Publications

systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer.	the data reviewed in this conference suggest that initial therapeutic decisions for patients with metastic breast cancer be based on the presence or absence of an estrogen receptor in the tumor. patients with estrogen receptor in their original primary breast cancer or in a subsequent metastitic lesion are candidates for hormonal manipulation, whereas patients lacking estrogen receptor in their tumor are treated for their metastic disease with nonhormonal chemotherapy. nonhormonal therapy usuall ...	1977	835932
susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes to seventeen antibiotics.	the in vitro susceptibility of 96 isolates of propionibacterium acnes to 17 antibiotics was determined by utilizing an agar dilution technique. with the exception of the aminoglycosides, these organisms are susceptible to virtually all of the commonly used antimicrobial agents.	1977	836012
isolation and identification of fecal bacteria from adult swine.	an examination of the fecal microflora of adult swine was made with regard to the efficiency of several roll tube media in enumeration and recovery of anaerobes, the effects of medium constituents on recovery, and the isolation and identification of the predominant kinds of bacteria. total number of organisms by microscopic bacterial counts varied among fecal samples from 4.48 x 10(10) to 7.40 x 10(10) bacteria/g (wet weight). comparison of different nonselective roll tube media indicated that a ...	1977	836025
intravenous corynebacterium parvum: an adjunct to chemotherapy for resistant advanced ovarian cancer.	this is a prelimianry report of an effort to treat women with advanced (stage iii and iv) ovarian cancer who had progressive disease in spite of previous surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation by a program of reductive surgery, intensive immune stimulation and combination chemotherapy. an initial laparotomy was done where possible to reduce tumor burden, and then all patients were given intravenous corynebacterium parvum (c.p.) in escalating doses over a 10- to 14-day period. cyclic chemotherapy ...	1977	837334
in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of adriamycin and daunomycin for murine macrophages.	in virto exposure of murine lymphoma cells to adriamycin and daunomycin (dm) for 24 hr resulted in comparable cytotoxicity as assessed by viable cell counts and inhibition of dna synthesis. the spontaneous dna synthesis of spleen lymphocytes in vitro was also equally affected by the two agents. however, when the in vitro effects of the two drugs on macrophage monolayers were investigated, dm was found to be at least four times more toxic than am. in vivo-administered dm was more suppressive than ...	1977	837378
chemoattractant properties of corynebacterium parvum and pyran copolymer for human monocytes and neutrophils.	both pyran copolymer and the burroughs-wellcome vaccine of corynebacterium parvum were able to elicit a migratory response by human neutrophils or monocytes when incubated with serum. however, in the absence of serum, neither agent elicited such a response. the generation of the chemotactic factor by pyran was dependent on heat-labile components in the serum, while suggested involvement of the complement sequence. conversely, the migratory response of c. parvum in heated serum was equivalent to ...	1977	839571
the influence of nonspecific immunotherapy on the course of murine melanoma.	bcg, corynebacterium parvum, vitamin a, and levamisole were continuously administered to c57 bl/6 mice bearing b16 melanoma prior to, with following tumor implantation as well as before and coincident with surgical excision of the implanted tumor. only the group given levamisole prophylactically for 8 weeks before tumor inplantation showed a significant difference from control mice but a tenfold increase in dosage in this drug did not exert a comparable effect.	1977	839793
corynebacterium parvum and cyclophosphamide as combination treatment for a murine mammary adenocarcinoma.	weekly i.p. injections of killed corynebacterium parvum and of cyclophosphamide (given on different days) strongly inhibited growth of a transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma. a significant portion (40 to 80%) of animals could be made tumor free by means of combined therapy. no tumor-free survivors were obtained with c. parvum alone, and tumor-free mice were obtained with cyclophosphamide alone only at the expense of a high incidence of deaths due to drug toxicity. no evidence of tumor re ...	1977	844041
[susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].	the in vitro susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of 272 anaerobes, most of which were recent clinical isolated, was determined by broth dilution tests, with chloramphenicol, 133 anaerobic gram-negative non-sporing rods (48 bacteroides fragilis, 13 b. thetaiotaomicron, 14 b. oralis, 16 sphaerophorus varius etc.) had mic values of 0.03 through 16 microng/ml. very similar results (mic, 0.06-16 microng/ml) were obtained with thiamphenicol. in concentrations of 4 microng/ml or less ch ...	1977	848218
anaerobic bacteria in otitis media.	anaerobic bacteria, peptostrepotococcus intermedius and propionibacterium acnes, were found in mixed culture specimens from four to ten tested cases of chronic secretory otitis media. these anaerobic bacteria were in a mixed infection flora with aerobic bacteria most often staphylococcus epidermidis and cornybacterium sp. which do not fit any established species. the findings of anaerobic bacteria in otitis media is consistent with the sporadic report of the involvement of anaerobic bacteria in ...	1977	848830
increased spreading of macrophages from mice treated with interferon inducers.		1977	849607
radiolabelling of corynebacterium parvum and its distribution in mice.	corynebacterium parvum was labelled by growing live bacteria in the presence of [3h]thymidine. the bacteria were killed by formalin, washed thoroughly and resuspended at a concentration of 7 mg dry weight/ml. an activity of 1-6 x 10(5) ct/min/0-1 ml was obtained. the biological properties (inhibition of tumour growth and hepatosplenomegaly) of the labelled c. parvum were compared with those of commercially available vaccine, and were found to be similar. labelled c. parvum was injected i.v., i.p ...	1977	851511
immunology of lung cancer.		1977	852345
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole and routine susceptibility testing by standardized methods.	a total of 114 strains of anaerobic bacteria were examined for their susceptibility to metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration in different media. all strains, with the exception of the isolates of propionibacterium acnes, were inhibited by 3.1 mug each and killed by 6.3 mug each of all three nitroimidazole compounds per ml. no significant differences in mic values were found among metronidazole, orn ...	1977	856015
effects of c. parvum on growth and induction of intracerebral tumours in mice.	an investigation was made into the effect of corynebacterium parvum therapy on cerebral tumours in mice. i.v. c. parvum caused a slight but significant increase in the survival of balb/c mice injected intracerebrally (i.c.) with not more than 50 meth a cells. c. parvum was most effective if given on the same day or 5 days after tumour. if this interval was increased there was no effect. multiple i.v. injections were no more effective than a single dose. i.v. c. parvum had no influence on the sur ...	1977	857825
serological changes associated with c. parvum treatment in nude mice.		1977	861151
effect of c. parvum and active specific immunotherapy on intracerebral transplants of a murine fibrosarcoma.		1977	861152
combined treatment with anaerobic corynebacterium liquefaciens and chemotherapeutics against solid tumor in mice.	the combined effect of anticancer agents (mitomycin-c, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil) and anaerobic corynebacterium liquefaciens on subcutaneously induced solid ehrlich carcinoma in mice was examined. mitomycin-c and cyclophosphamide were given intraperitoneally on day 7 after inoculation of tumor cells. 5-fluorouracil was administered intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days from day 9 to 15. c. liquefaciens was given in two ways, intraperitoneally and intratumorally. its injections were ...	1977	863171
an analysis of the factors allowing promotion (rather than inhibition) of tumour growth by corynebacterium parvum.	the following factors were found to determine whether c. parvum (cp) treatment promoted rather than inhibited the growth of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cells injected into cba mice. (1) the dose of tumour cells. promotion occurred only with low doses, around the td50. (2) the route of injection of cp. greater promotion was caused by intravenous (iv) than by subcutaneous (sc) administration. addition of irradiated tumour cells to sc cp resulted in tumour inhibition. (3) the dose of cp ...	1977	863546
effect of corynebacterium parvum, methanol-extraction residue of bcg, and levamisole on macrophage random migration, chemotaxis, and pinocytosis.	three parameters of macrophage function: random migration, chemotaxis, and pinocytosis, were studied in the guinea pig after administration of corynebacterium parvum, methanol-extraction residue of bcg, and levamisole (lms), a synthetic anthelmintic. macrophage migration studies were performed with a modified boyden chamber. pinocytosis was assessed by the uptake of colloidal 198au. after ip administration, each of the three immunostimulators induced an increase in macrophage chemotactic respons ...	1977	864753
the distribution and persistence in vivo of corynebacterium parvum in relation to its antitumor activity.	killed corynebacterium parvum was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate or 125i, and both preparations were shown to retain lymphoreticular stimulatory and antitumor activity. large amounts of c. parvum injected i.v. were found in the liver, spleen, and lungs with less in bone marrow and lymph nodes. apart from a rapid loss from the lungs within 24 hr, the persistence of killed c. parvum was striking, and some intact bacteria were still detectable in the liver and spleen at 15 days. (by contra ...	1977	870181
antibody to corynebacterium parvum in normal human and animal sera.	using a microtiter bacterial agglutination test, we have estimated antibodies to corynebacterium parvum in "normal" human and "normal" and immune animal sera. widely differing levels of c. parvum antibodies were found in the normal human sera. the median titer for all 310 human sera was 1:128, whereas that for the 1- to 17-year and 18- to 50-year subgroups was 1:64 and 1:512, respectively. antibody titers in the various animal species were generally much lower.	1977	870426
comparative effect of anaerobic coryneforms on a murine melanoma.	ten strains of anaerobic corynebacteria were compared in their effect on survival of c57bl/6 mice, bearing subcutaneously inoculated b16 melanomas. the corynebacterial suspensions were injected intralesionally twice weekly for five injections. significant permanent tumor regression was not obtained. significant prolongation of survival was observed in mice treated with seven of the corynebacterial strains.	1977	872039
cell-mediated immunity and serum blocking factors in cancer patients during chemotherapy and immunotherapy.	the leukocyte adherence inhibition test was used to monitor tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity in 15 patients who had a variety of malignant tumors and were undergoing chemotherapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy by corynebacterium parvum. a rapid and prolonged loss of cell-mediated immunity in blood leukocytes was observed after treatment in all but one of the patients studied. abolition of reactivity was due to the lack of production of the soluble lymphokine-like factor affectin ...	1977	872076
separation and characterization of epithelial cells from prostates and prostatic carcinomas: a review.	our investigation of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostatic tissue during the past 2 1/2 years has produced several findings which have been published or accepted for publication. (a) cells from hamster prostates with intense histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase activity (hdap) after fixation with formaldehyde which we believe to be epithelial cells can be obtained in 97.2% +/- 0.8% purity by velocity sedimentation in a previously described isokinetic density gradient; (b) simil ...	1977	872127
immunological response in patients receiving corynebacterium parvum therapy.		1977	872468
corynebacterium parvum-induced radiosensitivity and cycling changes of hematopoietic spleen colony-forming units.	ten days after total-body irradiation with 550 rads of b0co, spleen colonies were observed in adult c57bl mice. a change in radiosensitivity induced by corynebacterium parvum, as measured by increased numbers of colony-forming units that survived the 550 rads, began shortly after c. parvum stimulation and extended for at least 7 days before irradiation. c. parvum given 4-24 hours before, followed by high specific activity [3h]thymidine (hsatt) 1 hour before total-body irradiation greatly reduced ...	1977	875052
propionibacterium acnes meningitis in a previously normal adult.	a 25-year-old man was previously healthy until he contracted acute propionibacterium acnes meningitis. comparison with previous reports of de novo diphtheroid meningitis suggests that this entity can appear with features that are not characteristic of acute bacterial meningitis, including (1) stroke-like syndromes, (2) an afebrile course, and (3) a cerebrospinal fluid with a mononuclear pleocytosis and normal glucose level. the appropriate choice and dosage of antimicrobial agent must be guided ...	1977	879934
modulation of host immune response against the l2c guinea pig leukemia.		1977	885264
host immunological mechanisms in the resistance of mice to leptospiral infections.	several serovars of leptospira virulent for hamsters and guinea pigs caused acute lethal leptospirosis in mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. neither bcg vaccine nor corynebacterium parvum suspension influenced the course of leptospiral infection in either immunosuppressed or normal balb/c mice. nude athymic mice produced anti-leptospiral antibody and were therefore resistant to infection with leptospires. nude mice were made susceptible with cyclophosphamide but were immune if they had ...	1977	885617
an adenylate cyclase of brain reflects propensity for breast cancer in mice.	high propensity for breast cancer in mice was associated with low dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the brain, low spontaneous motorization, and low motor responses to injections of the catecholamine precursor, l-dopa.	1977	887942
intravascular coagulation resulting from intravenous injection of c. parvum in mice.	in mice, i.v. c. parvum induces intravascular coagulation. this is a prolonged reaction lasting up to 7 days. it results in thrombosis in hepatic vessels with consequent hepatic necrosis, and thrombosis in pulmonary and splenic vessels. this may be important in the assessment of the tumour-inhibitory activity of c. parvum.	1977	889682
mechanism of the anti-tumour effect of glucans and fructosans: a comparison with c. parvum.	the anti-tumour activity induced by glucans (lentinan, yeast cell walls, pseudonigeran, dextran, deae-dextran and dextran sulphate) and fructosans (levan and carboxymethyl-levan) was compared with the activity of c. parvum. the following effects on tumour systems in cba mice were assayed: (a) adjuvant activity on the immune response against tumour-specific transplantation antigens (tsta) with a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma; (b) cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages against rad ...	1977	889684
comparative study of corynebacterium parvum and corynebacterium liquefaciens on antitumor activity against sarcoma-180.	corynebacterium parvum and corynebacterium liquefaciens were comparatively examined for their antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 in ddy mice. in the case of ascitic form, significant antitumor effect was observed when c. parvum was administered on days -4 and -2 or day -2. as for solid form, maximal effect was obtained when c. parvum was administered on day 0. on the other hand, c. liquefaciens exhibited maximal antitumor activity against sarcoma-180, both in ascitic and solid forms, when it ...	1977	892298
effect of immunomodulators on effector cells involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: brief communication.	the effect of four immunomodulators (bcg, corynebacterium parvum, pyran copolymer, and levamisole) on the cellular arm of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) was investigated in mice with 51cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes employed as targets. all these drugs, except levamisole, stimulated the effector cells of adcc in the spleen, but the kinetics of their effect differed. stimulation of the effector cells of adcc peaked on day 15 after injection of bcg and c. parvum and on day 7 afte ...	1977	894742
combined radiotherapy and corynebacterium parvum treatment of a murine fibrosarcoma.	a single dose of corynebacterium parvum (cp) at 70 microgram, 175 microgram or 350 microgram was effective in suppressing the growth of a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma and occasionally in inducing complete regression and in prolonging the survival time of c3h/hej tumor-bearing mice. a single exposure of x rays at 2,000 rads induced some complete regression, but a higher number of complete regressions was induced by combined x-ray and cp treatment. in the combined x-ray and cp treatment, cp given on ...	1977	897175
bacteriology of cholesteatoma: clinical significance.		1977	898521
[effect of corynebacterium parvum on various viral infections in the mouse].		1977	900789
local control and disease-free survival after treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma by corynebacterium parvum and local irradiation.		1977	908026
efficacy of corynebacterium parvum treatment of mice with sarcoma growing in normal or irradiated tissue.		1977	908052
increase of phagocytic activity and new appearance of a c4b (guinea pig) recognizing capability in peritoneal macrophages from corynebacterium parvum and thioglycollate-stimulated mice.	activated mouse macrophages displayed enhanced phagocytic activity towards particles opsonized with igg antibody and homologous c3. in addition, they were able to recognize guinea pig c4b. it is concluded that activated macrophages develop phagocytically active receptors for heterologous c4b.	1977	917013
investigations on prostatic adenocarcinomas in rats.	metastatic prostate adenocarcinomas, derived from aging germfree wistar rats, have been propagated in rats and in tissue culture. a protocol has been developed and demonstrated for assay of treatments which retard or which accelerate the rate and extent of tumor growth and of metastasis in tumor-bearing rats. the pattern of spread has been retarded by cyclophosphamide, aspirin, indomethacin, and corynebacterium parvum. the spread pattern has been accelerated by oral administrations of sodium bar ...	1977	917442
effects of corynebacterium parvum on tumour metastases in mice.		1977	922293
expression of a new cell surface antigen on activated murine macrophages.	a macrophage cell-surface antigen associated with pyran and corynebacterium parvum-activated macrophages and p388d1 cells but not detectable on normal or glycogen and thioglycollate-elicited murine macrophages has been described. the antigen was demonstrated both by complement-mediated cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence, using an appropriately absorbed rabbit antiserum to p388d1. this antiserum should enable the characterization of activated macrophage cell populations on an individual cell bas ...	1977	925608
a study on the characterization of corynebacterium acnes.	forty-nine strains of anaerobic gram-positive rods were used in a systematic study of their biochemical and physiological reactions and morphological characteristics and were also subjected to gas chromatographic analyses in an effort to classify them as strains of corynebacterium acnes (c. acnes). the strains were isolated both from lesions in acne vulgaris and from normal skin. according to their biochemical and physiological characters, these 49 strains were divided into six subgroups (subgro ...	1977	15461349
paradoxical effects of immunopotentiators on tumors and tumor viruses.	growth of tumors was inhibited or enhanced in mice by a synthetic (pyran) or a biologic (corynebacterium parvum) immunopotentiator. marked inhibition of leukemogenesis induced by friend leukemia virus was produced by prophylactic intraperitoneal treatment with pyran, while intravenous treatment with pyran (in the same dose and regimen) significantly enhanced growth of tumor virus. paradoxical effects were also seen with the biologic immunopotentiator c. parvum in solid tumor systems. treatment w ...	1976	932503
study of the mechanism of corynebacterium parvum anti-tumour activity. i. protective effect on the growth of two syngeneic tumours.	the protective effect of c. parvum against two different tumours - a lymphosarcoma and a mammary carcinoma - has been demonstrated. in the case of lymphosarcoma, a significant protective effect was obtained when both c. parvum and tumor cells were injected iv. in contrast in c3h mice the best protection was obtained when both c. parvum and mammary carcinoma cells were injected ip. thus both c. parvum and tumour cells must be inoculated by the same route which, however, varies for different tumou ...	1976	946965
observations following corynebacterium parvum administration to patients with advanced malignancy. a phase i study.	there has been increasing interest regarding the use of corynebacterium parvum (cp) with other modalities in the management of primary cancer. due to the paucity of specific information available relative to cp toxicity, a phase i study was carried out in patients with advanced disease. the purpose of the investigation was not to evaluate the effect of cp on tumor growth. from 273 injections of cp in 40 patients it was observed that following intravenous (i.v.) infusion of cp: a) a febrile respo ...	1976	947509
regression of a hamster melanoma with intralesional corynebacterium granulosum.	the present study was undertaken to compare the antitumour effects of intralesionally administered corynebacterium granulosum, corynebacterium parvum, bcg and saline on a hamster melanoma. forty-eight golden hamsters were inoculated subcutaneously with forthers melanotic melanoma no. 1. twenty-four animals bore palpable tumours which were excised. no non-excised group animal showed primary tumour regression. in the excised group, the tumours generally recurred at the excision site in the c. parv ...	1976	949459
treatment of rat fibrosarcoma by radiotherapy plus immune adjuvant.	combined radiotherapy and nonspecific adjuvant c. parvum or piromen treatment of rat tumors show improvement over radiotherapy alone. the most effective protocol, resulting in complete remission in 6 of 6 rats was obtained with c. parvum given i.p. in three doses 1 day prior to tumor x-irradiation of three doses of 1500 r each given on days 1, 4, and 8. animals receiving the same dose schedule without adjuvant had only partial regression of their tumor. without adjuvant, increasing the dose to 6 ...	1976	949523
radiation therapy and corynebacterium parvum in the treatment of murine tumors.	the relative effectiveness of local irradiation alone or combined with corynebacterium parvum (c parvum) treatment has been investigated employing four tumors: a mammary carcinoma (mca) (nonimmunogenic), a fibrosarcoma (moderately strongly immunogenic), and two squamous cell carcinomas (scc-2 being weakly and scc-4 being very weakly or nonimmunogenic). c parvum treatment was started when the isotransplanted tumor growing in the mouse leg was 5 mm in diameter and the local irradiation was adminis ...	1976	949676
proceedings: local corynebacterium parvum therapy in early breast cancer.		1976	953485
proceedings: the effect of corynebacterium parvum on a subcutaneous tumour.		1976	953487
intra-lesional injection of immunostimulants in bilateral rat tumors.	rats grafted with either two or six fragments of isogenic methylcholanthrene-induced transplantable fibrosarcomas were treated it1 with living bcg or killed c. parvum or a mixture of both immunostimulants. various tumor combination and therapeutic agent dosages were compared. when two fragments of the same tumor mcfifi2 (s) were grafted simultaneously, it treatment of one of these with 2 mg of bcg induced cure of both in 50% of the animals, but it injection of 2 x 10(9) c. parvum was completely ...	1976	955748
identification of propionibacterium acnes and related organisms by precipitin tests with trichloroacetic acid extracts.	the serological identification of propionibacterium acnes, p. granulosum, and p. avidum, using trichloroacetic acid extracts, is described. with antisera prepared against reference strains, the method has been tested on 142 strains recently isolated from human skin. all except two of the strains could be identified serologically, and there was excellent agreement between the serological results and the fermentation pattern of the strains. two serological types of p. acnes and two of p. avidum we ...	1976	972178
immunological enhancement of leukemia l1210 by corynebacterium parvum in allogeneic mice.	the effect of corynebacterium parvum on the immune response of c57bl/6 mice (h-2b) to the allogeneic leukemia l1210 (h-2d) was investigated. mice were either left untreated or given c. parvum i.v. or i.p. in various dosages. seven days later they were challenged with 2.5 to 10 x 10(6) live l1210 cells i.p. control animals almost always rejected the challenge. in contrast, most mice pretreated with either 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg of c. parvum i.v. and 1.0 or 0.5 mg i.p. exhibited enhanced growth of l ...	1976	975053
systemic treatment of breast cancer: past, present and future.		1976	977407
mechanisms of antitumor action of corynebacterium parvum: the generation of cell-mediated tumor specific immunity.		1976	978659
comparison of the potentiation of specific tumor immunity in mice by corynebacterium parvum or bcg.	two independent studies have compared killed c. parvum (cp) vaccine with viable bcg (pasteur) and bcg (glaxo) vaccines, respectively, for potentiation of antitumor immunity when injected with irradiated tumor cells into b6d2f1 and cba-t6t6 mice. both studies concurred that, for a given number of irradiated tumor cells, larger amounts (dry weight equivalent) of bcg than cp were required to produce similar degrees of tumor immunity. evidence also showed that stronger and more protracted immunity w ...	1976	978769
biotyping and serotyping of propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from different diagnostic materials.	fifty strains of propionibacterium acnes, five strains with the previous designation corynebacterium parvum and three strains of propionibacterium avidum were agglutinated by bacto-corynebacterium acnes 554 antiserum (difco); it was not possible to isolate any strain reacting only with 605 antiserum. only one strain of c. parvum reacted with both sera. 48 (88 per cent) out of 54 strains (p. acnes and c. parvum) belonged to voss' group i and 25 (47 per cent) belonged to pulverer's biotype a. str ...	1976	983535
antimicrobiol susceptibility of propinibacterium acnes and related microbial species.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents were established for 73 strains of propionibacterium acnes and four related species (p. granulosum, p. avidum, corynebacterium minutissimum, and c. parvum). most strains showed good susceptibility to those agents usually considered active against gram-positive organisms. with the exception of c. minutissimum, the strains tested revealed more or less identical susceptibility ranges. the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations were ...	1976	984781
the characteristics of binding of corynebacterium parvum to glass-adherent mouse peritoneal exudate cells.	corynebacterium parvum, strain 10390, whole organisms were shown to bind to the surface of glass-adherent mouse peritoneal exudate cells in vitro. an hcl extract and a lipid extract of the organism were both capable of inhibiting this binding. the attachment of organisms was not affected by trypsin treatment of the cells, indicating that the plasma membrane receptor is not cell-bound antibody in nature. the binding was inhibited by various sugars, most of which are major components of the cell w ...	1976	991461
effects of corynebacterium parvum treatment and toxoplasma gondii infection on macrophage-mediated cytostasis of tumour target cells.	injection of mice with corynebacterium parvum or living or killed toxoplasma gondii was studied to determine the efficacy of these treatments in activating peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the uptake of [3h]tdr (cytostasis) by tumour target cells in vitro. in the presence of activated macrophages from mice treated i.p. with a wide dose range of either c. parvum or living toxoplasma, cytostasis was usually greater than 99%. this population of activated macrophages was transient in c. parvum-trea ...	1976	992714
experimental cancer immunotherapy: comparison of tumor rejection if f344 rats given live mycobacterium bovis (strain bcg) and killed corynebacterium parvum.	f344 rats received grafts of syngeneic 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma cells previously admixed with either living bcg of killed corynebacterium parvum administered sc or intradermally (id). animals given id transplants of tumor cells admixed with either bcg or killed c. parvum exhibited tumor growth for an average of 10 days, then regression in size and rejection of the tumor nodules. lesions were found in rats given sc transplants of tumor cells admixed with the killed microorganism for an averag ...	1976	994209
antitumor activity of killed corynebacterium parvum suspensions in a murine mammary adenocarcinoma cad2) system.	we studied the antitumor activity of killed corynebacterium parvum on the cad2 mammary adenocarcinoma in dba/2 mice. intratumor treatment had little or no effect on subcutaneous tumor growth. admixture of tumor cells with c. parvum before inoculation completely suppressed tumor growth. no tumor transplantation immunity was detected in mice inoculated with admixtures of c. parvum and tumor cells, but tumors were enhanced under certain circumstances. growth of a tumor inoculated sc or iv was consi ...	1976	994219
complement activation in vivo in cancer patients receiving c. parvum immunotherapy.	serum complement levels were assayed in 26 patients with disseminated cancer, who received immunotherapy with infusion of c. parvum. complement activation, indicated by the consumption of c3 or c4 or both, was found in 46% of the patients. serum samples showed direct correlation between decreased c3 and conversion of c3 proactivator, whereas such conversion did not occur when c4 alone was decreased. it is concluded that the bypass (properdin) pathway was activated in patients in whom c3 consumpt ...	1976	999783
decreased liver and lung drug-metabolizing activity in mice treated with corynebacterium parvum.	injections of killed suspensions of corynebacterium parvum (i.p.) in young male mice were followed by time- and dose-dependent decreases in the drug-metabolizing activity of liver microsomes and lung homogenates. in vitro assays with model substrates [aminopyrine, aniline, p-nitroanisole, and benzo(a)pyrene] were used to quantitate drug-metabolizing activity. it is likely that such decreases in mixed function oxidases activity will act to significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of concurrently ...	1976	1000491
further observations on the inhibition of tumor growth by corynebacterium parvum with cyclophosphamide. iii. effect of c. parvum on cyclophosphamide metabolism.	results of investigations employing [14c]cyclophosphamide (cy) demonstrated that even though total plasma radioactivity was similar in female c3heb/fej mice treated either with cy alone or corynebacterium parvum and cy, the proportion of total activity due to nonmetabolized cy was greater when c. parvum was used. these findings indicated that the antitumor effect of c. parvum may not have been entirely due to its immunopotentiating properties but may also have been related to its effect on the m ...	1976	1003505
further observations on the inhibition of tumor growth by corynebacterium parvum with cyclophosphamide.	the cytotoxic macrophage was further characterized as an important effector cell in the inhibition of tumor growth. when we administered rifampin (a semisynthetic antibiotic that interferes with macrophage function but not viability) with corynebacterium parvum and/or cyclophosphamide to tumor-bearing c3heb/fej female mice, the tumor growth-inhibitory effects of the c. parvum were reduced. moreover, when bone marrow cells from those animals were cultured, we found a marked decrease in the cytoto ...	1976	1003514
effects of corynebacterium parvum alone and in combination with adriamycin in experimental tumor systems.	corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum) was used in antitumor tests against four murine tumor models in b6d2f1 mice. the c. parvum was effective at all doses and schedules tested against p388 leukemia, b16 melanoma, and lewis lung carcinoma but was ineffective against l1210 leukemia. combination immunochemotherapy of p388 leukemia and lewis lung carcinoma with c. parvum and adriamycin was better than either regimen alone in increasing the lifespan of mice with tumors. the results show that the effect ...	1976	1009517
the role of nonspecific immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.		1976	1013508
the immunostimulant corynibacterium parvum and hematopoietic toxicity of chemotherapy.		1976	1019832
mouse strain differences in macrophage activation and anti-tumor activity induced by propionibacterium acnes (anaerobic coryneforms).	effect of propionibacterium acnes on macrophage activation and antitumor activity was examined in ddn and sl mice. (1) carbon clearance was enhanced to the same extent by p. acnes treatment in both strains. (2) number of peritoneal macrophages increased to the same extent by p. acnes treatment in both strains. (3) adhesiveness of peritoneal macrophages, as demonstrated by inhibition or migration or an increase in spreading cells, was enhanced more efficiently in ddn than in sl mice p. acnes tre ...	1976	1021506
antimicrobial effects of some bis-biguanides on certain bacteria which occur in connection with acne vulgaris.		1976	6710
serum lysozyme as a marker of host resistance. i. production by macrophages resident in rat sarcomata.	with progressive growth of syngeneic sarcomata in rats there was a rise in serum levels of lysozyme which correlated with their immunogenicity and their macrophage content. by an examination of lymph/blood differences in normal and in tumour bearing rats and of the production of lysozyme by cells obtained from the tumours and maintained in vitro, it is apparent that the macrophages resident in a tumour mass make a massive contribution to the elevation in serum lysozyme concentrations. tumour cel ...	1976	766806
proceedings: the effect of bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) and corynebacterium parvum on the development of spontaneous mouse mammary carcinoma.		1976	766891
immunology and lung cancer.	carcinoma of the lung is the number one cancer killer in the united states. the overall cure rate is about 10%, and although resection is the best treatment available, five-year survival following operation is only 25%. recent studies have shown that patients with lung cancer are immunosuppressed but that pulmonary tumors do contain tumor-associated antigens. studies of other human tumors indicate that immunotherapy can augment tumor immunity and can be an effective surgical adjuvant. this commu ...	1976	769714
immunogenicity of a rat leukaemia of spontaneous origin (sal).	the sal rat leukaemia, which resembles acute myeloblastic leukaemia, appeared initially to be non-immunogenic since resistance to an i.p. challenge with as few as 100 cells could not be obtained using stimulation of the res or by immunization with sal cells exposed to x-rays, nitrogen mustard, iodoacetate or glutaraldehyde. however, immunization with sal cells exposed to low doses of mitomycin-c slowed the growth of the challenge inoculum. cells treated with high doses of mitomycin-c did not imm ...	1976	769814
nonspecific immunotherapy by corynebacterium parvum: phase i toxicity study in 12 patients with advanced cancer.	corynebacterium parvum, a non-specific immunopotentiator, was administered intravenously to 12 patients with advanced cancer at 2, 3, and 4 mg/m2 dose levels in combination with radiation therapy. one dose of c. parvum was given every 7 days for a total of 4 doses in 21 days. symptoms and signs developed by these patients for a period of 3 to 6 hours during and shortly after the i.v. infusion of the first dose of c. parvum were moderately severe in nine patients and mild in three patients. for t ...	1976	769937
failure of corynebacterium parvum presensitization to modify the antitumor effects of systemic and local therapeutic injections of c. parvum in mice.	the therapeutic effects of iv and intralesional injection of corynebacterium parvum against mastocytoma p815 in mice, presentized and showing marked delayed hypersensitivity to c. parvum, were no different from those in unimmunized controls.	1976	815560
[effect of corynebacterium parvum on murine cultured bone marrow cells].	the administration of corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum) stimulates in the mouse the bone marrow colony forming cell compartment in two stages. the first stage reaches pic values one day after two consecutive injections and the second, more important stage, reaches a pic at the 9th day which lasts over 27 days. there is no evidence that this effect is related to the liberation of csf.	1976	816561
effect of cytochalasin b on the adhesion of mouse peritoneal macrophages.	the adhesion of normal mouse macrophages to glass surfaces was reduced by nontoxic levels (1-50 mug/ml) of cytochalasin b in combination with a centrifugal force (1,000-8,000 g). macrophages nonspecifically activated by corynebacterium acnes were also detached by this treatment, but less effectively. the effects of cytochalasin b treatment on these cells were shown to be reversible. after detachment, the cells reattached to glass, appeared morphologically normal, and behaved like untreated cells ...	1976	816801
responsiveness of senescent mice to the antitumor properties of corynebacterium parvum.	the antitumor properties of corynebacterium parvum have been studied in young (3- to 8-month-old) and aged 18 or more months old) balb/c mice given s.c., i.m., i.p., or i.v. transplants of the highly malignant, weakly immunogenic line 1 lung carcinoma, and in aged (25- to 33-month-old) balb/c mice bearing primary mammary tumors. these aged balb/c mice were shown to be less immunoresponsive than their younger counterparts, and this, in combination with nonimmunological factors, made them more sen ...	1976	1247995
suppression of the incidence of death with spontaneous tumours in dba/2 mice after corynebacterium parvum-mediated rejection of syngeneic tumours.		1976	1250378
studies on the fc receptor bearing cells in a transplanted methylcholanthrene induced mouse fibrosarcoma.	the presence of fc receptors on the surface of cell suspensions obtained from a transplanted isogeneic methylcholanthrene induced murine fibrosarcoma has been investigated by determining the capacity of such cells to form rosettes with antibody coated srbc. these studies indicate that a large percentage of cells in the tumour had fc receptors on their surface. the proportion of such cells was increased by reducing the number of cells transplanted, by administering cyclophosphamide to the host, a ...	1976	1252329
proceedings: immunological mechanisms involved in the inhibition of tumour metastases by corynebacterium parvum.		1976	1252731
antitumor activity of corynebacterium parvum extracts.	extracts of corynebacterium parvum produced by mild hydrolysis of the whole organisms had antitumor activity if given iv 1 day before iv administration of fibrosarcoma cells or if given ip or sc in admixture with these cells. a lipid component seemed responsible for these effects. unlike whole bacteria, they had little immunotherapeutic activity if given 3 days after sc tumor implantation unless absorbed onto latex. however, organisms treated with acid did not have any immunotherapeutic effect i ...	1976	1255777
further observations on the inhibition of tumor growth by corynebacterium parvum with cyclophosphamide. ii. effect of cortisone acetate.	studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the administration of cyclophosphamide (cy) and corynebacterium parvum (cp) over a prolonged time to c3h mice with established measurable tumors resulted in complete arrest of tumor growth as well as partial and complete regressions in many instances. a study of the effect of two different doses of cortisone acetate (ca), administered two or five times weekly, on the tumor inhibitory properties of this chemoimmunotherapeutic regimen indicated t ...	1976	1255788
anaerobic infections in children: a prospective study.	the prevalence and significance of anaerobic infections in patients at st. louis children's hospital were studied prospectively for a one-year period. blood, selected body fluids, and aspirates obtained from abscesses or areas of cellulitis were cultured using special anaerobic collection and processing techniques. infected peritoneal fluid from patients with gastrointestinal disease yielded a large proportion of all anaerobic isolates. the types of organisms isolated were common inhabitants of ...	1976	1256941
immunotherapy and human tumor immunology.	present knowledge about the immune response to tumors in man is briefly reviewed, and the effects of cancer on immune-system functions are noted. the concepts that human tumors elicit cell-mediated immune responses to tumor antigens are re-examined and modified; for example, cell-mediated immunity may be detectable only at certain stages of tumor growth. introduction of more sensitive methods for detecting antibodies is providing additional evidence for humoral immune responses to tumor-associat ...	1976	1259292
effect of corynebacterium parvum on the response to irradiation of a c3h fibrosarcoma.	a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma of c3h mice has been used as 5th- to 6th-generation syngeneic transplant in an investigation of the role of corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant to the therapeutic effect of local irradiation of established tumors. the most effective route for administration of c. parvum in this tumor system was i.v., and the greatest effect of the c. parvum-mediated tumor graft rejection was observed for tumor growing intracutaneously or s.c. an intermediate level of e ...	1976	1260756
antitumour effect of corynebacterium parvum. possible mode of action.		1976	1268035
bioassay for quantitating circulating tumor cells in a syngeneic mouse tumor system.	a bioassay is described for the quantitation of tumor cells in blood specimens in a syngeneic mouse tumor system (sarcoma 1 in a/j mice). the procedure involved i.m. injection of blood containing tumor cells into each thigh of normal recipient mice and, 14 days later, examination of the sites of injection for evidence of tumor growth. for each specimen, a tumor index was calculated based on the number of tumor takes and the size of the tumors. the number of tumor cells was determined by comparis ...	1976	1268858
corynebacterium parvum.		1976	1269143
importance of actinomyces and certain gram-negative anaerobic organisms in the transformation of lymphocytes from patients with periodontal disease.	dental plaque deposits are known to be potent stimulants of lymphocyte transformation in patients with periodontal disease but not in normal subjects. since plaque deposits consist mainly of whole bacteria, the cell walls of the most commonly found organisms in plaque were tested for their capacity to induce lymphocyte transformation. there was a direct correlation between the severity of peridontal disease and the amount of transformation induced by the cell walls of oral bacteria and by solubi ...	1976	1270144
modification of the effect of c. parvum on macrophage activity and tumour growth by x-irradiation.	the radiosensitivity of three forms of response to injection of c. parvum in mice has been investigated. the increase in phagocytin index evoked by ip or iv injection of 0.7 mg c. parvum (but not that evoked by 1.4 mg) was reduced but not abolished in mice given 350-500 rad whole-body irradiation 4 days before c. parvum injection. irradiation (500-1,000 rad) 4 days after c. parvum injection had no such effect. the antitumour cytotoxicity in vitro of pe and spleen cells from c. parvum-treated mic ...	1976	1270180
[antibacterial and bactericidal activity of tinidazole against anaerobic bacteria comparing with metronidazole (author's transl)].	antibacterial activity of tinidazole (1-2-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) against anaerobic bacteria including peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium, bacteroides and fusobacterium was studied by agar dilution method comparing with metronidazole. in addition to this work, bactericidal effect of tinidazole and metronidazole against p. prevotii, b. fragilis ss. fragilis and f. varium was examined by quantitative culture method after incubation in gam broth conta ...	1976	1271586
anaerobic coryneforms isolated from human bone marrow and skin. chemical, biochemical and serological studies and some of their biological activities.	eighteen isolates if anaerobic coryneforms from human bone marrow and skin and four type strains of propionibacterium were studied chemically, biochemically and antigenically. all of the isolates were identified as propionibacterium acnes; of the 18 isolates,16 belonged to sterotype i and two to serotype ii. by means of gas liquid chromatography and mass spectral analysis, a large amount of iso-type fatty acids, such as iso-pentadecanoic and iso-heptadecanoic acids were detected in whole cells o ...	1976	1271588
treatment of cancer with immunomodulators.		1976	1271891
the effects of corynebacterium parvum and surgery on the lewis lung carcinoma and its metastases.	the effects of corynebacterium parvum on the mouse primary lewis lung carcinoma and its metastases were studied. c. parvum was given at the same time as subcutaneous inoculation of tumour or in combination with surgical excision of the primary after 10 days' growth. when intravenous c. parvum was given at the same time as tumour there was a reduction in the primary tumour growth rate. there was a similar reduction in growth if the drug was given intravenously 7 days after tumour inoculation. int ...	1976	1276661