Publications

human papilloma virus dna detection in oral lesions in the greek population.	hpvs (human papilloma viruses) are small dna "epitheliotropic" viruses, implicated in cervical carcinogenesis, particularly the "high-oncogenic-risk" types hpv-16 and hpv-18. data concerning oral carcinogenesis are however, contradictory. we examined the presence of hpv and subsequently hpv-16 and hpv-18 in 102 specimens of paraffin-embedded oral tissue blocks--81 oral squamous cell carcinomas and 21 oral hyperplasias--using pcr technique followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. our results demo ...	1999	10365111
response to il-6 of hpv-18 cervical carcinoma cell lines.	the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) upstream regulatory region (urr) controls cell type-specific expression of the viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. the hpv-18 urr is active in the cervical carcinoma cell line hela but inactive in the hepatoma cell line hepg2. c/ebpss (nf-il-6) was shown to participate as an important regulator in hpv transcription dependent on the cell type. the finding that c/epbss is critical for hpv-18 urr activity and that c/epbss is induced by il-6 offers the opportunity ...	1999	10366571
oral vaccination of mice with human papillomavirus virus-like particles induces systemic virus-neutralizing antibodies.	to assess whether oral vaccination against human papillomavirus (hpv) may be feasible, we administered hpv virus-like particles (vlps) to mice by gavage. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) results indicated that serum anti-vlp immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibodies were induced after oral vaccination, and these responses demonstrated antigenic specificities that were conformationally dependent and restricted according to hpv genotype. importantly, orally induced postimmune sera were fo ...	1999	10367945
pap smears: screening, interpretation, treatment.	cervical cancer remains an important public health problem in the united states. cervical dysplasia and rarely carcinoma in situ can occur during adolescence, especially in adolescents who become sexually active with multiple partners or who have been exposed to hpv, especially types 16 and 18. papanicolaou smear is recommended for any adolescent who has ever been sexually active or exposed to human papillomavirus or is 18 years of age. this article discusses the new classification systems for c ...	1999	10370708
advances in the diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus infections.	during the past decade, much has been learned about the natural history of hpv. most infections occur early in one's sexual life. the overwhelming majority of infections are cleared by the host immune system and never present as warts or neoplasia. certain patient behavior such as smoking, frequent sex with many different partners, other std infections, especially hiv, and immune-suppressive drugs promote hpv expression and cause persistent infection. persistent hpv infection is very strongly re ...	1999	10370842
a matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus dna, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy.	to compare the prevalence and type of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in the genital tract of human-immunodeficiency-virus- (hiv) seropositive and -seronegative women matched for cytology and to examine prospectively the relationship of hpv dna, colposcopic findings and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) in these matched seropositive and seronegative cohorts.	1999	10371475
activation of rna polymerase iii transcription in cells transformed by simian virus 40.	rna polymerase (pol) iii transcription is abnormally active in fibroblasts that have been transformed by simian virus 40 (sv40). this report presents evidence that two separate components of the general pol iii transcription apparatus, tfiiib and tfiiic2, are deregulated following sv40 transformation. tfiiic2 subunits are expressed at abnormally high levels in sv40-transformed cells, an effect which is observed at both protein and mrna levels. in untransformed fibroblasts, tfiiib is subject to r ...	1999	10373542
detection of human papilloma virus and epstein-barr virus dna in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction.	nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is an unique epithelial malignancy which occurs at a high frequency in certain regions of southeast asia. human papilloma virus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) have both been identified in tissue specimens from npc. nevertheless, the association between viral infection and npc remains unclear. the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that simultaneous infection with ebv and hpv can occur in npc. eighty-eight fresh tissue samples which contained sufficient an ...	1999	10375867
evaluation of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.	to investigate the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the coexistence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.	1999	10376431
the nature of the attenuation of salmonella typhimurium strains expressing human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles determines the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in nasally immunized mice.	we have recently shown by using a recombinant salmonella typhimurium phopc strain in mice the feasibility of using a salmonella-based vaccine to prevent infection by the genital human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16). here, we compare the hpv16-specific antibody responses elicited by nasal immunization with recombinant s. typhimurium strains harboring attenuations that, in contrast to phopc, are suitable for human use. for this purpose, chi4989 (deltacya deltacrp) and chi4990 [deltacya delta(crp-c ...	1999	10377159
[transformation of immortalized rat embryonic fibroblasts by the e7 gene of human type 16 papillomavirus].		1999	10377575
rapid dna mutation identification and fingerprinting using base excision sequence scanning.	base excision sequence scanning (bess) is a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based mutation scanning method that locates and identifies all dna mutations. the bess method consists of two procedures that generate "t" (bess t-scan) and "g" ladders (bess g-tracker) analogous to t and g ladders of dideoxy sequencing. the bess procedures are simple to perform and require no special equipment or gels, no reaction optimization beyond pcr, and no heteroduplex formation. the samples are analyzed on st ...	1999	10380756
implication of p53 in growth arrest and apoptosis induced by the synthetic retinoid cd437 in human lung cancer cells.	cd437 is a novel retinoid that can induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell types by an unknown mechanism. we found that cd437 up-regulated the expression of p21(waf1/cip1), bax, and killer/dr5 and induced g1 arrest and rapid apoptosis in three human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines with wild-type p53 but not in five cell lines with mutant p53, suggesting a role for p53 in the effects of cd437. using h460 cells in which wild-type p53 protein was degraded by transfection of the human p ...	1999	10383141
p16/prb pathway alterations are required for bypassing senescence in human prostate epithelial cells.	the cell cycle regulatory genes p16/cdkn2 and rb are frequently deleted in prostate cancers. in this study, we examined the role of alterations in p16 and prb during growth, senescence, and immortalization in vitro of human prostate epithelial cells (hpecs). hpecs are established from normal prostate tissues and cultured on collagen-coated dishes. our results show that p16 is reproducibly elevated at senescence in hpecs. hpecs are immortalized using human papilloma virus 16 e6 and/or e7 as molec ...	1999	10383161
the human papillomavirus type 11 upstream regulatory region triggers hair-follicle-specific gene expression in transgenic mice.	we have generated transgenic mice carrying the urr of the human papillomavirus type 11 ligated in front of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase coding region sequence. using x-gal staining to demonstrate beta-galactosidase production, we observed a hair-specific transcription of the reporter gene. this transcription was limited to the epithelial cells of the hair bulge region. the transgene was developmentally regulated, as no lacz staining was demonstrated during embryogenesis and specific s ...	1999	10383735
squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in brazil: prognostic importance of host and viral variables.	certain clinicopathologic features of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma have been correlated with adverse prognosis. however, few large-scale studies have addressed their role in patient survival. this study examined the relationship between multiple variables and prognosis in a large group of vulvar cancers in brazil.	1999	10385552
evolutionary relationships among seventeen human papillomavirus genotypes.	the dna and the protein sequences of the six major open reading frames (orfs) of 17 human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes have been carefully aligned. conserved primary and probable secondary structural features of the proteins have been identified. from the analysis of variations in the aligned positions, the most consistent evolutionary relationships have been reconstructed for each gene and for the genomes as a whole. the l1 gene encoding the major capsid protein and the e1 gene encoding a rep ...	1999	12901616
anal dysplasia in men who have sex with men.	risk factors for anal cancer include anal intercourse and infection with multiple strains of human papillomavirus, the causative agent of anal precancerous dysplasia. several recent studies have shown that hiv-seropositive gay men are at greater risk for anal dysplastic lesions than seronegative gay men. moreover, the risk for detection and progression of dysplastic lesions grows as the cd4+ cell count declines. a surgeon with a practice that includes gay men referred for anorectal disease prese ...	1999	12728907
updates and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of cin.	this paper presents the discourse of dr. genera a. manuel-limson entitled "updates and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin)." manuel-limson's discussion on diagnostic procedures for cin includes pap smear, colposcopy, cervicography, human papilloma virus testing and endocervical curettage (ecc). it is noted that pap smear is the most cost-effective cancer screening at present. however, there are cases such as the screening for high-grade squ ...	1999	12179671
1998 management recommendations for sexually transmitted diseases.	this article, intended for use by practitioners in india, summarizes the us centers for disease control's recommendations for the management of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). the stds presented are chancroid, genital herpes, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, syphilis, urethritis, chlamydia, gonococcal infection, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, human papillomavirus infection, warts, hepatitis b, and ect ...	1999	12295052
[cloning and expressing of human papillomavirus 16 e7c subgene].	to develop vaccine against hpv16 is the hotspot in this field, this study was to pave the rudiment for this purpose.	1999	12567436
[immortalization of human fetal esophageal epithelial cells induced by e6 and e7 genes of human papilloma virus 18].	for studying the relationship between hpv and esophageal carcinoma, an immortalized human fetal esophageal epithelial cell line (shee) was established.	1999	12569775
[genotyping of human papillomavirus genotyes in cervical scrapes by line probe assay].	to pursue the further development of a practical hpv genotyping system applicable for mass screening.	1999	12759942
[study on the association between squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hpv subgene by pcr].	to measure the human papilloma virus(hpv) hpv-e1 in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.	1999	12764861
imiquimod.	the imidazoquinoline, imiquimod, is a low molecular weight, synthetic immune response modifier that is used for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts. it is formulated in a 5% vanishing cream as aldara. this self-applied therapy has shown good efficacy and safety in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the antiviral mechanism of action of this compound is unlike any other approved antiviral therapy in that it induces ...	1999	12973395
sexually transmitted diseases in africa: time for action.	sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are major public health problems which often lead to serious complications and sequelae, including infertility. infection with stds also facilitates the transmission of hiv, making the early diagnosis and care of stds integrated into other services one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the spread of hiv. the direct and indirect costs of stds worldwide are considerable. sub-saharan africa ranks first in std yearly incidence compared to other ...	1998	12348788
imiquimod 5% cream (aldara).	imiquimod is a novel synthetic molecule with potent immune-modifying activities. formulated in a 5% vanishing cream as aldara, this self-applied therapy has shown good efficacy and safety in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) infection (condyloma acuminata). the molecule does not demonstrate direct antiviral activity, but through induction of cytokines results in immune-based resolution of wart tissue and reduction of viral burden. phase iii ...	1998	15991984
specific therapies for human papilloma virus infections.	human papillomavirus induces the hyperproliferation of epithelial cells, leading to a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from benign warts to malignant neoplasms, depending on the location of the lesion, the immune status of the patient and the type of human papillomavirus. current therapies for human papillomavirus-associated diseases are based on the excision or ablation of dysplastic or malignant tissue, and are associated with a high frequency of recurrent disease, discomfort and cost ...	1998	17035751
anogenital human papilloma virus and the problem of persistence.	it has been known since antiquity that genital warts (condylomata acuminata) are a sexually transmitted disease. since the late 1970s it has become increasingly clear that infections by the same virus, human papilloma virus (hpv) are closely implicated in the aetiology of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas and in their precursors, known as dysplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil). the natural history of these cancer precursors is characterised by regr ...	1998	10387956
imiqimod in clinical practice.	imiquimod 5% cream is a new compound which modifies the immune response by stimulating the production of interferon alpha and other cytokines. it has shown remarkable promise in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts when applied overnight, three times a week. it is also associated with a lower recurrence than those found with other current treatments. this paper reviews two of the pivotal multi-centre studies which confirm its efficacy in human papilloma virus (hpv) infections. th ...	1998	10387959
the proliferative properties of tumor cells differentially correlate with the host immune responses in anogenital bowen's disease.	bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that rarely invades into the underlying dermis. in order to evaluate the relationship between the cytological properties of the tumor cells and the host immune response, we have examined the expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and the number of mitotic cells, clumping cells, koilocytes, langerhans cells (lcs) and dermal lymphoid cell infiltration in 18 cases of anogenital bowen's disease. when compared with normal ...	1998	10342748
expression patterns of the human papillomavirus type 16 transcription factor e2 in low- and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	specific antibodies against the c-terminus of e2, produced by affinity purification of polyclonal antisera, have been used to identify the cellular populations which express the hpv 16 e2 transcription factor, in a series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissues. cases were selected for both the presence of hpv 16 dna (confirmed by multiple gene-specific pcr detections) and the presence of multiple grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the data indicate that e2 express ...	1998	10211116
a two-tier polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing method for detecting and typing human papillomaviruses in pathological specimens.	an in-house polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing (pcr-ds) approach for hpv detection and typing was developed, taking advantage of two widely used pairs of human papillomavirus (hpv)-specific pcr primers, my09/my11 and gp5/gp6, and 33p-labeled dideoxynucleotides. in this study, 105 pathological specimens were examined: 89% were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grade i-iii, 76.2% were hpv-positive by pcr-ds. the pcr using gp5/gp6 (first tier) and my09/my11 primers (sec ...	1998	10207670
an aggressive and invasive growth of juvenile papillomas involving the total respiratory tract.	a malignant course of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis has rarely been reported. in the present case the patient had had laryngeal papillomas since the age of three years. the papillomas gradually spread to the entire respiratory system, and during 30 years the patient was operated on more than 80 times. at present an invasive tumour spreading from the tongue into the parapharyngeal space, extending to the cranial base, has been demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (mri). intralesional th ...	1998	10197157
heterogeneity of human papillomavirus dna in a patient with bowenoid papulosis that progressed to squamous cell carcinoma.	bowenoid papulosis (bp) of the genitalia, characterized by the histological findings of a squamous cell carcinoma, follows a largely benign clinical course. the detection of oncogenic human papilloma viruses (hpv) from bp points to an aetiological role of these viral infections. a 47-year-old man with multiple genital skin lesions was seen over a 10-year period with the diagnosis of bp. recently, he attended again with a recurrent genital tumour that was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. his ...	1998	9990379
detection of human papillomavirus types in cervical adenocarcinoma by the polymerase chain reaction.	to determine the human papillomavirus (hpv) types in cervical adenocarcinoma of patients from taiwan.	1998	9989896
viruses and human cancer.	several kinds of viruses cause cancer in humans, accounting for 10-20% of cancer worldwide. human cancer viruses include human papillomavirus, hepatitis b virus, epstein-barr virus, human t cell lymphotropic virus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. cancer viruses alter the machinery of the infected cell to promote their own survival and growth. in the process, they interfere with normal cellular control mechanisms, leading to abnormal growth, genetic alterations and malignancy. studie ...	1998	10093516
potentiation of e7 antisense rna-induced antitumor immunity by co-delivery of il-12 gene in hpv16 dna-positive mouse tumor.	down-regulation of oncogene expression by antisense-based gene therapy has been extensively studied, and in some cases, therapeutic effects have been demonstrated. we have previously shown that down-regulation of hpv16 e6 and e7 gene expression inhibited hpv dna-positive c3 mouse tumor growth. although not all of the tumor cells were transfected by pu6e7as plasmid, complete tumor regression was achieved if the tumor size was small at the start of therapy in a syngeneic host. this suggests that s ...	1998	9930299
[current epidemiology of vulvar cancer].	cancer of the vulva is a rare disease accounting for only 3 to 5% of all gynaecologic cancers. the incidence rates of this cancer vary depending upon the country considered, the lowest rates being reported for asian and african populations. an increased incidence of in situ carcinomas of the vulva has been noted recently among young women. in this population, the risk factors are: a young age at first sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a low socio-cultural level, previous infection by ...	1998	9923114
randomised double blind trial of emla for the control of pain related to cryotherapy in the treatment of genital hpv lesions.	to evaluate the efficacy of emla (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic) for the control of pain related to cryotherapy for the treatment of human papilloma virus (hpv) in the outpatient setting.	1998	9924468
human papilloma virus (hpv) type 16 and 18 detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	recently the hpv genome has been detected in 75-80% of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinomas. high-risk hpv 16,18,31,33, and 45 are frequently associated with invasive carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and nasal cavity. in this study we investigated the association of hpv16 and 18 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnscc) using pcr-based methods.	1998	9891554
toward a human papillomavirus vaccine.	much progress has been made over the past 10 years with regard to development of a vaccine active against hpv. successful protection has been achieved in animal models using species-specific papillomaviruses; however, hpv diversity may delay the development of successful hpv vaccines, especially those designed as therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of hpv-induced carcinoma and high-grade dysplasia of the cervix. difficulties arise with regard to assessment of efficacy of potential vaccines. t ...	1998	9891690
microsatellite instability in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	we studied the incidence of microsatellite instability (mi) in lesions defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the human papillomavirus (hpv) status of the tissues was also determined. dna from tissue samples and autologous lymphocytes were studied for five loci located within or adjacent to the dna mismatch repair genes. replicate errors were detected in 7 out of 47 (14.8%) samples of cervical tissue from 24 women. our results indicate that the defect in dna repair-associated genes ...	1998	9894776
basal cell carcinoma of the genitalia.	basal cell carcinomas (bcc) arising on the genitalia are exceedingly rare with an unclear pathogenesis.	1998	9865204
specific expression of epstein-barr virus in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas from heart transplant recipients.	we investigated a swedish group of 114 immunosuppressed cardiac allograft patients for the occurrence of posttransplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. a total of 15 tumors were detected in specimens from 5 patients.	1998	9869095
a longitudinal study of human papillomavirus carriage in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women.	we sought to determine the relationship of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus to carriage of oncogenic human papillomavirus.	1998	9609571
association of human papillomavirus type 11 with carcinoma of the penis.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are epithelium-tropic viruses associated with several cutaneous, epithelial, and mucosal lesions. the oncogenic potential varies considerably among the more than 70 different genotypes so far identified. hpv 6 and 11 are generally found in benign genital condilomata or laryngeal papillomas, but they have been sporadically associated with genital malignancies. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primed by degenerated consensus oligonucleotides (from a late region of the ...	1998	9609652
different risk factor patterns for high-grade and low-grade intraepithelial lesions on the cervix among hpv-positive and hpv-negative young women.	risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have most often been studied in high-grade lesions. furthermore, in a high proportion of the studies, human papillomavirus (hpv), the most significant risk determinant of cervical neoplasia, was not taken into account when evaluating other risk factors. to compare risk factors for ascus (atypical cells of undetermined significance), lsil (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and hsil (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), we conduc ...	1998	9610715
serologic profile of some sexually transmitted diseases in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions.	the purpose of this study consisted of the evaluation of some sexually transmitted diseases in patients with cervical pathology, namely squamous intraepithelial lesions.	1998	9611052
comparison of molecular changes in lung cancers in hiv-positive and hiv-indeterminate subjects.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been associated with an increasing incidence of malignancy, and hiv-infected persons have an increased incidence of primary lung carcinoma compared with the general population.	1998	9605900
[human papillomavirus, neonatal giant cell hepatitis and biliary duct atresia].	we previously recognized the presence of hpv-dna in cases of idiopathic neonatal giant cell hepatitis (ingch) and extrahepatic biliary duct atresia (ebda) in archivated tissue using the pcr technique. in order to investigate a possible vertical transmission we looked for the presence of hpv-dna in cervical swabs in the mothers along with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue from 3 infants with ingch and 4 patients with ebda by nested-pcr. cervical smears showed koilocytosis consistent ...	1998	9607071
colposcopic appearance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is age dependent.	we investigated to determine whether colposcopic, histologic, and virologic parameters of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are influenced by a patient's age.	1998	9822520
trans-activating activity of the e6 proteins of the human papillomavirus (hpv) type-11 and -16 on the pe1e4 promoter of hpv-11 in c33a cells.	we investigated trans-activating effects of the full-length e6 protein of hpv-16 (16e6) and the e6 protein of hpv-11 (11e6) on the pe1e4 promoter of hpv-11 in c33a cells which lack normal function of p53. 16e6 showed no significant activation of the reporter plasmid containing pe1e4 and the upstream sequence, including the long control region (lcr). in contrast, 11e6 activated the promoter in a dose dependent manner, while relatively high doses of 11e6 were required to activate the promoter. whe ...	1998	9824640
molecular analysis of ras oncogenes in cin iii and in stage i and ii invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.	to examine the prevalence of genital type human papilloma virus (hpv) and mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 in h, ki, and n-ras in cin iii and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix.	1998	9828814
expression of keratin 13, 14 and 19 in oral squamous cell carcinomas from sudanese snuff dippers: lack of association with human papillomavirus infection.	in stratified squamous epithelia, altered expression of keratins (ks) is one possible marker of malignant potential. in the epithelium of the uterine cervix, presence of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is increasingly regarded as a marker of risk for cervical cancer. however, a similar role in oral cancer and precancer remains controversial. to address these questions, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral carcinomas from sudanese snuff dippers (n=14) and oral carcinomas from sudanese (n=14), swe ...	1998	9833698
detection and typing of human papillomavirus dna in benign and malignant tumours of laryngeal epithelium.	the role of human papillomaviruses (hpv) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been established. thirty-three cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were analysed for the presence of hpv dna and compared with 25 cases of normal larynx and 29 cases of laryngeal squamous papilloma in their positivity index. the presence of hpv dna was analysed by using l1 consensus primers and also by primers specific for the e7 gene of hpv types 16 and 18. four normal laryngeal samples (16%) were p ...	1998	9840518
high-risk human papillomavirus infection and overexpression of p53 protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus from japan.	the present study was undertaken in order to investigate the possible involvement of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv; types 16 and 18) or the overexpression of p53 protein in 123 japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) from five different institutions. we detected hpv dna in 30.1% (37/123) by in situ hybridization (ish). of these 123 cases, hpv type 16 was detected in 22 cases and hpv type 18 in 23 cases. in addition, hpv types 16 and 18 were detected simultaneously i ...	1998	9844797
hpv and cancer: the story unfolds.		1998	9846352
high prevalence of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women treated for pelvic inflammatory disease.	because human papillomavirus (hpv) is sexually transmitted, as are pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) agents, the authors investigated whether cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin) are more frequent in women under treatment for pid. the study involved 298 patients hospitalized for pid, in whom cin were investigated by smears and colposcopy. cin were diagnosed in 42 patients, i.e. in 14% of patients: 21 low-grade cin and 21 high-grade cin, including one case of early-stage microinvasion. these ...	1998	9846714
expression status of p16 protein is associated with human papillomavirus oncogenic potential in cervical and genital lesions.	the p16 protein (p16) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the cdks that phosphorylate retinoblastoma (rb) protein. recent biological studies have revealed that p16 expression is markedly influenced by the status of rb expression, and p16 overexpression has been demonstrated in cervical cancers because of functional inactivation of rb by human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 protein. to clarify the relationship between p16 overexpression and hpv in ...	1998	9846965
[hybrid tumor of the penis: is this denomination correct?].	few cases of verrucous carcinoma of the penis with foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma have been reported and denominated "hybrid tumors". the accuracy of this term is discussed in this paper.	1998	9859589
detection of hpv-16 genome in human oral cancers and potentially malignant lesions from india.	the presence of high risk human papilloma virus (hpv) 16 and 18 was examined in 100 oral cancer patients of indian descent, 80 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions and corresponding clinically normal mucosa from 48 of these patients. additionally, presence of hpv-33, -6 and -11 was also studied in 86 oral cancers, 50 potentially malignant oral lesions and 30 corresponding normal oral mucosa. all the patients with oral cancer and oral lesions, were long term tobacco-chewers, and a maj ...	1998	9861351
gynaecological conditions associated with hiv infection in women who are partners of hiv-positive thai blood donors.	women who were partners of hiv-positive blood donors were enrolled in a study of heterosexual hiv transmission between march 1992 and december 1996 and were interviewed and examined. gynaecological conditions, including cervical dysplasia, human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and syphilis were assessed in addition to hiv status and cd4 level. of 481 women enrolled, 224 (46.6%) were hiv seropositive. hiv-i ...	1998	9863581
therapeutic evaluation of compounds in the scid-ra papillomavirus model.	a previous study by kreider (kreider et al., 1979) indicated that rabbit skin, which had been transplanted to immunodeficient nude mice, could be successfully infected with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (crpv). we have extended this observation in developing a rodent model for evaluation of compounds for activity against the papillomaviruses. in this model (called the scid-ra model), rabbit ear skin is transplanted to the dorsum of scid mice and allowed to heal for 3 weeks. infection with crp ...	1998	9864047
fixation conditions for dna and rna in situ hybridization: a reassessment of molecular morphology dogma.	neutral buffered formalin (nbf) (4% neutral buffered formaldehyde) has been advocated by most investigators as the primary fixative of choice for in situ hybridization (ish), and specific anecdotal cautions interdicting the use of precipitating fixatives, which otherwise may offer certain advantages such as superior nuclear detail, are common. few systematic studies addressing ish fixation conditions have been published. we reasoned that heavy metals present in some precipitating fixatives may c ...	1998	9422521
human papillomavirus infection in esophageal carcinomas: a study of 121 lesions using multiple broad-spectrum polymerase chain reactions and literature review.	to elucidate the putative role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in the etiology of esophageal cancer, 121 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens originating from a non-high-incidence area for this carcinoma, from slovenia, were screened for hpv infection using eight different polymerase chain reactions (pcr). three different hpv consensus primer sets and four primer sets specific for hpv types 6, 16, and 18 failed to detect hpv dna sequences in any of the tumor samples. fragments of ...	1998	9496830
biologic activity of oligonucleotides with polarity and anomeric center reversal.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 e6 and e7 inactivate the tumor suppressors p53 and prb, respectively. both viral oncoproteins play important roles in maintaining the transformed phenotype of cells. in this study, we examine the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with polarity and anomeric center reversal (alpha/beta-odns). odns of the general structure 5'alphan3'3'nnn5'5'alphan3'3'nnnn5'5'alphan3+ ++'3'n5' were synthesized using phosphoramidite dna chemistry. these alpha/beta-odns wer ...	1998	9593047
mice expressing the e7 oncogene of hpv16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral anergising tolerance, to e7-encoded cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes.	in order to derive mice which expressed both the e7 open reading frame transgene of human papillomavirus type 16 in skin and mhc class 1 restriction elements for several e7-encoded cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes, k14.hpv16e7 mice which express e7 in basal keratinocytes were crossed to the f1 generation with a2.1 kb transgenic mice which express the mhc binding cleft domains of human hla a*0201, and murine h-2b. f1 mice (denoted k14e7 x a2.1) expressed e7 in the thymus at least as early as ...	1998	9601506
differentiation-specific enhancer activity in transduced keratinocytes: a model for epidermal gene therapy.	hacat cells, a spontaneously immortalised, nontumorigenic keratinocyte line, were used as a more amenable model than primary keratinocytes for ex vivo-mediated gene transfer. these cells were transduced with retroviral vectors containing the factor ix cdna under the control of a cytomegaloviral (cmv) promoter/enhancer alone or as hybrids with either the human papilloma virus-16 (hpv-16), keratin 14 (hk14) or keratin 5 (hk5) regulatory elements. unlike primary keratinocytes, hacat cells tolerated ...	1998	9614560
fas ligand-mediated lysis of self bystander targets by human papillomavirus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	mouse cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) reactive with a h-2db-presented 9-mer peptide of the human papillomavirus type 16 protein e7(49-57) (rahynivtf) were generated from the spleen cells of wild-type c57bl/6 (b6) or b6 perforin-deficient (b6.p0) mice. cd8(+) b6 ctl displayed peptide-specific perforin- and fas-mediated lysis of e7-transfected mouse rma lymphoma cells (rma-e7), while cd8(+) ctl from b6.p0 mice lysed rma-e7 cells via fas ligand (fasl) exclusively. rapid and efficient lysis of syngene ...	1998	9621057
detection of human papillomavirus type 33 dna in extragenital bowen's disease with the polymerase chain reaction.	data on the association of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with extragenital bowen's disease are very scarce.	1998	9621134
transitional cell papilloma in the fossa navicularis is positive for human papillomavirus.	transitional cell papillomas rarely develop in the fossa navicularis of the anterior urethra. we observed such a case of transitional cell papilloma and detected human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) dna in this papilloma by polymerase chain reaction. to our knowledge this report is the first of hpv-infected transitional papilloma in the anterior urethra.	1998	9624566
bcl-2 and bax interactions in mitochondria probed with green fluorescent protein and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.	it has been hypothesized that interaction of bcl-2 and bax may regulate apoptosis. the spatial and temporal interaction of bcl-2 and bax at the single cell level has not, however, been demonstrated. to achieve this goal, we have developed two-fusion fret (fluorescence resonance energy transfer). using green fluorescent protein (gfp)-bax and blue fluorescent protein (bfp)-bcl-2 fusion proteins coexpressed in the same cell, we demonstrate a direct interaction between bcl-2 and bax in individual mi ...	1998	9624685
p73beta, unlike p53, suppresses growth and induces apoptosis of human papillomavirus e6-expressing cancer cells.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is the major cause of cervical cancer worldwide. hpv-e6 protein targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for degradation by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis making such cancers resistant to p53-gene therapy. here we show that infection of human cancer cells by e6-expressing adenovirus (ad-e6) leads to degradation of both wild-type or mutant p53 protein. interestingly, the p53-homologue candidate tumor suppressor p73 is not degraded in ad-e6 infected cancer cells. wild-ty ...	1998	9625796
telomerase activity as a biomarker for (pre)neoplastic cervical disease in scrapings and frozen sections from patients with abnormal cervical smear.	to evaluate the diagnostic value of semi-quantitative telomerase activity assessment in cervical scrapings together with human papillomavirus (hpv) typing for detection of (pre)neoplastic cervical lesions and to compare telomerase activity in cervical scrapings and frozen specimens from the same patients.	1998	9626226
relationship of stable integration of herpes simplex virus-2 bg/ii n subfragment xho2 to malignant transformation of human papillomavirus-immortalized cervical keratinocytes.	transfection of the right end xho2 subfragment of bg/ii n of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) into human genital keratinocytes immortalized by human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 or 18 resulted in invasive and noninvasive indolent cystic squamous carcinomas when cells were injected into immunocompromised mice. retention and expression of the right end portion of the bg/ii n fragment correlated with malignancy, as the corresponding hsv-2 sequences were integrated and transcribed in the tumorigenic c ...	1998	9626354
inactivation of p53 in a human ovarian cancer cell line increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel by inducing g2/m arrest and apoptosis.	paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle perturbation, and apoptosis were determined in a human ovarian cancer cell line expressing wt p53 (a2780) and in a subclone (a2780/e6) obtained upon transfection with the product of the e6 gene of the human papilloma virus hpv16. the inactivation of wt p53 in a2780/e6 was verified by measuring the inability of the clone to induce p53 and p21 expression after paclitaxel treatment. the p53-negative clone (a2780/e6) was approximately 50-fold more sensitiv ...	1998	9633517
risk factors for cervical presence of human papillomavirus dna among women at risk for hiv infection. dianaids collaborative study group.	risk factors for cervical infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) were assessed among 236 italian women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (intravenous drug users (ivdu) or sexual partners of males at risk for hiv infection). all study participants underwent a structured interview, determination of hiv serostatus and detection of hpv cervical infection by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, the cervical presence of hpv dna was ascertained in 86 of these 236 ...	1998	9747769
correlation between human papillomavirus dna detection in maternal cervical smears and buccal swabs of infants.	acquisition of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in buccal mucosa by the infants at birth has been investigated. presence of hpv dna was evaluated in cervical smears of 30 pregnant women before delivery and in buccal swabs of the corresponding 31 infants (1 set of twins). hpv dna was detected among the 40% of women, 16% of infants an the detection was concordant in 23 mother-infant pairs. hpv dna was demonstrated in buccal mucosal cells of 41.6% of the infants born to hpv positive mothers. ma ...	1998	9754051
detection of high-risk human papillomavirus nucleic acid in archival cervical smears.	to test the usefulness of a commercial dna hybridization assay for the detection of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) types in archival cervical smears and to compare the sensitivity with that of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using consensus primers.	1998	9755661
anogenital papillomavirus infections in children.	over the years, our impression of human papillomavirus has changed. once thought of as the cause of relatively insignificant skin lesions, its significant role in malignancy of epithelia and mucosa throughout the body is beginning to be understood. also changing, although not as rapidly as we would like is our understanding of how human papillomavirus infects the body, the concept of latency, our responses to infection, and how to modify or boost those responses so as to overcome infection. rese ...	1998	9757364
evaluation of atypical and low-grade cervical cytology in private practice.	to evaluate the adequacy of cytology alone for diagnosis of grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and to study performance of cytology, human papillomavirus (hpv) testing, and colposcopy in the evaluation of cytologic findings suggesting low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil), or atypical squamous (ascus) or atypical glandular (agcus) cells of undetermined significance.	1998	9764636
hpv 16 and cigarette smoking as risk factors for high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.	although genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is well established as the etiologic agent for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), little is known about the cofactors involved in the development of high-grade lesions or the progression of low-grade to high-grade lesions. in our study of hpv-infected women with cin (163 cin i, 51 cin ii and 44 cin iii), women with cin ii or iii were compared with those with cin i for risk factors associated with high-grade lesions. after controlling f ...	1998	9766558
in vitro propagated dendritic cells from patients with human-papilloma virus-associated preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix: use of flt3 ligand.	dendritic cells (dc) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells. the clinical use of dc as vectors for antitumor and anti-infectious disease immunotherapy has been limited by their low level and accessibility in normal tissue. substantial numbers of dc can be generated from peripheral blood cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 (il-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). we showed in this study that substantial numbers of dc can be obtained from the peripheral ...	1998	9769116
expression of the mcp-1 gene and the hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogenes in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and metastases.	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes in solid tumors. previously, for cervical carcinoma cell lines an inverse correlation between the expression of the mcp-1 gene and the human papillomavirus (hpv) oncogenes e6/e7 was described. in this study paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 25 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri were analyzed for the expression of the mcp-1 gene and the hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogenes by rna/rna in situ hybri ...	1998	9769472
loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3 in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia without concomitant cervical carcinoma.	losses of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3p are common in cervical carcinomas in the 3p13-3p21 region, and can be observed in intra-epithelial lesions accompanying cervical cancers. as a preliminary attempt to determine whether these losses can be observed in intra-epithelial cervical lesions without concomitant invasive carcinoma, we have used two microsatellite markers located at the two most frequently deleted segments of the 3p13-3p21 region. we have studied 36 cases of grade ...	1998	9769478
transcriptional regulation of the egf receptor promoter by hpv16 and retinoic acid in human ectocervical epithelial cells.	we have previously demonstrated that human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16)-immortalized human ectocervical epithelial cells and cells derived from tumors which express hpv16 oncogenes express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) compared to normal cervical cells. we have also shown that proliferation of these cells is inhibited by retinoid treatment. we have hypothesized that the retinoid inhibition of cell proliferation may be due to the retinoid-dependent reduction in egfr level. i ...	1998	9770378
human papillomavirus oncoproteins alter differentiation-dependent cell cycle exit on suspension in semisolid medium.	the suspension of keratinocytes containing episomal forms of the human papillomavirus (hpv)-31 genome in semisolid medium results in the induction of viral late functions. in this study, the suspension in semisolid medium was used to analyze how hpv deregulates the process of cell cycle exit during differentiation. in cells that contain the entire hpv-31 genome, induction of late protein synthesis was found to be linked with the expression of cyclin a. consistent with analyses in organotypic raf ...	1998	9770416
interaction of salicylic acid with verrucae assessed by ft-raman spectroscopy.	ft-raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate treated verrucae (warts from the sole of the foot) with a local application of a salicylic acid paint. differences in the molecular structure of the stratum corneum across the verruca sample were observed, and by comparison with normal and hyperkeratotic skin it was concluded that the tissue around the edges of the verrucae was typically hyperkeratotic skin. in the centre of the verruca, the molecular structure of the skin was altered showing ev ...	1998	9771616
the e7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 sensitizes primary human keratinocytes to apoptosis.	the 'high risk' human papillomaviruses are associated with the development of anogenital carcinomas and their e6 and e7 genes possess immortalizing and transforming functions in several in vitro culture systems. recently the e6 gene has also been shown to enhance the apoptosis of human mammary epithelial cells. to determine the apoptotic activity of these oncogenes in the natural host cell, we infected genital keratinocytes with retroviruses expressing either hpv-16 e6, e7, or both the e6 and e7 ...	1998	9771963
up-regulation of p53 by antisense expression of hpv18 e6 oncogene does not influence the level of mn/ca ix tumor-associated protein in hela cervical carcinoma cells.	oncogenic potential of human papillomaviruses is related to capacity of hpv-encoded oncoproteins to bind and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins. interaction of p53 with hpv e6 results in aberrant regulation of various cellular genes. we evaluated the possible involvement of mn/ca9 gene, whose expression is closely associated with cervical carcinomas, in regulatory pathways driven by p53 and e6. we demonstrated that one of the two p53 consensus sequences present in mn/ca9 promoter participates ...	1998	9772303
comparison of pcr- and hybrid capture-based human papillomavirus detection systems using multiple cervical specimen collection strategies.	this study compared the performances of three human papillomavirus (hpv) detection tests with specimens collected by three alternative procedures. the hpv tests included the hybrid capture tube test (hct), the microplate-based hybrid capture ii test (hc ii), and the my09-my11 l1 consensus primer pcr-based assay. initial cervical specimens were collected from study subjects with a broom device, and after papanicolaou smears were made, residual specimens were placed into preservcyt (pc), a liquid ...	1998	9774574
underexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors in cervical carcinoma.	recent studies have revealed a new family of tumor suppressor genes that directly implicate aberrant cell cycle regulation in tumorigenesis. the general function of these gene products is that they prevent cell cycle progression by directly interfering with cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) activation. the importance of these genes is that they are potent inhibitors of cdk. among these cell cycle inhibitors, p21(waf1/cip1) and p16 have been thoroughly studied. however, the role of p21(waf1/ci ...	1998	9784316
bowenoid papulosis showing polyclonal nature.	bowenoid papulosis (bp) is characterized clinically by its benign-looking appearance and histologically by the features of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils). the external genitalia of young people is a common site of occurrence, and most of the lesions undergo resolution by local treatments or even spontaneously. a strong association between bp and high risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv), especially hpv 16, has been reported and the incorporation of bp into the sil categor ...	1998	9785012
does typing of human papillomavirus assist in the triage of women with repeated low-grade, cervical cytologic abnormalities?		1998	9790780
l1-specific protection from tumor challenge elicited by hpv16 virus-like particles.	a single injection of hpv16 l1 virus-like particles induced potent cd8-mediated protection from tumor challenge by c3 cells, a line derived from embryonic mouse cells transfected with the hpv16 genome. l1 rna, but not protein, was detected biochemically in c3 cells. these results indicate that low-level expression of hpv16 l1 can occur in proliferating cells and serve as a tumor vaccine target. although l1 expression is generally thought to be restricted to terminally differentiated epithelial c ...	1998	9792847
familial risks in in situ cancers from the family-cancer database.	the swedish family-cancer database was used to analyze relationships between parents and offspring with in situ cancers and between in situ cancers in one generation and invasive cancer in the other generation. a total of 130,000 in situ cancers and close to 400,000 invasive cancers were included from 1959 to 1994. the data on family relationships and cancers came from registered sources and should be free from bias. the offsprings' familial relative risks (frrs) were calculated for concordant a ...	1998	9796630
condyloma acuminata: a fatal disease?	condyloma acuminata is a virally mediated epithelial overgrowth caused by the human papilloma virus. its simplest form is the common wart, which may occur almost anywhere on the body surface. its papillary lesion forms are commonly seen in the genital, perineal, and anal areas, though it also infects the conjunctiva, nose, mouth, larynx, and tracheo-bronchial tree. malignant degeneration may occur in any of these areas. diagnosis is established by clinical impression and biopsy. immunoassay meth ...	1998	9798775
in vivo survival of viral antigen-specific t cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.	a peptide derived from the human papillomavirus l2 protein is recognized by a myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific t cell clone from a multiple sclerosis patient and by mbp-specific autoantibodies purified from multiple sclerosis brain tissue. we now show in mice that low doses of this papillomavirus peptide were optimal in selecting a subpopulation of papillomavirus peptide-specific t cells that cross-reacted with mbp(87-99) and with an unrelated viral peptide derived from the bslf1 protein of e ...	1998	9802984
human hsp70 and hsp40 chaperone proteins facilitate human papillomavirus-11 e1 protein binding to the origin and stimulate cell-free dna replication.	human papillomavirus replication initiator, the e1 helicase, binds weakly to the origin of dna replication. purified human chaperone proteins hsp70 and hsp40 (hdj-1 and hdj-2) independently and additively enhanced e1 binding to the origin. the interaction between e1 and hsp70 was transient and required atp hydrolysis, whereas hsp40 bound to e1 directly and remained in the complex. a peptide of 20 residues spanning the hpd loop and helix ii of the j domain of ydj-1 also stimulated e1 binding to t ...	1998	9804845