Publications

domestication and crop physiology: roots of green-revolution wheat.	most plant scientists, in contrast to animal scientists, study only half the organism, namely above-ground stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and neglect below-ground roots. yet all acknowledge roots are important for anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and presumably components of yield. this paper investigates the relationship between domestication, and the root systems of landraces, and the parents of early, mid- and late green-revolution bread wheat cultivars. it compares the root system o ...	2007	17940075
complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes.	comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. first, the expansion of the ir at the ssc/ira boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5' end of ndhh is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily pooideae (agrostis, hordeum and triticum). second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhk is shared by agrosti ...	2007	17534593
occurrence of "mammalian" lignans in plant and water sources.	enterolignans, also called "mammalian" lignans because they are formed in the intestine of mammals after ingestion of plant lignans, were identified for the first time in extracts of four tree species, i.e., in knot heartwood of the hardwood species fagus sylvatica and in knot or stem heartwood of the softwood species araucaria angustifolia, picea smithiana, and abies cilicia. they were also identified for the first time in grain extracts of cultivated plants, i.e., in 15 cereal species, in 3 nu ...	2007	17497165
difference in glycohistochemical lectin staining of collagen fibers in the corpora cavernosa of normal and impotent men.	the objectives of this study were to investigate the value of glycohistochemical staining with three lectin types specific to a particular glycan structure (arachis hypogaea [pna], triticum vulgare [wga], and concanavalin a [con a]) as a method of defining possible changes in the collagen structure in the corpora cavernosa in potent and impotent men. the study group consisted of 4 normal potent men and 22 men with various etiologies of impotence. the quantitative histochemical measurements were ...	2007	8792209
a rhizosphere fungus enhances arabidopsis thermotolerance through production of an hsp90 inhibitor.	the molecular chaperone heat shock protein90 (hsp90) is essential for the maturation of key regulatory proteins in eukaryotes and for the response to temperature stress. earlier, we have reported that fungi living in association with plants of the sonoran desert produce small molecule inhibitors of mammalian hsp90. here, we address whether elaboration of the hsp90 inhibitor monocillin i (mon) by the rhizosphere fungus paraphaeosphaeria quadriseptata affects plant hsp90 and plant environmental re ...	2007	17631526
molecular cloning and characterization of crmdr1, a novel mdr-type abc transporter gene from catharanthus roseus.	a novel gene encoding a mdr-like abc transporter protein was cloned from catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant with more than 120 kinds of secondary metabolites, through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). this gene (named as crmdr1; genbank accession no.: dq660356) had a total length of 4395 bp with an open reading frame of 3801 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 137.1 kda. the crmdr1 protein shared 59.8, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity wi ...	2007	17541839
the della domain of ga insensitive mediates the interaction with the ga insensitive dwarf1a gibberellin receptor of arabidopsis.	gibberellic acid (ga) promotes seed germination, elongation growth, and flowering time in plants. ga responses are repressed by della proteins, which contain an n-terminal della domain essential for ga-dependent proteasomal degradation of della repressors. mutations of or within the della domain of della repressors have been described for species including arabidopsis thaliana, wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), and barley (hordeum vulgare), and we show that these mutations confer ga i ...	2007	17416730
analysis of remote asymmetric somatic hybrids between common wheat and arabidopsis thaliana.	callus-derived protoplasts of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. hesheng 3) irradiated with ultraviolet light were fused by using the peg method with cell suspension-derived protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana. regenerated calli and green plants resembling that of wheat were obtained. the hybrid nature of putative calli and plants were confirmed by isozyme, random amplified polymorphic dna and genomic in situ hybridization (gish) analyses. gish results indicated that 1 approximately 3 small ...	2007	17406873
an unusual posttranscriptional processing in two betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase loci of cereal crops directed by short, direct repeats in response to stress conditions.	various abilities to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (gb) are crucial for angiosperms to develop salt and drought tolerances. in higher plants, gb is synthesized by a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde, and catalyzed by choline monooxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh). in this study, numerous truncated and/or recombinant transcripts of two badh homologs resulting from an unusual posttranscriptional processing were detected in rice ...	2007	17337526
plant gene and alternatively spliced variant annotator. a plant genome annotation pipeline for rice gene and alternatively spliced variant identification with cross-species expressed sequence tag conservation from seven plant species.	the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) genome draft has brought unprecedented opportunities for genomic studies of the world's most important food crop. previous rice gene annotations have relied mainly on ab initio methods, which usually yield a high rate of false-positive predictions and give only limited information regarding alternative splicing in rice genes. comparative approaches based on expressed sequence tags (ests) can compensate for the drawbacks of ab initio methods because they ...	2007	17220363
arabidopsis-rice-wheat gene orthologues for na+ transport and transcript analysis in wheat-l. elongatum aneuploids under salt stress.	lophopyrum elongatum is a wild relative of wheat that provides a source of novel genes for improvement of the salt tolerance of bread wheat. improved na(+) 'exclusion' is associated with salt tolerance in a wheat-l. elongatum amphiploid, in which a large proportion (ca. 50%) of the improved regulation of leaf na(+) concentrations is controlled by chromosome 3e. in this study, genes that might control na(+) accumulation, such as for transporters responsible for na(+) entry (hkt1) and exit (sos1) ...	2007	17103227
non-destructive diffraction enhanced imaging of seeds.	techniques that make possible the non-destructive continuous observation of plant anatomy and developmental processes provide novel insights into these phenomena. non-destructive imaging of seeds was demonstrated using the synchrotron-based x-ray imaging technique, diffraction enhanced imaging (dei). the seed images obtained had good contrast and definition, allowing anatomical structures and physiological events to be observed. structures such as hypocotyl-root axes, cotyledons, seed coats, air ...	2007	17595197
gender-specific selection on codon usage in plant genomes.	currently, there is little data available regarding the role of gender-specific gene expression on synonymous codon usage (translational selection) in most organisms, and particularly plants. using gender-specific est libraries (with > 4000 ests) from zea mays and triticum aestivum, we assessed whether gender-specific gene expression per se and gender-specific gene expression level are associated with selection on codon usage.	2007	17567911
carboxylate composition of root exudates does not relate consistently to a crop species' ability to use phosphorus from aluminium, iron or calcium phosphate sources.	* the relationship between carboxylate release from roots and the ability of the species to utilize phosphorus from sparingly soluble forms was studied by comparing triticum aestivum, brassica napus, cicer arietinum, pisum sativum, lupinus albus, lupinus angustifolius and lupinus cosentinii. * plants were grown in sand and supplied with 40 mg p kg(-1) in the sparingly soluble forms alpo(4), fepo(4) or ca(5)oh(po(4))(3), or as soluble kh(2)po(4); control plants received no p. * the ability to uti ...	2007	17176404
a ground-based comparison of nutrient delivery technologies originally developed for growing plants in the spaceflight environment.	a ground-based comparison of plant nutrient delivery systems that have been developed for microgravity application was conducted for dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. 'yecora rojo') and rapid-cycling brassica (brassica rapa l. crgc#1-33) plants. these experiments offer insight into nutrient and oxygen delivery concerns for greenhouse crop production systems. the experiments were completed over a 12-day period to simulate a typical space shuttle-based spaceflight experiment. the plant materials, ...	2007	17654790
a mathematical model on the effect of m. denticulata weed on different winter crops.	many weeds interfere with the productivity of wheat and other winter annual crops; however, one common weed medicago denticulata, appears to have a beneficial effect. an experiment was conducted at agricultural experimental farm of the indian statistical institute, giridih, jharkhand to observe the effect of m. denticulata (a legume) on different crops yield of barley (hordeum vulgare sensu lato), linseed (linum usitatissimum l.), indian mustard [brassica juncea (l.) czernj. & cosson] and wheat ...	2007	17602829
physiological and biochemical responses of resistant and susceptible wheat to injury by russian wheat aphid.	we examined the physiological and biochemical responses of resistant ('halt' and 'prairie red') and susceptible ('tam 107') wheat, triticum aestivum l., to injury by the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko). photosynthetic capacity was evaluated by measuring assimilation/internal co2 (a/ci) curves, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll, and nonstructural carbohydrate content. total protein and peroxidase specific activity also were determined. no significant differences were detected ...	2007	17972650
variation to cause host injury between russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) clones virulent to dn4 wheat.	biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype's ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. five clones (si ...	2007	17972649
distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in north america.	wheat, triticum aestivum l., with russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) resistance based on the dn4 gene has been important in managing russian wheat aphid since 1994. recently, five biotypes (rwa1-rwa5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage rwa resistance genes in wheat. rwa2, rwa4, and rwa5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with dn4 resistance. in 2005, 365 russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made ...	2007	17972648
fractionated extracts of russian wheat aphid eliciting defense responses in wheat.	it is hypothesized that the interaction between aphids and plants follows a gene-for-gene model. the recent appearance of several new russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (homoptera: aphididae), biotypes in the united states and the differential response of wheat, triticum aestivum l., genotypes containing different resistance genes also suggest a gene-for-gene interaction. however, aphid elicitors remain unknown. this study was conducted to identify fractionated russian wheat aphid ...	2007	17598566
microdochium triticicola sp. nov. from roots of triticum aestivum in the united kingdom.	morphological and molecular studies led to the description of microdochium triticicola as new species isolated from roots of wheat in the united kingdom. the morphological features of all known microdochium species are tabulated.	2007	18268909
heteroconium sp. nov. from roots of triticum aestivum in the united kingdom.	morphological and molecular studies led to the description of heteroconium triticicola as a new species isolated from roots of wheat in the united kingdom. the new fungus shares with h. citharexyli, the type species of heteroconium petrak, features such as superficial mycelium, macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, straight conidiophores, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical conidiogenous cells, and catenate, dry, simple, cylindrical, obclavate, often pale brown, smooth, multiseptat ...	2007	18268910
the global importance of the cereal cyst nematode (heterodera spp.) on wheat and international approaches to its control.	the cereal cyst nematodes (ccns) are a group of several closely related species which have been documented to cause economic yield loss on rainfed wheat production systems in several part of the world including north africa, west asia, china, india, australia, america and several countries in europe. the most commonly reported species is heterodera avenae, however there are at least two other species h. filipjevi and h. latipons are implicated. it is well appreciated that plants under water and ...	2007	18399504
[comparative analysis of the genetic diversity dynamics at gliadin loci in the winter common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars developed in serbia and italy over 40 years of scientific breeding].	the dynamics of genetic transformations at gliadin-coding loci in the winter common wheat cultivars produced in serbia and italy over 40 years of scientific breeding was studied. it was demonstrated that a number of alleles unique for the wheat cultivars of each country were substituted with the alleles of a limited number of donor cultivars, in particular, cultivar bezostaya 1 and its derivatives. on the background of preserved heterogeneity values during various time periods of breeding in eac ...	2007	18186186
[ultrastructural basis of biotrophic relationships between brown rust fungus and common wheat].	the ultrastructural research of relationships between common wheat and brown rust fungus puccinia triticina demonstrated that the biotrophy was based on the induction of plant cytoplasmic aggregate organization, nuclear migration to haustorium and stimulation of mesophyll cell metabolism. resistant reactions in the form of hypersensitivity and depositions on plant cell walls were suppressed up to fungal sporogenesis. cytoplasmic reorganization and nuclear taxis to haustorium were not registered ...	2007	18074780
expression analysis of defense-related genes in wheat in response to infection by fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungi fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese cultivar ning 7840 is one of a few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. genecalling, an open-architecture mrna-profiling technology, was used to identify differentially expressed genes induced or suppressed in spikes of ning 7840 after infection by f. graminearum. one hundred and twenty-five cdna fragments representing transcripts diff ...	2007	18059549
[greenhouse with a convex spherical planting surface as a prototype of space greenhouse and an instrument for studying the plant gravitropism].	ibmp has developed a technology and unit for cultivating self-opening crops on a convex planting surface illuminated by light-emitting diodes mounted on an external concentric panel ("hemisphere"). the unit has a structure of two-member clinostat with semispherical plant growth chamber with a 600-mm diameter and a speed of from 1 to 10 revo about each axis; water potential in the root supply system is maintained at 1.0 +/- 0.45 kpa. having the data of 1200 measurements in the growth chamber, par ...	2007	18035715
effectiveness of various pseudomonas spp. and burkholderia caryophylli containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	this study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. five isolates belonging to pseudomonas and one burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions wer ...	2007	18051598
dothideomycete plant interactions illuminated by genome sequencing and est analysis of the wheat pathogen stagonospora nodorum.	stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum) and a member of the dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens affecting all major crop plant families. here, we report the acquisition and initial analysis of a draft genome sequence for this fungus. the assembly comprises 37,164,227 bp of nuclear dna contained in 107 scaffolds. the circular mitochondrial genome comprises 49,761 bp encoding 46 genes, including four t ...	2007	18024570
folates in asian noodles: i. microbiological analysis and the use of enzyme treatments.	asian noodles are a major end use of common wheat flour globally. a microbiological assay protocol for the folate contents of flour and asian noodles has been developed. different approaches were compared for enzymatic extraction and deconjugation of folate following the establishment of optimum inoculum concentration for analysis. the folate results obtained varied when samples were subjected to different preparation and extraction procedures. the use of trienzyme treatments gave significantly ...	2007	17995715
dimeric inhibitors of human salivary alpha-amylase from emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) seeds.	the proteins belonging to the cereal trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family are abundant water/salt-soluble flour proteins active against alpha-amylases from several seed parasites and pests and inactive against endogenous alpha-amylases. three alpha-amylase inhibitor families have been described in cereals that vary in size and are differently expressed among triticeae seeds. the present work investigates the presence of human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitors in emmer (triticum dicoccon schran ...	2007	18020408
simple sequence repeat diversity of a worldwide collection of puccinia triticina from durum wheat.	abstract isolates of puccinia triticina collected from durum wheat from argentina, chile, ethiopia, france, mexico, spain, and the united states were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers in order to determine the genetic relationship among isolates. these isolates also were compared with p. triticina isolates from common wheat from north america, and an isolate collected from aegilops speltoides from israel, to determine genetic relationships among groups of p. triticina found o ...	2007	18943576
identification of a novel fusarium head blight resistance quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7a in tetraploid wheat.	abstract fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of durum (triticum turgidum sp. durum) and common wheat (t. aestivum). promising sources of fhb resistance have been identified among common (hexaploid) wheats, but the same is not true for durum (tetraploid) wheats. a previous study indicated that chromosome 7a from t. turgidum sp. dicoccoides accession pi478742 contributed significant levels of resistance to fhb. the objectives of this re ...	2007	18943578
virulence phenotypes of a worldwide collection of puccinia triticina from durum wheat.	abstract a total of 78 isolates of puccinia triticina from durum wheat from argentina, chile, ethiopia, france, mexico, spain and the united states and 10 representative isolates of p. triticina from common wheat from the united states were tested for virulence phenotypes on seedling plants of 35 near-isogenic lines of thatcher wheat. isolates with virulence on lines with leaf rust resistance genes lr10, lr14b, lr20, lr22a, lr23, lr33, lr34, lr41, and lr44 represented the most frequent phenotype ...	2007	18943655
tamsh7: a cereal mismatch repair gene that affects fertility in transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	chromosome pairing, recombination and dna repair are essential processes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. investigating the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ph2 (pairing homoeologous) locus has identified numerous candidate genes that may have a role in controlling such processes, including tamsh7, a plant specific member of the dna mismatch repair family.	2007	18096080
mapping of a major stripe rust resistance gene in chinese native wheat variety chike using microsatellite markers.	chike (accession number su1900), a chinese native wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety, is resistant to the currently prevailing physiological races of puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici in china. genetic analysis indicated that resistance to the physiological race cy32 of the pathogen in the variety was controlled by one dominant gene. in this study, bsa (bulked segregant analysis) methods and ssrs (simple sequence repeats) marker polymorphic analysis are used to map the gene. the res ...	2007	18155625
gliadain, a gibberellin-inducible cysteine proteinase occurring in germinating seeds of wheat, triticum aestivum l., specifically digests gliadin and is regulated by intrinsic cystatins.	we cloned a new cysteine proteinase of wheat seed origin, which hydrolyzed the storage protein gliadin almost specifically, and was named gliadain. gliadain mrna was expressed 1 day after the start of seed imbibition, and showed a gradual increase thereafter. gliadain expression was suppressed when uniconazol, a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, was added to germinating seeds. histochemical detection with anti-gliadain serum indicated that gliadain was present in the aleurone layer and also that ...	2007	17371549
effect of between and on row distance of first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.).	this study was carried out at the university of ankara, faculty of agriculture, haymana research and application farm, haymana county, ankara, turkey during 1987/1990 with the aim of to determine the effect of between and on row distances (b(rd) and o(rd), respectively) on the first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.). five wheat cultivars (bezostaja-i, gerek 79, haymana 79; triticum aestivum l., cakmak 79 and kunduru 1149; triticum durum desf.) w ...	2007	19093497
growth indices of winter wheat as affected by irrigation regimes under iran conditions.	an experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 at the agricultural research station, islamic azad university, khorasgan branch, isfahan, iran. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation regimes on growth indices of three bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes. a split plot layout with a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70 (i1), 90 (i2) and 110 (i3) mm cumulative evaporation from class a evaporat ...	2007	19093518
effect of auxin and salt stress (nacl) on seed germination of wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.).	seeds of three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars included mahdavi, pishtaz and shiraz, were used to investigate the effects of different salinity and auxin concentrations on their germination percent, radicle and hypocotyl length, seedling fresh and dry weight, radicle and hypocotyl dry weight. results showed that increasing concentrations of nacl reduced germination percentage, radicle length, hypocotyl length, seedling fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl dry weight. hypocotyl dry weight in ...	2007	19070130
genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in central asia and the caucasus.	abstract isolates of puccinia triticina collected from common wheat in the central asia countries of kazakhstan, uzbekistan, tajikistan, and kyrgyzstan and the caucasus countries of azerbaijan, georgia, and armenia were tested for virulence to 20 isolines of thatcher wheat with different leaf rust resistance genes and molecular genotype at 23 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci. after clone correction within each country, 99 isolates were analyzed for measures of population diversity, variation at ...	2007	18944179
isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone encoding the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cm17 protein.		2007	1932681
tlxi, a novel type of xylanase inhibitor from wheat (triticum aestivum) belonging to the thaumatin family.	wheat (triticum aestivum) contains a previously unknown type of xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) inhibitor, which is described in the present paper for the first time. based on its >60% similarity to tlps (thaumatin-like proteins) and the fact that it contains the prosite ps00316 thaumatin family signature, it is referred to as tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor). tlxi is a basic (pi> or =9.3 in isoelectric focusing) protein with a molecular mass of approx. 18-kda (determined by sds/page) and it occur ...	2007	17269932
biological responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide chlorotoluron in soils.	chlorotoluron is a phenylurea herbicide that is widely used for controlling grass weeds in the land of cereal, cotton and fruit production. however, extensive use of this herbicide may lead to its accumulation in ecosystems, thus inducing the toxicity to crops and vegetables. to assess chlorotoluron-induced toxicity in plants, we performed the experiment focusing on the metabolic adaptation of wheat plants (triticum aestivum) to the chlorotoluron-induced oxidative stress. the wheat plants were c ...	2007	17462703
a single binding site mediates resistance- and disease-associated activities of the effector protein nip1 from the barley pathogen rhynchosporium secalis.	the effector protein nip1 from the barley (hordeum vulgare) pathogen rhynchosporium secalis specifically induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in cultivars of barley expressing the complementary resistance gene, rrs1. in addition, it stimulates the activity of the barley plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in a genotype-unspecific manner and it induces necrotic lesions in leaf tissues of barley and other cereal plant species. nip1 variants type i and ii, which display quantitative difference ...	2007	17478637
sucrose regulated expression of a ca2+-dependent protein kinase (tacdpk1) gene in excised leaves of wheat.	sucrose (suc) can influence the expression of a large number of genes and thereby regulates many metabolic and developmental processes. however, the suc sensing and the components of the ensuing signaling transduction pathway leading to the regulation of gene expression are not fully understood. we have shown that protein kinases and phosphatases are involved in the suc induced expression of fructosyltransferase (ft) genes and fructan accumulation by an hexokinase independent pathway in wheat (t ...	2007	17482472
cytokinin promotes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and preserves the chloroplast integrity during dark-senescence.	increased oxidative stress displayed during dark-senescence of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) is caused not only by the increased levels of radicals but also by a loss of antioxidant capacity. mature leaves were incubated in 6-benzylaminopurine (bap 10(-4)m) or water (control) during 6d in the dark. the senescence-delaying effect of bap was associated with the retention of the chloroplast structure, 60% of the initial content of chlorophyll (chl) and 77% of the initial content of protein. b ...	2007	17485137
photosynthetic responses of wheat, triticum aestivum l., to defoliation patterns on individual leaves.	the impact of defoliation by fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), on the photosynthetic rates of injured, individual wheat, triticum aestivum l., leaves and the impact of different spatial patterns of artificial insect defoliation on photosynthesis of remaining leaf tissue of injured, individual wheat leaves were evaluated in this study. photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded in the flag-leaves of wheat plants 1 and 24 h a ...	2007	17540071
development and molecular cytogenetic identification of new winter wheat--winter barley ('martonvásári 9 kr1' - 'igri') disomic addition lines.	this paper describes a series of winter wheat - winter barley disomic addition lines developed from hybrids between winter wheat line triticum aestivum l. 'martonvásári 9 kr1' and the german 2-rowed winter barley cultivar hordeum vulgare l. 'igri'. the barley chromosomes in a wheat background were identified from the fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) patterns obtained with various combinations of repetitive dna probes: gaa-hvt01 and pta71-hvt01. the disomic addition lines 2h, 3h, and 4h a ...	2007	17546070
effects of soil cadmium on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).	effects of different concentrations of soil cadmium (0-33mg kg(-1)) on growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidant response of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated using pot experiments. a slight stimulatory effect on seedling growth was observed, especially at low cd concentrations (less than 3.3mg kg(-1)). results of the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) determination showed a decrease in unstable free radical level in the leaves, followed by a significant increase with i ...	2007	17568654
qtl associated with fusarium head blight resistance in the soft red winter wheat ernie.	fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schw. (petch)], is an increasingly important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). host-plant resistance provides the best hope for reducing economic losses associated with fhb, but new sources of resistance are limited. the moderately resistant winter wheat cultivar, ernie, may provide a source of resistance that differs from sumai 3 but these genes have not been mapped. also hindering resis ...	2007	17569028
fine mapping and targeted snp survey using rice-wheat gene colinearity in the region of the bo1 boron toxicity tolerance locus of bread wheat.	toxicity due to high levels of soil boron (b) represents a significant limitation to cereal production in some regions, and the bo1 gene provides a major source of b toxicity tolerance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a novel approach was used to develop primers to amplify and sequence gene fragments specifically from the bo1 region of the hexaploid wheat genome. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) identified were then used to generate markers close to bo1 on the distal end of chromosom ...	2007	17571251
genetic analysis of bread-making quality scores in bread wheat using a recombinant inbred line population.	bread-making quality has been evaluated in a progeny of 194 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross between the two french cultivars récital and renan, cultivated in three environments. these cultivars have been previously identified as having contrasting grain protein content and dough rheology properties, although they achieve similar scores for the official bread-making test used for cultivar registration in france. however the progeny displayed a wide range of variations, suggesting t ...	2007	17581736
relevance of anti-reactive oxygen species activity to anti-inflammatory activity of components of eviprostat, a phytotherapeutic agent for benign prostatic hyperplasia.	inflammation is a common finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph). the phytotherapeutic agent eviprostat is a popular treatment for bph in japan and germany. this agent consists of five components; four are extracted from chimaphila umbellata, populus tremula, pulsatilla pratensis and equisetum arvense (coded as evi-1, evi-2, evi-3 and evi-4, respectively) and the fifth is germ oil from triticum aestivum (coded as evi-5). in this study, the effects of each component on the reactive oxygen s ...	2007	17583488
genetic and epigenetic alteration among three homoeologous genes of a class e mads box gene in hexaploid wheat.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with a, b, and d ancestral genomes. most bread wheat genes are present in the genome as triplicated homoeologous genes (homoeologs) derived from the ancestral species. here, we report that both genetic and epigenetic alterations have occurred in the homoeologs of a wheat class e mads box gene. two class e genes are identified in wheat, wheat sepallata (wsep) and wheat leafy hull sterile1 (wlhs1), which are homologs of os mads45 and os mads1 ...	2007	17586655
preceding crop affects grain cadmium and zinc of wheat grown in saline soils of central iran.	enhanced cd concentrations in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain produced on saline soils of central iran have been recently reported. because wheat bread is a major dietary component for the iranian people, practical approaches to decrease cd concentration in wheat grain were investigated. this study investigated the influence of sunflower-wheat vs. cotton-wheat rotations on extractable cd and on cd uptake by wheat in these salt-affected soils. two fields with different levels of cd contaminati ...	2007	17596621
genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the nf-y family of transcription factors in triticum aestivum.	nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a trimeric complex that binds to the ccaat box, a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter element. the three subunits nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc are represented by single genes in yeast and mammals. however, in model plant species (arabidopsis and rice) multiple genes encode each subunit providing the impetus for the investigation of the nf-y transcription factor family in wheat. a total of 37 nf-y and dr1 genes (10 nf-ya, 11 nf-yb, 14 nf-yc and 2 dr1) in triticum aestivum were ide ...	2007	17598077
genetic and molecular characterization of pathogenic isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) in the state of paraná, brazil.	isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) spikes with blast symptoms were analyzed by classical (vcg) and molecular (rapd) techniques. p. grisea mutants, unable to use sodium nitrate (nit) as nitrogen source, were obtained with potassium chlorate. for vegetative compatibility (vcg) tests, genetically complementary nit mutant pairs were inoculated in a medium with sodium nitrate as a single nitrogen source. p. grisea isolates were ...	2007	17604441
leaf rust resistance gene lr1, isolated from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a member of the large psr567 gene family.	in hexaploid wheat, leaf rust resistance gene lr1 is located at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5d. to clone this gene, an f(1)-derived doubled haploid population and a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between the susceptible cultivar ac karma and the resistant line 87e03-s2b1 were phenotyped for resistance to puccinia triticina race 1-1 bbb that carries the avirulence gene avr1. a high-resolution genetic map of the lr1 locus was constructed using microsatellite, resi ...	2007	17611798
wheat cells accumulate a syringyl-rich lignin during the hypersensitive resistance response.	the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici is an obligately biotrophic pathogen attacking wheat (triticum aestivum). in compatible host/pathogen-interactions, the fungus participates in the host's metabolism by establishing functional haustoria in the susceptible plant cells. in highly resistant wheat cultivars, fungal attack is stopped by a hypersensitive response of penetrated host cells. this mechanism of programmed cell death of single plant cells is accompanied by the intracellula ...	2007	17188312
changes of some anti-oxidative physiological indices under soil water deficits among 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes at tillering stage.	drought is one of the major ecological factors limiting crop production and food quality globally, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world. wheat is the staple food for more than 35% of world population and wheat cultivation is mainly restricted to such zones with scarcity of water, so wheat anti-drought physiology study is of importance to wheat production, food safety and quality and biotechnological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. the curren ...	2007	17196377
full-fledged proteomic analysis of bioactive wheat amylase inhibitors by a 3-d analytical technique: identification of new heterodimeric aggregation states.	wheat proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-ais) are increasingly investigated for their agronomical role as natural defence molecules of plants against the attack of insects and pests, but also for their effects on human health. the wheat genomes code for several bioactive alpha-ais that share sequence homology, but differ in their specificity against alpha-amylases from different species and for their aggregation states. wheat alpha-ais are traditionally classified as belonging to the ...	2007	17203506
metal ion binding properties of triticum [corrected] aestivum ec-1 metallothionein: evidence supporting two separate metal thiolate clusters.	metallothioneins are ubiquitous low molecular mass, cysteine-rich proteins with an extraordinary high metal ion content. in contrast to the situation for the vertebrate forms, information regarding the properties of members of the plant metallothionein family is still scarce. we present the first spectroscopic investigation aiming to elucidate the metal ion binding properties and metal thiolate cluster formation of the triticum [corrected] aestivum (common wheat) early cysteine-labeled plant met ...	2007	17211631
cloning and characterization of the ribosomal protein l3 (rpl3) gene family from triticum aestivum.	plant pathogenic fungi of the genus fusarium can cause severe diseases on small grain cereals and maize. the contamination of harvested grain with fusarium mycotoxins is a threat to human and animal health. in wheat production of the toxin deoxynivalenol (don), which inhibits eukaryotic protein biosynthesis, is a virulence factor of fusarium, and resistance against don is considered to be part of fusarium resistance. previously, single amino acid changes in rpl3 (ribosomal protein l3) conferring ...	2007	17216491
evaluation of cymbopogon martinii oil extract for control of postharvest insect deterioration in cereals and legumes.	the essential oil of cymbopogon martinii was tested for its potency as a botanical pesticide to protect stored wheat (triticum aestivum) and gram (garbanzo bean, cicer arietinum) from insect infestation. the c. martinii oil was potent as a fumigant in stored gram. the oil was an effective repellent against the beetles callosobruchus chinensis and tribolium castaneum. geraniol, the major component of the oil, was not as effective as the oil itself. c. martinii oil significantly affected ovipositi ...	2007	17265877
a wheat (triticum aestivum) protein phosphatase 2a catalytic subunit gene provides enhanced drought tolerance in tobacco.	multiple copies of genes encoding the catalytic subunit (c) of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) are commonly found in plants. for some of these genes, expression is up-regulated under water stress. the aim of this study was to investigate expression and characterization of tapp2ac-1 from triticum aestivum, and to evaluate the effects of tapp2ac-1 on nicotiana benthamiana in response to water stress.	2007	17272305
assessing the impact of ambient ozone on growth and yield of a rice (oryza sativa l.) and a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar grown in the yangtze delta, china, using three rates of application of ethylenediurea (edu).	foliar applications of ethylenediurea (abbreviated as edu) were made at 0, 150, 300 or 450 ppm to field-grown rice and wheat in the yangtze delta in china. rice and wheat responded differently to ambient ozone and edu applications. for wheat, some growth characteristics, such as yield, seed number per plant, seed set rate and harvest index, increased significantly at 300 ppm edu treatment, while for rice no parameters measured were statistically different regarding edu application. the reason ma ...	2007	17275152
changes in organic matter and residual effect of amendment with two-phase olive-mill waste on degraded agricultural soils.	agricultural soils from many parts of the mediterranean region are very poor in organic matter and are exposed to progressive degradation processes. therefore, additions of the olive-mill waste from a continuous two-phase system as an organic amendment can improve soil quality and hence mitigate the negative environmental and agronomic limitations of these soils. a field study under semiarid mediterranean conditions was conducted to evaluate the changes in organic matter after four consecutive a ...	2007	17276494
[transgenic wheat expressing virus-derived hairpin rna is resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus].	an expression vector expected to induce rna interference against barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), which expressed a composite hprna with the dsrna stem homologous of bydv gpv replicase gene and the antisense rna loop homologous of coat protein gene, was designed without marker gene. the vector was transferred into callus cells from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryos by particle bombardment. to select the positive transformants as early as possible, a rapid pcr, which does not need ex ...	2007	17284432
the historical perspective of dryland agriculture: lessons learned from 10,000 years of wheat cultivation.	wheat is one of the founder crops of western agriculture. this study reconstructs agronomic conditions, potential yields, and kernel weight in the beginnings of cultivation of domesticated free-threshing wheat, c. 8000 bc. the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions and the dimensions of fossil grains of naked wheat (triticum aestivum/durum) were analysed. samples were collected in tell halula and akarçay tepe, two neolithic archaeological sites from the middle euphrates (the claimed cor ...	2007	17050642
catalytic activity, duplication and evolution of the cyp98 cytochrome p450 family in wheat.	a burst of evolutionary duplication upon land colonization seems to have led to the large superfamily of cytochromes p450 in higher plants. within this superfamily some clans and families are heavily duplicated. others, such as genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway have led to fewer duplication events. eight coding sequences belonging to the cyp98 family reported to catalyze the 3-hydroxylation step in this pathway were isolated from triticum aestivum (wheat) and expressed in yeast. comp ...	2007	17160453
wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (minpps) are phytases expressed during grain filling and germination.	at present, little is known about the phytases of plant seeds in spite of the fact that this group of enzymes is the primary determinant for the utilization of the major phosphate storage compound in seeds, phytic acid. we report the cloning and characterization of complementary dnas (cdnas) encoding one of the groups of enzymes with phytase activity, the multiple inositol phosphate phosphatases (minpps). four wheat cdnas (taphyiia1, taphyiia2, taphyiib and taphyiic) and three barley cdnas (hvph ...	2007	17309687
influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from cereals and pulses consumed in india.	influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from food grains consumed in india was evaluated. cereals - rice (oryza sativa), finger millet (eleusine coracana), sorghum (sorghum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays), and pulses - chickpea (cicer arietinum) - whole and decorticated, green gram (phaseolus aureus) - whole and decorticated, decorticated black gram (phaseolus mungo), decorticated red gram (cajanus cajan), cowpea (vigna catjang), and french ...	2007	17317519
the structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication.	the domestication of emmer wheat (triticum turgidum spp. dicoccoides, genomes bbaa) was one of the key events during the emergence of agriculture in southwestern asia, and was a prerequisite for the evolution of durum and common wheat. single- and multilocus genotypes based on restriction fragment length polymorphism at 131 loci were analyzed to describe the structure of populations of wild and domesticated emmer and to generate a picture of emmer domestication and its subsequent diffusion acros ...	2007	17318496
evidence of natural hybridization between aegilops geniculata and wheat under field conditions in central spain.	this study deals with hybrids between aegilops geniculata and bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., detected in two ae. geniculata populations in the "meseta central", spain's central plateau where wheat is a major crop. morphological traits and pentaploid chromosome numbers were used to identify hybrids in 2004 and 2005. the frequency of hybridization under natural conditions was calculated for one of these populations. six hybrids were detected from a sample of 3158 seeds from this population. th ...	2007	17328856
plant availability of nutrients recovered as solids from human urine tested in climate chamber on triticum aestivum l.	recovered nutrients by freezing-thawing from human urine in combination with struvite precipitation and nitrogen adsorption on zeolite and activated carbon have been tested in pot trials with wheat, triticum aestivum l., in a climate chamber during 21 days. a simple test design using sand as substrate was chosen to give a first, general evaluation of the nutrient (p and n) availability from these sources. dry weight, plant growth morphology, total-p and total-n were analysed. the tests show a sl ...	2007	17336055
survival of bio-inoculants on fungicides-treated seeds of wheat, pea and chickpea and subsequent effect on chickpea yield.	survival of mesorhizobium ciceri (sp(4)) and azotobacter chroococcum (cbd-15 and m(4)) was tested on chickpea (cicer arietinum) seeds treated with fungicides bavistin [methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2yl) carbamate] and thiram (tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide), whereas survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb), pseudomonas striata (27) and bacillus polymyxa (h(5)) was examined on two cultivars (arkel and bv) of pea (pisum sativum) seeds treated with thiram. viability of azotobacter chroococcum ( ...	2007	17701702
decreased toxicity to terrestrial plants associated with a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolite tert-butyl alcohol.	the influence of the main fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) and its key metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (tba), on the growth of a plant seedling was studied separately and in combination. the test plants were mung bean (phaseolus radiatus), cucumber (cucumis sativus), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), kale (brassica alboglabra), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), and sweet corn (zea mays). the growth of all the plants was adversely affected by tba and mtbe. the ...	2007	17702346
indirect enzyme-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of taxi and xip type xylanase inhibitors in wheat and other cereals.	to quantify triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and xylanase inhibiting protein (xip) type proteins in cereals in general and wheat ( t. aestivum) in particular, a robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using an uncommon enzyme-antibody sandwich format was developed. bacillus subtilis glycoside hydrolase family (gh) 11 and aspergillus oryzae gh 10 xylanases were selected for coating elisa plate wells to capture taxi and xip, respectively, prior to probing with antibodies. the d ...	2007	17715986
screening of wheat varieties and associated bacterial population in old alluvial soil of burdwan, west bengal.	in order to screen out the best variety of wheat (triticum aestivum) out of eight varieties (viz., hp 1633, bw 11, nw 1014, sonalika, huw 468, k 9107, hp 1731 and huw 234), a field experiment was conducted (from dec. 2002 to april 2003) in a randomized block design replicated thrice at crop research and seed multiplication farm, burdwan university, west bengal, india. various morpho physiological parameters viz., plant population, length of shoot and root, leaf area index (lai), crop growth rate ...	2007	17717978
global adaptation patterns of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat.	the international adaptation trial (iat) is a special purpose nursery designed to investigate the genotype-by-environment interactions and worldwide adaptation for grain yield of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l. var. durum). the iat contains lines representing australian and cimmyt wheat breeding programs and was distributed to 91 countries between 2000 and 2004. yield data of 41 reference lines from 106 trials were analysed. a multi ...	2007	17768603
isolation and molecular characterization of the triticum aestivum l. ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1) that increases multiple stress tolerance.	erf transcription factors play important roles in regulating gene expression under abiotic and biotic stresses. the first member of the erf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was isolated by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated as t. aestivum ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1), which encoded a putative protein of 355 amino acids with a conserved dna-binding domain and a conserved n-terminal motif (mcggail). the taerf1 gene was located on chromosome 7a. protein inte ...	2007	17874224
cloning of salt stress responsive cdna from wheat and resistant analysis of differential fragment sr07 in transgenic tobacco.	analysis of the gene expression differentiation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar baofeng 7228, under salt stress, was carried out by differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr.) twenty-seven differential cdna fragments were obtained. the expression of the sr07 fragment was induced noticeably by salt treatment, and the nucleotide sequence homology of 87% between the sr07 fragment and pips (water channel proteins) was observed. further research ...	2007	17884694
dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies.	the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ...	2007	17389586
boosting silica levels in wheat leaves reduces grazing by rabbits.	systemic application of sodium silicate can significantly enhance the levels of leaf silica in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. mercia), suggesting that this material could reduce the palatability of plants to vertebrate herbivores (e.g. rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l.). a bioassay was developed using hydroponically grown wheat plants. plants treated with sodium silicate were significantly more resistant to grazing by wild rabbits than untreated plants, with severe, potentially lethal fe ...	2007	17177170
engineering molecular recognition of endoxylanase enzymes and their inhibitors through phage display.	specific binding of interacting proteins generally depends on a limited set of amino acid residues located at the contact interface. we have applied a phage-display-based screening method to simultaneously evaluate the role of multiple residues of endo-beta-1,4-xylanase enzymes in conferring binding specificity towards two different endoxylanase inhibitors. seven residues of the two beta-strand 'thumb' region of trichoderma longibrachiatum endo-beta-1,4-xylanase xynii were targeted for randomiza ...	2007	17393541
interaction between cadmium, lead and potassium fertilizer (k2so4) in a soil-plant system.	a pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of potassium (k) fertilizer (k(2)so(4)) application on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in soil. spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was selected as the test plant. there were seven treatments including single and combined contamination of cd and pb. cdcl(2).2.5 h(2)o and pb(no(3))(2) were added to the soil at the following dosages: cd + pb = 0.00 + 0.00, 5.00 + 0.00, 25.0 + 0.00, 0.00 + 500, 0 ...	2007	17404694
trigenomic chromosomes by recombination of thinopyrum intermedium and th. ponticum translocations in wheat.	rusts and barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) are among the main diseases affecting wheat production world wide for which wild relatives have been the source of a number of translocations carrying resistance genes. nevertheless, along with desirable traits, alien translocations often carry deleterious genes. we have generated recombinants in a bread wheat background between two alien translocations: tc5, ex-thinopyrum (th) intermedium, carrying bydv resistance gene bdv2; and t4m, ex-th. ponticum, c ...	2007	17906848
targeted molecular engineering of a family 11 endoxylanase to decrease its sensitivity towards triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitor types.	the bacillus subtilis endoxylanase xyna (bsxy) is frequently used to improve the functionality of arabinoxylan-containing material in cereal based industries. the presence of endogenous triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (taxi-i and taxi-ii) in wheat is a real concern as they have a direct negative impact on the efficiency of this enzyme. here, we used the recently determined structure of the complex between taxi-i and an endoxylanase of aspergillus niger to develop inhibitor-insensitive bsxy ...	2007	17445930
characterization of a cinnamoyl-coa reductase that is associated with stem development in wheat.	cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is responsible for the coa ester to aldehyde conversion in monolignol biosynthesis, which diverts phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites into the biosynthesis of lignin. to gain a better understanding of lignin biosynthesis and its biological function, a cdna encoding ccr was identified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and designated as ta-ccr1. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ta-ccr1 grouped together with other monocot ccr sequences while it diverged from ta-cc ...	2007	17452751
identification of molecular marker and aggressiveness for different groups of bipolaris sorokiniana isolates causing spot blotch disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	one hundred fifty-five isolates of bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were studied for their morphopathological characterization. these isolates were grouped in five categories--black, brown/dull black, gray cottony growth, dull white/greenish black, and white--on the basis of their growth pattern. the frequency of the black suppressed type was maximum (45.63%), whereas the white isolate displayed lowest frequency (6.96%) in the natural population. twenty rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) prim ...	2007	17647080
expression and functional analysis of taasy1 during meiosis of bread wheat (triticum aestivum).	pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes is required for normal chromosome segregation and the exchange of genetic material via recombination during meiosis. synapsis is complete at pachytene following the formation of a tri-partite proteinaceous structure known as the synaptonemal complex (sc). in yeast, hop1 is essential for formation of the sc, and localises along chromosome axes during prophase i. homologues in arabidopsis (atasy1), brassica (boasy1) and rice (ospair2) have been isolat ...	2007	17683575
modelling wheat growth and yield losses from late epidemics of foliar diseases using loss of green leaf area per layer and pre-anthesis reserves.	background and aims: crop protection strategies, based on preventing quantitative crop losses rather than pest outbreaks, are being developed as a promising way to reduce fungicide use. the bastiaans' model was applied to winter wheat crops (triticum aestivum) affected by leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and septoria tritici blotch (stb; mycosphaerella graminicola) under a range of crop management conditions. this study examined (a) whether green leaf area per layer accurately accounts for growth ...	2007	17686762
establishment of azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	biofertilizers contribute in n(2) fixation, p solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. this interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the ...	2007	17910096
environmental factors of celiac disease: cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species triticum monococcum, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and t. aestivum ssp. spelta.	in the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer caco-2/tc7 and human myelogenous leukemia k562(s) cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease.	2007	17914956
[bifunctional inhibitor of alpha-amylase/trypsin from wheat grain].	a trypsin inhibitor, isolated from whole-wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.) by the method of bio-specific chromatography on trypsin-sepharose, was potent in inhibiting human salivary alpha-amylase. the bi-functional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor was characterized by a narrow specificity for other alpha-amylases and proteinases. the high thermostability of the inhibitor was lost in the presence of sh group-reducing agents. the inhibitor-trypsin complex retained its activity against alpha-amylas ...	2007	17929568
plastidial glutathione reductase from haynaldia villosa is an enhancer of powdery mildew resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum).	a full-length cdna (hv-gr) whose transcript accumulation increased in response to infection by blumeria graminis dc.f.sp. tritici (bgt) was isolated from haynaldia villosa. southern analysis revealed a single copy of hv-gr present in h. villosa. this gene encodes a glutathione reductase (gr) with high similarity to chloroplastic grs from other plant species. chloroplastic localization of hv-gr was confirmed by targeting of the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-hv-gr fusion protein to chloroplasts ...	2007	17947258
lignan profile in seeds of modern and old italian soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars as revealed by ce-ms analyses.	the health-promoting effects of whole-grain consumption have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemical contents and profiles. wheat is an important component of the human diet; however, little is known about the phytochemical profiles of different wheat varieties, especially of old wheats. the objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of lignans, a class of phytochemicals with proved health benefit effects, of four modern and six old italian soft wheat (triticum aes ...	2007	17948259
molecular mapping of qtls for karnal bunt resistance in two recombinant inbred populations of bread wheat.	karnal bunt (kb) of wheat, caused by the fungus tilletia indica, is a challenge to the grain industry, owing not to direct yield loss but to quarantine regulations that may restrict international movement of affected grain. several different sources of resistance to kb have been reported. understanding the genetics of resistance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into new wheat cultivars. the objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with kb ...	2007	17952401
single and joint stress of acetochlor and pb on three agricultural crops in northeast china.	in order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. seeds of the three crops including wheat (triticum aestivum), chinese cabbage (brassica pekimensis) and soybean (glycine max) as the main crops in northeast china were exposed to acetochlor as a herbicide and lead (pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil ...	2007	17969646