Publications

ganglioside patterns in normal and lepromatous armadillo tissues.	gangliosides derived from tissues of normal and lepromatous armadillos were examined by thin-layer chromatography. the ganglioside patterns produced by the mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues varied from that of the normal tissue. although increased levels of several gangliosides were observed in the infected tissues, there was an apparent preferential increase in gm3 gangliosides as determined by column chromatography and enzymatic hydrolysis.	1986	3722965
the lepromin test in rhesus monkeys.	the lepromin test was studied in rhesus monkeys. six control monkeys which had not been inoculated with mycobacterium leprae, six monkeys with experimentally induced leprosy, and nine monkeys which had been inoculated with m. leprae but had not developed leprosy were evaluated with 1x, 10x, and 15x lepromin a, with 1x and 10x lepromin m (mangabey monkey derived), with 1x and 25x purified inactivated m. leprae, and with an armadillo mock lepromin. we found that the lepromin test is useful in rhes ...	1986	3746044
concepts behind the development of multiple drug therapy regimens in leprosy.		1986	3295437
[testing of the footpad technic for the cultivation of mycobacterium leprae in different lines of mice populations in cuba].		1986	3299546
immunology of leprosy: new findings, future perspectives.		1986	3334152
vaccination of borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients with bcg plus killed mycobacterium leprae.		1986	3316142
the experimental inoculation with mycobacterium leprae in the congenitally asplenic mouse.		1986	3316143
the nude mouse as an experimental lepromatous leprosy model (continued): the lepromatoid lesions in mystacial vibrissae located site of injection.		1986	3316144
a cooperative taxonomic study of mycobacteria isolated from armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae.	seventeen strains of mycobacteria, recovered from six armadillos experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae, were examined in ten different laboratories. this collaborative study included use of conventional bacteriological tests, lipid analyses, determination of mycobactins and peptidoglycans, characterization by py-ms, and immunological, metabolic, pathological and dna studies. these armadillo-derived mycobacteria (adm) formed five homogeneous groups (numbered adm 1 to 5) on the basis o ...	1986	3305778
concepts behind the development of multiple drug therapy regimens in leprosy.		1986	3301333
[genetic component of the immune response to mycobacterium leprae in healthy subjects].		1986	3306256
abilities of human oligodendroglial cells and mouse schwann cells to phagocytose mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria.	human oligodendroglial kg-1-c cells derived from human cerebral mixed glioma and mouse schwann cells derived from dorsal root ganglion were studied with respect to their abilities to phagocytose various mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium leprae, and other microorganisms. kg-1-c cells phagocytosed m. leprae at a markedly higher rate than balb/3t3, bhk 21, hela s3, mks-a tu-7, xc, tsv-5, n-18, and schwann cells but at a lower rate than peritoneal macrophages. schwann cells also exhibited subst ...	1986	3510165
mechanisms of phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria by human oligodendroglial cells.	the mechanisms by which human oligodendroglial cells, kg-1-c cells, phagocytose mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium leprae, were studied. the ability of glial cells to phagocytose m. leprae was inhibited by azide, dinitrophenol (inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation), and iodoacetamide but not fluoride (both are inhibitors of glycolysis). thus, the energy metabolism dependency is somewhat different from that of peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the phagocytic capaciti ...	1986	3510167
human t-cell clones recognize a major m. leprae protein antigen expressed in e. coli.	leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. as with other intracellular parasites, protective immunity is dependent on t cells and cell-mediated immunity. in animal models, immunization with killed armadillo-derived m. leprae elicits strong t-cell responses, delayed-type hypersensitivity and protection against viable challenge. we have recently shown that killed m. leprae can induce delayed-type hypersensitivity in healthy human volunteers. identification of the m. le ...	1986	3510397
leprosy vaccine.		1986	3510399
strain variations in the murine cellular immune response to the phenolic glycolipid i antigen of mycobacterium leprae.	the cellular immune response to the mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid i was examined in inbred mice immunized with m. leprae by in vivo delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. whereas all mouse strains responded to m.leprae-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte proliferation, only balb.k was responsive in both assays to the glycolipid. responsiveness was determined in part by non-h-2 genes, while the influence of h-2 genes was not ...	1986	3510979
characterization of the anti-neural antibodies in the sera of leprosy patients.	sera from 43 leprosy patients were tested for antibodies that bound to normal human nerve. thirty-eight percent showed positive staining as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. only 1 out of 30 control sera tested displayed similar staining. western blots of myelin and neural intermediate filament (if) proteins were tested with patient sera. two of the anti-neural antibody (aneab)-positive leprosy sera bound to the p0 protein of pns myelin. all 17 aneab-positive leprosy sera displayed 2 ...	1986	3511085
electron microscopy of mycobacterium leprae in cutaneous nerve components.	cutaneous nerves in lepromatous lesions from ninety-six patients were observed by electron microscopy. the regenerative process of myelinated fibers was evident within lepromatous tissues. intact or degenerative forms of mycobacterium leprae were surrounded by the electron transparent substance within the axoplasm and schwann cell cytoplasm. in contrast, the microenvironment of m. leprae in macrophages was characterized with fusing lysosomes and foamy structures. these results suggest that the e ...	1986	3512184
quantitation of the phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium leprae and relevance to glycolipid antigenemia in leprosy.	chemical and immunologic procedures have been developed for quantitation, in the body fluids of patients with leprosy, of phenolic glycolipid i, the major specific antigen of the leprosy bacillus. serum samples were extracted with chcl3/ch3oh and fractionated on columns of silicic acid. thin-layer chromatography with a sensitivity of about 500 ng allowed detection of the glycolipid in untreated lepromatous and borderline patients, and high-pressure liquid chromatography gave a quantitation of 0. ...	1986	3512732
interleukin-1 released by blood-monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with leprosy.	in highly purified blood-monocyte-derived macrophages collected from patients with leprosy and from healthy individuals and cultured in vitro with mycobacterial antigens such as mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium leprae, we nonspecifically induced the synthesis of interleukin-1. normally, all supernatants from cultured macrophages of all subjects tested produced similar amounts of interleukin-1. however, only in patients with lepromatous leprosy, m. leprae, but not bcg, induced high-level ...	1986	3514458
deficiency of cell mediated immunity in leprosy.		1986	3515353
the immunobiology of leprosy.	leprosy, a chronic infectious disease of man, is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium m. leprae. infection with m. leprae affects the peripheral nerves and the dermis, causing an accumulation of macrophages and other immune cells at the infected sites. host resistance to the bacterium determines the extent of local inflammatory reactions and its resulting damage to the affected tissues. in lepromatous disease little if any cellular immunity develops. bacterial multiplication is uncontr ...	1986	3516911
the number of mycobacterium leprae in the pretreatment biopsy-specimen does not determine the rate of response of patients with lepromatous leprosy to chemotherapy with acedapsone.		1986	3517535
secondary dapsone-resistant leprosy in brazil: a preliminary report.		1986	3517536
m. leprae phagocytosis and its association with membrane changes in macrophages from leprosy patients.	abnormal phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae by macrophages of lepromatous patients was demonstrated under various conditions. the largest proportion of macrophages with an excessive bacterial load belonged to the lepromatous group of patients. lepromatous macrophages treated with cytochalasin b, an inhibitor of phagocytosis, exhibited a significantly lower degree of ingestion of heat-killed organisms whereas uptake of 'viable' organisms was not affected to the same extent. regulation of phagoc ...	1986	3517765
evaluation of the origin of mycobacterium leprae infections in the wild armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-1) antigen of mycobacterium leprae and cross-reactive antisera specific for human igm was developed to detect igm antibodies to m. leprae in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). statistical definitions for positive and negative interpretations in the elisa were developed by screening animals recently captured and experimentally inoculated with m. leprae. the elisa was shown to have high sensitivity and ...	1986	3518509
chemical synthesis of disaccharides of the specific phenolic glycolipid antigens from mycobacterium leprae and of related sugars.	o-(3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,-di-o-methyl-l -rhamnopyranose, which is the nonreducing disaccharide of the haptenic trisaccharide of the mycobacterium leprae-specific, phenolic glycolipid i, o-(6-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3-di-o-methyl-l-rhamn opyranose, the nonreducing end of the specific, phenolic glycolipid iii, and the nonhaptenic o-beta-(d-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3-di-o-methyl-l-rhamnopyranose++ +, were synthesized in relatively good yield from 3 ...	1986	3518927
preliminary study of a mycobacterium leprae bacterin vaccine in a human volunteer population in a nonendemic area.	seventeen volunteers who had never resided in areas with significant transmission of leprosy (hansen's disease) were inoculated intradermally with 1.5 x 10(8) killed, purified armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae in a standardized preparation being tested for possible vaccine use. the peak of local skin responses, consisting of induration with or without ulceration similar to the post-lepromin mitsuda reaction, occurred between the 21st and 28th days after injection. the maximum mean induratio ...	1986	3519481
adenosine triphosphate content of mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue by percoll buoyant density centrifugation.	a buoyant density centrifugation procedure using percoll was developed for the isolation and purification of mycobacterium leprae from experimentally infected armadillo liver tissue. the method separates the bacteria from host adenosine triphosphate (atp) and tissue debris and recovers 20-25% of the bacteria within 2-2 1/2 hours under controlled conditions. the mean atp content (585 pg/10(6] of the purified bacteria was similar to cultivable bacteria. the organisms did not leak intracellular atp ...	1986	3519794
susceptibility of strains of mycobacterium leprae isolated prior to 1977 from patients with previously untreated lepromatous leprosy.	because of the recent spate of reports of primary resistance to dapsone among patients with lepromatous leprosy, largely to small concentrations of the drug, a survey was made of the results of dapsone-susceptibility testing of strains of mycobacterium leprae isolated before 1977 among six laboratories which employed the mouse foot pad technique for this work prior to that time. data have been found for strains that had been isolated from 73 patients, representing 19 countries and dependencies, ...	1986	3519796
[sulfone-resistance of mycobacterium leprae--monotherapy with diaminodiphenylsulfone--the value of triple-drug combinations].	while the emergence of drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae was foreseen and known for a long time, it is now presented as a tragedy jeopardizing leprosy control through monotherapy. this resistance has been mainly reported in the united states. it is not observed in other parts of the world. in our opinion, the unfavorable observations made at present result from an incorrect implementation of dapsone (dds) therapy in the patients, resulting in low sulfone blood levels, as a consequence of t ...	1986	3519797
a more malignant course of leprosy infection in armadillos after inoculation with sonicated suspension of mycobacterium leprae.		1986	3519798
xenograft studies in leprous neuropathy.		1986	3519799
in vitro assessment of endothelial cell response to mycobacterium leprae.		1986	3519800
clofazimine-resistant m. leprae.		1986	3519801
relapse rates in lepromatous leprosy according to treatment regularity.	in gudiyatham taluk, south india, 1008 lepromatous (ll) and borderline lepromatous (bl) patients were studied. they had previously been smear positive, had attained smear negativity, and continued on dds monotherapy. "relapse" was defined as the reappearance of mycobacterium leprae in skin smears. the area is endemic for leprosy. the lower relapse rates in the first three years of smear negativity alone were associated with more-regular treatment during both past smear positivity and smear negat ...	1986	3519802
sensitization studies with potential leprosy vaccine preparations in northern malawi.	this paper describes a comparison between bcg alone and two different doses of killed mycobacterium leprae, with or without bcg, in stimulating skin-test sensitivity to two different soluble antigens prepared from m. leprae. skin test conversion was assessed three months after vaccination. significant rates of skin test conversion were stimulated by each of the vaccines to both skin test antigens, but the observed conversion rates differed markedly as measured by the two antigens. all of the vac ...	1986	3519803
immunohistological analysis of skin reaction to my1 derived from mycobacterium leprae.	a study was made on the in situ characteristics of dermal infiltrates in a 24-hr skin reaction using monoclonal antibodies defining t-cell subsets, ia-like antigens, langerhans' cells, my1, and indirect immunofluorescence. the skin reaction was induced by the mycobacterial antigen my1 derived from mycobacterium leprae. in all, 10 biopsies were studied. the infiltrates were composed of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. the predominant lymphocytes in the infiltrates were activated t ly ...	1986	3519804
icrc vaccine-induced changes in m. leprae-specific cell-mediated immunity in langur (presbytis entellus) monkeys.	the effects of the administration of icrc antileprosy vaccine on skin reactions and lymphocyte transformation tests (ltt) to antigens of mycobacterium leprae have been investigated in hanuman langur monkeys (presbytis entellus) which live native to north india. in a majority of these monkeys, the vaccine brings about lepromin conversion associated with a change in tissue response consistent with "ugrading" of immunity. however, no concomitant changes were observed in the ltt. the significance of ...	1986	3519805
an ultrastructural study of the response of traumatized rabbit tibial nerve to epineurial infection with mycobacterium leprae.	crushed rabbit tibial nerves were inoculated with a suspension of living mycobacterium leprae at and just distal to the site of nerve trauma. the resulting changes occurring over a period of time from 40 min to 72 hr post-inoculation were studied electron microscopically. bacilli were seen in perineurial cells and in macrophages that had infiltrated the perineurium adjacent to epineurial deposits of m. leprae. it is suggested that trauma may weaken the perineurial barrier and facilitate the tran ...	1986	3519806
macrophage membrane alterations in leprosy as determined by change in sialic acid level.	the level of sialic acid removable by neuraminidase from macrophages of bacteriologically-positive lepromatous leprosy (b(+)ll) patient is extremely low, compared to macrophages from tuberculoid leprosy patients or normal individuals. on the other hand macrophages from long term treated bacteriologically-negative lepromatous leprosy (b(-)ll) patients show a much higher level of sialic acid. this higher level is drastically reduced when these macrophages from (b(-)ll) patients are allowed to phag ...	1986	3519974
antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-1 and to whole mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients: evolution during therapy.	sera from 92 patients were tested by the elisa method for the presence of igm antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-1) of mycobacterium leprae, and of both igm and igg antibodies to the whole m. leprae bacillus. all untreated lepromatous patients exhibited high antibody levels in all three assays. a sharp decline of igm antibodies to pgl-1 and whole m. leprae was observed during the first two years of therapy, while igg antibodies to whole m. leprae showed a progressive decrease only over a n ...	1986	3522769
superiority of the neonatally thymectomized lewis rat (ntlr) to monitor a clinical trial in lepromatous leprosy of the two regimens of rifampin and dapsone.	the ability of the neonatally thymectomized lewis rat (ntlr) and the congenitally athymic (nude) rat systems to detect low numbers of viable mycobacterium leprae in tissues from lepromatous leprosy patients undergoing short-course chemotherapy was compared with that of the commonly employed mouse foot pad assay. fifteen previously untreated lepromatous patients were randomly assigned to treatment regimens of either a single initial 1500 mg dose of rifampin plus daily doses of 100 mg of dapsone, ...	1986	3522770
prophylactic/therapeutic effects and induction of reversal reactions with thymus transplantation in mycobacterium leprae-infected nude mice.	the study results indicated that thymus transplantation was effective in suppressing the growth of mycobacterium leprae in the nude mouse, and also suggested that thymus transplantation was effective as immunotherapy of experimental leprosy in nude mice. the histopathological findings revealed the induction of reversal reactions in those animals receiving thymus transplants.	1986	3522771
lysis of m. leprae by macrophages in vitro.		1986	3522773
a multifactorial culture medium with growth factors from leprosy-derived mycobacteria proposed in cultivation trials for mycobacterium leprae.		1986	3522774
[histopathology of leprosy. study of more than 2300 biopsies].	2,326 biopsies on moroccan subjects suffering of leprosy had been studied in 4 years. after a critical study of histopathologic diagnosis and the classifications, the authors studied especially the lepromatous granuloma, its evolution during treatment and the lepromatous reactions. defining histologically a reactional background, they make a certain generalisation among all the types of reactions observed in lepromatous patients.	1986	3524877
induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity in human volunteers immunized with a candidate leprosy vaccine consisting of killed mycobacterium leprae.	a killed armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae vaccine was examined for its ability to induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response in purified protein derivative (ppd)-positive human volunteers living in a leprosy non-endemic country. four groups of individuals aged between 23 and 28 years were given 1.5 x 10(7), 5 x 10(7), 1.5 x 10(8) and 5 x 10(8)m. leprae intradermally. a marked increase in reactivity to the m. leprae-derived skin test antigen (mlsa) was observed in the vaccinated ...	1986	3524883
the influence of killed mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria on opsonized yeast phagocytosis.	the influence of killed mycobacteria on the metabolic burst associated with phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan by normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnl) or monocytes was studied by chemiluminescence (cl) measurements. m. leprae reproducibly reduced the peak and total cl of both types of phagocyte to a small, but highly significant extent. electron microscopy showed that m. leprae were phagocytosed: cells with ingested or adherent m. leprae phagocytosed fewer zymosan particles. m. leprae ...	1986	3524918
igm and igg antibodies to phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae in leprosy: insight into patient monitoring, erythema nodosum leprosum, and bacillary persistence.	serum igm and igg antibodies against mycobacterium leprae-derived phenolic glycolipid i (pg) were determined in leprosy patients, contacts, and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). anti-pg igm levels increased from the tuberculoid (tt) to the lepromatous (ll) pole of the disease spectrum. there was a positive linear correlation between anti-pg igm and bacillary index (bi). patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) had lower levels of serum anti-pg igm than non-enl patients ...	1986	3528312
on difficulties in reporting and interpreting sfg index.		1986	3528334
presence of "difficult to isolate" mycobacteria in armadillos.	contrary to the findings with armadillos from louisiana and texas, armadillos from florida are free of natural leprosy-like infection. examination of ear clip, nasal, blood buffy coat, liver and spleen of inoculated armadillos from florida did not reveal the presence of any acid fast bacteria. however, using massive inocula, 6 out of 77 armadillo tissues were found to contain very negligible proportions of cultivable mycobacteria. the significance of these isolates in relation to m. leprae and a ...	1986	3528335
study of amplitude frequency spectra of the compound action potentials recorded from normal and m. leprae infected mice using fourier series analysis.	compound action potentials recorded from normal and m. leprae infected mice sciatic nerves were analysed in frequency domain using fourier series analysis. changes in myelinated fibre potentials were detected as early as 2nd post-inoculation month. this technique could be further developed to aid in early diagnosis of leprosy.	1986	3528337
supervised administration of multidrug therapy in leprosy colonies through volunteers--a bacteriological assessment.		1986	3528338
immunity to leprosy. iv. murine t-cell proliferative responses to mycobacteria.	the nature of antigens shared between mycobacterium leprae and other species of mycobacteria has been examined using a murine t-cell proliferation assay. mice were immunized with different mycobacteria, and lymph node cultures were prepared one week later and challenged with m. leprae antigen. the 13 species of mycobacteria tested as antigens in this assay revealed that several species shared antigens in common with m. leprae as recognized by t-cell responses. c57bl/10j mice and congenic strains ...	1986	3528344
combined clofazimine- and dapsone-resistant leprosy. a case report.	a preliminary report is presented on the finding in a patient with lepromatous leprosy relapsing after maintaining clinical inactivity and bacterial negativity with dapsone monotherapy for a period of 23 years. interestingly, mycobacterium leprae from the fresh skin lesions revealed resistance to both clofazimine and dapsone by standard mouse foot pad testing.	1986	3528345
adoptive transfer of tolerance induced by icrc bacilli against mycobacterium leprae in mice.	icrc bacilli, the cultivable leprosy-derived mycobacteria, isolated from lepromatous nodules of leprosy patients were found to be immunogenic in balb/c mice at a dose of 2 x 10(7) acid-fast bacilli when injected by the intradermal (i.d.) route. the sensitization to lepromin and icrc antigens was measured by the foot pad enlargement (fpe) method. the same dose of bacilli when injected by intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes induced immune tolerance in mice as indicated by ...	1986	3528346
a random survey of leprosy in wild nine-banded armadillos in louisiana.	on the basis of the finding that lepromatous granulomas were almost always seen in the ears of armadillos with disseminated leprosy, a random survey of the prevalence of the disease among wild armadillos in the state of louisiana, u.s.a., was conducted by examining histopathologically both ears of armadillos killed on the roads by automobiles. ten (2%) of the 494 animals examined had disseminated leprosy. if a killed lepromatous armadillo releases up to 10 mycobacterium leprae into the environme ...	1986	3528348
purification of m. leprae isolated from human skin biopsies.		1986	3528349
immunoreactivity of a 70 kd protein purified from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.	the protein antigens from mycobacterium bovis (bcg), m. tuberculosis, and m. leprae share a number of common determinants. we have used a murine mab (l7) recognizing such a determinant on a protein of mr 70,000 to purify this antigen from m. bovis sonicate by affinity chromatography. enrichment of the protein in column eluates was confirmed by immunoblotting and in antigen inhibition assays. after radiolabelling with 125i, the protein could be immunoprecipitated with human lepromatous leprosy se ...	1986	3528377
a facile synthesis of 3,6-di-o-methyl-d-glucose.		1986	3530456
[hla and leprosy].	although there is now accumulating evidence that the host response to mycobacterium leprae is genetically controlled, the nature of the genetic component is still imprecise. case-control studies as well as family studies, in various populations, have shown that hla linked factors confer susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy respectively. recently, associations between gm allotypes and the disease have also been reported. further studies of the familial cosegregation of th ...	1986	3531989
delayed-type hypersensitivity in human volunteers immunized with a candidate leprosy vaccine.		1986	3533193
naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo: a decade of experience 1975-1985.	a decade has passed since our first report of naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. our studies and those of others during this period confirm the identification of the etiologic agent as mycobacterium leprae. confirmation is based on the results of histopathologic examination and microbiologic evaluations that included attempts to culture the organism, flourescent antibody studies, mycolic acid analysis, and dna determinations demonstrating complete relatedness between the na ...	1986	3534127
adherence of mycobacterium leprae to schwann cells in vitro.	adherence of mycobacterium leprae was studied in vitro in monolayer cultures of purified mouse schwann cells. the optimum temperature and time for adherence were determined. pretreatment of schwann cells with lipase reduced adherence, but pretreatment with trypsin enhanced it and with four monosaccharides--l-arabinose, l-galactose, l-rhamnose and d-glucose--there was no significant effect, indicating that the receptors involved in adherence may be lipid.	1986	3534276
two potential improvements to bcg and their effect on skin test reactivity in the lebanon.	an account of an ongoing project to assess the possible benefits of two additives to bcg vaccine is presented. these additives are suspensions of irradiation killed mycobacterium vaccae in one case, and m. leprae in the other. groups of children aged 7-17 living in zgharta and akkar districts of north lebanon have received vaccination with bcg alone or with either of the two additives since 1980. this region was chosen since contact with environmental mycobacteria is small, but both leprosy and ...	1986	3535188
thorns in armadillo ears and noses and their role in the transmission of leprosy.	both ears from 494 wild nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) and nose specimens from 224 animals were collected and histopathologically studied. lepromatous granulomas were present in the ear specimens of ten of 494 animals. there were thorns in the ears of 22.5% of animals, and in 36.6% of the nose specimens. in one armadillo, there was evidence to suggest that mycobacterium leprae entered the tissue through the thorn pricks. in the normal habitat of the armadillo in louisiana there ar ...	1986	3535729
catalases, peroxidases, and superoxide dismutases in mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	the five mycobacteria mycobacterium lepraemurium, m. leprae, m. bovis bcg, m. smegmatis, and m. intracellulare were studied. catalase and peroxidase activities were demonstrated in polyacrylamide and crossed immunoelectrophoresis gels for m. lepraemurium, m. intracellulare, and bcg, but not for m. leprae. peroxidase and catalase activities were associated with the same precipitate line in crossed immunoelectrophoresis for m. lepraemurium, m. intracellulare, and bcg, showing that in these mycobac ...	1986	3536745
mpb59, a widely cross-reacting protein of mycobacterium bovis bcg.	the mpb59 protein of mycobacterium bovis bcg was purified to homogeneity from culture fluid of bcg substrain tokyo, and characterized by biochemical and immunological techniques. the molecular weight was 28,000, determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the pi value was 5.3. the n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined for 32 steps and showed no significant homology with mpb64, mpb70 or mpb80. by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, mpb59 was found to belong to the bcg antigen 85 ...	1986	3536756
serodiagnosis of leprosy: relationships between antibodies to mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid i and protein antigens.	sera from leprosy patients and controls were assayed for immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies to the mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid i antigen (pg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for igg antibodies to m. leprae protein antigens by western immunoblot, and for antibodies to a 65-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen of m. leprae by a competition antibody binding assay. elevated levels of anti-pg igm were seen in lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients, and elevated ...	1986	3537003
the cellular responses of tuberculosis and leprosy patients and of healthy controls in skin tests to 'new tuberculin' and leprosin a.	the density and distribution of t4 and t8 lymphocytes and of monocyte/macrophages at the site of skin tests with mycobacterial antigens was studied in pulmonary tuberculosis and leprosy patients and in healthy controls. most of the inflammatory cells were located in perivascular and periappendicular foci in the dermis: the percentage of the dermis occupied by focal infiltrate was unrelated to the clinical measurement of the area of induration. there was a less intense diffuse infiltrate in the d ...	1986	3539419
lipase activity in mycobacterium leprae--an indicator of metabolic function.	presence of lipase, in mycobacterium leprae obtained from human nodules and infected armadillo tissues, has been detected by demonstrating the ability of the bacteria to hydrolyze tributyrin. this capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites. the activity is blocked by anti m. leprae drug rifampicin. it is concluded that expression of lipase activity is a metabolic event of m. leprae, while they are maintaine ...	1986	3540141
sciatic nerve in experimental leprosy.	swiss albino mice were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patients. histopathological study of sciatic nerves showed no abnormality. however a few free acid fast bacilli (afb) were detected in the sciatic nerves taken from the inoculated limbs during the early stages of infection, suggesting the nerve-fibre route of travel as seen in humans in experimental leprosy, too.	1986	3540142
adcc function in mycobacterium leprae inoculated normal and immunosuppressed mice.	normal and immunosuppressed mice were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patients. besides monitoring the afb counts in the footpads at 3,6 and 9 months post inoculation, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) function was studied. the adcc function seen to be largely unaltered in the m. leprae infected animals, comparable to the observation made in human leprosy.	1986	3540143
mycobacterium leprae: metabolically competent, but microbe-dependent; indications for in vitro cultivation.		1986	3540144
circulating immune complexes in normal and immunosuppressed mice infected with mycobacterium leprae.	mycobacterium leprae infection was produced through the footpads in normal and immunosuppressed mice. circulating immune complexes were detected by specific binding test and by conglutinin binding assay for specific and total immune complexes respectively in the sera of these mice during different periods of infection. out of the total 30 samples tested from the infected groups, 3 were positive by specific binding test and 5 by conglutinin binding elisa. the implications of the findings in relat ...	1986	3572093
is phenolic glycolipid-1 specific for mycobacterium leprae?		1986	3572110
structure of mycobacterium leprae.		1986	3573941
simplification and standardization of serodiagnostic tests for leprosy based on phenolic glycolipid-i (pg-i) antigen.		1986	3573946
development of a dot-elisa for detection of leprosy antigenuria under field conditions.		1986	3573947
a dot enzyme immunoassay for detection of igm antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-i in sera from leprosy patients.	a visual dipstick dot enzyme immunoassay (eia) for diagnosis of leprosy is described. the assay is based on detection of igm antibodies against phenolic glycolipid (pgl-i) in sera from leprosy patients. the antigen (pgl-i or synthetic disaccharide of pgl-i) was dotted on a nitrocellulose pad stuck on a plastic strip (dipstick). sera were used at a dilution of 1:200. peroxidase coupled mouse anti-human igm monoclonal antibodies were used as the conjugate. a positive test gave a blue dot against a ...	1986	3543160
demonstration of leprosy bacilli in the eyes of experimentally infected armadillos: a comparison of five melanin bleaching methods.		1986	3543588
survey of primary dapsone-resistant leprosy.		1986	3321049
[drug resistance of mycobacterium leprae].		1986	3551466
[vaccination against leprosy].		1986	3551467
[dynamics of establishing resistance of m. leprae to dapsone and rifampicin in martinique].		1986	3551468
[inadequate rifampicin treatment in multibacillary leprosy and the incubation time of relapse].		1986	3551469
[immunogenetics of leprosy].		1986	3551470
the "hansen-anergic fringe".	the hansen-anergic fringe ("haf") of the population is the minority genetically incapable of developing that variety of specific immunity to myco. hansenii which leads to the positivity of the mitsuda reaction. in spite of the fact that the haf was identified as early as 1937, its real proportion in the human species is still not exactly known. considering that myco. tuberculosis has been proved to induce mitsuda-positivity in the genetically capable majority, studies with the tuberculin reactio ...	1986	3551473
[antibacterial chemotherapy in leprosy: principles, objectives and recommendations].		1986	3551474
a comparative study of the efficacy of who and ial multidrug therapy regimens for leprosy--an in-vivo and in-vitro study.	in the absence of definite evidence on utility of intensive therapy with rifampicin in multibacillary leprosy cases, a laboratory based investigation was undertaken basically to compare the efficacy of who and ial regimens. in each group 4 untreated bl-ll patients were included and their skin biopsies were subjected for viability test both in vitro and in vivo systems. a consistant fall in bi with good clinical improvement was observed in both the groups. however good viability was maintained ti ...	1986	3553361
multiple relapses in borderline leprosy--a case report.	a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy with a history of 5 years duration of disease, was first seen in 1971 and treated with graded doses of dapsone in the op clinic of the institute. he became inactive and bacteriologically negative in 3 years. while continuing on dapsone therapy he relapsed into active dapsone resistant leprosy 3 1/2 years later. he was admitted in the hospital and given rifampicin 600 mg. daily for 15 days along with dapsone 100 mg. daily. he again became inactive and bact ...	1986	3553362
on the "culture medium for cultivation of m. leprae" published by dr. laszlo kato.		1986	3553363
bacillaemia in smear negative leprosy.		1986	3553364
obligate intracellular parasites do not synthesize atp.		1986	3553365
the contribution of charles c. shepard to leprosy research: from the mouse footpad model to new dna technology.		1986	3553793
the specificity of the immunodeficiency in lepromatous leprosy.		1986	3553795
anti-mycobacterial antibodies in saliva.		1986	3553796
cloning of mycobacterium leprae genes in streptomyces.		1986	3553797
the development of a vaccination model using two microorganisms and its application in leprosy and leishmaniasis.		1986	3553799