Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| analysis of renal immune-deposits in canine leishmaniasis. preliminary results. | previous studies carried out on 34 dogs spontaneously infected by leishmania infantum showed the presence of kidney lesions characterized by immunologically mediated glomerular and tubular damage. glomerular immune-deposits were studied in 13 of these dogs. immunoglobulins were isolated from kidney tissues by acid elution; igg fractions from eluates, obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation, were subjected to clonotypic analysis by autoradiography after isoelectrofocusing (ief) using 125i radi ... | 1989 | 2535031 |
| inhibition of leishmania donovani promastigote internalization into murine macrophages by chemically defined parasite glycoconjugate ligands. | leishmania donovani, the agent of human visceral leishmaniasis, is an intracellular parasite that must be recognized and internalized by host macrophages to complete its biological cycle. in a search for possible ligands for macrophage surface receptors, glycoconjugates were obtained from leishmania promastigotes by aqueous, phenol-aqueous, and alkaline extraction. a fucose-mannose glycoproteic ligand, a lipopeptidephosphoglycan, and a phosphate mannogalactan ligand were purified from promastigo ... | 1989 | 2537257 |
| drug targeting in leishmania donovani infections using tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug vehicles. | the efficacy of sodium stibogluconate against leishmania donovani infections was markedly enhanced by encapsulating this drug in tuftsin-bearing liposomes. also, pretreatment of the animals with these liposomes (free of drug) rendered them resistant to this infection, possibly by activating the host's macrophages. these results demonstrate that tuftsin-bearing liposomes besides delivering the drug to the target cells could also enhance the nonspecific resistance against infections, thus offering ... | 1989 | 2538359 |
| immunochemical and catalytic characteristics of adenosine kinase from leishmania donovani. | polyclonal antibodies to homogeneous preparation of adenosine kinase from leishmania donovani were raised in rabbit. the antiserum was inhibitory and precipitated enzyme activity from both homogeneous and partially purified adenosine kinase from the parasite. however, the antiserum did not immunoprecipitate adenosine kinase of other higher eukaryotic sources tested so far. immunoblot analysis of extracts from l. donovani and other sources revealed specific reaction of the antiserum with only the ... | 1989 | 2538441 |
| microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals. | two important pathogens of developing countries, mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, and leishmania donovani, the protozoal parasite that causes kalaazar, persist in the human host primarily in mononuclear phagocytes. the mechanisms by which they survive in these otherwise highly cytocidal cells are presently unknown. since the best understood cytocidal mechanism of these cells is the oxygen-dependent system that provides lethal oxidants including the superoxide anion (o2-), hy ... | 1989 | 2538841 |
| requirement for t cells and effect of lymphokines in successful chemotherapy for an intracellular infection. experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | although directly microbicidal, pentavalent antimony has failed as treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in patients who also have aids or are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. to define the role of t cells in the successful host response to chemotherapy, we examined the efficacy of pentavalent antimony (sodium stibogluconate, pentostam) in normal and t cell-deficient balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. in euthymic (nu/+) mice, single injections of 250 and 500 mg/kg of pentostam ind ... | 1989 | 2539396 |
| identification of 'old world' leishmania by dna recombinant probes. | leishmania are usually identified by iso-enzyme analysis. this method works well, but there is a need for an additional, more simple, method of identification. here we present data that show that in a southern blot analysis, recombinant dna probes in combination with certain restriction enzymes can differentiate between taxa of leishmania. probes based on clones selected from a l. infantum cdna library gave characteristic patterns on southern blots for reference strains of the different types of ... | 1989 | 2540434 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: resistance to reinfection in the liver following chemotherapy in the balb/c mouse. | the ability of balb/c mice to resist reinfection with leishmania donovani following chemotherapy was studied. balb/c mice, infected with l. donovani, were treated on days 7 and 8 postinfection with free, niosomal, or liposomal sodium stibogluconate. it was found that all three drug treatments caused a dramatic reduction in liver parasite burdens as measured on days 6 and 29 post-treatment. on day 6 postdrug treatment infection with l. donovani amastigotes, of mice from infected, drug-treated gro ... | 1989 | 2542078 |
| leishmania donovani: isolation and characterization of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam)-resistant cell lines. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were generated by virtue of their resistance to incrementing concentrations of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) under completely defined growth conditions. the pent0400 and pent03200 cell lines were isolated after prolonged exposure to 0.4 mg/ml and 3.2 mg/ml pentostam (sb concentration), respectively. whereas the effective concentration of pentostam which inhibited the growth of wild type cells by 50% (ec50 value) was 0.1-0.15 mg/ml, the ec50 values for the pe ... | 1989 | 2546793 |
| maintenance of cytoplasmic ph and proton motive force in promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | three methods were used to measure intracellular ph (phi) of leishmania donovani promastigotes: (a) measurement of the fluorescence of the ph indicator 2',7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein; (b) ph null point assays; and (c) determination of the distribution across the promastigote plasma membrane of the fluorescent amine acridine orange and of the weak acid 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione. the three methods gave similar results and showed that promastigotes of l. donovani maintain p ... | 1989 | 2549418 |
| [similarity of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis from iraq and leishmania tropica based on the molecular parameters of kinetoplast dna]. | restriction analysis demonstrated that the cleavage pattern of kinetoplast dna of visceral leishmaniasis causative agent from iraq was similar to that of the anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent leishmania tropica, and differed from that of the kinetoplast dna of leishmania infantum and l. donovani, typical visceral leishmaniasis causative agents. similarity was established both for maxi- and minicycle molecules of the kinetoplast dna. evolutionary relation between l. tropica an ... | 1989 | 2550756 |
| presence and properties of camp phosphodiesterase from promastigote forms of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | 1. this paper reports the isolation and the partial purification of camp phosphodiesterase (ec 3.1.4.17) from the promastigote form of leishmania tropica and a preliminary result from leishmania donovani. 2. the activity of the fraction obtained from column chromatography was measured. 3. the effects of ph, temperature, time of incubation and various compounds on its activity in vitro were obtained. 4. two peaks (i and ii) exhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity were obtained. 5. ... | 1989 | 2553330 |
| lymphokine mediated microbicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages from leishmania donovani infected and drug treated balb/c mice. | the resident peritoneal macrophages from untreated mice develop potent microbicidal activity against amastigotes of leishmania major and leishmania donovani after in vitro exposure to lymphokines (lk) from mitogen stimulated spleen cells. however, to the best of our knowledge, the response of l. donovani infected peritoneal macrophages from already infected/treated animals to lk has not been investigated. therefore in the present study, the effect of lk on infected macrophages from balb/c mice f ... | 1989 | 2554031 |
| affinity labeling of the folate-methotrexate transporter from leishmania donovani. | an affinity labeling technique has been developed to identify the folate-methotrexate transporter of leishmania donovani promastigotes using "activated" derivatives of the ligands. these "activated" derivatives were synthesized by incubating folate and methotrexate with a 10-fold excess of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (edc) for 10 min at ambient temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide. preincubation of intact cells with nonradioactive "activated" folate or methotrexate at a concentr ... | 1989 | 2554960 |
| heparin binds to leishmania donovani promastigotes and inhibits protein phosphorylation. | we show that promastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), possess heparin receptors on their surface. from a linear scatchard plot of the binding data obtained using [3h]heparin and viable promastigotes, one derives a binding constant of 4.7 x 10(-7) m and an estimate of 860,000 receptors per parasite. the [3h]heparin bound to parasites could not be displaced by hyaluronic acid or by three other glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulphate, chondroiti ... | 1989 | 2557842 |
| study on genetic polymorphism of leishmania infantum through the analysis of restriction enzyme digestion patterns of kinetoplast dna. | twenty-nine leishmania infantum strains characterized by different host source, tropism and belonging to 6 zymodemes, were examined by restriction enzyme analysis of kinetoplast dna (kdna) using 15 endonucleases. the enzymes which produced only one fragment revealed full identity between all the strains examined, while those producing many bands gave different electrophoretic patterns. they were interpreted with the aid of numerical analyses (cluster and multifactorial analysis). the results sho ... | 1989 | 2558337 |
| reversal of drug resistance in trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani by verapamil. | following previous studies of verapamil reversal of chloroquine resistance in malaria and multi-drug resistance in cancer cells, the effect of verapamil was investigated on nifurtimox-resistant trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and antimony-resistant leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo. verapamil alone was not active against either parasite, but in combination with nifurtimox it reversed the drug resistance of t. cruzi and in combination with sodium stibogluconate reversed the drug resistance of l ... | 1989 | 2558433 |
| ivermectin, levamisole and thymic extract for chemotherapy and immunostimulation of visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters and mice. | the anti-leishmanial activity of ivermectin, pentostam or combination of pentostam with either levamisole or thymic extract was tested against leishmania donovani infection in hamsters and mice. in vitro peritoneal macrophage-parasite interaction, the effect of splenic cells on the interaction of macrophages and parasites, spleen weight, parasite burden in spleen tissue as well as the antibody titers using micro-elisa were used as parameters for evaluating the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic ... | 1989 | 2561164 |
| cloning of a polymorphic dna fragment from the genome of leishmania donovani. | recombinant dna clones, containing highly repetitive dna sequences, have been isolated from a leishmania donovani genomic dna library prepared in the replacement vector lambda gt.wes.lambda b. two clones, probably telomeric in location, have been characterised and show a restriction fragment size polymorphism. evidence is presented which suggests that l. donovani is diploid for this cloned genomic locus. | 1989 | 2567493 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: drug carrier system characteristics and the ability to clear parasites from the liver, spleen and bone marrow in leishmania donovani infected balb/c mice. | the efficacy of various sodium stibogluconate formulations against leishmania donovani has been investigated using a balb/c mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. only one therapy, multiple dosing with drug loaded sonicated vesicles, liposomes or niosomes, was found to be effective against parasites in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. other treatments significantly reduced parasite liver burdens but either failed to effect spleen and bone marrow parasites, or were effective but toxic. prophyla ... | 1989 | 2568434 |
| epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern sudan. | 1989 | 2572936 | |
| characterization of leishmania donovani stocks by genomic dna heterogeneity and molecular karyotype. | a hypervariable deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probe was isolated by screening a leishmania donovani genomic dna library with l. donovani total dna. the probe was used to characterize l. donovani stocks on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). the molecular karyotype of the same stocks was examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis. on the basis of the observed rflps mediterranean l. donovani infantum and south american l. donovani chagasi stocks were mor ... | 1989 | 2575810 |
| [transmission of visceral leishmaniasis with studies of dogs in greece]. | according to our results the public fear in greece of infection from dogs or the dog as a possible reservoir could not be confirmed. a total of 749 dogs were investigated. positive findings were demonstrated successfully in 10 cases of 19 clinical cases and serologically confirmed in 10 cases. strains were isolated in the experimental animal the hamster. | 1989 | 2583504 |
| binding and release of c3 from leishmania donovani promastigotes during incubation in normal human serum. | we have examined the nature and extent of c3 deposition on leishmania donovani, strain 1s, clone 2d, promastigotes. total molecules of c3 bound/parasite after 60 min was similar for parasites incubated in normal human serum, normal human serum adsorbed to remove natural antibody, or either serum source chelated with mg-egta to limit activation to the alternative pathway. a comparison of parasites grown to early, mid, late-log or stationary phases revealed no difference in the extent and kinetics ... | 1989 | 2584716 |
| [kala-azar in china from 1985 to 1988. advisory committee on parasitic diseases, moph]. | a total of 1,069 newly discovered cases of kala-azar (a few recurrent cases included) is recorded in china during the four year period from 1985 to 1988. the kala-azar patients were found in the provinces and autonomous regions of gansu, sichuan, xinjiang, shaanxi, shanxi, inner-mongolia and shandong. comparing with the 443 cases recorded during the previous 4 years period 1981-1984, significant uprise of the disease is evident, especially in the provinces of gansu and sichuan. in southern gansu ... | 1989 | 2591032 |
| decrease of acid phosphatase activity in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with leishmania donovani. | the effect of infection with leishmania donovani on the activity and isoenzyme composition of acid phosphatase within individual murine peritoneal macrophages maintained in vitro was studied. concentrations of acid phosphatase activity and number of intracellular parasites were quantitated using a computer-assisted cytospectrophotometry system. changes in the isoenzyme composition of macrophages during infection with l. donovani were detected by comparing the patterns of acid phosphatase levels ... | 1989 | 2592149 |
| chemotherapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the opossum. | visceral leishmaniasis is a severe chronic disease of people and animals. the disease is caused by several subspecies of a protozoal organism, leishmania donovani. if not treated, visceral leishmaniasis is often fatal. the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents to treat the disease are pentavalent antimonials, which can be toxic, must be administered by parenteral routes, and are sometimes ineffective. in this study, meglumine antimoniate, a pentavalent antimony, was compared with wr 6026, a ... | 1989 | 2918440 |
| effect of immunoglobulin m from normal human serum on leishmania donovani promastigote agglutination, complement-mediated killing, and phagocytosis by human monocytes. | serum from healthy, nonimmune humans contained immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies that agglutinated leishmania donovani promastigotes, activated complement, and enhanced promastigote ingestion by human monocytes. the findings indicate that igm antibodies have the capacity to affect the initial interaction of l. donovani promastigotes with human host defenses. | 1989 | 2925255 |
| functional heterogeneity of macrophage precursor cells from spleen of leishmania donovani-infected and untreated mice. | we recently described the bone marrow-derived macrophage precursor, which is able to spontaneously and extracellularly kill protozoa of the genus leishmania. these nonadherent, nonphagocytic macrophage precursor cells are present in the spleen of healthy mice only in a small quantity. however, high numbers of proliferating macrophage precursors are isolated from the spleen of leishmania donovani-infected mice. macrophage precursors from spleens of diseased animals are able to kill spontaneously ... | 1989 | 2926141 |
| vesicular systems (niosomes and liposomes) for delivery of sodium stibogluconate in experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis. | suppression of leishmania donovani liver amastigotes by sodium stibogluconate has been determined in a murine model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. niosomal and liposomal drug formulations were equiactive and both increased drug efficacy by an order of magnitude compared with that of free drug. niosomes containing 30 mol % cholesterol were prepared from three different non-ionic surfactants and no significant difference in activity was detected among the different drug-loaded niosomes. b ... | 1988 | 2899143 |
| the therapeutic effect of sodium stibogluconate in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani is organ-dependent. | a study of the antileishmanial efficacy of sodium stibogluconate was carried out in balb/c mice. the drug was administered to leishmania donovani-infected animals on days 7 and 8 post-infection in one of three forms; free (40-50 mg sbv kg-1), liposomal, or niosomal (6.4-8.0 mg sbv kg-1) drug. on day 14 post-infection counts of the number of parasites present in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of treated and control animals showed that although all three drug preparations significantly reduced ... | 1988 | 2899637 |
| differential growth requirements of several leishmania spp. in chemically defined culture media. | 17 strains of leishmania from 4 species: brasiliensis, mexicana, donovani and garnhami have been continually cultured at 26 degrees c, in the absence of proteins, in a medium containing salts, glucose, d-ribose, 2-deoxyribose, hemin, tricine, hepes, 34 amino acids and intermediates of amino acid metabolism, 23 vitamins, 6 nucleotides and tetrahydrofolic acid. a wide variation in growth requirements was observed among leishmaniae which permitted the preparation of different minimum culture media ... | 1988 | 2901198 |
| requirements of defined cultivation conditions for standard growth of leishmania promastigotes in vitro. | the growth characteristics of l. chagasi (mhom/br/79/li01) and l. braziliensis (mhom/br/72/1670), the causative agents of visceral and muco-cutaneous leishmaniases, respectively, were compared. inoculum size clearly influences the growth course of both leishmania species, whatever the culture medium used (serum-supplemented media: glsh or rpmi, and a chemically defined medium: litr9). cultures initiated with low concentrations failed to promote cell growth, while typical growth curves were obtai ... | 1988 | 2901211 |
| identification of a surface membrane proton-translocating atpase in promastigotes of the parasitic protozoan leishmania donovani. | atpase activities were measured in surface membranes and mitochondria isolated from promastigotes of the parasitic protozoan leishmania donovani. the two enzymes were differentiated on the basis of ph optima, inhibitor sensitivity and by immunochemical methods. the surface-membrane (sm-) atpase had an activity of 100 nmol/min per mg of protein, which was optimal at ph 6.5. the enzyme was mg2+-dependent, partially inhibited by ca2+, and unaffected by na+ or k+. the sm-atpase was inhibited by orth ... | 1988 | 2906239 |
| roles of cr3 and mannose receptors in the attachment and ingestion of leishmania donovani by human mononuclear phagocytes. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages. two macrophage receptors, the mannose-fucose receptor (mfr) and the receptor for complement component c3bi, cr3, were examined for their roles in the attachment and ingestion of l. donovani by human monocyte-derived macrophages. two monoclonal antibodies which bind to the human cr3, anti-mo1 and anti-mac-1, inhibited both attachment and ingestion of l. donovani promastigotes after preincubation with human monocyt ... | 1988 | 2962944 |
| kinetics of gamma interferon binding and induction of major histocompatibility complex class ii mrna in leishmania-infected macrophages. | cells of the monocyte-macrophage series must carry out discrete accessory-cell functions during the process of antigen-specific t-cell activation. one of these functions is the cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii gene products, which are involved in the presentation of foreign antigen to t cells. previously, we reported that murine peritoneal macrophages infected with the obligate intracellular protozoan leishmania donovani had suppressed responses to gamma ... | 1988 | 2967971 |
| solubilization and kinetic characterization of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from leishmania donovani promastigotes. | oligomycin-sensitive particulate atpase (mb atpase) from l. donovani promastigotes was solubilized by chloroform treatment. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several protein bands, with the major one possessing atpase activity. the solubilized enzyme had mg2+-atpase and ca2+-atpase but no k+-dependent alkaline phosphatase activity. the mg2+-atpase activity was stimulated by monovalent cations and was not sensitive to oligomycin. hence it is referred to as f1 atpase. it had optimum acti ... | 1988 | 2970589 |
| specific serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using a leishmania donovani antigen identified by expression cloning. | a lambda gt11 expression library was constructed using mrna from the promastigote form of leishmania donovani (african isolate mhom/et/67/hu3). the library was screened with serum obtained from a patient who contracted visceral leishmaniasis in the sudan. several cdna clones which expressed beta-galactosidase/l. donovani antigen fusion proteins were isolated. one of these clones corresponded to a 60 kda membrane-associated antigen. by a western blot assay antibodies against the fusion protein we ... | 1988 | 2972929 |
| structural and ultrastructural hepatic changes in experimental canine leishmaniasis. | six 4 month-old beagles were inoculated with leishmania donovani infantum, three of them intraperitoneally (group a) and the other three intravenously (group b). the animals from group a were killed 109, 433 and 592 days after inoculation and animals from group b 109, 171 and 334 after inoculation. the liver of each of them was examined by means of light and electron microscopy. the lesions observed in both groups were very similar, but developed more rapidly in group b. a chronic hepatitis appe ... | 1988 | 2980240 |
| an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in meshkin-shahr, east azerbaijan province, north-west part of iran and ifa serological survey of the disease in this area. | the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis has being increased in iran during the recent decade. since 1980, more than 200 cases have been diagnosed from east azerbaijan province, mostly, from meshkin-shahr area. it seems, that kala-azar has being endemic in this area for a long time. the majority (86%) of kala-azar cases were found among children up to 4 years. the sex incidence ratio of males/females was 1.27/1. in ifa serological survey, sero-positive rate in females was higher than males. howev ... | 1988 | 3046770 |
| [immunodiagnostic findings in patients with kala-azar]. | using three immunoreactions (complement-fixation reaction; enzyme immune test; indirect immunofluorescence), antibody formation was tested in 66 patients with kala-azar and 74 controls (blood donors; accident patients). moderately elevated and high antibody levels for each of three reactions were defined to provide diagnostic criteria. moderately high or high antibody concentrations against leishmania antigen were found in one of the three immunoreactions in 9 patients, in two of the three in 21 ... | 1988 | 3046895 |
| the biology and biochemistry of the glucose transporter. | 1988 | 3048404 | |
| specific serodiagnosis of canine leishmaniasis by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | the increased prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs in mediterranean countries has necessitated use of a reliable specific method of immunodiagnosis. research was carried out on 88 dogs, among which were 26 with severe clinical leishmaniasis (group a), 15 with mild signs of disease (group b), and 11 without signs of disease (group c); in addition, 15 were healthy (group d) and 21 were affected with various other diseases (group e). dogs of groups d and e were used as controls. infection was confir ... | 1988 | 3052194 |
| nucleoside uptake in trypanosoma cruzi: analysis of a mutant resistant to tubercidin. | nucleoside salvage pathways are vital to the parasitic protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, and have become important targets in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against this organism. we produced a mutant t. cruzi clone with a defect in the uptake of the adenosine analogue tubercidin which allowed us to hypothesize that there are at least two distinct nucleoside transport pathways in this parasite. the mutant shows a marked defect in the uptake of tubercidin and thymidine, whereas the upt ... | 1988 | 3054542 |
| identification and characterization of a non-interferon antileishmanial macrophage activating factor (antileishmanial maf). | a non-interferon lymphokine elaborated from pha and con a-stimulated human t-cell hybridoma, t-cema, has been found to activate monocyte-derived macrophages for the intracellular killing of l. donovani (antileishmanial maf). this t-cell hybridoma derived antileishmanial maf which has an apparent mw of 65,000 and pi of 5.3-5.6, contains neither antiviral activity nor colony stimulating activity. furthermore, antileishmanial maf is not neutralized by anti-mif, anti-ifn-gamma or anti-gm-csf antibod ... | 1988 | 3059767 |
| [visceral kala-azar of spanish origin. apropos of a case]. | 1988 | 3061269 | |
| monoclonal antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes of the macrophage type three complement receptor differ in their ability to inhibit binding of leishmania promastigotes harvested at different phases of their growth cycle. | the macrophage receptor cr3 has been shown by several investigators to be involved in the binding of leishmania promastigotes to host macrophages. this receptor is known to recognize ic3b and to mediate direct lectin-like attachment of particles such as yeast zymosan. in the present study, two anti-cr3 monoclonal antibodies, m1/70 and 5c6, which ligate different epitopes of murine cr3, have been used in conjunction with sodium salicyl hydroxamate (saha; inhibits covalent ester linkages of c3 to ... | 1988 | 3065216 |
| [observations on kala azar in jacobina, bahia. vi. investigations on sylvatic and commensal mammals]. | 1988 | 3068712 | |
| immunofluorescence as an adjunct to the histopathologic diagnosis of chagas' disease. | we have developed a new indirect immunofluorescence procedure for identifying trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue pretreated with a 0.25% trypsin solution to enhance immunofluorescence. in sections of human and mouse myocardia infected with t. cruzi and stained by this procedure, both intact amastigotes and phagocytosed amorphous antigen were intensely fluorescent and easily detected; nonspecific background fluorescence was absent or minimal. no ... | 1988 | 3128582 |
| role of l3t4+ and lyt-2+ cells in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | in contrast to euthymic (nu/+) balb/c mice, athymic nude (nu/nu) balb/c mice fail to control the visceral intracellular replication of leishmania donovani, do not generate the macrophage-activating lymphokine ifn-gamma, and show little or no granulomatous tissue response. to characterize the t cell requirement for successful defense against l. donovani, nude mice were first reconstituted with unfractionated nu/+ immune spleen cells, which readily conferred the capacity to control and eliminate v ... | 1988 | 3131421 |
| survival of intracellular pathogens within human mononuclear phagocytes. | the preceding discussion makes it clear that there are multiple determinants, related to the microorganism, the host defense cell, and the presence of activating t cell stimuli that must be considered when examining at the cellular level how and why intracellular pathogens are able to cause infection. from the standpoint of the interaction of the mononuclear phagocyte's antimicrobial mechanisms with t gondii, l donovani, and c psittaci, the determinants which appear to influence directly the out ... | 1988 | 3133769 |
| analysis of lsh gene expression in congenic b10.l-lshr mice. | 1988 | 3138075 | |
| acquisition of cell-mediated immunity to leishmania. ii. lsh gene regulation of accessory cell function. | the macrophage natural resistance gene. lsh, regulates the ability of a selective population of tissue macrophages to control intracellular multiplication of leishmania donovani by a t-cell independent mechanism. we show here, using mice congenic for lsh, that this gene also contributes to the acquisition of t-cell-mediated immunity. whereas both resistant and susceptible mice generate equivalent primary t-cell responses to infection, resistant mice show a rapid increase in accessory cell activi ... | 1988 | 3141269 |
| kala-azar infected serum circulating antigens and their characteristics detected by monoclonal antibody. | 1988 | 3142725 | |
| leishmania donovani donovani antigens recognized by kala-azar patient sera and identification of cross-reacting antigens to chagas' disease. | l. donovani antigens were analyzed by a direct agglutination test (dat), by elisa using intact promastigotes and by the sds-page immunoperoxidase technique (sgip). sera of chagas' disease patients cross-reacted in the elisa and sgip but not in the dat. trypsin treatment of the parasites removed concanavalin a-binding sites but not epitopes for antibodies present in chagas' disease and in leishmaniasis sera, as seen in the sgip. eight bands were revealed after incubation of the gel sections with ... | 1988 | 3147797 |
| purification and characterization of an 80-kilodalton membrane protein from leishmania donovani. | visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. we previously described the development of 16 monoclonal antibodies specific for l. donovani. the epitope recognized by one of these monoclonal antibodies, d13, is present at high density on nearly all isolates of l. donovani and, along with two other monoclonal antibodies, has been used to develop a sensitive and specific competitive assay for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. in this report, we characterize ... | 1988 | 3165961 |
| [humoral response in leishmania infantum clinical infections]. | we sought a specific humoral response in man in order to find an antigenic marker of leishmania infantum infection. this study was carried out by the western blot technique; 42 sera from human patients were analysed on a standard electrophoretic pattern (sds-page) of l. infantum antigens. patient sera reacted specifically with 4 (160-, 140-, 94- and 79-kd) antigens, and reactive antibodies were igg. we suggest that these antigens may be used for diagnosis of l. infantum visceral leishmaniasis. | 1988 | 3166748 |
| acid phosphatase activity of virulent and avirulent clones of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | virulent and avirulent clones of leishmania donovani promastigotes were examined for their acid phosphatase activity. the acid phosphatase activity of whole-cell lysates of virulent clones was 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than that of avirulent clones. pellet fractions (260,000 x g, 30 min) from sonicated promastigotes of a virulent clone and an avirulent clone contained 60 and 40% of the total enzyme activity, respectively. membrane-bound acid phosphatase was extracted with triton x-100 from the pel ... | 1988 | 3169990 |
| ph homeostasis in leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes. | intracellular ph and ph gradients of leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes were determined over a broad range of extracellular ph values. intracellular ph was determined by 31p nmr and by equilibrium distribution studies with 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione or methylamine. promastigotes maintain intracellular ph values close to neutral between extracellular ph values of 5.0 and 7.4. amastigote intracellular ph is maintained close to neutral at external ph values as low as 4.0. both ... | 1988 | 3174653 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the sudan: comparative parasitological methods of diagnosis. | patients with suspected kala-azar had aspirations of spleen, lymph node and bone marrow performed to compare the relative merit of each procedure. splenic aspiration remains the method most likely to provide microscopic proof of leishmanial infection (18 of 19 samples) and was the only site positive in 5 patients. lymph node aspirates contained parasites in 20 of 29 patients, whereas bone marrow aspirates provided the diagnosis in 18 of 28. therefore, lymph node aspiration, with its minimal morb ... | 1988 | 3176153 |
| indigenous human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica in kenya. | six leishmania isolates from 3 indigenous kenyans (2 isolates from one patient) and 2 canadian visitors in kenya were characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. the isolates were compared among themselves and with reference strains of leishmania donovani, l. aethiopica, l. major, l. tropica, and l. arabica using 9 enzymes: malate dehydrogenase (mdh), malic enzyme (me), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), aspartate aminotransferase (asat), ade ... | 1988 | 3177740 |
| proposal for a function of the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | 1988 | 3181610 | |
| identification of leishmanial antigens in the sera of patients with american visceral leishmaniasis. | circulating immune complexes are present in the sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani chagasi. in order to determine whether these complexes contain parasite antigens, sera were collected from brazilian patients with visceral leishmaniasis and from hospitalized control subjects with other diagnoses. high-molecular-weight complexes were precipitated from pooled sera with 2.5% polyethylene glycol. approximately 140-fold-more protein was precipitated from patien ... | 1988 | 3182074 |
| ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants inhibit ribosome activity of trypanosoma and leishmania. | ribosomes from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and from leishmania infantum were isolated and optimal conditions for in vitro translation were established. the effect of ribosome-inactivating proteins extracted from several plants was then assessed in order to identify those suitable for the preparation of immunotoxins against these organisms. ribosomes from both species were inactivated by some ribosome-inactivating proteins (dianthins, saporins, pokeweed antiviral proteins, and the ribosome-ina ... | 1988 | 3183997 |
| detection of leishmania donovani in live experimental hamsters. | 1988 | 3188149 | |
| an in vitro method for long-term maintenance of leishmania donovani chagasi. | 1988 | 3188150 | |
| acid phosphatase isoenzyme mapping in leishmania. | the profiles of acid phosphatase isoenzymes of several well defined species of the genus leishmania were compared. the profiles were generated after isoelectric focusing of parasite extracts in polyacrylamide and incubation of the gels with an appropriate substrate coupled to an azo dye. analysis of the zymograms showed that there is species-specificity of the acid phosphatase isoenzyme maps in leishmania. it was also demonstrated that different strains of the same species present identical patt ... | 1988 | 3191957 |
| in vivo killing of intracellular visceral leishmania donovani by a macrophage-targeted hydrogen peroxide-generating system. | 1988 | 3198943 | |
| comparison of the protein kinase and acid phosphatase activities of five species of leishmania. | promastigotes from log phase and stationary phase cultures of leishmania donovani, l. braziliensis panamensis, l. tropica, l. major, and l. mexicana amazonensis were analyzed for their content of protein kinase and acid phosphatase activities. cell surface, histone-specific protein kinase activity was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher in stationary phase cells of all species except for l. tropica in which the activities of stationary and log phase cells were equal; l. mexicana amazonensis had the highest ... | 1988 | 3199342 |
| persistence of human leishmanial antibodies in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in el agamy, egypt. | in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), individuals with leishmanial antibodies that reacted in the radioimmunoassay (ria) were retested to determine duration of leishmanial antibody retention. one fourth of adults retained antibodies for at least 10 months. at least 2/3 of asymptomatic children retained leishmanial antibodies for 5 to 7 months after detection. 2/3 of children treated for vl retained leishmanial antibodies for 5 to 7 months after treatment, while 1/3 retained antibodi ... | 1988 | 3203729 |
| heat shock and the relative hexokinase activity of leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3215177 | |
| comparative study of the biological behaviour in hamster of two isolates of leishmania characterized respectively as l. major-like and l. donovani. | 1988 | 3222614 | |
| biotechnology and visceral leishmaniasis in the world health organization's southeast asian region: research and reality. | 1988 | 3227396 | |
| an enzyme-linked lectin assay for the study of lectin receptors of leishmania. | an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ella) based on the elisa assay, using intact formalin-fixed promastigotes to coat poly-l-lysine-treated microtiter plates is described. the assay was used to study the lectin receptors of leishmania donovani chagasi, l. donovani donovani and l. mexicana amazonensis. cona, rca, wga, and pna receptors were found in the three parasites. sba receptors were found to be as frequent as the other receptors in l. donovani chagasi but not in the other two parasites which sho ... | 1988 | 3228632 |
| a search for leishmania in normal skin and blood of kala-azar patients from bihar, india. | 1988 | 3230291 | |
| vaccination and treatment trials against murine leishmaniasis with semi-purified leishmania antigens. | antigens with molecular weight ranges of 94-67 kda (lif2), 30-20 kda (lif5), or below 20 kda (lif6), isolated from lysates of leishmania infantum promastigotes by electroelution from polyacrylamide gels were injected into mice which were genetically either partially resistant (c57bl/6) or susceptible (balb/c) to leishmania infection. one month after the completion of the intravenous (c57bl/6) or subcutaneous (balb/c) schedules, the mice were challenged with 1 x 10(3) l. major promastigotes. all ... | 1988 | 3232174 |
| isolation and typing of leishmania infantum from phlebotomus neglectus on the island of corfu, greece. | 1988 | 3232178 | |
| in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of compounds in current clinical use for unrelated diseases. | drugs in current clinical use were tested for anti-leishmania activity using an in vitro infected macrophage assay. out of almost 400 compounds tested, over 100 were active. the most active compounds showed ed50 values below 1 microm concentration. it is concluded that the active compounds should receive testing in the in vivo system. in addition they will act as lead compounds for further synthetic programmes. | 1988 | 3246207 |
| experimental infection of the opossum didelphis albiventris (marsupialia, didelphidae) with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3249558 | |
| isolation of leishmania donovani from phlebotomus martini in baringo district, kenya. | an 18-month sandfly survey was conducted at 4 locations in baringo district, rift valley province, kenya. 3 collection techniques were used: aspiration, sticky paper trap, and light trap in sites selected because of their proximity to homes of visceral leishmaniasis patients diagnosed and treated within 6 months before the survey. over 2000 female phlebotomus martini were collected of which 6 females were found to have flagellate protozoan infections. 3 of these infections were cultured successf ... | 1988 | 3252587 |
| supplemented schneider's drosophila medium for isolation of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | 1988 | 3252764 | |
| [active antihelminitic alkaloids: active in vitro against leishmanic tropica the protozoa involved in leishmaniasis]. | leishmaniasis caused by protozoan leishmania ssp., is an endemic parasitic disease in central and south america. the chemotherapeutic agents against leishmania ssp. (pentavalent antimony compounds, pentamidine and amphothericine b) are toxic and expensive products. basing on the bolivian folk medicine, we tried to find new active principles. fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids, especially bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids extracted from annonaceae, berberidaceae, hernandiaceae and menispermaceae, demo ... | 1988 | 3253497 |
| calcium as a possible second messenger of external signals in leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3253500 | |
| development of monoclonal antibodies to assay for circulating antigen in visceral leishmaniasis. | 1988 | 3253509 | |
| experimental infection of the naked mole-rat, heterocephalus glaber, with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3256107 | |
| epidemiological studies on american leishmaniasis in ceará state, brazil. molecular characterization of the leishmania isolates. | two methods of molecular characterization, using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme electrophoresis, were employed in the identification of 36 stocks of leishmania isolated from human and canine cases of american visceral (avl) and cutaneous (acl) leishmaniases in the northern part of ceará state, brazil. molecular homogeneous strains of leishmania donovani (chagasi) isolated from both human and canine hosts were detected in 14 municipalities. two more parasite species, l. braziliensis braziliensi ... | 1988 | 3256276 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis at wadi hamam, in israel. | a preliminary survey of canine leishmaniasis was made in israel by serodiagnosis, using a direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. three (4%) of the 75 dogs surveyed were seropositive. the infected dogs came from wadi hamam near tiberias in northern israel. parasites isolated from one dog by needle aspiration were identified as leishmania donovani sensu lato by their excreted factor. | 1988 | 3256986 |
| clinical and immunological responses following accidental inoculation of leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3256987 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis in man and dogs in south-west saudi arabia. | 1988 | 3256988 | |
| the discovery and preliminary characterization of a novel trypanosomatid parasite from rattus norvegicus and stray dogs from alexandria, egypt. | a survey of rodents and dogs was carried out in alexandria and its environs to see if an animal reservoir was associated with an outbreak of infantile kala-azar in this area. three rodent species, rattus rattus, rattus norvegicus and mus musculus, were commonly trapped and examined. a flagellate parasite was isolated from the spleens of two r. norvegicus. it was typed serologically by excreted factor serotyping and enzymologically by thick starch electrophoresis of four of its enzymes: gpi, g6pd ... | 1988 | 3257073 |
| suppression of il-2 production by cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active visceral leishmaniasis in sicily. | the ability of pbmc from eight patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (leishmania donovani) to produce il-2 in response to pha in vitro was investigated. pbmc from the patients produced significantly lower levels of il-2 and had reduced proliferative response to pha at the time of disease diagnosis compared with healthy controls. their ability to produce il-1 in response to lps was, however, unaltered. the patients also showed normal levels of okt4+ and il-2r+ cells in the peripheral blo ... | 1988 | 3258620 |
| isolation of protective t cells from balb/cj mice chronically infected with leishmania donovani. | balb/cj mice, which are homozygous for lshs on chromosone 1, are genetically susceptible to leishmania donovani (s3), but spontaneously reduce their parasite burdens late in the course of infection. spleens from chronically infected mice (5 to 8 mo) were found to have t cells that responded to leishmanial ag by proliferating and secreting immune ifn. an ifn-secreting t cell line derived from the spleen of a chronically infected mouse, after boosting with leishmanial ag and treatment with pentost ... | 1988 | 3262649 |
| protective t cell responses in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3267035 | |
| immunodiagnosis of kala-azar by elisa using intact promastigote. | 1988 | 3268597 | |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis: presentation and problems of patient management. | 1988 | 3271359 | |
| record of flagellate infection in phlebotomus argentipes in some kala azar endemic areas of bihar, india. | 1988 | 3271754 | |
| cell-mediated responses and protection elicited by a carbohydrate-lipid-containing fraction extracted from leishmania major promastigotes. | carbohydrate-lipid-containing fractions (clf) extracted from leishmania major promastigotes and recognized by sera from immune but not from normal human donors were evaluated for their capacity to elicit cell-mediated responses. it was found that one of these fractions, clf-1, stimulated the in vitro response of lymphocytes from immune but not from normal human donors. a similarly extracted fraction from l. donovani parasites also elicited an in vitro response by cells from donors immune to l. m ... | 1988 | 3338094 |
| purification of two leishmania donovani membrane proteins recognized by sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | two leishmania donovani membrane proteins recognized by sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis were purified using species-specific monoclonal antibodies and characterized. the molecular weights of the proteins, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were approximately 70,000 and approximately 72,000, respectively. the 70 kda protein, which appears as a diffuse band on silver staining, was resolved into a doublet by western blotting with monoclonal an ... | 1988 | 3343999 |
| in vitro assessment of anti-leishmania immunity of man acquired with a vaccine. | monocytes, obtained from a human volunteer immunized with a leishmania infantum-derived vaccine, when cultured in vitro displayed a strong parasiticidal activity against l. major promastigotes. in addition, immune serum conferred leishmanicidal activities to monocytes of normal, unexposed donors, and to murine macrophages. | 1988 | 3350121 |
| resistance against leishmania donovani induced with an aluminum hydroxide vaccine. | mice immunized with a subcutaneous protocol combining killed parasites and aluminum hydroxide gel exhibited significant resistance against subsequent challenge with leishmania donovani promastigotes. protection was greatest using 25 mg of aluminum hydroxide per injection. resistance elicited by this killed parasite and aluminum hydroxide protocol was as effective on day 14 as that provided by immunization with a glucan and killed parasite preparation, and more effective in hepatic amastigote red ... | 1988 | 3355098 |