Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| gastroenteritis in us marines during operation iraqi freedom. | approximately 83,000 us marines participated in the opening phase of operation iraqi freedom in spring 2003. a navy preventive medicine laboratory was set up in ad diwaniyah, iraq, to provide clinical diagnostic support for marine medical units during a period of repositioning in south-central iraq. | 2005 | 15712073 |
| genetic analysis of antibiotic-resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant shigella strains isolated from chilean children. | a total of 162 clinical isolates of shigella collected from children in a semi-rural community of chile were examined for the presence of genetic determinants of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. ampicillin resistance was most frequently associated with the presence of bla(oxa) in s. flexneri and with bla(tem) in s. sonnei. the bla(oxa) gene but not bla(tem) was located in class 1 integrons. the dhfria gene encoding for resistance to trimethoprim was asso ... | 2005 | 15724714 |
| role of the pst system in plaque formation by the intracellular pathogen shigella flexneri. | in response to the host cell environment, the intracellular pathogen shigella flexneri induces the expression of numerous genes, including those in the pst operon which is predicted to encode a high-affinity phosphate acquisition system that is expressed under reduced phosphate conditions. an s. flexneri pst mutant forms smaller plaques in henle cell monolayers than does the parental strain. this mutant exhibited normal production and localization of the s. flexneri icsa protein. the pst mutant ... | 2005 | 15731038 |
| ipad of shigella flexneri is independently required for regulation of ipa protein secretion and efficient insertion of ipab and ipac into host membranes. | shigella flexneri causes human dysentery after invading the cells of the colonic epithelium. the best-studied effectors of shigella entry into colonocytes are the invasion plasmid antigens ipac and ipab. these proteins are exported via a type iii secretion system (ttss) to form a pore in the host membrane that may allow the translocation of other effectors into the host cytoplasm. ttss-mediated secretion of ipad is also required for translocation pore formation, bacterial invasion, and virulence ... | 2005 | 15731041 |
| microbiology. a pathogen attacks while keeping up defense. | 2005 | 15731433 | |
| optimization of virulence functions through glucosylation of shigella lps. | shigella, the leading cause of bacillary dysentery, uses a type iii secretion system (ttss) to inject proteins into human cells, leading to bacterial invasion and a vigorous inflammatory response. the bacterium is protected against the response by the o antigen of lipopolysaccharide (lps) on its surface. we show that bacteriophage-encoded glucosylation of shigella o antigen, the basis of different serotypes, shortens the lps molecule by around half. this enhances ttss function without compromisi ... | 2005 | 15731456 |
| shigella antibiotic resistance in central turkey: comparison of the years 1987-1994 and 1995-2002. | the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. | 2005 | 15735493 |
| environmental ph sensing: resolving the vira/virg two-component system inputs for agrobacterium pathogenesis. | agrobacterium tumefaciens stands as one of biotechnology's greatest successes, with all plant genetic engineering building on the strategies of this pathogen. by integrating responses to external phs, phenols, and monosaccharides, this organism mobilizes oncogenic elements to efficiently transform most dicotyledonous plants. we now show that the complex signaling network used to regulate lateral gene transfer can be resolved as individual signaling modules. while ph and sugar perception are coup ... | 2005 | 15743967 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella flexneri in a long-stay psychiatric nursing center during 2001 to 2003. | with six separate wards accommodating more than 1,600 patients, v nursing center (vnc) is a long-stay psychiatric nursing center in eastern taiwan. during 2001 to 2003, 39 shigellosis cases occurred in vnc. different from the notion that most cases of shigellosis are caused by shigella sonnei, all except one of these cases were caused by s. flexneri, with the remaining one caused by an s. sonnei isolate. o-antigen serotyping showed that the 38 s. flexneri strains were of either type 1a (n = 20) ... | 2005 | 15750107 |
| analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression defines three classes of effectors in the type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri. | proteins directly involved in entry and dissemination of shigella flexneri into epithelial cells are encoded by a virulence plasmid of 200 kb. a 30-kb region (designated the entry region) of this plasmid encodes components of a type iii secretion (tts) apparatus, substrates of this apparatus and their dedicated chaperones. during growth of bacteria in broth, expression of these genes is induced at 37 degrees c and the tts apparatus is assembled in the bacterial envelope but is not active. secret ... | 2005 | 15758240 |
| [change of serological properties of museum strains of shigella flexneri in different terms of storage]. | the viability, purity, biological and serological properties of museum strains of shigella flexneri which were kept in lyophilized state during above 30 years were studied. primary serological characteristics were specified, it was established that type 2a is the predominant serotype independent of the years and regions of isolation. some strains lost antigens as a result of the long-term preservation or reinoculation on agar media. | 2005 | 15765879 |
| bacteriophage-encoded glucosyltransferase gtrii of shigella flexneri: membrane topology and identification of critical residues. | the shigella flexneri serotypes differ in the nature of their o-antigens. the addition of glucosyl or o-acetyl groups to the common backbone repeat units gives rise to the different serotypes. gtrii glucosylates rhamnose iii of the o-antigen repeat unit, thus converting serotype y (which has no modifications to the basic o-antigen repeat unit) into serotype 2a, the most prevalent serotype. in the present study, the topology of gtrii has been determined. gtrii has nine transmembrane helices, a re ... | 2005 | 15766330 |
| frameshifting by transcriptional slippage is involved in production of mxie, the transcription activator regulated by the activity of the type iii secretion apparatus in shigella flexneri. | bacteria of shigella spp. are responsible for shigellosis in humans. they use a type iii secretion (tts) system encoded by a 200 kb virulence plasmid to enter epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis in macrophages. this tts system comprises a secretion apparatus, translocators and effectors that transit through this apparatus, cytoplasmic chaperones and specific transcription regulators. the tts apparatus assembled during growth of shigella flexneri in broth is activated upon contact with epithel ... | 2005 | 15773990 |
| structure and biochemical analysis of a secretin pilot protein. | the ability to translocate virulence proteins into host cells through a type iii secretion apparatus (ttss) is a hallmark of several gram-negative pathogens including shigella, salmonella, yersinia, pseudomonas, and enteropathogenic escherichia coli. in common with other types of bacterial secretion apparatus, the assembly of the ttss complex requires the preceding formation of its integral outer membrane secretin ring component. we have determined at 1.5 a the structure of mxim28-142, the shige ... | 2005 | 15775974 |
| surprising dependence on postsegregational killing of host cells for maintenance of the large virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | low-copy-number plasmids all encode multiple systems to ensure their propagation, including replication, partition (active segregation), and postsegregational killing (psk) systems. psk systems kill those rare cells that lose the plasmid due to replication or segregation errors. psk systems should not be used as the principle means of maintaining the plasmid. the metabolic cost of killing the many cured cells that would arise from random plasmid segregation is far too high. here we describe an i ... | 2005 | 15805523 |
| [small treatise on art of warfare... from shigella]. | 2005 | 15811311 | |
| comparative imaging of a bacterial surface-located gfp fusion protein by epifluorescence and scanning near-field optical microscopy. | icsa is an autotransporter protein that plays a role in the virulence of shigella bacteria. we have examined the cellular localization of a fusion of an icsa fragment to the green fluorescent protein (gfp) expressed in escherichia coli using a dual epifluorescence and scanning near-field optical microscope. by combining the data obtained from far-field with near-field microscopy of the same sample, discrimination between surface-bound fusion proteins and fusion proteins located in the cellular c ... | 2005 | 15817062 |
| cholesterol binding by the bacterial type iii translocon is essential for virulence effector delivery into mammalian cells. | a ubiquitous early step in infection of man and animals by enteric bacterial pathogens like salmonella, shigella and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is the translocation of virulence effector proteins into mammalian cells via specialized type iii secretion systems (ttsss). translocated effectors subvert the host cytoskeleton and stimulate signalling to promote bacterial internalization or survival. target cell plasma membrane cholesterol is central to pathogen-host cross-talk, but the p ... | 2005 | 15819617 |
| modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium effector protein espg. | espg is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. espg is delivered into infected host cells by a type iii secretion system. the role of espg in virulence has not yet been defined. here we describe experiments that probe the virulence characteristics and biological activities of espg in vitro and in vivo. a c. rodentium espg mutant ... | 2005 | 15845460 |
| model for the combined effects of temperature, ph and sodium chloride concentration on survival of shigella flexneri strain 5348 under aerobic conditions. | shigella is recognized as a major foodborne pathogen; however, relatively few studies have been reported on its growth and survival characteristics, particularly under conditions relevant to food. a fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (4-37 degrees c), ph (2-6) and nacl (0.5-9%) on survival kinetics of shigella flexneri strain 5348 in bhi broth. stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media to give initial populations of 6-7 log ... | 2005 | 15862880 |
| plasmid partition system of the p1par family from the pwr100 virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | p1par family members promote the active segregation of a variety of plasmids and plasmid prophages in gram-negative bacteria. each has genes for para and parb proteins, followed by a pars partition site. the large virulence plasmid pwr100 of shigella flexneri contains a new p1par family member: pwr100par. although typical para and parb genes are present, the putative pwr100pars site is atypical in sequence and organization. however, pwr100pars promoted accurate plasmid partition in escherichia c ... | 2005 | 15866921 |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei enterocolitis in men who have sex with men, quebec, 1999 to 2001. | 2005 | 15875326 | |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in shigella flexneri from argentina: first report of toho-1 outside japan. | a 9-year nation-wide survey of the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella flexneri is described. ten of 9033 (0.1%) isolates produced esbls, which were characterized by isoelectric focusing, pcr and dna sequencing. these were ctx-m-2 (five isolates), toho-1 (one isolate), shv-2 (two isolates) and per-2 (two isolates, the first report in s. flexneri world wide). the emergence of each esbl type in s. flexneri was not restricted to a particular region of argentina. toho-1 ... | 2005 | 15878653 |
| [bacterial colony as a complex community]. | information on the adaptive behavior of cells in the process of the formation of a colony by bacteria shigella flexneri rd, used as a model, was obtained with the use of light, transmission and scanning microscopy. the process of the formation of a microcolony was demonstrated; at the initial stages (8 hours) it included 3 groups of cells, and 24 hours later it exhibited sharply defined structurization. the conclusion was made on the possibility of the joint use of different methods of microscop ... | 2005 | 15881929 |
| [antibiotic resistance of shigellae and rationale for etiotropic therapy of shigella infections]. | the study was aimed at determining sensitivity of shigellae to antibacterial preparations and their clinical effectiveness for correcting recommendations on the empirical therapy of acute shigella infections (asi). the sensitivity of 164 s. flexneri strains and 80 s. sonnei strains, isolated in 1996-2003 in the sumy region, ukraine, was determined with respect to 19 antibacterial preparations: ampicillin (am), tetracycline (te), rifampicin (ri), chloramphenicol (ca), streptomycin (st), fusidin ( ... | 2005 | 15881945 |
| spatial distribution and functional significance of activated vinculin in living cells. | conformational change is believed to be important to vinculin's function at sites of cell adhesion. however, nothing is known about vinculin's conformation in living cells. using a forster resonance energy transfer probe that reports on changes in vinculin's conformation, we find that vinculin is in the actin-binding conformation in a peripheral band of adhesive puncta in spreading cells. however, in fully spread cells with established polarity, vinculin's conformation is variable at focal adhes ... | 2005 | 15883197 |
| a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ... | 2005 | 15901718 |
| a secreted anti-activator, ospd1, and its chaperone, spa15, are involved in the control of transcription by the type iii secretion apparatus activity in shigella flexneri. | bacteria of shigella spp. are responsible for shigellosis in humans and use a type iii secretion (tts) system to enter epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis in macrophages. transit of translocator and effector proteins through the tts apparatus is activated upon contact of bacteria with host cells. transcription of approximately 15 genes encoding effectors is regulated by the tts apparatus activity and controlled by mxie, an arac family activator, and its coactivator ipgc, the chaperone of ipab ... | 2005 | 15916611 |
| a directed screen for chlamydial proteins secreted by a type iii mechanism identifies a translocated protein and numerous other new candidates. | chlamydiae are strict intracellular parasites that induce their internalization upon contact with the host cell and grow inside an intracellular compartment called an inclusion. they possess a type iii secretion (tts) apparatus, which allows for the translocation of specific proteins in the host cell cytosol. in particular, chlamydial proteins of the inc family are secreted to the inclusion membrane by a tts mechanism; other tts substrates are mostly unknown. using a secretion assay based on the ... | 2005 | 15916612 |
| optimizing protein crystal growth through dynamic seeding. | a dynamic seeding method that is different from the conventional method of seeding drops that have been equilibrated is described. the method basically consists of two steps. firstly, microseeding was used in association with adjustment of the seeding-drop components, including buffer, additive and concentrations of the precipitants and protein, in order to screen suitable seeding conditions under which microseeds are seeded into a new non-equilibrated drop as the dynamic macroseed drop for the ... | 2005 | 15930637 |
| mucosal lymphoid infiltrate dominates colonic pathological changes in murine experimental shigellosis. | shigella species are invasive human pathogens that cause acute rectocolitis by triggering a dysregulated inflammatory reaction in the colonic and rectal mucosa. because mice are naturally resistant to shigellosis, there is no mouse model that mimics human disease. we explore the susceptibility of intestinal flora-depleted mice to shigellosis after intragastric infection with shigella strains. | 2005 | 15942903 |
| construction of a novel shigella live-vector strain co-expressing cs3 and ltb/stm of enterotoxigenic e.coli. | to construct and evaluate a polyvalent recombinant vaccine strain shigella flexneri 2a t32 against enterotoxigenic e.coli (etec). | 2005 | 15948247 |
| expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine b to gram-negative bacteria. | phloxine b (d&c red no. 28) is a color additive for food, drugs, and cosmetics. it has been previously shown to have anti-staphylococcus aureus activities. in this work, the effect of phloxine b on various gram-negative bacteria and other gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis, bacillus aureus, salmonella, escherichia coli and shigella was studied, along with the mechanism of anti-microbial activity. in the presence of fluor ... | 2005 | 15949926 |
| shigella effector ipah9.8 binds to a splicing factor u2af(35) to modulate host immune responses. | shigella effectors injected into the host cell via the type iii secretion system are involved in various aspects of infection. here, we show that one of the effectors, ipah9.8, plays a role in modulating inflammatory responses to shigella infection. in murine lung infection model, deltaipah9.8 mutant caused more severe inflammatory responses with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels than did wild-type shigella, which resulted in a 30-fold decrease in bacterial colonization. bind ... | 2005 | 15950937 |
| worldwide disseminated arma aminoglycoside resistance methylase gene is borne by composite transposon tn1548. | the arma (aminoglycoside resistance methylase) gene, which confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamines and fortimicin, was initially found in klebsiella pneumoniae bm4536 on incl/m plasmid pip1204 of ca. 90 kb which also encodes the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-3. thirty-four enterobacteria from various countries that were likely to produce a ctx-m enzyme since they were more resistant to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime were studied. the arma gene was detected in 12 clinic ... | 2005 | 15980373 |
| synthesis and pharmacological activities of some mononuclear ru(ii) complexes. | a series of mononuclear ru(ii) complexes of the type [ru(m)2(u)]2+, where m = 2,2'-bipyridine/1,10-phenanthroline and u = tpl (ru1), 4-cl-tpl (ru2), 4-ch3-tpl (ru3), 4-ch3o-tpl (ru4), and 4-no2-tpl (ru5), -pai (ru6), where tpl = thiopicolinanilide and pai = 2-phenyl-azo-imidazole, have been prepared and characterized by ir, uv-vis, 1h nmr, 13c-nmr, fab-mass spectrophotometer, and elemental analysis. the complexes display metal-ligand charge transfer (mlct) transitions in the visible region. the ... | 2005 | 15982893 |
| [comparative proteomics research on removing of large invasive plasmid pinv of shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t]. | s. flexneri 2a strain 2457t and its derivative without large invasive plasmid pinv-2457t were cultured to middle logarithm phase. whole cellular protein extracts of the two strains were examined by two dimensional (2d) electrophoresis using immobilized ph gradient (ipg) technology. after in-gel protein digestion, the different-expressed spots were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi tof ms). all the peptide mass fingerprints (pmfs) were ... | 2005 | 15989237 |
| antibacterial properties of some plants used in mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | antibacterial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of 26 medicinal plants used in mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders were tested against eight different species of enteropathogens: two escherichia coli species; two shigella sonnei species; two shigella flexneri species; and two salmonella sp. species. the results showed that all crude extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, at least against one of the microorganisms tested, at concentrations of 8 mg/ml or lower. the extracts ... | 2005 | 16005589 |
| shigella flexneri infection is dependent on villin in the mouse intestine and in primary cultures of intestinal epithelial cells. | villin is an actin-binding protein present in intestinal and kidney brush borders. villin has been shown to present in vitro ca(2+)-dependent bundling and severing f-actin properties. the study of villin knock-out mice allowed us to show that while bundling of f-actin microfilaments is unaffected, this protein is important for the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton elicited by various signals during both physiological and pathological conditions. here, we studied the role of villin during ... | 2005 | 16008578 |
| [infections caused by shigella flexneri recognized as food poisonings in warmia and mazury voivodeship]. | this article treats of infections submitted as food poisoning examples caused by shigella flexneri 3a which is an etiological factor of diseases characterized by different clinical picture. the aim of the research was to test our laboratory specific procedure in diagnostics of shigella infections. the stool was inoculated on three following solid culture media: salmonella - shigella agar (ss), mac conkey agar (mc), hektoen enteric agar (he) and one liquid medium selenite - phosphate medium (sf). ... | 2005 | 16013410 |
| synergistic enhancement of toll-like receptor responses by nod1 activation. | nod1 is an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor specific for gram-negative peptidoglycan that is important in host response to infections (e.g. helicobacter pylori and shigella flexneri). genetic variation in nod1 predisposes to asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. functional responses have not previously been studied in primary human cells. nod1 activation by low nanomolar concentrations of the specific muropeptide ligand m-tridap induced minimal human peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 2005 | 16021603 |
| the design, synthesis and evaluation of high affinity macrocyclic carbohydrate inhibitors. | carbohydrate-protein interactions have been investigated for a model system of a monoclonal antibody, sya/j6, which binds a trisaccharide epitope of the o-polysaccharide of the shigella flexneri variant y lipopolysaccharide. the thermodynamics of binding for the methyl glycoside of the native trisaccharide epitope, rha-rha-glcnac () to sya/j6 over a range of temperatures exhibits strong, linear enthalpy-entropy compensation and a negative heat capacity change (deltac(p)=-152 cal mol(-1) degree(- ... | 2005 | 16032350 |
| roles for t and nk cells in the innate immune response to shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, an enteroinvasive gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for the worldwide endemic form of bacillary dysentery. the host response to primary infection is characterized by the induction of an acute inflammation, which is accompanied by polymorphonuclear cell (pmn) infiltration, resulting in massive destruction of the colonic mucosa. however, pmn play a major role in the recovery from primary infection, by restricting the bacterial infection at the intestinal mucosa. in this st ... | 2005 | 16034114 |
| pathoadaptive mutation that mediates adherence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o111. | the adherence of pathogenic escherichia coli strains to intestinal epithelium is essential for initiation of infection. the cad operon encodes the lysine decarboxylase (ldc) system responsible for metabolizing lysine, and this operon has been proposed as an antivirulence mechanism in enteroinvasive e. coli and shigella flexneri and as a factor mediating e. coli o157:h7 adherence. we sought to determine whether the ldc activity was present in a phylogenetically characterized collection of diarrhe ... | 2005 | 16040989 |
| the phage-shock-protein response. | the phage-shock-protein (psp) system responds to extracytoplasmic stress that may reduce the energy status of the cell. it is conserved in many different bacteria and has been linked to several important phenotypes. escherichia coli psp mutants have defects in maintenance of the proton-motive force, protein export by the sec and tat pathways, survival in stationary phase at alkaline ph, and biofilm formation. yersinia enterocolitica psp mutants cannot grow when the secretin component of a type i ... | 2005 | 16045608 |
| outbreak of shigellosis in the vienna zoo affecting human and non-human primates. | 2005 | 16054414 | |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on the shigella flexneri 2a sitc mutant. | in order to overcome the defects of difficult gene operations in low-copy suicide plasmid pcvd442, gateway technology was applied in the construction process of recombinant plasmid for gene knockout in this study. with this improved knockout system, we inactivated sitc gene, which is associated with iron transport in shigella flexneri 2a strain 301, to yield the mutant, mts. the functional detection of the mutant was performed at the level of culture medium, cell and animal experiment, respectiv ... | 2005 | 16092755 |
| occurrence of shigellosis in the young and elderly in rural china: results of a 12-month population-based surveillance study. | in 2002, population- and treatment center-based surveillance was used to study the disease burden of shigellosis in rural hebei province in the people's republic of china. a total of 10,105 children with diarrhea or dysentery were enrolled. infants were treated most frequently for diarrhea (1,388/1,000/year) followed by children < or = 5 years old (618/1,000/year). shigellosis was treated most often in children 3-4 years old (32/1,000/year) and people > 60 years of age (7/1,000/year). fifty-six ... | 2005 | 16103614 |
| presence of multiple sites containing polar material in spherical escherichia coli cells that lack mreb. | in rod-shaped bacteria, certain proteins are specifically localized to the cell poles. the nature of the positional information that leads to the proper localization of these proteins is unclear. in a screen for factors required for the localization of the shigella sp. actin assembly protein icsa to the bacterial pole, a mutant carrying a transposon insertion in mreb displayed altered targeting of icsa. the phenotype of cells containing a transposon insertion in mreb was indistinguishable from t ... | 2005 | 16109960 |
| viability of escherichia coli topa mutants lacking dna topoisomerase i. | the viability of the topa mutants lacking dna topoisomerase i was thought to depend on the presence of compensatory mutations in escherichia coli but not salmonella typhimurium or shigella flexneri. this apparent discrepancy in topa requirements in different bacteria prompted us to reexamine the topa requirements in e. coli. we find that e. coli strains bearing topa mutations, introduced into the strains by dna-mediated gene replacement, are viable at 37 or 42 degrees c without any compensatory ... | 2005 | 15522872 |
| transcriptional adaptation of shigella flexneri during infection of macrophages and epithelial cells: insights into the strategies of a cytosolic bacterial pathogen. | shigella flexneri, the etiologic agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells as well as macrophages and dendritic cells and escapes into the cytosol soon after invasion. dissection of the global gene expression profile of the bacterium in its intracellular niche is essential to fully understand the biology of shigella infection. we have determined the complete gene expression profiles for s. flexneri infecting human epithelial hela cells and human macrophage-like u937 cells. approxima ... | 2005 | 15618144 |
| construction and characterization of bivalent shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strains sc608(pcfai) and sc608(pcfai/ltb) that express antigens from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | an invasive strain of shigella flexneri 2a (sc608) has been developed as a vector for the expression and delivery of heterologous antigens. sc608 is an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) derivative of sc602 (icsa iuc), a well-characterized live attenuated vaccine strain which has undergone several clinical trials in human volunteers. when administered orally at a single 10(4) (cfu) dose, sc602 is both immunogenic and efficacious against shigellosis. using asd-based plasmid vectors, we de ... | 2005 | 15618162 |
| virulent shigella flexneri causes damage to mitochondria and triggers necrosis in infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans that is characterized by an acute inflammatory response of the colon. the fate of phagocytes that are infected in vitro with virulent shigella has been the subject of some investigation and debate. in this study we found that virulent shigella caused a rapid increase in the cell membrane permeability of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) but not in the cell membrane permeability of monocytes, ... | 2005 | 15618190 |
| crystal structure of the copper homeostasis protein (cutcm) from shigella flexneri at 1.7 a resolution: the first structure of a new sequence family of tim barrels. | 2005 | 15624211 | |
| bacteria spurned by self-absorbed cells. | 2005 | 15635436 | |
| [total and specific iga in colostrum and milk of mothers of natal-rio grande do norte, brasil]. | to determine the concentration of total secretory iga and evaluate the repertoire of iga antibodies to enteropathogenic escherichia coli and shigella flexneri antigens in colostrums and milk from mothers in natal, rn. | 2005 | 17768806 |
| the action of photosensitizers and serum in a bactericidal process. ii. the effects of dyes: hypericin, eosin y and saphranine o. | the aim of the present work was to recognize the reasons for differences in the photodynamic action of dyes against various bacterial strains. it is expected that a better understanding of this problem may help in design of new photosensitizers. the sensitivity of 6 various bacterial strains to the photodynamic action of 5 photosensitizers was determined. the hydrophobicity of cell surface and susceptibility of bacteria to the natural defense mechanism of human serum, were estimated. the differe ... | 2005 | 16599305 |
| cephalosporin resistant shigella flexneri from a clinical isolate--a rare finding. | shigellosis is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. antibiotic treatment of dysentery aimed at resolving diarrhea or reducing its duration, and to prevent transmission to other close contacts. isolates with resistance to first line drugs have been reported throughout world, third generation cephalosporins and quinolones are mainstay of treatment. shigella flexneri resistant to third generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate is a rare finding, and this has ... | 2005 | 16438280 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in simulated human gastric fluid. | human disease caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 is a function of the number of cells that are present at potential sites of infection and host susceptibility. such infectious doses are a result, in part, of the quantity of cells that are ingested and that survive human host defenses, such as the low-ph environment of the stomach. to more fully understand the kinetics of e. coli o157:h7 survival in gastric fluid, individual e. coli o157:h7 strains were suspended in various media (i.e., saline, c ... | 2005 | 15640204 |
| immunoproteomics of outer membrane proteins and extracellular proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | shigella flexneri 2a is an important pathogen causing bacillary dysentery in humans. in order to investigate any potential vaccine candidate proteins present in outer membrane proteins (omps) and extracellular proteins of s. flexneri 2a 2457t, we use the proteome mapping and database analyzing techniques. a subproteome map and database of omps were established first. one hundred and nine of the total 126 marked spots were cut out and processed to maldi-tof-ms and pmf. eighty-seven spots were ide ... | 2005 | 16281178 |
| antimicrobial activity of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2-ethanediols, 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2,3,4-butanetetraols and their feiii, cuii, and agi complexes. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with fecl3, cucl2, and agno3 were synthesized; antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis, and antifungal activity against candida albicans. the a ... | 2005 | 16681141 |
| antimicrobial activity of znii, cdii, and hgii complexes of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols and 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with zncl2, cdcl2 and hgcl2 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against candida albicans. hgii complexes have ... | 2005 | 16681142 |
| genomic divergence of escherichia coli strains: evidence for horizontal transfer and variation in mutation rates. | this report describes the sequencing in the escherichia coli b genome of 36 randomly chosen regions that are present in most or all of the fully sequenced e. coli genomes. the phylogenetic relationships among e. coli strains were examined, and evidence for the horizontal gene transfer and variation in mutation rates was determined. the overall phylogenetic tree indicated that e. coli b and k-12 are the most closely related strains, with e. coli o157:h7 being more distantly related, shigella flex ... | 2005 | 16562379 |
| micronodular encephalitis and acute leukemia treated with immunosuppressives in a child. | the present paper is the study of a micronodular encephalitis with inclusions occurring in a child suffering from acute leukemia treated with antimitotics and immunosuppressives. the role of the immunosuppressive treatment in the onset of the encephalitic syndrome is discussed. | 2005 | 1242214 |
| phloroglucinol derivatives of eleven dryopteris species from japan. | 2005 | 1197418 | |
| register of psychiatrists in training. | 2005 | 1276791 | |
| 2-aryloxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazines, a new class of antidepressants. | some 2-aryloxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazines have been shown to possess marked antidepressant activity. the 1,4-oxazines were synthesized by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the readily available 6-aryloxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-3-ones. high antidepressant activity was associated with ortho substitution of the 2-phenoxymethyl group and with 1,4-oxazines devoid of 4-substituents. | 2005 | 1151970 |
| carcinoma of the male breast metastatic to the mandible. | a case is reported of male breast carcinoma which, among other bony sites, metastasized to the mandible. this case and the review of the literature illustrate the need to include the mandible in bone scans for metastatic disease in breast cancer. | 2005 | 1310607 |
| [hyperosmotic, hyperglycemic, non-ketotic diabetic coma]. | 2005 | 1251624 | |
| [treatment of ulcers and necrosis]. | 2005 | 1196078 | |
| [production of tropane alkaloids in tissue cultures (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 1187871 | |
| practical use of electron microscopy for the diagnosis of glomerular disease. | in the past few years many clinically significant new glomerular lesions have been reported from observations made on renal biopsy specimens by electron microscopy. the clinical applicability of electron microscopy is illustrated by examples of specific ultrastructural patterns of glomerular reaction making possible a more accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the response to treatment. | 2005 | 1150220 |
| pattern and depth discrimination from random dot stereograms. | the discrimination of depth and pattern was investigated using random dot stereograms. for all four subjects, the psychometric function for depth judgments (probability of correct response) was clearly superior to pattern judgments over a range of ten crossed or uncrossed binocular disparity values. degrading the visual images, either monocularly or binocularly, with various convex lens power (fogging lenses) reduced both depth and pattern discrimination across all disparity values, rather than ... | 2005 | 1130488 |
| [open study of clopirac in the treatment of non articular rheumatism (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 1084347 | |
| morphometric analysis of the loss of chief and parietal cells after partial gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer. | relative chief and parietal cell volume densities were estimated morphometrically in the remnant mucosa of 98 male patients ("series"), operated on for duodenal ulcer by the billroth ii, and in the body mucosa of 55 subjects, age and sex matched, from a random series of a finnish population ("controls"). the relative volumes of chief and parietal cells were significantly lower in the series than in the controls. the mean chief cell: parietal cell ratio was significantly higher in the series than ... | 2005 | 549432 |
| a volumetric assessment of pollen levels in the air of ann arbor, michigan. | 2005 | 1196148 | |
| letter: regulation of medical practice by government. | 2005 | 1178002 | |
| infant development. | 2005 | 2366208 | |
| chromosomal aberrations defining uveal melanoma of poor prognosis. | 2005 | 1347396 | |
| chromosomal aberrations defining uveal melanoma of poor prognosis. | 2005 | 1347396 | |
| [diagnosis of bladder cancer by cytogenetic method]. | 2005 | 3437647 | |
| [diagnosis of bladder cancer by cytogenetic method]. | 2005 | 3437647 | |
| hazards of combined beta-blocker/diuretic tablets. | 2005 | 2860426 | |
| determination of cerebral perfusion by means of planar brain scintigraphy and 99mtc-hmpao in brain death, persistent vegetative state and severe coma. | a total of 24 patients with clinical evidence of brain death (n = 17), severe coma (n = 2; gcs approximately 3) and apallic syndrome (n = 4) underwent a comparative investigation with 99mtc-hmpao brain scintigraphy, eeg, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials. accompanied by eeg and evoked potentials, brain scintigraphy enabled confirmation of cerebral death in 15/17 patients. in one case clinical examination and evoked potentials suggest brain death, but cerebral perfusion and eeg were no ... | 2005 | 1613202 |
| ovulation induction and neural tube defects. | 2005 | 1978153 | |
| neonatal tetanus: a developmental follow-up study. | 2005 | 1278947 | |
| new algorithm to model protein-protein recognition based on surface complementarity. applications to antibody-antigen docking. | a novel algorithm is presented which models protein-protein interactions using surface complementarity. the method is applied to antibody-antigen docking. a steric scoring scheme, based upon a soft potential, is used to assess complementarity, and a simple electrostatic model is then used to remove infeasible interactions. the soft potential allows for structural changes that occur during docking. biochemical knowledge is necessary to reduce the number of docking orientations produced by the met ... | 2005 | 1280302 |
| potent block of cl- channels by antiallergic drugs. | two antiallergic drugs, cromolyn and ru 31156, were examined for their potency to block intermediate-conductance cl- channels. for this, single cl- channel activities of mucosal-type mast cells (rbl-2h3) and alternatively, of colonic carcinoma cells (ht29) were monitored employing the patch-clamp technique in the inside-out patch configuration. here we show that intermediate-conductance cl- channels of either cell type were blocked by both compounds. cl- channel inhibition occurred by a slow rat ... | 2005 | 1280136 |
| primary nerve repair in the upper limb. our preferred methods: theory and practical applications. | after years of controversy, it is now generally agreed that primary nerve repair by end-to-end coaptation, whenever feasible, yields better results than secondary procedures. we reviewed the theoretic basis of current methods of repair and described our preferred techniques and indications. | 2005 | 1400607 |
| letter: vaginal candidosis. | 2005 | 1276796 | |
| [functional state of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system in patients with chronic cholecystitis]. | 2005 | 1274320 | |
| an acrylamide gel recombination assay for glycoprotein hormone subunits. | a specific and sensitive assay for recombination of the subunits of hcg and other glycoprotein hormones (lh, fsh, and tsh) is presented. the assay depends on the ability of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) to separate clearly the subunits from native hormone. iodinated subunit is incubated with its identical unlabeled subunit and complementary subunit. quantitative displacement of the radioactivity to the native hormone position as followed by gel slicing is us ... | 2005 | 1248459 |
| epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. | 2005 | 1236552 | |
| editorial: the big or the little operation? | 2005 | 1214679 | |
| conceptual thinking and survival. | 2005 | 1196167 | |
| germ cell tumors of the central nervous system: a case report and review of literature. | 2005 | 1196149 | |
| [psychological changes in patients with parkinson's disease during treatment with l-dopa. interpretation and comprehension of the observed phenomena]. | 2005 | 1233896 | |
| [functional analysis of contemporary mental health]. | 2005 | 1233888 | |
| studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. the thiamin requirement of turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | 1. seven groups of young turbot (scophthalmus maximus) were given diets containing graded levels of thiamin (0-19--50 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and their growth rate was measured during this period. 2. good growth was obtained on all these treatments except in the group given the lowest dietary thiamin level (0-19 mg/kg). these fish grew normally until the 12th week but thereafter their weight did not increase. 3. measurements of erythrocyte transketolase (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde-3 ... | 2005 | 1201262 |
| the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin hammersmith. | oxygen dissociation studies were carried out on red cells and lysates from a patient heterozygous for hb hammersmith. the oxygen affinity of the cells at ph 7.1 was decreased, partly by an increased cellular concentration of 2,3-dpg and more importantly by an intrinsic low affinity of hb hammersmity. haem-haem interactions were reduced and an abnormal bohr effect (ph 7.1-7.4) was found in the cells which would bring about an additional decrease in oxygen affinity at physiological ph. oxygen diss ... | 2005 | 1201210 |