Publications

[activation of the mauthner cell by direct stimulation on vagus nerve in crucian carp].	to investigate the influence of the vagus nerve on the electrophysiological properties in the mauthner cell soma and the relationship between soma and viscus.	2002	21180078
recombinant fish parvalbumins: candidates for diagnosis and treatment of fish allergy.	fish and fish products represent one of the most important causes of ige-mediated food hypersensitivity. in sensitized individuals contact with and consumption of fish can lead to severe health problems, ranging from urticaria and dermatitis to angiedema, diarrhoea, asthma and, at worst, systemic anaphylactic reactions and death. parvalbumin, a small calcium-binding protein present in the muscles of vertebrates, was identified as the major fish allergen. we describe the isolation and characteriz ...	2002	12144564
inhibition of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity in fish from waters affected by lead smelters.	we assessed the effects on fish of lead (pb) released to streams by smelters located in trail, bc (canada), e. helena, mt, herculaneum, mo, and glover, mo. fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. blood from each fish was analyzed for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity and hemoglobin (hb), and samples of blood, liver, or carcass were analyzed for pb, zinc (zn), or both. fish collected downstream of all four smelt ...	2002	12139078
sex steroids and their involvement in the cortisol-induced inhibition of pubertal development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the onset and regulation of puberty is determined by functional development of the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis. sex steroids produced in the gonads play an important role in the onset of puberty. stress interferes with reproduction and the functioning of the bpg axis, and cortisol has frequently been indicated as a major factor mediating the suppressive effect of stress on reproduction. prolonged elevated cortisol levels, implicated in stress adaptation, inhibited pubertal development in ma ...	2002	12135883
dopamine and nitric oxide control both flickering and steady-light-induced cone contraction and horizontal cell spinule formation in the teleost (carp) retina: serial interaction of dopamine and nitric oxide.	adaptation to ambient light, which is an important characteristic of the vertebrate visual system, involves cellular and subcellular (synaptic) plasticity of the retina. the present study investigated dopamine (da) and nitric oxide (no) as possible neurochemical modulators controlling cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinules in relation to steady and flickering light adaptation in the carp retina. haloperidol (hal; a nonspecific da receptor blocker) or cptio (a no ...	2002	12115683
thermal plasticity of skeletal muscle phenotype in ectothermic vertebrates and its significance for locomotory behaviour.	seasonal cooling can modify the thermal preferenda of ectothermic vertebrates and elicit a variety of physiological responses ranging from winter dormancy to an acclimation response that partially compensates for the effects of low temperature on activity. partial compensation of activity levels is particularly common in aquatic species for which seasonal temperature changes provide a stable cue for initiating the response. thermal plasticity of locomotory performance has evolved independently o ...	2002	12110664
gene structure of the carp fish ribosomal protein l41: seasonally regulated expression.	the seasonal acclimatization of the carp fish demands physiological compensatory responses. the process involves profound nucleolar adjustments and remarkable changes in rrna synthesis, which affect ribosomal biogenesis. we have documented that protein kinase ck2, whose activity is related to ribosomal protein l41 and the regulation of rrna synthesis, was expressed in notably higher amounts in summer-acclimatized carp compared to the cold-season adapted fish. thus, we approached the study of the ...	2002	12099677
carp erythrocyte lipids as a potential target for the toxic action of zinc ions.	the effects of zinc on the lipid components of carp erythrocytes (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied on red blood cells exposed to znso4 (0.01-1 mm) for 20 h. the temperatures of the incubation medium were 5 and 20 degrees c for carp collected in winter and summer, respectively. it was observed that increase in the concentration of metal ions in the medium led to significant changes in the content of the main phospholipid classes. zinc induced the reduction of phosphatidylcholine as well as the in ...	2002	12084620
role of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in protecting fish from viral infections.	we report the in vivo role of specific cytotoxic cells in protecting fish from acute viral infections. specifically, we found that (1) there is an inverse relationship between cytotoxic activities and viral load and (2) adoptive transfer of immune leukocytes prevented viral infection. crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv), which has a virulence to ginbuna crucian carp, was recently found and identified in japan. specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of ginbuna leukocytes against chnv-in ...	2002	12083842
alterations in retinoids, tocopherol, and microsomal enzyme activities in the liver of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from ya-er lake, china.		2002	12068931
bioconcentration and depuration of pyribenzoxim in common carp (cyprinus carpio).		2002	12068925
acute lethal toxicity of environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms.	the acute lethal toxicity of environment pollutants including chlorophenol, haloalkane, quinone, and substituted nitrobenzene (i.e., nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, and aniline) compounds to aquatic organisms was determined. determination of toxicity of chemicals was performed with chlorella, daphnia, carp, and tilapia. the toxicity of chlorophenols had no relation to the number of chlorine atoms on the benzene ring, but monochlorophenol had lower activity than more chlorine-substituted ...	2002	12061826
carp is a novel caspase recruitment domain containing pro-apoptotic protein.	many card-containing caspase mediators interact with card-containing caspases and participate in activation or suppression of caspases. we cloned a novel card-containing protein from our est database, named carp. computational characterization revealed that carp encoded 445 amino acids with predicted mw 49.7 kda, localized at chromosome 10p13 with 15 exons, and four putative function domains, one card domain (aa 160-243), one nuclear receptor-binding motif, two ef-hand motifs, and 42% alpha-heli ...	2002	12054670
organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the mississippi river basin, 1995.	fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 national contaminant biomonitoring program (ncbp) stations and 13 national water quality assessment program (nawqa) stations in the mississippi river basin (mrb) and in late 1996 from a reference site in west virginia. four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) or black bass (micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatograp ...	2002	12045878
metal speciation dynamics and bioavailability: zn(ii) and cd(ii) uptake by mussel (mytilus edulis) and carp (cyprinus carpio).	in the analysis of metal biouptake from complexing environments, both chemical speciation and biological uptake characteristics have to be taken into account. the commonly used free ion activity model is based on equilibrium speciation and implies that diffusion of the bioactive free metal toward the organism is not rate-limiting. in the presence of complexes, however, sufficiently labile species might contribute to the biouptake via preceding dissociation. coupling of the ensuing diffusional ma ...	2002	12038825
characterization of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in the common carp.	two or three isotypes of immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain have been demonstrated in several teleost species thus far. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy was used with the aim of isolating cdna clones encoding igl chain from the common carp ( cyprinus carpio. l.) different from the previously isolated isotype, designated l1a. cdna clones representing two novel isotypes, designated l1b and l3, were obtained in this study. for cl segments, l1b sequences were simi ...	2002	12037604
effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone secretion and gene expression in common carp pituitary.	using radioimmuno- and ribonuclease protection assays, we examined the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on the growth hormone mrna level and growth hormone secretion in common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary fragments with static incubation. after a 24 h treatment, sgnrh ([trp(7),leu(8)]-lhrh) and sgnrh-a ([d-arg(6),pro(9)]-lhrh) (0.1 nm-1 microm) elevated the gh mrna level and stimulated the gh secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with a higher potency for sgnrh-a. in ...	2002	12031458
molecular cloning of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary dna: mrna expression in 17beta-estradiol- and nonylphenol-treated fish.	a complementary dna (cdna) encoding the eggshell zona radiata protein (rbtzr: af407574) has been cloned from the liver of estradiol-17beta (e(2))-treated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a set of degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved cysteine-rich region of the zona radiata protein gene from salmon, winter flounder, medaka and carp were used for the initial rt-pcr. the resulting pcr product was cloned, sequenced and ...	2002	12031456
diversity of complement factor b/c2 in the common carp (cyprinus carpio): three isotypes of b/c2-a expressed in different tissues.	complement factor b and c2 are two critical proteases for complement activation. some bony fish have been reported to possess duplicated genes for b/c2, but there is no direct evidence regarding possible functional divergence. here, we report the isolation of the second and third isotypes of carp b/c2-a, a close relative of other bony fish b reported to date, and designated b/c2-a2 and b/c2-a3. b/c2-a1 (previously reported b/c2-a) and b/c2-a2 share 78% amino acid identity and are synthesized mai ...	2002	12031413
immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in the brain of the tiger frog, rana tigrina.	using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), we found more extensive brain distribution of ghrh-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the tiger frog, rana tigrina, than reported in previous studies, which employed mammalian ghrh antibodies. in the telencephalon, ghrh-ir perikarya were present in the pallium dorsale, pallium laterale (pars dorsalis and pars ventralis), pallium mediale, nucleus entopeduncularis, amygdala pars medialis, and in the ventral portion of ...	2002	12030776
a homolog of mammalian prl-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of prl release in teleost fish.	two prl-releasing peptides (prrp20 and prrp31) were recently identified from mammalian hypothalamus by an orphan receptor strategy, and a c-terminal rf (arginyl-phenylalamyl-) amide peptide (rfa), structurally related to mammalian prrp, was also identified from the brain of the japanese crucian carp (c-rfa) by an intestine-contracting assay. however, to date there have been no reported studies that have examined the prl-releasing effects of rfa in fish. in the present study we determined the cdn ...	2002	12021171
the nuclear export signal (nes) found in the amino-terminal region of carp mek1 and mkk6 is lacking in carp mkk4.	carp mkk4 (cmkk4) cdna was isolated from an ovary cdna library. cmkk4 mrna was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues of adult carp. sequence analysis revealed that cmkk4 lacks a nuclear export signal sequence, unlike mammalian and frog meks (erk activator) and cmkk6 (carp p38 activator), where it plays an important role in anchoring these map kinase activators to the cytoplasm. cmkk4 protein was found to be diffused throughout the cell, whereas cmek1 and cmkk6 proteins were seen exclusivel ...	2002	12020830
production of short-chain fatty acids and gas from various oligosaccharides by gut microbes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in micro-scale batch culture.	we studied the metabolism of various oligosaccharides by carp (cyprinus carpio) hindgut microbes by measuring gas productivity and organic acid production in gut contents using a 50-microl-scale batch culture system. carp hindgut contents were incubated with 500 microg each of raffinose, lactosucrose, kestose, lactulose, gentiobiose, 4'-galactosyllactose and 6'-galactosyllactose and soybean-, xylo-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides or none (blank culture) at 25 degrees c for 6 h. the time-course of ...	2002	12020649
acute immunotoxicity of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		2002	12012056
bioavailability of waterborne strontium to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in complexing environments.	the uptake of strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the presence of the complexing ligands, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). the uptake rates were measured in the whole body, gills, and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h. the uptake rates were determined by using the radiotracers (85)sr and (45)ca, and analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca i ...	2002	12007876
the alarm reaction in crucian carp is mediated by olfactory neurons with long dendrites.	in the present study, we applied a lipophilic tracer, dil (1,1-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), to the synaptic region of the medial olfactory bulb in formaldehyde-fixed preparations from the crucian carp. we observed staining both in the axons of secondary neurons leading to the brain and in the olfactory receptor neurons (orns) of the olfactory epithelium. in those preparations, where staining of the tract was restricted to axons of the medial part of the medial o ...	2002	12006379
gonadotropin response to gnrh during sexual ontogeny in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this study was designed to reveal whether gonadotropic response to gnrh in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) changes during sexual ontogeny and whether the response of fshbeta and lhbeta subunits is uniform or differential. the study comprised fish at the following stages: juveniles (4-month-old females with primary oocytes and early spermatogenic males); maturing (9-month-old previtellogenic females and advanced spermatogenic males); and mature (16-month-old postvitellogenic females and spermia ...	2002	11997206
effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol on plasma sex steroid and vitellogenin concentrations in sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio).	4-nonylphenol (np) has been shown to elicit estrogenic responses both in vivo and in vitro. the mechanism by which np exerts estrogenic and other endocrine-modulating effects in vivo remains unclear, however. the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of np to elicit estrogenic responses through indirect mechanisms of action involving the modulation of endogenous steroid hormone concentrations. sexually mature male common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to aqueous np concentrations r ...	2002	11996132
synthetic musks in the environment. part 2: enantioselective transformation of the polycyclic musk fragrances hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii in freshwater fish.	a method for the enantioselective separation of the chiral polycyclic musks hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii is presented. eighteen fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and one pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant were investigated with regard to their concentrations and the enantiomeric ratios (ers) of polycyclic musks. in addition, three water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant, as well as two water samples and two series of semiperme ...	2002	11994786
synthetic musks in the environment. part 1: species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels.	bioaccumulation of polycyclic musks (hhcb, ahtn) and nitro musks (musk xylene, musk ketone, and their amino metabolites) in aquatic biota was investigated by analyzing 18 fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and 1 pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant. furthermore, water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant as well as water samples and two series of semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) from the pond were included. this comprehensiv ...	2002	11994785
in vivo and in vitro modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) phagocyte oxidative burst activity by gallium.	since gallium is a metal ion used in semiconductor industry, the toxicological effects were previously evaluated in mammals but the ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. in term of ecotoxicological risk assessment, the median lethal concentration (lc50 for 96 h of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the oxidative response of carp phagocytes after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of gallium were determined. the lc50 of gallium on c. carpio at 96 h was estimated as 96.25 +/- 14.3 ...	2002	11991633
the effects of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on plasma lh levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	naltrexone-an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally to sexually mature male and female common carp in the prespawning period, in order to investigate its effects on spontaneous or sgnrh-a-stimulated lh secretion. naltrexone and sgnrh-a were injected at the same time. the possible involvement of a dopaminergic system in this process was studied in males pre-treated with pimozide (a dopamine receptor antagonist) 12 h before naltrexone and/or sgnrh-a administration. blood s ...	2002	11976056
carp ovarian cystatin binds and agglutinates spermatozoa via electrostatic interaction.	a sperm-agglutinating factor was purified from ovulated carp eggs and the conditioned medium (cm) of cortical-reacted eggs. it was identified to be the carp ovarian cystatin. three cystatin isoforms were found. the cystatin isolated from the cm had a higher sperm-agglutinating activity than that isolated from eggs, although the cystatins have identical n-terminal amino acid sequences, masses, and positive charges. differences in sperm-agglutinating activity between the cystatins of the cm and eg ...	2002	11967193
cloning and sequences of beta-actin genes from rhodeus notatus and the silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix (cyprinidae) and the phylogeny of cyprinid fishes inferred from beta-actin genes.	complete beta-actin genes from rhodeus notatus and hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into pcrii vector for further characterization. the beta-actin genes of these two fishes were 1718 and 1755 bp in sequence length, respectively, and both of them contained 5 exons and 4 introns. the exon and intron boundaries were identified with the gt/ag rule. the phylogenetic implications of beta-actin gene in the family cyprinidae were shortly di ...	2002	12391726
gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression is decreased by dietary carbohydrates in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gilthead seabream (sparus aurata).	our objective is to understand the low metabolic utilization of dietary carbohydrates in fish. we compared the regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes at a molecular level in two fish species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), known to be relatively tolerant to dietary carbohydrates. after cloning of partial cdna sequences for three key gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), fructose biphosphatase (fbpase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( ...	2002	12401217
[ph of the gill micro-environment of cyprinus carpio and its effect on the desorption of adsorbed cu].	ph and co2 content differences between fish(cyprinus carpio) gills micro-environment and the ambient environment were investigated using the technique developed by playle. the effect of the ph change on elutriation of copper sorbed on gibbsite was also studied in view of possible desorption of the metal within the gill micro-environment. it was found that there was no ph difference around ph 8.0 and 0.2-0.4 unit difference was observed between the gills' inspired and the expired water when the a ...	2002	11962309
effects of primary exposure to environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	vitellogenin (vtg) is a precursor of the yolk proteins lipovitelline and phosvitin and is synthesized as a consequence of estrogen-dependent gene expression in female and male hepatocytes of egg-laying vertebrates. freshly isolated carp hepatocytes of a genetically uniform strain of adult male carp (cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of primary exposure to estrogenic compounds on the vitellogenic response to xenoestrogens. isolated carp hepatocytes were first exposed (primary ...	2002	11961218
speciation and bioavailability of edta complexed copper in the microenvironment of fish gills.	carp were exposed to a synthetic solution with varied concentrations of cu-edta and constant levels of other copper species and the amount of copper accumulated in the fish gills was measured. the distributions of copper species in both the bulk solution and the fish gill microenvironment were modeled using minteqa2. under experimental conditions without edta, cu(oh)2 was the most dominant species in the bulk solution while cu-mucus dominated the gill microenvironment. when cu-edta was added to ...	2002	11929072
influence of hyperosmotic shrinkage and beta-adrenergic stimulation on red blood cell volume regulation and oxygen binding properties in rainbow trout and carp.	whole blood from rainbow trout and carp was subjected to hyperosmotic shock and subsequent beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline) at different oxygen tension ( po(2)) and carbon dioxide tension ( pco(2)) levels with the aim to evaluate changes in red blood cell (rbc) volume, ph and ion concentrations and their ultimate effect on blood o(2) transport characteristics. hyperosmolality (addition of nacl) induced rbc shrinkage, which was followed by a regulatory volume increase (rvi) that was lar ...	2002	11919706
cardiorespiratory responses of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) to severe hypoxia at three acclimation temperatures.	in vivo measurements of the cardiovascular responses of anoxia-tolerant teleosts to severe prolonged hypoxia are limited. here, we report the first direct measurements of cardiac output (q), heart rate (f(h)) and stroke volume during prolonged severe hypoxia (<0.3 mg o(2) l(-1)) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) that had been acclimated to 6, 10 and 15 degrees c. while routine q and f(h) values varied with temperature under normoxic conditions (q(10) values of 1.7 and 2.6, respectively), sever ...	2002	11914384
seasonal short-term effects of naltrexone on lh secretion in male carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in order to evaluate the influence of the season (the stage of gonad maturity) on the modulatory role of endogenous opioid peptides in lh secretion in fish, sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were intravenously injected with naltrexone-opioid receptor antagonist (5 or 50 microg kg(-1)) in the period of natural spawning (june) or gonad recrudescence (december). moreover, the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system was studied in fish pre-treated with pimozide (dopamine recepto ...	2002	11912062
effect of tributyltin on adenylate content and enzyme activities of teleost sperm: a biochemical approach to study the mechanisms of toxicant reduced spermatozoa motility.	the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on the energy metabolism and motility of fish spermatozoa were investigated in vitro in african catfish and common carp. a significant (p<0.05) decrease of the duration and the intensity of motility was observed in catfish spermatozoa exposed to 0.27 microg/l tbt for 24 h. exposure of catfish spermatozoa to 2.7-27 microg/l tbt caused an instant decrease in atp content. in the presence of 27 microg/l tbt approximately 55% of the initial atp concentration in catfis ...	2002	11912058
selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in california.	selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. however, total waterborne se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for reg ...	2002	11879939
solution structures of a 30-residue amino-terminal domain of the carp granulin-1 protein and its amino-terminally truncated 3-30 subfragment: implications for the conformational stability of the stack of two beta-hairpins.	carp granulins are members of an emerging class of proteins with a sequence motif encoding a parallel stack of two to four beta-hairpins. the carp granulin-1 protein forms a stack of four beta-hairpins, whereas its amino-terminal fragment appears to adopt a very stable stack of two beta-hairpins in solution. here we determined a refined three-dimensional structure of this peptide fragment to examine potential conformational changes compared with the full-length protein. the structures were calcu ...	2002	11870861
the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on macrophage respiratory burst and biotransformation activities in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the sensitivity of phagocytic cell function as a bioindicator of pollution stress by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). the time course response of the head-kidney macrophage respiratory burst was measured 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of a prototypical cyp 1a inducer (3-methylcholanthrene). this immune activity was compared to the rate of induction of total cytochrome p450, ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity (erod) a ...	2002	11866128
detection of cytogenetic alterations and blood cell changes in natural populations of carp.	a field study was conducted to investigate the appearance of alterations in the peripheral blood cells of wild populations of fish. two aspects were evaluated: the appearance of cytogenetic effects, measured as increases on micronuclei frequencies, and the appearance of haematological effects by checking changes in the relative proportion of the different blood cell types. for this purpose common carp (cyprinus carpio) were caught from four areas along a spanish river. three areas were located u ...	2002	11895014
hematological effects of high dose of cortisol on the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): cortisol effect on the carp blood.	the level of circulating cortisol and peripheral blood parameters were determined in carp age 2 years (k(2)) 24, 72, and 216 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose (200 mg x kg(-1) body wt) of hydrocortisone. the most striking effect of cortisol was manifest as a significant change in the percentage composition of leukocytes, whose number per unit volume of blood remained relatively constant. a profound lymphopenia and eosinopenia were compensated for in the general balance by ...	2002	11884063
copper speciation and accumulation in the gill microenvironment of carp ( cyprinus carpio) in the presence of kaolin particles.	carp were exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin particles at various concentrations (0-2.4 mg/l), and net accumulation due to elevated adsorbed copper in the surrounding water was observed. copper speciation in the water and fish gill microenvironment was modeled in the presence and absence of kaolin using a chemical speciation program (minteqa2). the adsorption affinity constants of kaolin for copper at various ph values used in the speciation calculations were experimentally determined, and the ...	2002	11910461
activation of carp leukocytes by a galactose-binding protein from aphanomyces piscicida.	this study demonstrated that a galactose-binding protein (gbp) produced by a fish pathogenic water mold, aphanomyces piscicida, activates carp leukocytes. leukocytes were separated from the head kidney and peripheral blood using percoll density centrifugation. a flow cytometric analysis revealed that gbp binds with many cells and a variety of cell types including lymphocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. intracellular calcium flux of the peripheral blood leukocytes induced by stimulation with ...	2002	11906725
stress response to waterborne cu during early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio.	following in vitro fertilization, eggs/embryos and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 0 (control), 0.3 or 0.8 micromol.l(-1) cu in artificially prepared fresh water for 168 h. the total amounts of cu, na, ca, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and cortisol were measured in homogenates of eggs (up to 60 h post fertilization, hpf), isolated embryos (between 60 hpf and hatching) and free-swimming larvae. only in embryos of e ...	2002	11792433
on the interaction between voltage-gated conductances and ca(2+) regulation mechanisms in retinal horizontal cells.	the horizontal cell is a second-order retinal neuron that is depolarized in the dark and responds to light with graded potential changes. in such a nonspiking neuron, not only the voltage-gated ionic conductances but also ca(2+) regulation mechanisms, e.g., the na(+)/ca(2+) exchange and the ca(2+) pump, are considered to play important roles in generating the voltage responses. to elucidate how these physiological mechanisms interact and contribute to generating the responses of the horizontal c ...	2002	11784740
a novel isoform of vertebrate ancient opsin in a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis.	vertebrate ancient (va) opsin of nonvisual pigment in fishes was reported to exist in two isoforms, i.e., short and long variants with an unusual predicted amino acid sequence length compared to vertebrate visual opsins. here we cloned an isoform (pal-vam) of va opsin showing the usual opsin length in addition to the long type isoform (pal-val) from a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis. pal-vam and pal-val were composed of 346 and 387 amino acids, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences o ...	2002	11779166
a metabotropic glutamate receptor regulates transmitter release from cone presynaptic terminals in carp retinal slices.	the role of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) in photoreceptor-h1 horizontal cell (hc) synaptic transmission was investigated by analyzing the rate of occurrence and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) in h1 hcs uncoupled by dopamine in carp retinal slices. red light steps or the application of 100 microm cobalt reduced the sepsc rate without affecting their peak amplitude, which is consistent with hyperpolarization or the suppression of ca(2+) en ...	2002	11773238
effects of iron sulfate dosage on the water flea (daphnia magna straus) and early development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	adult water fleas, daphnia magna straus, and the early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio l., were exposed to river water near an iron sulfate dosage installation to determine the effects of phosphate precipitation with iron(ii)sulfate. tests were conducted during two consecutive dosage periods of 3,000 and 5,000 kg/day iron sulfate (520 and 620 microg/l total fe respectively) at the dosage site and at a reference site (60 microg/l total fe) further downstream. though survival remained unaffec ...	2002	11815809
role of neck region in the thermal aggregation of myosin.	carp dorsal myosin formed oligomers that retained atpase activity upon heating. cleavage of the oligomeric myosin at subfragment-1 (s-1)/rod junction released monomeric s-1 and rod, indicating that atpase retaining myosin associated near the s-1/rod junction. the digest also contained rod oligomers. heating a mixture of s-1 and rod generated neither atpase retaining s-1 oligomers nor rod oligomers. electron microscopic observation of the heated myosin revealed that some oligomers were formed by ...	2002	11754567
corticosteroids affect the testicular androgen production in male common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	our previous experiments to study the effect of stress adaptation on pubertal development in carp showed that repeated temperature stress and prolonged feeding with cortisol-containing food pellets, which mimics the endocrine stress effects, retarded the first waves of spermatogenesis and decreased 11-ketotestosterone (11kt) plasma levels. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the decrease in plasma 11kt is caused by a direct effect of cortisol on the steroid-producing ca ...	2002	11751271
analysis of expressed sequence tags (est) obtained from common carp, cyprinus carpio l., head kidney cells after stimulation by two mitogens, lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin-a.	a representative cdna library from mrna obtained from lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin-a-induced head kidney cells of carp, cyprinus carpio, was constructed. two hundred single pass and partially sequenced clones (au183343 to au183542) were generated from expressed sequence tags (ests) and these were searched for homology in the ddbj/genbank with blastn and blastx programs. clones matching known genes were classified according to their function and distribution. one hundred and twenty-nine ge ...	2002	11742760
effect of temperature on dietary vitamin c requirement and lipid in common carp.	we investigated the effect of temperature on the requirement of vitamin c in common carp. small carp (0.70 g) was separately cultured at 25 and 35 degrees c, respectively, and fed diet with or without supplement of 2000 ppm vitamin c. the fish increased weight gain and had smaller feed conversion rate at 25 degrees c than at 35 degrees c, with vitamin c-supplement and subsequently, without vitamin c-supplement. the level of vitamin c in the hepatopancreas and muscle, the ratio of hydroxyproline/ ...	2002	11742752
cytotoxic t cell function in fish.	fish possess immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex (mhc), t-cell receptors, and lymphocyte populations analogous to b and t cells and can evoke specific immune responses against a variety of antigens. however, t-cell subsets have yet to be demonstrated and the information on cell-mediated immunity is limited. here we briefly review our recent studies on specific cell-mediated immunity, particularly on cytotoxic t-cell function employing isogeneic fish and cell lines. analyses of the ...	2002	11696378
survival of f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) containing prsvrtgh1 complementary dna when subjected to low dissolved oxygen.	the survival and tolerance of f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) containing prsvrtgh1 complementary dna were compared with nontransgenic (control) common carp when subjected to low dissolved oxygen. the tolerance of low oxygen was evaluated in 8 families of common carp in rectangular tanks (3 x 1 x 1 m). the absolute mean percentage of survival of transgenic common carp subjected to low oxygen (0.4 mg/l) was higher (p <0.05) than that of control carp in 2 of the 8 families of common car ...	2002	14961265
functional analysis of the proximal promoter regions of fish rhodopsin and myf-5 genes using transgenesis.	little is known about the cis-acting elements controlling transcriptional activities of fish rhodopsin and myf-5 genes. transgenic medaka and zebrafish were used to characterize promoters of carp (cyprinus carpio) rhodopsin gene (crh) and zebrafish (danio rerio) myf-5 gene (myf-5), respectively. transgenic medaka carrying different lengths of crh upstream fragments fused with enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) gene revealed several functional regions. both upstream regions from -1261 to ...	2002	14961258
effect of rainbow trout growth hormone complementary dna on body shape, carcass yield, and carcass composition of f1 and f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the effect of rainbow trout growth hormone complementary dna on body shape, dress-out yield, and body composition were assessed in the f1 and f2 generations of transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio). all measurements were compared with those for nontransgenic full-sibling common carp in their respective families, and the fish were communally evaluated in earthen ponds. the body weight and length were highly correlated (p <0.01) in both genotypes in all the families. head morphometrics were neg ...	2002	14961235
[endurance ability of transgenic common carp under different environmental conditions].	this paper dealt with the endurance ability of transgenic common carp f3, and common carp under different environmental factors such as temperature, alkaline, and ph value. the results showed that there was no obvious difference of endurance abilities between transgenic common carp and common carp under the different environmental factors.	2002	12682991
haematology and some blood chemical parameters of young carp till the age of three years.	haematological and biochemical analyses of blood were performed in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) kept in small ponds. caught and anaesthetised carp were clinically examined and blood samples were taken at regular intervals during the three years. in the first year of examinations, the haemoglobin and haematocrit values of carp fry significantly increased (p < 0.01) from june to september. the intensive growth of carp in the summer period in the second year was accompanied by adequate erythropoiesis. ...	2002	12498150
suppression by zinc of transient off responses of carp amacrine cells to red light is mediated by gaba(a) receptors.	modulation by zn(2+) of on and off responses of transient amacrine cells driven by red- and green-sensitive cones was investigated in isolated, superfused carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. zn(2+) selectively abolished the off response to red flash of the transient amacrine cells. this zn(2+) effect was mimicked by gaba application and was blocked by bicuculline, indicating the involvement of gaba(a) receptors. such differential modulation was observable neither in bipolar ce ...	2002	12468048
purification of two types of gonadotropin receptors from carp ovarian follicles: overlapping recognition by two different ligands.	teleostean gonadotropin receptors were solubilized from the plasma membrane preparation of carp ovarian follicles by lithium diiodosalicylate and triton x-100. solubilization resulted fourfold increase in gth binding activity as compared to the crude plasma membrane preparation. an addition of 25% glycerol and protease inhibitors to the solubilized receptor retained more than 90% original activity at -20 degrees c for 30 days. gel filtration through sephadex g 100 significantly increased the spe ...	2002	12460599
a new method for fish leucocyte counting and partial differentiation by flow cytometry.	a simple and rapid method for analysis of fish blood cells is presented. carp (cyprinus carpio) blood was diluted 200 times with hanks' solution containing 1 microg/ml of dioc6(3) which is a fluorescent, lipophilic dye. after staining for 10 min, the blood cells were measured by a flow cytometer (facs). several blood cell populations were identified by different fl-1 (green fluorescence), fsc (forward scatter), and ssc (side scatter) properties. fl-1 v. ssc or fsc v. ssc dot-plot of stained bloo ...	2002	12458744
regulation of growth hormone release in common carp pituitary cells by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: signal transduction involves camp- and calcium-dependent mechanisms.	pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a member of the glucagon/secretin peptide family and its molecular structure is highly conserved among vertebrates. in this study, the role of pacap in regulating growth hormone (gh) secretion in fish was examined in vitro using common carp pituitary cells under column perifusion. a dose-dependent increase in gh release was observed after exposing pituitary cells to increasing doses of ovine pacap38 (opacap38) and pacap27 (opacap27), ...	2002	12457043
different effects of low ca2+ on signal transmission from rods and cones to bipolar cells in carp retina.	modulation of signal transmission from rods, red-sensitive (r-) and green-sensitive (g-) cones to bipolar cells by lowering extracellular ca(2+) was studied in the isolated superfused carp retina using intracellular recording techniques. low ca(2+) (nominally ca(2+)-free) potentiated light responses of rod dominant on bipolar cells (rod-on-bcs). on the other hand, responses of cone dominant on bipolar cells (cone-on-bcs) driven by g-cones were dramatically decreased whereas those driven by r-con ...	2002	12443989
endocrine effects of sublethal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (pops) on silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix).	silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) samples were collected from five selected sites that represent diverse levels of downgraded persistent organic pollutants (pops) contamination in ya-er lake in october 1999. hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and udp glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) activities, hepatosomatic index (hsi), hepatic retinoids, serum thyroid hormones were measured. it was found that hepatic retinol and serum free 3,5,3'- tetraiodothyronine (ft3) significantly increase ...	2002	12442791
reproductive medicine in koi (cyprinus carpio).	each year more veterinarians are seeing ornamental fish patients and our knowledge of how to manage the pet fish patient is increasing at a rapid pace. a large percentage of these patients are nishikigoi (cyprinus carpio) which are taxonomically an ornamental carp. in this country and in many parts of the world we refer to these fish as koi. reproductive medicine problems are well documented in koi and a thorough knowledge of this subject will aid the fish practitioner in diagnosis and treatment ...	2002	12442718
the role of desaturases in cold-induced lipid restructuring.	all organisms respond to environmental challenge by adaptive responses, although, in many cases, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. in the case of membranes, the physical structure of membrane phospholipids is conserved in the face of cold, rigidifying conditions by the elevated proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. we have observed a clear positional specificity in this substitution and head group preferences in carp liver membranes. we have also demonstrated changes in t ...	2002	12440978
electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of lipid restructuring in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during cold acclimation.	cold acclimation of carp from 30 degrees c to 10 degrees c causes a restructuring of liver microsomal phospholipids characterised by increased proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid in phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). here, we have used electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (esi-ms) to determine the patterns of alteration to individual molecular species compositions of pc, pe and phosphatidylinositol (pi) in response to gradually decreasing temperature. the resu ...	2002	12432020
stress adaptation, cortisol and pubertal development in the male common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this paper reviews a series of recent studies on the effect of adaptation to chronic stress on pubertal development in the common carp. in pre-pubertal male common carp adaptation to temperature stress caused a retardation of testicular development. stress-induced delay of the first wave of spermatogenesis could be prevented by treatment with a cortisol antagonist, indicating that the stress effect is mediated by cortisol. chronically elevated cortisol levels affected all parts of the brain-pitu ...	2002	12431803
comparisons of pbde composition and concentration in fish collected from the detroit river, mi and des plaines river, il.	polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were identified in fish collected from the detroit river, mi and des plaines rivers, il. in the detroit river fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo (bde-47) congener, however, in des plaines river carp the dominant isomers were the heptabromo congeners bde-181 and bde-183 and lesser amounts of another heptabromo congener, bde-190, and two hexabromo congeners, bde-154 and bde-153. three possible sou ...	2002	12431009
nitric oxide controls the light adaptive chromatic difference in receptive field size of h1 horizontal cell network in carp retina.	in carp retina, the receptive field size of the h1-type horizontal cell (hc) network is known to be chromatically selective, as electrophysiological signals are generated by short-wavelength (sw) light stimuli, which spread much less than those for long-wavelength (lw). we have shown previously that the signalling mechanism underlying this chromatic difference operates only in the light-adapted retina and that it involves cgmp as an intermediary messenger. in the present study, the possible role ...	2002	12428137
myosin heavy chain expression in cranial, pectoral fin, and tail muscle regions of zebrafish embryos.	to investigate whether different myosin heavy chain (mhc) isoforms may constitute myofibrils in the trunk and tail musculature and if their respective expression may be regulated by spadetail (spt) and no tail (brachyury), we identified and characterized mrna expression patterns of an embryonic- and tail muscle-specific mhc gene (named myhz2) during zebrafish development in wild type, spt, and ntl mutant embryos. the identified myhz2 mhc gene encodes a polypeptide containing 1,935 amino acids. d ...	2002	12412043
nasda aquatic animal experiment facilities for space shuttle and iss.	national space development agency of japan (nasda) has developed aquatic animal experiment facilities for nasa space shuttle use. vestibular function experiment unit (vfeu) was firstly designed and developed for physiological research using carp in spacelab-j (sl-j, sts-47) mission. it was modified as aquatic animal experiment unit (aaeu) to accommodate small aquatic animals, such as medaka and newt, for second international microgravity laboratory (iml-2, sts-65) mission. then, vfeu was improve ...	2002	12530375
effect of a non-hormonal feed additive, cholymbi on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activity of common carp, cyprinus carpio.	supplementation of pelleted feeds (30% crude protein) consisting of practical ingredients with 250, 375 and 500 mg cholymbi/kg diet resulted significantly improved the growth of common carp, cyprinus carpio. highest final average weight was recorded with diet containing 500 mg cholymbi/kg. feeding cholymbi to fish showed increased carcass protein and fat. gut protease and hepatopancreas amylase activity were the highest with 500 mg cholymbi/kg incorporated diet (t3). the results of the present s ...	2002	12635714
[studies of the projection for carpometacarpal joint of the thumb that considered patient burden].	the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the most important in manual exercise function. robert method is used for the projection for carp metacarpal joint of the thumb broadly. but, the physique is difficult when there is a pain to a person of advanced age and an upper drumstick in robert method. so, we devised the photography method that reduced patient burden. comparison examined robert method and tokai method. detect ability is equal in both method. patient burden is reduced in tokai method ...	2002	12522347
evidence for presence of gaba-ergic receptor mediated dispersion in isolated scale melanophores of a carp, cirrhinus mrigala ham.	effects of gaba-ergic agonists and antagonists were examined on the melanophores of a carp c. mrigala in vitro. gaba and baclofen both induced concentration - related dispersion in fish melanophores. denervation of the melanophores by reserpine treatment potentiated the sensitivity of the melanophores to gaba. while denervation by cooling treatment inhibited the sensitivity of the melanophores to gaba, atropine, bicuculline and pentylenetetrazole all inhibited the dispersal responses of the mela ...	2002	12561974
responses of isolated scale melanophores of a fresh water carp, cirrhinus mrigala (ham.) to zidovudine.	zidovudine (azt) induced concentration related aggregation in c. mrigala melanophores. denervated melanophores failed to respond to azt. specific and nonspecific alpha adrenoceptor antagonists completely blocked the responses of fish melanophores to azt. histamine and prostaglandin antagonists also inhibited aggregation of the melanophores induced by azt. the results suggest that azt may release a mixture of neurotransmitter like substances, which cause the aggregation of this fish melanophores.	2002	12561973
impact of cadmium on food utilization of the indian major carp, catla catla (ham).	catla catla, under the sublethal stress of cadmium exhibited depletion in food utilization parameters and it was concentration dependent. heavy metal intoxication was found to exhibit reduction in biomass.	2002	12602860
the toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to the fish, catla catla (hamilton).	the acute toxicity of unionized ammonia; nitrite and nitrate to the indian major carp catla catla (hamilton) was determined using static and continuous flow through systems for 24 hours. the median lethal concentration (lc50) values for 24 h of ammonia (nh3-n), nitrite (no2-n) and nitrate (no3-n) were 0.045 mg/l, 120.84 mg/l and 1565.43 mg/l in static test respectively and were 0.036 mg/l, 117.43 mg/l and 1484.08 mg/l in continuous flow through test respectively.	2002	12602850
[genetic analysis on diversity of reproductive modes of silver crucian carp inferred by transferrin and isozyme markers].	silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been known for its gynogenetic reproduction. in this paper, eggs from clone f of gynogenetic silver crucian carp were inseminated respectively by sperms of clone d, clone a and common carp, and polymorphic patterns of transferrin and isozymes of the produced three offspring fd, fa and fl were studied comparatively to explore the diversity in reproductive modes of silver crucian carp. as control, zymograms of fl progenies exhibited a maternally ...	2002	15346982
reproduction mode of an artificial allotetraploid carp (pisces; cyprinidae).	mature eggs of allotetraploid carp were activated by inactive sperm or crossed with normal sperms of common carp (cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (carassius auratus), chinese blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), hemiculter leucisculus and pseudorasbora parva. chromosome counts showed that all offspring of these crosses presented a mode number of 200 chromosomes (4n = 200), and their morphological traits are much like maternal. microsatelite marker and rapd patterns between allotetraploid ...	2002	12627840
screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp.	a systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique. in this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (tbs) and heartbeat beginning stage (hbs) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). two ssh plasmid libraries specific for tbs embryos and hbs embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression ...	2002	12118939
toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus).		2002	12068927
fibroin-like substance is a major component of the outer layer of fertilization envelope via which carp egg adheres to the substratum.	seven cdna encoding silkworm fibroin homologues were cloned from a carp ovarian cdna library. the encoded proteins are denoted as carp ovarian fibroin-like substances (fls). fls contain a repetitive domain consisting of tandem repeats of dipeptide of gly-x, where x may be any amino acid. each fls has its own unique repeating sequence, such as gqgagqgs, gqgmgqgm, grgqgeghgs, and gfgfgqgs, indicating a family of fls genes exists in carp. fls is exclusively expressed in oocytes and is stored in cor ...	2002	12112605
specific binding of the endocytosis tracer horseradish peroxidase to intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-fabp) in apical membranes of carp enterocytes.	in a previous study we had demonstrated that a 15-kda protein present in carp intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmv) was able to bind the endocytosis tracer horseradish peroxidase (hrp) with high specificity. here we show that this protein corresponds to a peripheral membrane protein, identified by partial amino acid sequence analysis as the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-fabp), a member of the small cytosolic fatty acid binding protein family (fabps). the presence of i-fabp ...	2002	12410603
spectrophotometric determination of carp vitellogenin using a sequential injection analysis technique equipped with a jet ring cell.	a sequential injection analysis (sia) technique, in which antibody-immobilized microbeads were transferred to a jet ring (jr) cell, was used in determination of carp vitellogenin (vg). the determination is based on a sandwich immunoassay in which two types of reactions between anti carp vg antibodies and carp vg are used. namely, the antibody for the first reaction step was immobilized on microbeads (sephadex beads), and an antibody labeled with a horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was used in the sec ...	2002	18968848
a novel functional class i lineage in zebrafish (danio rerio), carp (cyprinus carpio), and large barbus (barbus intermedius) showing an unusual conservation of the peptide binding domains.	species from all major jawed vertebrate taxa possess linked polymorphic class i and ii genes located in an mhc. the bony fish are exceptional with class i and ii genes located on different linkage groups. zebrafish (danio rerio), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and barbus (barbus intermedius) represent highly divergent cyprinid genera. the genera danio and cyprinus diverged 50 million years ago, while cyprinus and barbus separated 30 million years ago. in this study, we report the first complete ...	2002	12165519
distribution of gfap immunoreactive structures in the rhombencephalon of the sterlet (acipenser ruthenus) and its evolutionary implication.	previous studies have revealed that although the brains of cypriniform teleosts (iberian barb, barbus comiza; carp, cyprinus carpio; goldfish, carassius auratus) are rich in glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), they have, however, areas devoid of gfap immunoreactivity. the largest ones of these are in the rhombencephalon, e.g., the zones of the sensory and motor neurons in the vagal lobe. our studies in amniotes suggested that the gfap immunonegative areas could be characteristic of the more ...	2002	12210122
production of transgenic silver sea bream (sparus sarba) by different gene transfer methods.	we have been interested in developing convenient mass gene transfer methods for producing strains of silver sea bream (sparus sarba) with superior genetic traits for aquaculture. a transgene construct carrying rainbow trout growth hormone (rtgh) complementary dna driven by a common carp b-actin promoter was introduced into silver sea bream by electroporating the sperm with the rtgh transgene and using the treated sperm to fertilize eggs stripped from mature females. the presence of the gh transg ...	2002	14961266
effects of aspartate and glutamate on the bipolar cells in the carp retina.		2002	166508
[effect of adrenaline, glucagon and insulin on glucose metabolism in carp: influence of temperature].	in carps living since 4 months at 6, 20 or 30 degrees c, epinephrine or glucagon injections produce increase in plasma glucose but affect only slightly liver glycogen: lower is the temperature, slower and longer are the effect. insulin injection induces more or less delayed hypoglycaemia according to temperature acclimatization; decrease in blood glucose is accompanied by a slight increase of glycogen in all tissues at 6 degrees c and on the contrary by a very strong depletion of this polysaccha ...	2002	126734
[postmortem changes and the anatomico-histologic structure of some organs of the carp].		2002	130762
[organoleptic and microbiological examination of suffocated carp stored under various conditions].	a process of dead market carp deterioration was studied in relation to conditions of the environment and the fish treatment by organoleptic and microbiological methods. a scheme is presented for fish assessment according to the symptoms of deterioration and the limits of carp storability under the given conditions of storing are determined. the results of the microbiological examination were not in keeping with the degree of deterioration of the fish.	2002	117603
comparative activities of glycogen phosphorylase and gamma-amylase in livers of carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus).	1. the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in goldfish liver is fivefold greater than that in carp liver, suggesting that the enzyme may not be as important in regulating glycogenolysis in the latter species. 2. the activity of gamma-amylase is comparable in carp and goldfish liver. 3. the activity of hepatic gamma-amylase is approximately one-half that of glycogen phosphorylase in carp whereas in goldfish, the activity of gamma-amylase is less than one-sixth that of phosphorylase. hepatic gamma- ...	2002	122584
[estimation of the allergenicity of specialized canned baby food made from fish, vegetables, and grains].	the influence of consumption of rations containing canned baby foods from mirror carp and black sea mullet on severity of system anaphylactic reaction to model food allergen in rats was studied and the level of antibodies to proteins of black sea mullet, mirror carp, alaska pollack, trout and big head was determined in serum of infants, suffering from food allergy through immune-enzyme analysis.	2002	12522951