modulated by low calcium in carp retina.	ca2+ plays crucial roles in both phototransduction and calcium-dependent glutamate release from the photoreceptor terminal. modulation, by lowering extracellular ca2+, of red-sensitive (r-) and short wavelength-sensitive (s-) cone-driven light responses of l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) was studied in the isolated superfused carp retina using intracellular recording techniques. low ca2+ (nominally ca2+-free) ringer's reduced responses of lhcs to both green (500 nm) and red (680 nm) flashes in da ...	2001	11298802
fine structure of the skin cells of a stenohaline freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to diluted seawater.	seawater diluted to half (1.750% salinity) is lethal for adult carps after 3 h and 15 min. at lower salinities (0.350%-0.875%), the fish survived for longer periods, but only 0.175% salinity was innocuous. in carps, adapted to 0.175% salinity, the secretory activity of pavement cells was very high and their external ridges flattened or even disappeared. mucus secretion was conspicuous, characterized by holocriny of old cells and apparition of young ones in large numbers. the intracellular mucus ...	2001	11292170
micronuclei monitoring of fishes from lake paranoá, under influence of sewage treatment plant discharges.	fish micronuclei tests (mn) were used to evaluate the ability of wastewater from two municipal sewage treatment plants that empty into lake paranoá to cause genetic damage. there were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei between the control and hypertrophic areas. in contrast, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin c, used to test the sensitivity of the biological assay, significantly increased the micronuclei counts in tilapia rendalli, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio, ...	2001	11287296
unique biochemical nature of carp retinol-binding protein. n-linked glycosylation and uncleavable nh2-terminal signal peptide.	retinol transport and metabolism have been well characterized in mammals; however, very little is known in fish. to study the mechanism by which fish retinol-binding protein (rbp) is able to remain in plasma besides its small molecular size, we isolated rbp cdna from a carp liver cdna library. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of known vertebrate rbps showed that carp rbp has high homology to the other cloned vertebrate rbps, but it lacks the cooh-terminal tetrapeptide, rnl ...	2001	11278316
bioenergetics and rna/dna ratios in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) under hypoxia.	hypoxia caused by eutrophication occurs over large areas in aquatic systems worldwide. common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to hypoxia (1 mg.o2.l(-1) and 2 mg.o2.l(-1)) for 1 week showed a significant reduction in feeding rate, respiration rate, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion compared to those maintained at normoxia (7 mg.o2.l(-1)). fish exposed to hypoxia showed negative scope for growth (sfg), but no significant difference in the specific growth rate was revealed after 1 week in ...	2001	11263726
long-term cortisol treatment inhibits pubertal development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the onset and regulation of puberty is determined by functional development of the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis. stress has been shown to interfere with reproduction and the functioning of the bpg axis. the response to chronic and severe stress may require much energy and force the organism to make adaptive choices. energy that is normally available for processes like growth, immune response, or reproduction will be channeled into restoration of the disturbed homeostasis. cortisol plays a ke ...	2001	11259251
tissue-specific expression of two metallothionein genes in common carp during cadmium exposure and temperature shock.	two metallothionein cdna isoforms (mt-1 and mt-2) were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) by rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cdnas revealed two amino acid differences between the coding regions and markedly different 3'-untranslated ends. gene-specific primers were selected and used in rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal mt-1 and mt-2 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of mt genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. in the brain and muscle, the uninduced leve ...	2001	11255116
cortisol affects testicular development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l., but not via an effect on lh secretion.	previous work showed that prolonged elevated cortisol levels, implicated in the stress adaptation, inhibits testicular pubertal development in male common carp, as well as an impairment of the synthesis of the 11-oxygenated androgens. this may be a direct effect of cortisol on the testis or via the gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether cortisol has an effect on pituitary lh secretion. juvenile common carp were fed with cortisol containin ...	2001	11399504
molecular cloning of carp (cyprinus carpio) c-type lectin and pentraxin by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation.		2001	11394694
melatonin modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) receptor-mediated currents on isolated carp retinal neurons.	modulation by melatonin of gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) (gaba(a)) receptor-mediated responses was studied in bipolar and amacrine-like cells acutely isolated from carp retina, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. melatonin of 1 mm accelerated desensitization of the gaba(a) receptors at both bipolar and amacrine-like cells. in addition, 1 mm melatonin hardly changed the gaba(a) receptor-mediated response amplitude of bipolar cells, while it increased or decreased that of amacrine-like cells, ...	2001	11239714
an electrophysiological test of the effect of the temporal pattern of light adaptation on teleost h1 type horizontal cell plasticity.	the possible importance of the temporal pattern of photon delivery in light adaptation-induced physiological plasticity in the outer retina of carp was tested by intracellular recording. steady and flicker (3 hz) background adaptation was applied whilst recording chromatic voltage responses of h1 type horizontal cells (hcs) to 680 and 440 nm full-field test flashes (generating response amplitudes of v(r) and v(b), respectively). a third parameter v(b)/v(r) (b/r) was calculated as an indicator of ...	2001	11239704
dynamics of (cd,zn)-metallothioneins in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure.	cadmium concentrations, (cd,zn)-metallothionein (mt) concentrations, mt synthesis and the relative amounts of cadmium bound to (cd,zn)-mts were determined in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to 0, 0.5 microm (0.06 mg.l(-1)), 2.5 microm (0.28 mg.l(-1)) and 7 microm (0.79 mg.l(-1)) cd for up to 29 days. cadmium accumulation was in the order kidney > liver > gills. control levels of hepatic (cd,zn)-mt were four times higher compared to those of gills and kidney. no inc ...	2001	11239687
effect of maillard reaction with glucose and ribose on solubility at low ionic strength and filament-forming ability of fish myosin.	it was previously reported that water-soluble fish meat can be prepared by the maillard reaction with reducing monosaccharides. to clarify the molecular mechanism of the solubility improvement caused by the glycosylation, carp myosin and myosin rod region were reacted with glucose and ribose, and their solubilities and filament-forming abilities at low ionic strength were investigated. the solubility of myosin in 0.1 m nacl increased with the glycosylation and reached the same level as in 0.5 m ...	2001	11453782
effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the function of carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytes in vitro.	the modulation of phagocytic cells by beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone and progesterone was analyzed in common carp cyprinus carpio. carp kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 nm concentration of each hormone. the production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide (no) and phagocytosis were measured in vitro. similar concentrations of cortisol were used as control. phagocytic activities of carp macrophages was suppressed by treatment with beta-estrad ...	2001	11369300
heat shock stimulation of a tilapia heat shock protein 70 promoter is mediated by a distal element.	we reported previously that a tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter is able to confer heat shock response on a reporter gene after transient expression both in cell culture and in microinjected zebrafish embryos. here we present the first functional analysis of a fish hsp70 promoter, the tihsp70 promoter. using transient expression experiments in carp epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini) cells and in microinjected zebrafish embryos, we show that a distal heat sh ...	2001	11368761
morphological and metabolic changes in common carp, cyprinus carpio, during short-term copper exposure: interactions between cu2+ and plasma cortisol elevation.	the effects of increased endogenous cortisol levels were compared with those of sublethal copper exposure in the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio. fish were exposed to either increased levels of endogenous cortisol (200 ng/ml) or sublethal copper (1.9 microm) alone or were pretreated by elevating plasma cortisol levels prior to copper exposure to assess whether interactions between both treatments occurred. effects induced by increased cortisol levels included increased na+/k(+)-adenosine ...	2001	11351438
a mechanistic model for the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the release of radioactive strontium to the environment is of concern due to the strong accumulation of this calcium resembling element in the bone and other tissues. to predict the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the uptake of sr2+ and ca2+ by freshwater fish, a michaelis-menten type model is introduced that accounts for the effects of chemical speciation, hydrogen ion activity, and metal ion competition. the uptake kinetics were characterized in vivo from short-term exposure ...	2001	11349276
simulation of acid-base condition and copper speciation in the fish gill microenvironment.	ph, alkalinity, and mucus content in the fish gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio) were measured by exposing fish to copper at various water ph levels using an apparatus which separates inspired and expired water. the relationship between ph levels inside and outside of the gill microenvironment, between ph and alkalinity, and between mucus secretion, ph, and copper exposure concentration were modeled. copper speciation in the surrounding water and in the fish gill microenvironment wa ...	2001	11339403
zn2+ differentially modulates signals from red- and short wavelength-sensitive cones to horizontal cells in carp retina.	the effects of zn2+ were studied while recording intracellularly from l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) in the isolated, superfused carp retina. in darkness, 25 microm zn2+ hyperpolarized lhcs and potentiated responses of these cells to 500 nm flashes, but decreased those to 680 nm flashes. zn2+ did not change photopic electroretinographic p iii responses. the differential modulation by zn2+ persisted when the zn2+-induced membrane hyperpolarization was compensated by lowering ca2+ concentration in ...	2001	11325351
differential role of adrenoceptors in control of plasma glucose and fatty acids in carp, cyprinus carpio (l.).	carp were cannulated in the dorsal aorta, and after 2 days of recovery they were infused with 1) norepinephrine, 2) yohimbine (alpha(2)-antagonist) plus norepinephrine, 3) clonidine (alpha(2)-agonist), and 4) isoproterenol (nonselective beta-agonist). norepinephrine lowered the plasma free fatty acid (ffa) level and raised the plasma glucose level for several hours. norepinephrine in combination with the alpha(2)-antagonist yohimbine resulted in retardation of the ffa decrease, indicating the in ...	2001	11448867
blocking ampa receptor desensitization prolongs spontaneous epsc decay times and depolarizes h1 horizontal cells in carp retinal slices.	desensitization of h1 horizontal cell (h1 hc) glutamate receptors was investigated in carp retinal slices using cyclothiazide (ctz), an inhibitor of ampa receptor desensitization. 100 microm ctz depolarized h1 hcs and increased the amplitude of light responses, without any prominent changes in their kinetics. spontaneous epscs (sepscs) in h1 hcs were observed in the presence of 2.5 mm heptanol, an uncoupling agent of gap junctions. 20 microm gyki52466 (an ampa receptor antagonist) blocked the se ...	2001	11448513
altered serum sex steroids and vitellogenin induction in walleye (stizostedion vitreum) collected near a metropolitan sewage treatment plant.	several recent in situ studies have reported that domestic and mixed domestic/industrial sewage effluents contain one or more natural or anthropogenic estrogenic substances. those studies examined caged or feral fish for the presence of the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), in the blood of male fish. we have previously reported that male, feral carp (cyprinus carpio) obtained from the effluent channel of a major sewage treatment plant (stp) exhibited depressed serum testosterone (t ...	2001	11443371
ontogenesis of hexokinase i and hexokinase iv (glucokinase) gene expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio) related to diet.	the expressions of hexokinase iv (glucokinase, gk) and hexokinase (hk)-i genes were analysed during early ontogenesis of common carp (cyprinus carpio). unlike hk-i gene, which was expressed during all the stages of the development, gk was only induced by the first feeding with high levels of dextrin as a source of carbohydrate. this study confirms the high capacity of common carp to use glucose even at the very early stages of development.	2001	11430768