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the alpha-tubulin gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and differential gene expression during cold acclimation.the alpha-tubulins and beta-tubulins are the major constituents of microtubules, which have been recognized as important structural elements in cell growth and morphogenesis, and, recently, for their role in regulation and signal transduction. we have identified 15 full-length cdnas for the members of the alpha-tubulin gene family in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the genes were clustered into 5 homeologous groups of 3 genes. representatives of the 5 homeologous groups were mapped ...200717612619
gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. however, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown.200717598921
selection for osmoregulation gene to improve grain yield of wheat genotypes under osmotic stresses.for identifying osmoreguulation (or) differences in bread wheat genotypes, three experiments by using of randomized complete blocks design with five replications were carried out separately on 6 genotypes (tabasi, alvand, shahi, sabalan, sardary and roshan) under normal, drought and salinity stresses. at earring stage, in order to studying osmotic stress on pollen grains, treatments of 30% peg (control) and 50% peg with 10 mm kcl (osmotic stress) were applied. all pollen grains ofgenotypes were ...200719093486
association studies for agro-physiological and quality traits of triticale x bread wheat derivatives in relation to drought and cold stress.correlation coefficient analysis conducted on 22 triticale x bread wheat derivatives along with six checks to select true- breeding derivative(s) for future hybridization programme with tolerance to drought and cold stress conditions as well as better quality traits revealed significant correlation of grain yield with spikelets per spike, biological yield, harvest index, leaf area index. interestingly, the grain yield and drought susceptibility index showed no association. however, with cold tol ...200717915762
map-based analysis of genetic loci on chromosome 2d that affect glume tenacity and threshability, components of the free-threshing habit in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).during the domestication of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), evolutionary modifications that took place in seed dispersal mechanisms enhanced its suitability for agricultural production. one of these modifications involved the evolution of the free-threshing or hulless characteristic. in this study, we studied quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting components of the free-threshing habit (threshability and glume tenacity) on chromosome 2d in a recombinant inbred line (ril) population develope ...200717909743
[discrimination of the triticum aestivum-t. timopheevii introgression lines using pcr-based molecular markers].in order to determine the fragment size of triticum timopheevii chromosome segments introduced into wheat background and physically map the pm6 gene, a total of 72 primers (including ssr and sts primers) were used to analyze the eight introduced introgression lines containing pm6 gene. referring to the available mapping information of the analyzed markers on chromosome 2b, pm6 was physically located in distal part of the long arm of chromosome 2b at the region of bin 2bl-6. the introgressed frag ...200717905717
effects of aqueous eucalyptus extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in three wheat cultivar seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).evaluation of allelopathic effects of this plant on other near cultivations especially wheat is the aim of this study. effects of water extracts of eucalyptus leaves examined on germination and growth of three wheat cultivar seeds and seedlings. results showed that: germination percentage strongly decreased, leaf and root lengths also affected and dry and wet weights of both roots and shoots showed similar change patterns. activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase as antioxidant enzymes in ...200719090161
the barley phytomer.morphological mutants have been useful in elucidating the phytomeric structure of plants. recently described mutants have shed new light on the ontogeny (development of plant structures) and the phytomeric system of barley (hordeum vulgare). since the current model for barley phytomers was not adequate to explain the nature of some mutants, a new model is proposed.200717901062
[role of rye chromosome 2r from wheat-rye substitution line 2r(2d)1 (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29-secale cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya) in genetic regulation of meiotic restitution in wheat-rye polyhaploids].a study was made of the role of rye chromosome 2r from the wheat-rye substitution line 2r(2d)1 (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29-secale cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya) in genetic regulation of meiotic restitution in wheat-rye polyhaploids 2r(2d)1 x s. cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya. rye chromosome 2r proved to affect the completeness of the meiotic program, suppressing the formation of restitution gametes. this was evident from the reductional division of univalent chromosomes in ai and the oc ...200717899816
[effect of rye secale cereale l. chromosomes 1r and 3r on polyembryony expression in hybrid combinations between (hordeum vulgare l.)-triticum aestivum l. alloplasmic recombinant lines and wheat t. aestivum l.-rye s. cereale l. substitution lines].the effect of rye chromosomes on polyembryony was studied for reciprocal hybrid combinations between (hordeum vulgare l.)-triticum aestivum l. alloplasmic recombinant lines and five wheat t. aestivum l. (cultivar saratovskaya 29)-rye secale cereale l. (cultivar onokhoiskaya) substitution lines: ir(1d), 2r(2d), 3r(3b), 5r(5a), and 6r(6a), and for direct hybrid combinations between the [h. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (h. geniculatum all.)]-t. aestivum alloplasmic recombinant line and the wheat-rye su ...200717899814
an intervarietal genetic linkage map of indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and qtl maps for some metric traits.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exhibits very narrow genetic diversity and hence there is high relatedness among cultivated varieties. however, a population generated from an intervarietal cross, with the parents differing in a large number of traits, could lead to the generation of qtl maps which will be useful in practice. in this report a genetic linkage map of wheat is constructed using a cross between two indian bread wheat varieties: sonalika and kalyansona. the linkage map consisted of ...200717894910
organellar genome analysis of rye (secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions.rye (secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, rr) crop species of the triticeae and a better understanding of its organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. in the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) dna pcr-rflps. seven cpdna and 4 mtdna coding and ...200717893732
simulating the effects of localized red:far-red ratio on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum) using a three-dimensional virtual plant model.the outgrowth of tiller buds in poaceae is influenced by the ratio of red to far-red light irradiance (r:fr). at each point in the plant canopy, r:fr is affected by light scattered by surrounding plant tissues. this paper presents a three-dimensional virtual plant modelling approach to simulate local effects of r:fr on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum). r:fr dependence of bud outgrowth was implemented in a wheat model, using three hypothetical responses of bud extension to r:fr (unit ...200717888114
[effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrate reductase activity, nitric oxide content and gas exchange in winter wheat leaves].in this paper, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the nitrate reductase (nr) activity, nitric oxide (no) content and gas exchange parameters in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves from tillering stage to heading stage and on grain yield were studied. the results showed that the photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (t(r)) and instantaneous water use efficiency (iwue) of leaves as well as the grain yield were increased with increasing nitrogen application rate ...200717886633
assessment of fusarium infection in wheat heads using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay.the accuracy of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in quantifying the dna of trichothecene-producing f. culmorum and f. graminearum within harvested wheat grains and head tissue was evaluated in comparison with incidences of infected kernels and deoxynivalenol levels. in a first experiment, six durum and bread wheat varieties were grown in randomized plots for a 2-year period, and inoculated with fusarium macroconidia at six growth stages between heading and dough ripening, to obtain ...200717886184
[distribution of 45s rdna sequence on chromosomes of triticum aes-tivum and its relative species].fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and sequential c-banding and fish techniques were used in locating 45s rdna sequence on specific chromosomes of triticum monococcum, t. dicoccoides, t. aestivum, hordeum vulgare, haynaldia villosa, t. durum-haynaldia villosa amphiploid, avena fatus, and roegneria kamoji. high polymorphism between common wheat and its relatives on 45s rdna sequence distribution was detected. all the chromosomal secondary constriction regions of these species had 45s rdna l ...200717855264
rapd markers associated with drought tolerance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).randomly amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) were used to search genetic diversity and markers associated with drought tolerance in 20 bread wheat cultivars. these cultivars are extensively being used by farmers in iran, 6 of them are known as drought tolerant. initial screens involved growing 10 cultivars at seedling stage under drought conditions (-5 and -8 bar) exerted by peg 6000 in a hydroponic experiment. these tests confirmed the tolerance of the 6 above mentioned cultivars. thirty 10-mer ...200719090135
flavonoid profiling among wild type and related gm wheat varieties.pleiotropic effects are one of the main concerns regarding genetically modified organisms (gmos). this includes unintended side effects of the transgene or its genome insertion site on the regulation of other endogenous genes, which could potentially cause the accumulation of different secondary metabolites that may have not only an impact on diet as repeatedly worried by the public but also on the environment. regarding amount and possible environmental effects, flavonoids represent the most pr ...200717849220
analysis of expression profile of selected genes expressed during auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base system of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their possible interactions.somatic embryogenesis is a notable illustration of plant totipotency and involves reprogramming of development in somatic cells toward the embryogenic pathway. auxins are key components as their exogenous application recuperates the embryogenic potential of the mitotically quiescent somatic cells. in order to unravel the molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis, cdna library was made from the regeneration proficient wheat leaf base segments treated with auxin. in total, 1440 clones were sequence ...200717849219
molecular and phylogenetic analysis of mads-box genes of mikc type and chromosome location of sep-like genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).transcription factors encoded by mikc-type mads-box genes control many important functions in plants, including flower development and morphogenesis. the cloning and characterization of 45 mikc-type mads-box full-length cdna sequences of common wheat is reported in the present paper. wheat est databases were searched by known sequences of mikc-type genes and primers were designed for cdna cloning by rt-pcr. full-length cdnas were obtained by 5' and 3' race extension. southern analysis showed tha ...200717846794
simulation of the three-dimensional distribution of the red:far-red ratio within crop canopies.it is widely recognized that the red:far-red ratio (zeta) acts as a signal that triggers plant morphogenesis. new insights into photomorphogenesis have been gained through experiments in controlled environments. extrapolation of such results to field conditions requires characterization of the zeta signal perceived by plant organs within canopies. this paper presents a modeling approach to characterize this signal. a wheat (triticum aestivum) architectural model was coupled with a three-dimensio ...200717803651
effects on growth and physiological parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in soil and irrigated with cyanobacterial toxin contaminated water.the present study investigates the germination and growth of triticum aestivum exposed to two different microcystins (microcystin-lr [where the two variable places in the toxin molecule are leucine (l) and arginine (r) (mc-lr)] and microcystin-rr) and to cell-free cyanobacterial crude extract containing mc-lr. the concentration of the microcystins was set to 0.5 microg l(-1) and therefore is in the range of concentrations normally detected in the environment. in three experiments, the inhibition ...200718020690
introgression of wheat chromosome 2d or 5d into tritordeum leads to free-threshing habit.hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the diploid wild barley hordeum chilense and durum wheat. the non-free-threshing habit is a constraint to this species becoming a new crop. three tritordeum lines (ht374, ht376, and ht382) showing the free-threshing habit were selected from crosses between tritordeum and bread wheat. all three lines were euploids, as revealed by mitotic chromosome counting. genomic in situ hybridization analysis made it possible to distinguish ...200718059545
identification of variation in adaptively important traits and genome-wide analysis of trait-marker associations in triticum monococcum.einkorn wheat triticum monococcum (2n=2x=14, a(m)a(m)) is one of the earliest domesticated crops. however, it was abandoned for cultivation before the bronze age and has infrequently been used in wheat breeding. little is known about the genetic variation in adaptively important biological traits in t. monococcum. a collection of 30 accessions of diverse geographic origins were characterized for phenotypic variation in various agro-morphological traits including grain storage proteins and endosp ...200718057045
quantifying the presence and absence of turgor for the spatial characterization of cortical senescence in roots of triticum aestivum (poaceae).cortical senescence is an important feature of the roots of a number of graminaceous species because it may contribute to rhizodeposition of carbon and influence the efficiency of nutrient uptake. a major limitation to understanding the physiological control of senescence and its impact on rhizosphere processes has been the lack of reliable techniques for characterizing the progress of senescence along the root. the use of a single-cell pressure probe was evaluated for quantifying cell integrity ...200721636398
[wheat domestication and bread wheat speciation: variation produced by intraspecific differentiation and allopolyploidization]. 200718064884
[molecular phylogenetics of cultivated plants, with special reference to maize and common wheat]. 200718064882
chromosome arm location of the genes for the biosynthesis of hordatines in barley.hordatines a and b, the strong antifungal compounds in barley (hordeum vulgare), are biosynthesized from p-coumaroyl- and feruloyl-coa and agmatine by two successive reactions catalyzed by agmatine coumaroyltransferase (act) and peroxidase. act catalyzes the formation of agmatine conjugates (p-coumaroylagmatine and feruloylagmatine) from precursor coas and agmatine, and peroxidase catalyzes the oxidative coupling of agmatine conjugates to form hordatines. our previous study demonstrated that the ...200718270436
condensation of rye chromatin in somatic interphase nuclei of ph1 and ph1b wheat.the ph1 locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) enforces diploid-like behavior in the first metaphase of meiosis. to test the hypothesis that this chromosome pairing control is exercised by affecting the degree of chromatin condensation, the dispersion of rye chromatin in interphase nuclei in somatic tissues of wheat-rye chromosome translocations 1rs.1bl, 2rs.2bl, 2bs.2rl, 3rs.3dl and 5rs.5bl was compared in ph1 and ph1b isogenic backgrounds. no significant differences in rye chromatin c ...200718253040
a novel 51-kda fragment of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase formed in the stroma of chloroplasts in dark-induced senescing wheat leaves.the degradation of large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yangmai 158) leaves was studied. a novel 51-kda fragment was detected in leaf crude extracts and in chloroplast lysates from leaves with dark-induced senescence. further studies showed that the 51-kda fragment was found in the reaction solution with stroma fraction but not in that with the chloroplast membrane fraction and in the chloroplast lysates from mature w ...200718251925
the triticum aestivum non-specific lipid transfer protein (taltp) gene family: comparative promoter activity of six taltp genes in transgenic rice.plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions, which remain unclear. we adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (lm-pcr) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel triticum aestivum nsltp (taltp) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsltps. a phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsltps into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members. we also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 taltp gene pr ...200716983534
transcriptional profiling of summer wheat, grown under different realistic uv-b irradiation regimes.there is limited information on the impact of present-day ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on a reprogramming of gene expression in crops. summer wheat was cultivated in controlled environmental facilities under simulated realistic climatic conditions. we investigated the effect of different regimes of uv-b radiation on summer wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars nandu, star and turbo. until recently, these were most important in bavaria. different cultivars of crops often show great differences ...200716893592
cadmium availability to wheat grain in soils treated with sewage sludge or metal salts.grain cd concentrations were determined in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in 1999, 2001 and 2003, at six sludge cake field experiments. three of these sites also had comparisons with cd availability from metal amended liquid sludge and metal salts. grain cd concentrations in all years and at all sites were significantly linearly correlated with nh4no3 extractable cd and soil total cd (p<0.001). soil extractability was greater in the liquid sludge and metal salt experiments than in the cake e ...200717109920
novel dna variations to characterize low molecular weight glutenin glu-d3 genes and develop sts markers in common wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play an important role in bread and noodle processing quality by influencing the viscoelasticity and extensibility of dough. the objectives of this study were to characterize glu-d3 subunit coding genes and to develop molecular markers for identifying glu-d3 gene haplotypes. gene specific primer sets were designed to amplify eight wheat cultivars containing glu-d3a, b, c, d and e alleles, defined traditionally by protein electrophoretic mobility. t ...200717106734
organic acids enhance the uptake of lead by wheat roots.the uptake and bioavailability of lead (pb) in soil-plant systems remain poorly understood. this study indicates that acetic and malic acids enhance the uptake of pb by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots under hydroponic conditions. the net concentration-dependent uptake influx of pb in the presence and absence of organic acids was characterized by michaelis-menten type nonsaturating kinetic curves that could be resolved into linear and saturable components. fitted maximum uptake rates (v (max)) ...200717106683
wheat phytotoxicity from arsenic and cadmium separately and together in solution culture and in a calcareous soil.the toxicity of two toxic elements, arsenic (as) and cadmium (cd) (individually or in combination) on root elongation of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, l.) were investigated both in hydroponics and in soils freshly spiked with the toxic elements. median effective concentration (ec(50)) and non-observed effect concentration (noec) were used to investigate the toxic thresholds and potencies of the two elements. the ec(50) for as was 0.97 microm in hydroponics and 196 mgkg(-1) in soil, and 4.3 ...200717418485
effects of paclobutrazol and salt stress on growth and ionic contents in two cultivars of wheat.the effect ofpaclobutrazol (pbz) treatment on salinity tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum), were investigated for two salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars. salinity with pbz treatment significantly reduced the plant height and length and area of sixth leaf in both cultivars. with increasing salinity, a gradually reduction was observed in roots length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and sixth leaf and relative water content of pbz-applied plants in both cultivars. the greatest reduction w ...200719069984
drought-adaptive traits derived from wheat wild relatives and landraces.exotic parents are being used to increase allelic diversity in bread wheat breeding through (i) interspecific hybridization of the ancestral genomes to produce so-called synthetic derived (syn-der) wheat, and (ii) crossing with landrace accessions, originating in abiotically stressed environments, that have become isolated from mainstream gene pools. evaluation of the inherent genetic diversity encompassed by drought-adapted landraces compared with checks using dna fingerprinting confirmed that ...200717185737
the genetics of nitrogen use in hexaploid wheat: n utilisation, development and yield.a genetic study is presented for traits relating to nitrogen use in wheat. quantitative trait loci (qtls) were established for 21 traits relating to growth, yield and leaf nitrogen (n) assimilation during grain fill in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a mapping population from the cross chinese spring x sq1. glutamine synthetase (gs) isozymes and estimated locations of 126 genes were placed on the genetic map. qtls for flag leaf gs activity, soluble protein, extract colour and fresh ...200717180378
the mechanical diversity of stomata and its significance in gas-exchange control.given that stomatal movement is ultimately a mechanical process and that stomata are morphologically and mechanically diverse, we explored the influence of stomatal mechanical diversity on leaf gas exchange and considered some of the constraints. mechanical measurements were conducted on the guard cells of four different species exhibiting different stomatal morphologies, including three variants on the classical "kidney" form and one "dumb-bell" type; this information, together with gas-exchang ...200717114276
mapping of fhb2 on chromosome 6bs: a gene controlling fusarium head blight field resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most important fungal wheat diseases worldwide. understanding the genetics of fhb resistance is key to facilitate the introgression of different fhb resistance genes into adapted wheat. the objective of this project was to study the fhb resistance qtl on chromosome 6b, quantify the phenotypic variation, and qualitatively map the resistance gene as a mendelian factor. the fhb resistant parent bw278 (ac domain*2/sumai 3) was used as the source of the resist ...200717091262
expression of a modified adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit in wheat seeds stimulates photosynthesis and carbon metabolism.adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp) is the rate-limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis. expression of an altered maize agp large subunit (sh2r6hs) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) results in increased agp activity in developing seed endosperm and seed yield. the yield phenotype involves increases in both seed number and total plant biomass. here we describe stimulation of photosynthesis by the seed-specific sh2r6hs transgene. photosynthetic rates were increased in sh2r6hs-expressing plants und ...200717021802
independent wheat b and g genome origins in outcrossing aegilops progenitor haplotypes.the origin of modern wheats involved alloploidization among related genomes. to determine if aegilops speltoides was the donor of the b and g genomes in aabb and aagg tetraploids, we used a 3-tiered approach. using 70 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) loci, we sampled molecular diversity among 480 wheat lines from their natural habitats encompassing all s genome aegilops, the putative progenitors of wheat b and g genomes. fifty-nine aegilops representatives for s genome diversity wer ...200717053048
quantitative structure analysis of genetic diversity among spring bread wheats (triticum aestivum l.) from different geographical regions.genetic diversity in spring bread wheat (t. aestivum l.) was studied in a total of 69 accessions. for this purpose, 52 microsatellite (ssr) markers were used and a total of 406 alleles were detected, of which 182 (44.8%) occurred at a frequency of <5% (rare alleles). the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 7.81. the largest number of alleles per locus occurred in the b genome (8.65) as compared to the a (8.43) and d (5.93) genomes, respectively. the polymorphism in ...200717048074
transcriptional analysis between two wheat near-isogenic lines contrasting in aluminum tolerance under aluminum stress.to understand the mechanisms of aluminum (al) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) libraries were constructed from al-stressed roots of two near-isogenic lines (nils). a total of 1,065 putative genes from the ssh libraries was printed in a cdna array. relative expression levels of those genes were compared between two nils at seven time points of al stress from 15 min to 7 days. fifty-seven genes were differentially expressed for at least one tim ...200717039377
glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase contribute differentially to proline accumulation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to different salinity.to investigate the roles of ammonium-assimilating enzymes in proline synthesis under salinity stress, the activities of glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) and nadh-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadh-gdh; ec 1.4.1.2) were determined in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to salt stress at 150 and 300 mm nacl for 5d. at the lower salinity, only gs activity increased markedly. at 300 mm nacl, however, nadh-gdh activity increased while gs activity decreased. a significant a ...200716777263
plasma membrane lipid alterations induced by cold acclimation and abscisic acid treatment of winter wheat seedlings differing in frost resistance.cold acclimation of plants affects many aspects of metabolism. changes in plasma membrane lipids have always been considered to be important for development of frost resistance and survival at subzero temperatures. we studied different cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that differed in frost resistance induced either by cold acclimation or treatment with the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba). plasma membranes were isolated from non-acclimated and cold- as well as from aba-acclimat ...200716500724
fermentation metabolism in roots of wheat seedlings after hypoxic pre-treatment in different anoxic incubation systems.a hypoxic pre-treatment (hpt) can improve the anoxic survival of flooding sensitive plants. here, we tested whether a 4-d hpt of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) would improve their anoxic resistance, and if so, why. we found that the metabolic adjustment during prolonged hpt involved an increased lactate excretion rate, the up-regulation of glycolytic and fermentative enzymes as well as the accumulation of various sugars. therefore, hpt wheat roots could sustain a 3 times higher ethanolic fe ...200716616971
identification of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for low-temperature tolerance in cold-hardy winter wheat.low-temperature (lt) tolerance is an important economic trait in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that determines the plants' ability to cope with below freezing temperatures. essential elements of the lt tolerance mechanism are associated with the winter growth habit controlled by the vernalization loci (vrn-1) on the group 5 chromosomes. to identify genomic regions, which in addition to vrn-1 determine the level of lt tolerance in hexaploid wheat, two doubled haploid (dh) mapping population ...200716775685
effects of osmotic stress on the kinds, forms and levels of polyamines in wheat coleoptiles.the changes in levels and forms of polyamine (pa) in the coleoptiles of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars differing in drought tolerance were investigated under osmotic stress. the drought-tolerant 'yumai 18' showed marked increases in free spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) levels in coleoptiles after being treated with polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 for 2 d in the dark, while drought-sensitive 'yangmai 9' showed a significant increase in free putrescine (put) content. treatment of co ...200616775396
distribution of dart, aflp, and ssr markers in a genetic linkage map of a doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population.a genetic linkage mapping study was conducted in 93 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between triticum aestivum l. em. thell 'arina' and a norwegian spring wheat breeding line, nk93604, using diversity arrays technology (dart), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), and simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. the objective of this study was to understand the distribution, redundancy, and segregation distortion of dart markers in comparison with aflp and ssr markers. the map contai ...200616767179
use of a large-scale triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the us wheat genome project, funded by the national science foundation, developed the first large public triticeae expressed sequence tag (est) resource. altogether, 116,272 ests were produced, comprising 100,674 5' ests and 15 598 3' ests. these ests were derived from 42 cdna libraries, which were created from hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its close relatives, including diploid wheat (t. monococcum l. and aegilops speltoides l.), tetraploid wheat (t. turgidum l.), and rye (se ...200616767178
isolation and characterization of ssr sequences from the genome and tac clones of common wheat using the pcr technique.we have developed the 2-step pcr method, a kind of suppression pcr procedure, to isolate simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a more convenient manner. this system requires neither genomic library screening nor the ssr-enrichment procedure. as a result, we designed 131 primer pairs based on isolated ssrs from not only genomic dna, but also transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. it has been demonstrated that 34 of the 131 ssr markers dev ...200616767168
[optimization of biological and physical parameters for biolistic genetic transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a particle inflow gun].the parameters for delivery of expression cassettes to cells of wheat morphogenic callus induced from immature embryos were optimized. three systems (gradation, delayed, and regeneration) for in vitro selection of transgenic wheat tissue using the bar gene, providing resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (ppt), were compared. the efficiency of gene delivery to the cells competent for plant regeneration was assessed by comparing the number of spots transiently expressing uida gene (encodin ...200616756070
differential regulation of transcript accumulation and alternative splicing of a dreb2 homolog under abiotic stress conditions in common wheat.a number of cold responsive (cor)/late embryogenesis abundant (lea) genes are induced by both low temperature (lt) and dehydration. to understand the molecular basis of cold acclimation and its relationship with drought stress response in wheat seedlings, we isolated a dreb2 homolog wdreb2, which is the candidate gene for a transcription factor of the cor/lea genes. the wdreb2 expression was activated by cold, drought, salt and exogenous aba treatment. detailed expression studies of wdreb2 indic ...200616755132
effects of oxalate and phosphate on the release of arsenic from contaminated soils and arsenic accumulation in wheat.oxalate is exuded by plants in the rhizosphere and plays an important role in the soil/root interactions. phosphate fertilizer is widely used all over the world and may influence the behavior of arsenic (as) in soils. in this study oxalate and phosphate were used as extractants to investigate their effects on the release of as from three as-contaminated soils and the chemical speciation of as. concentrations of arsenite (as(iii)) and arsenate (as(v)) released progressively increased by increasin ...200616750554
the two main endoproteases present in dark-induced senescent wheat leaves are distinct subtilisin-like proteases.we have previously reported the occurrence of two serine endoproteases (referred to as p1 and p2) in dark-induced senescent wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. p1 enzyme was already purified and identified as a subtilisin-like serine endoprotease (roberts et al. in physiol plant 118:483-490, 2003). in this paper, we demonstrate by western blot analysis of extracts obtained from dark-induced senescent leaves that an antiserum raised against p1 was able to recognise a second protein band of 78 kd ...200616741746
transferable bread wheat est-ssrs can be useful for phylogenetic studies among the triticeae species.the genetic similarity between 150 accessions, representing 14 diploidand polyploid species of the triticeae tribe, was investigated following the upgma clustering method. seventy-three common wheat est-derived ssr markers (est-ssrs) that were demonstrated to be transferable across several wheat-related species were used. when diploid species only are concerned, all the accessions bearing the same genome were clustered together without ambiguity while the separation between the different sub-spe ...200616736140
changes in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis during phenological development in spring wheat: implications for gas exchange modelling.gas exchange was measured from 1 month before the onset of anthesis until the end of grain filling in field-grown spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., cv. vinjett, in southern sweden. two g ( s ) models were parameterised using these data: one jarvis-type multiplicative g ( s ) model (j-model), and one combined stomatal-photosynthesis model (l-model). in addition, the multiplicative g ( s ) model parameterisation for wheat used within the european monitoring and evaluation programme (emep-model) ...200616733690
quantification of genetic relationships among a genomes of wheats.the genetic relationships of a genomes of triticum urartu (au) and triticum monococcum (am) in polyploid wheats are explored and quantified by aflp fingerprinting. forty-one accessions of a-genome diploid wheats, 3 of ag-genome wheats, 19 of ab-genome wheats, 15 of abd-genome wheats, and 1 of the d-genome donor ae. tauschii have been analysed. based on 7 aflp primer combinations, 423 bands were identified as potentially a genome specific. the bands were reduced to 239 by eliminating those presen ...200616699549
characterization of chromosome-specific s-sap markers and their use in studying genetic diversity in aegilops species.the short interspersed nuclear element (sine), au, was used to develop sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (s-sap) markers for u- and m-genome chromosomes. the markers were localized using triticum aestivum (wheat)-- aegilops geniculata and wheat-- aegilops biuncialis disomic chromosome addition lines. thirty-seven markers distributed over 6 u and 6 m chromosomes were produced. a genetic diversity study carried out on 37 accessions from ae. biuncialis, ae. comosa, ae. geniculata, and ae. um ...200616699548
wild sex in the grasses.to date, alien introgression of agronomically important traits into bread wheat (triticum aestivum) from wild relatives has not been readily achievable through traditional breeding practices. however, this door might now be unlocked. the insightful research published recently by graham moore and his team delivers a likely candidate in the form of a cdc2-kinase-related gene family for the ph1 locus--a chromatin region located on chromosome 5b that is responsible for homologous chromosome pairing ...200616697246
hydrolysed wheat proteins present in cosmetics can induce immediate hypersensitivities.cosmetics containing hydrolysed wheat proteins (hwp) can induce rare but severe allergic reactions. 9 patients, all females without common wheat allergy, but with contact urticaria to such cosmetics, were studied. 6 of them also experienced generalized urticaria or anaphylaxis to foods containing hwp. all patients had low to moderate levels of immunoglobulin (ig)e specific of wheat flour (f4) or gluten (f79). their sensitivity to hwp and their tolerance to unmodified wheat proteins extracted fro ...200616689814
[intraspecific differences in physiological responses of different wheat cultivars to enhanced uv-b radiation].in this paper, field studies were conducted to determine the potential of alterations in physiology, and the intraspecific differences in sensitivity of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to enhanced uv-b radiation. the supplemental uv-b radiation was 5.00 kj x m(-2), simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone in kunming area. the results showed that six of 10 tested wheat cultivars showed significant changes in total chlorophyll content, among which, chlorophyll a was strongly reduce ...200616689255
fractionation mechanisms of rare earth elements (rees) in hydroponic wheat: an application for metal accumulation by plants.fractionations of rare earth elements (rees) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were observed through application of exogenous mixed rees under hydroponic conditions. middle ree (mree), light ree (lree), and heavy ree (hree) enrichments were found in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively, accompanied by the tetrad effect (an effect that can cause a split of ree patterns into four consecutive segments) in these organs. investigations into ree speciation in roots and in the xylem sap with x-ray abso ...200616683609
distribution of g-actin is related to root hair growth of wheat.actin distribution in root hair tips is a controversial topic. although the relationship between ca2+ gradient and actin dynamics in plant tip-growth has been a focus of study, there is still little direct evidence on the exact relationship in root hair tip-growth.200616675602
the genotoxic effects of logran on hordeum vulgare l. and triticum aestivum l.in the present study, the cytogenetic effects of the herbicide logran on root tip cells of triticurn aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l. and changes of total protein content in root tip meristems were studied. the seeds of plants were treated with various concentrations of logran (125, 250, 500 microg/ml) for 3 and 6 h. the percentages of abnormal cells were seen to increase with increasing treatment period and concentrations. the most dominant types of observed abnormalities were c-mitosis, dist ...200616646526
a chemical extraction method for mimicking bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to wheat grown in soils containing various amounts of organic matter.in this study, we have evaluated the extent to which organic matter contents in soils influence the accumulation of pahs by the roots of wheat plants and have developed a rapid chemical method for determining the bioavailability of pah. four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and phenanthrene, were added to natural soil samples with different amounts of organic matterfor pot experiments to evaluate apparent bioavailability of pahs to wheat roots (trit ...200616646456
high-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1d.physical mapping methods that do not rely on meiotic recombination are necessary for complex polyploid genomes such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this need is due to the uneven distribution of recombination and significant variation in genetic to physical distance ratios. one method that has proven valuable in a number of nonplant and plant systems is radiation hybrid (rh) mapping. this work presents, for the first time, a high-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1d (d genome) ...200616624903
[effects of sodium nitroprusside on mitochondrial function of rye and wheat root tip under aluminum stress].sodium nitroprusside (snp) could ameliorate the inhibition effect of al on root growth of rye (secale cereale l. cv. king) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jinmai47). respiratory rate, p/o, opr (oxygenated phosphate rate), r(3) (oxygen consumption rate with adp and substrate present), r(4) (oxygen consumption rate with substrate) and rcr (respiratory control ratio, r(3)/r(4)) of root tips from rye and wheat decreased, as well as the activities of h(+)-atpase, h(+)-ppase, na(+)-k(+)-atpase, ca ...200616622325
alkylresorcinol content and homologue composition in durum wheat (triticum durum) kernels and pasta products.the total alkylresorcinol (ar) content and relative homologue composition of 21 durum wheat (triticum durum) kernel samples, as well as 5 pasta products and the corresponding flour mixtures, were determined. durum wheat contained on average 455 microg/g ars, and the average relative homologue composition was c17:0 (0.4%), c19:0 (14%), c21:0 (58%), c23:0 (21%), and c25:0 (6.5%). the homologue composition was found to be relatively consistent among samples, with durum wheat being different from co ...200616608224
[pcr-rflp analysis on roegneria, elymus, hystrix and kengyilia in triticeae (poaceae)].pcr-rflp of plasmon on 23 species of roegneria, elymus, hystrix and kengyilia and 1 outgroup (triticum aestivum l.) was carried out. the segments amplified with 3 cpdna and 3 mtdna universal primers were digested by 15 restriction endonucleases. among 329 bands produced, 304 were polymorphic (92.4%). pcr-rflp results showed that polymorphisms existed between the four genera and between the species in roegneria, elymus, hystrix and kengyilia, and genetic similarity coefficient was high. roegneria ...200616606599
[cytogenetic analysis of alloplasmic recombinant lines (h. vulgare)-t. aestivum with unstable fertility and viability].comparative cytogenetic analysis was performed with four alloplasmic recombinant (hordeum vulgare)-triticum aestivum lines differing in morphological traits, number of seeds per spike, and seed plumpness. none of the lines displayed introgression of the barley genetic material: the karyotypes included only common wheat chromosomes. two lines, 79(b) and 79(d), were cytogenetically stable. plants of lines 79(a) and 79(c) displayed a high frequency of unbalanced chromosome aberrations, including di ...200616583704
single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic mapping, and expression of genes coding for the dof wheat prolamin-box binding factor.wheat prolamin-box binding factor (wpbf) was shown to be an activator of triticum aestivum l. storage protein genes. three homoeologous genes encoding this transcription factor were isolated from a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library and sequenced. the genes all have two exons separated by an intron of approximately 1,000 bp where the second exon contains the entire coding sequence. many differences were found between homoeologous sequences, but none of them is predicted to significa ...200616568337
screening and applying wheat microsatellite markers to trace individual haynaldia villosa chromosomes.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microsatellite markers were screened for detecting haynaldia villosa l. chromosomes introduced into wheat background. two hundred and seventy six primer pairs mapped on 7 homeologous groups of wheat were used to amplify the gdna of t. aestivum and h. villosa. the results showed that 148 of 276 microsatellite primers amplified polymorphic bands between common wheat cv. chinese spring and h. villosa. primers wmc49 (1bs), wmc25 (2bs), gdm36 (3ds), gdm145 (4al), wmc233 ( ...200616553212
relationship between osmotic stress and polyamines conjugated to the deoxyribonucleic acid-protein in wheat seedling roots.the contents of covalently conjugated polyamines (cc-pas) and noncovalently conjugated polyamines (ncc-pas) to deoxyribonucleic acid-protein (dnp) isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling roots under osmotic stress were detected. results showed thatafter osmotic stress treatment for 7 d, the levels in ncc-spermine (ncc-spm) and ncc-spermidine (ncc-spd) of drought-tolerant yumai no. 18 cv. increased more markedly than that of drought-sensitive yangmai no. 9 cv., while the ncc-putrescin ...200616544571
deposition of cell wall polysaccharides in wheat endosperm during grain development: fourier transform-infrared microspectroscopy study.the time course and pattern deposition of the cell wall polysaccharides in the starchy endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. recital) during grain development was studied using fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (micro-ftir). three stages of grain development identified as key stages for cell wall construction were retained as follows: the end cellularization, the beginning of cell differentiation, and the beginning of maturation. micro-ftir revealed that beta-(1-->3),(1-->4) gluca ...200616536611
a raman-scattering study on the net orientation of biomacromolecules in the outer epidermal walls of mature wheat stems (triticum aestivum).raman spectroscopy can be used to examine the orientation of biomacromolecules using relatively thick samples of material, whereas more traditional means of analysing molecular structure require prior isolation of the components, which often destroys morphological features. in this study, raman spectroscopy was used to examine the outer epidermal cell walls of wheat stems.200616533832
joint stress of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium on wheat triticum aestivum at biochemical levels.biochemical responses to joint stress of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium (cd) in wheat triticum aestivum were examined. the joint action of chlorimuron-ethyl and cd weakened the inhibition of cd or chlorimuron-ethyl on the formation of chlorophyll. it was deduced that wheat plants had the capability to protect themselves by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (pod) with the exposure time. the joint effect of chlorimuron-ethyl and cd on the superoxide dismutase (sod) activi ...200616530309
use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat.there is considerable variability in salt tolerance amongst members of the triticeae, with the tribe even containing a number of halophytes. this is a review of what is known of the differences in salt tolerance of selected species in this tribe of grasses, and the potential to use wild species to improve salt tolerance in wheat. most investigators have concentrated on differences in ion accumulation in leaves, describing a desirable phenotype with low leaf na+ concentration and a high k+/na+ ra ...200616513812
uptake, translocation and metabolism of the herbicide florasulam in wheat and broadleaf weeds.florasulam is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide post-emergence broadleaf herbicide for use in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the selectivity of florasulam to wheat has been determined to be related primarily to a differential rate of metabolism between wheat with a half-life of 2.4 h and broadleaf weeds with half-lives ranging from 19 to >48 h. to a lesser extent, selectivity, at least for the broadleaf weed cleavers (galium aparine l.), involves uptake differences. rate of metabolism data were ...200616506146
performance of wheat crops with different chromosome ploidy: root-sourced signals, drought tolerance, and yield performance.pot-culture experiments were carried out to estimate the role of non-hydraulic root signals (nhrs) and the relation of these signals to drought tolerance and grain yield formation under drought stress in six wheat varieties. these were two modern hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd) plateau602 and longchun8139-2, two diploid wheat (triticum monococcum l., ab) mo1 and mo4, and two tetraploid wheat (triticum dicoccum schuebl l., aabb) dm22 and dm31. in the two diploid relatives, the nhrs ...200616506063
phylogenetic relationships of triticum and aegilops and evidence for the origin of the a, b, and d genomes of common wheat (triticum aestivum).common wheat (triticum aestivum) has for decades been a textbook example of the evolution of a major crop species by allopolyploidization. using a sophisticated extension of the pcr technique, we have successfully isolated two single-copy nuclear genes, dmc1 and ef-g, from each of the three genomes found in hexaploid wheat (ba(u)d) and from the two genomes of the tetraploid progenitor triticum turgidum (ba(u)). by subjecting these sequences to phylogenetic analysis together with sequences from r ...200616504543
reactive oxygen species production in wheat roots is not linked with changes in h fluxes during acidic and aluminium stresses.aluminium stress induces peroxidation of lipids in the plasma membrane, the effect akin to that caused by reactive oxygen species (ros). ros have recently been proposed as regulators of redox-dependent ion transport across the plasma membrane during biotic and abiotic stresses, thus contributing to the plant defence system. the aim of this study was to discover whether ros production is linked to redox-dependent h(+) transport system located at the plasma membranes of two near-isogenic lines of ...200619521479
[molecular cloning of a novel low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from wheat variety "chuanmai 42"].using pcr-amplification method, the coding sequences of a novel low-molecular-weight glutenin (lmw-gs) gene, lmwcm42-1, was isolated from the genomic dna of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety 'chuanmai 42'. the full coding region of this gene consisted of 846 nucleotides, and encoded a protein with 281 amino acids. lmwcm42-1 is a typical low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) gene. in spite of high similarity with the known lmw-gss, lmwcm42-1 was quite different from the known lmw-gs i ...200616469718
molecular characterization of ph1 as a major chromosome pairing locus in polyploid wheat.the foundation of western civilization owes much to the high fertility of bread wheat, which results from the stability of its polyploid genome. despite possessing multiple sets of related chromosomes, hexaploid (bread) and tetraploid (pasta) wheat both behave as diploids at meiosis. correct pairing of homologous chromosomes is controlled by the ph1 locus. in wheat hybrids, ph1 prevents pairing between related chromosomes. lack of ph1 activity in diploid relatives of wheat suggests that ph1 aros ...200616467840
two recessive genes controlling thermophotoperiod-sensitive male sterility in wheat.male sterility of wheat-breeding line 337s (triticum aestivum l.) is sensitive to both short day-length/low temperature and long day-length/high temperature. 337s was crossed with the common wheat variety, huamai no. 8 and the f1 was highly fertile. the f2 population segregated in a 15:1 ratio for fertility/sterility in 243 individuals under long day-length/high-temperature. the two thermophotoperiod-responsive male sterile genes were mapped to chromosomes 5b and 2b using simple sequence repeat ...200616465548
ssr-based linkage map with new markers using an intraspecific population of common wheat.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are valuable molecular markers in many plant species. in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which is characteristic of its large genomes and alloploidy, ssrs are one of the most useful markers. to increase ssr marker sources and construct an ssr-based linkage map of appropriate density, we tried to develop new ssr markers from ssr-enriched genomic libraries and the public database. ssrs having (ga)n and (gt)n motifs were isolated from enriched libraries, and di- ...200616450184
comparison of the accumulation of (137)cs and (90)sr by six spring wheat varieties.the uptake of (137)cs and (90)sr by six varieties of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) was compared in field trials on land contaminated by the chernobyl accident. all the experimental varieties are officially adopted for agricultural use in belarus and are used in large-scale production. under identical conditions of nutrition, the productivity of the varieties varied significantly by a factor of 1.3. the extent of (137)cs and (90)sr accumulation by wheat grain, quantified as the concentration r ...200616447064
low-temperature tolerance and genetic potential in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): response to photoperiod, vernalization, and plant development.it is frequently observed that winter habit types are more low-temperature (lt) tolerant than spring habit types. this raises the question of whether this is due to pleiotropic effects of the vernalization loci or to the linkage of lt-tolerance genes to these vernalization loci. reciprocal near-isogenic lines (nils) for alleles at the vrn-a1 locus, vrn-a1 and vrn-a1, determining spring and winter habit respectively, in two diverse genetic backgrounds of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were used to ...200616440213
attempts to induce homoeologous pairing between wheat and agropyron cristatum genomes.agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) possesses potentially valuable traits that could be used in wheat (triticum aestivum) improvement through interspecific hybridization. homoeologous pairing between wheat chromosomes and p chromosomes added to wheat in a set of wheat - a. cristatum addition lines was assessed. first, the ph-suppressing effect of p chromosomes (except 7p) was analyzed. it was concluded that this system is polygenic with no major gene, and consequently, has no prospect in th ...200616498469
selective disruption of wheat secondary metabolism by herbicide safeners.in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), treatment with herbicide safeners enhances the expression of enzymes involved in pesticide detoxification and reduces crop sensitivity to herbicides. since these same enzymes are involved in plant secondary metabolism, it was of interest to determine whether or not the safener cloquintocet mexyl perturbed phenolic metabolism in wheat seedlings. lc/esi/ms analysis identified 14 phenolic substrates in the shoots of young wheat plants. fragmentation imposed by colli ...200616494903
effect of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of chlorotoluron to triticum aestivum.response of two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum cv. ym 158 and nm 9) to the herbicide chlorotoluron and the effect of two forms of dissolved organic matter on the chlorotoluron toxicity to the plants were characterized. treatment with chlorotoluron at 10-50 microg/ml inhibited the seed germination and a dose-response was observed. the inhibition of seed germination was correlated to the depression of alpha-amylase activities. to identify whether chlorotoluron induced oxidative damage to wheat ...200620050556
cloning and molecular characterization of three novel lmw-i glutenin subunit genes from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l.).three novel low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin subunits from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l., a(m)a(m), 2n = 2x = 14) were characterized by sds-page and molecular weights determined by maldi-tof-ms. their coding genes were amplified and cloned with designed as-pcr primers, revealing three complete gene sequences. all comprised upstream, open reading frame (orf), downstream and no introns were present. the deduced amino acid sequences showed that all three genes, named as lmw-m1, lmw- ...200616775696
microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mrna expression of dwarf wheat.the use of higher plants as the basis for a biological life support system that regenerates the atmosphere, purifies water, and produces food has been proposed for long duration space missions. the objective of these experiments was to determine what effects microgravity (microg) had on chloroplast development, carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression in developing leaves of triticum aestivum l. cv. usu apogee. gravity naive wheat plants were sampled from a series of seven 21-day experiments ...200616708225
quantitative trait loci for yield and related traits in the wheat population ning7840 x clark.grain yield and associated agronomic traits are important factors in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) improvement. knowledge regarding the number, genomic location, and effect of quantitative trait loci (qtl) would facilitate marker-assisted selection and the development of cultivars with desirable characteristics. our objectives were to identify qtls directly and indirectly affecting grain yield expression. a population of 132 f12 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was derived by single-seed descent f ...200616369760
bread wheat varieties as influenced by different nitrogen levels.experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen levels on four bread wheat varieties (triticum aestivum l.) viz. inqilab-91, daman-98, dera-98 and punjab-96 at gomal university, dera ismail khan (nwfp), pakistan during 2000 approximatey 2001. the experiment was laid out in split plot design having four replications using a net plot size of 2 m x 5 m. nitrogen doses used were 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha. the results showed that different nitrogen levels had significant ef ...200616365929
identification of glu-b1-1 as a candidate gene for the quantity of high-molecular-weight glutenin in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by means of an association study.a previous study in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) identified two candidate genes controlling a quantitative trait locus (qtl) for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) glubx. these candidates were glu-b1-1, the structural gene coding for glu1bx, and the b homoeologous gene coding for spa (spa-b), a seed storage protein activator. the goal of this study was to identify the best candidate gene for this qtl. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are an abundant source of dna polymorphisms ...200616362275
growth and cell wall properties of two wheat cultivars differing in their sensitivity to aluminum stress.the present study was conducted to investigate the cell wall properties in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars differing in their sensitivity to al stress. seedlings of al-resistant, inia66 and al-sensitive, kalyansona cultivars were grown in complete nutrient solutions for 4 days and then subjected to treatment solutions containing al (0, 50 microm) in a 0.5 mm cacl(2) solution at ph 4.5 for 24 h. root elongation was inhibited greatly by the al treatment in the al-sensitive cultivar comp ...200616360802
molecular and biochemical characterization of puroindoline a and b alleles in chinese landraces and historical cultivars.kernel hardness that is conditioned by puroindoline genes has a profound effect on milling, baking and end-use quality of bread wheat. in this study, 219 landraces and 166 historical cultivars from china and 12 introduced wheats were investigated for their kernel hardness and puroindoline alleles, using molecular and biochemical markers. the results indicated that frequencies of soft, mixed and hard genotypes were 42.7, 24.3, and 33.0%, respectively, in chinese landraces and 45.2, 13.9, and 40.9 ...200616344983
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