Publications

characterization of dna uptake by the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	the binding and uptake of nick-translated 32p-labeled pbr322 by anacystis nidulans 6301 have been characterized. both processes were considerably enhanced in permeaplasts compared to cells. the breakdown of labeled dna was not correlated with binding or uptake by permeaplasts or cells. uptake of dna by permeaplasts was unaffected by: mg2+ or ca2+, light, or inhibitors of photophosphorylation such as valinomycin or gramicidin d in the presence or absence of nh4cl. atp at 2.5-10 mm inhibited both ...	1986	3093820
selectivity to k+ and na+ of protoplast fractions isolated from different regions of aspergillus nidulans hyphae.	the selectivity to k+ and na+ of protoplast samples representing cytoplasm isolated from different regions of the hyphal filament of aspergillus nidulans was investigated. concentrations of both ions contained in successive protoplast fractions were measured. during lytic digestion, protoplasts were released first from apical regions and subsequently from progressively older regions of hyphae. a low k+/na+ ratio was found in protoplasts containing primarily apical cytoplasm and a high k+/na+ rat ...	1986	3095487
isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ferredoxin i gene from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2.	two mixed oligonucleotide probes derived from conserved regions of the synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6714 ferredoxin amino acid sequence were utilized to isolate an anacystis nidulans r2 clone containing the ferredoxin i gene. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 297-base-pair (bp) open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence having high homology to other cyanobacterial ferredoxins. assuming proteolytic cleavage of the initial methionine residue, the molecular weight of the mature a. ...	1986	3096975
tallysomycin-induced mitotic aneuploidy and point mutations in aspergillus nidulans.	tallysomycin is an antibiotic compound structurally related to bleomycin, and like bleomycins and phleomycins also shows antitumour activity. we have investigated the genetic activity of tallysomycin in the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans for malsegregation of chromosomes at mitosis and for point mutations. we found that the antibiotic at very low concentrations from 0.025 to 0.2 micrograms/ml had an inhibitory effect on colonial growth of up to 50% and it increased the number of mitotic malsegr ...	1986	2457783
aspergillus nidulans 5s rrna genes and pseudogenes.	the sequence of four aspergillus nidulans 5s rrna genes and of two pseudogenes has been determined. a conserved sequence about 100 bp upstream of the 5s rrna coding sequences has been found in three genes and one pseudogene. the two pseudogenes correspond to the 5' half of the 5s rrna coding sequence and their 3' flanking sequences which are not homologous to 5s rrna are strongly conserved.	1986	3327606
genetic and molecular characterization of argb+ transformants of aspergillus nidulans.	thirty-three argb- to argb+ transformants of aspergillus nidulans have been subjected to genetic and molecular analysis. two showed high levels of mitotic instability although it is suggested that this is a consequence of heterokaryosis rather than instability of the transformation event. most transformants resulted from the integration of the transforming dna in tandem with the chromosomal argb locus. the maximum number of inserted sequences was two, to generate three copies of the argb locus. ...	1986	3327613
mitotic recombination in stable and unstable chromosome iii disomics of aspergillus nidulans.	approximately 2% of the haploid breakdown sectors of heterozygous chromosome iii disomics of aspergillus nidulans are the result of recombination between the homologous chromosomes. the exchanges are concentrated between the two mutations spanning the centromere. comparisons are made between disomics hemizygous for the sodiii a1 mutation (upshall et al. 1979) which are stable when grown at 37 degrees c, and disomics carrying the wild type allele of the sodiii a1 locus, which are unstable under a ...	1986	3327614
systems and results of tests for chemical induction of mitotic malsegregation and aneuploidy in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus several types of test systems have been developed for detection of chemicals which induce aneuploidy and/or malsegregation of chromosomes. results from 23 papers were reviewed in which numerical data for 42 chemicals had been reported. the test systems fall into two groups. one group includes all purely genetic tests that detect euploid mitotic segregants from heterozygous diploids and identify these either as products of malsegregation of chromosomes or as products of crossing-ov ...	1986	3510377
pyruvate carboxylase from saccharomyces cerevisiae. quaternary structure, effects of allosteric ligands and binding of avidin.	the quaternary structure of pyruvate carboxylase purified from saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by electron microscopic examination of negatively stained samples. in the most frequently observed projection form four intensity maxima were arranged at the corners of a rhombus; a cleft along the longitudinal axis of individual protomers could often be discerned. the observation of occasional triangular and dual-intensity projections and the interconversion of all three projection forms in ...	1986	3514213
the isolation and nucleotide sequence of the complex arom locus of aspergillus nidulans.	the arom locus of a. nidulans, which governs five consecutive steps in pre-chorismate aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, has been cloned in a bacteriophage vector. the nucleotide sequence of the locus reveals a single, open reading-frame of 4,812 base-pairs, apparently without introns. an internal segment of the a. nidulans arom sequence has extensive homology with the e. coli aroa gene that encodes the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase.	1986	3515316
the fatty acid composition of the conidia and mycelia of the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	the total fatty acids were characterized from conidia, exponential phase, and stationary phase aspergillus nidulans. several quantitative and qualitative variations were observed. most notable was the approximately 15-fold increase in linolenate observed during the 1st day of incubation and its subsequent total disappearance by day 4.	1986	3516353
mitotic crossing over in chromosome i disomics of aspergillus nidulans.	the frequency and pattern of homologous recombination in chromosome i disomics of aspergillus nidulans is presented. approximately 6% of randomly selected haploid breakdown sectors are recombinant. most of these arise from double exchange events, one of which is located in the centromere region, the other distal on the left arm. other marked regions are rarely involved in a recombination event. reciprocal genotypes arise in approximately equal frequencies indicating that exchange results in reci ...	1986	3520237
tests which distinguish induced crossing-over and aneuploidy from secondary segregation in aspergillus treated with chloral hydrate or gamma-rays.	a system of tests with the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans was devised that can detect 3 primary effects of genotoxic agents: (1) increases in mitotic crossing-over; (2) induced aneuploidy; and (3) clastogenic effects which cause chromosomal imbalance. conidia of a new diploid tester strain, heterozygous for 4 recessive markers which alter conidial color, are treated and plated onto nonselective media. in cases of induced crossing-over, large color segments are found in normal green colonies, fr ...	1986	3520302
nucleotide sequence of the triosephosphate isomerase gene from aspergillus nidulans: implications for a differential loss of introns.	a functional cdna from aspergillus nidulans encoding triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) was isolated by its ability to complement a tpi1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this cdna was used to obtain the corresponding gene, tpia. alignment of the cdna and genomic dna nucleotide sequences indicated that tpia contains five introns. the intron positions in the tpia gene were compared with those in the tpi genes of human, chicken, and maize. one intron is present at an identical position in all fou ...	1986	3521890
genetic analysis of dna repair in aspergillus: evidence for different types of mms-sensitive hyperrec mutants.	to identify genes which affect dna repair and possibly recombination in aspergillus nidulans, mutants hypersensitive to methyl methanesulphonate (mms) were induced with ultraviolet light (uv) or gamma-rays. about half of them contained associated translocations and many were hypersensitive to uv and/or defective in meiosis. two are alleles of the known uvsb gene while most others define new genes. in addition, among available uvs mutants many were found to be mms-sensitive. some of the various u ...	1986	3523224
genetic and functional analysis of beta tubulin in aspergillus nidulans.		1986	3524367
functional assembly in vitro of phycobilisomes with isolated photosystem ii particles of eukaryotic chloroplasts.	phycobiliproteins obtained by dissociation of phycobilisomes were reassociated in vitro with intact thylakoids or isolated photosystems i and ii preparations obtained from cyanophytes (prokaryotes) or green algae (eukaryotes) to form bound phycobilisome complexes. energy transfer from fremyella diplosiphon phycobiliproteins to chlorophyll a of reaction centers i and ii was measured in: complexes containing intact thylakoids of the cyanophytes f. diplosiphon or anacystis nidulans and the eukaryot ...	1986	3528156
a comparative study on selected chemical carcinogens for chromosome malsegregation, mitotic crossing-over and forward mutation induction in aspergillus nidulans.	10 "false negative" chemical carcinogens, i.e. ineffective in bacterial mutagenicity assays, were thoroughly investigated for their genotoxic activity in the mould aspergillus nidulans. forward mutations (methionine suppressors), mitotic crossing-over and chromosome malsegregation were the end-points scored. positive results were obtained in tests for the induction of mitotic segregation with benzene, ethylenethiourea and urethane, which increased the frequency of abnormal presumptive aneuploid ...	1986	3531838
transcription and processing signals in the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene from aspergillus nidulans.	the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene from aspergillus nidulans contains two 57-bp introns and codes for a 421-amino acid (aa) protein with considerable homology to the saccharomyces cerevisiae (68%) and mammalian (64%) proteins. almost total conservation is found in aspergillus of residues thought to be important to the structure and function of the yeast enzyme, and the introns fall between coding sequences for postulated structures in the n-domain. the strong codon preference found is more simil ...	1986	3533726
characterization of aspergillus nidulans mutants in carbon metabolism isolated after d-galacturonate enrichment.	a selective method for the isolation of aspergillus nidulans mutants defective in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was devised. the essential steps in the procedure were a mutagenic treatment of conidia with x-rays to about 50% survival, followed by filtration enrichment in minimal medium with d-galacturonate as sole carbon source, and rescue on complete medium with acetate. the mutants thus isolated were phenotypically characterized on the basis of growth tests, and different genotypes were a ...	1986	3534135
osmotic adjustment in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans was shown to be xerotolerant, with optimal radial growth on basal medium amended with 0.5 m nacl (osmotic potential [psi s] of medium, -3 mpa), 50% optimal growth on medium amended with 1.6 m nacl (psi s of medium, -8.7 mpa), and little growth on medium amended with 3.4 m nacl (psi s of medium, -21 mpa). the intracellular content of soluble carbohydrates and of selected cations was measured after growth on basal medium, on this medium osmotically amended with nacl, kcl, gluc ...	1986	3536874
isolation of mip (microtubule-interacting protein) mutations of aspergillus nidulans.	we identified four mutations in two previously undescribed loci involved in microtubule function in aspergillus nidulans as extragenic suppressors of bena33, a heat-sensitive beta-tubulin mutation. three of the four mutations map to a locus closely linked to ribob on linkage group viii; we designated this locus mipa (for microtubule-interacting protein). we were not able to map the remaining suppressor because of chromosomal rearrangements. however, since it recombines with ribob at a significan ...	1986	3537728
saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere cen11 does not induce chromosome instability when integrated into the aspergillus nidulans genome.	we constructed aspergillus nidulans transformation plasmids containing the a. nidulans argb+ gene and either containing or lacking centromeric dna from saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome xi (cen11). the plasmids transformed an argb aspergillus strain to arginine independence at indistinguishable frequencies. stable haploid transformants were obtained with both plasmids, and strains were identified in which the plasmids had integrated into chromosome iii by homologous recombination at the argb l ...	1986	3540597
exploiting classical genetics to clone a eukaryotic regulatory gene.		1986	3153577
genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and other chlorinated benzenes.	hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and other chlorinated benzenes have had only limited mutagenicity evaluation but tests have shown a general lack of evidence for mutagenicity. bacterial reverse mutation studies have been typically negative and only a few studies on cultured mammalian cells have been published. recent reports indicate that hcb does not induce sister chromatid exchange or dna-strand breakage in vitro. a single report of hcb-induced reverse mutation in yeast is suspect due to the failure to ...	1986	3596730
a case of guttural pouch mycosis in a horse.	a case of guttural pouch mycosis in an 11-year-old horse is described. the fungus isolated was identified as emericella nidulans. housing under bad hygienic conditions without ventilation for three years might have been a predisposing factor.	1986	3725585
genetic analysis of aspergillus nidulans amds+ transformants.	to correlate the genetic background of the aspergillus nidulans amds deletion strain mh1277 with the integrational behaviour of transforming vectors, classical genetic methods were used to construct amds- strains in which whole chromosomes had been exchanged with those of a master strain. progeny strains were transformed to the amds+ phenotype with vector p3sr2. from southern analysis it was concluded that transformants from all constructions contained tandemly repeated, multiple copy inserts of ...	1986	3543620
intracellular localization of aspergillus nidulans ornithine carbamoyltransferase in native host cells and in saccharomyces cerevisiae cells harbouring its cloned structural gene.	differential centrifugation of the aspergillus nidulans cell lysate shows that ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ec 2.1.3.3) appears mainly in the particulate (organellar) fraction. the enzyme was located to the mitochondria by co-sedimentation with cytochrome oxidase in isopycnic density gradient and by cytochemical-electron microscopic means. arginase (ec 3.5.3.1) and ornithine delta-aminotransferase (e.c. 2.6.1.13) were found to reside in cytosol. the release of ornithine carbamoyltransferase f ...	1986	3544621
primary structure of mucor miehei aspartyl protease: evidence for a zymogen intermediate.	the gene encoding the aspartyl protease of the filamentous fungus mucor miehei has been cloned in escherichia coli and the dna sequenced. the deduced primary translation product contains an n-terminal region of 69 amino acid (aa) residues not present in the mature protein. by analogy to the evolutionarily related mammalian gastric aspartyl proteases it is inferred that the primary secreted product is a zymogen containing a 47-aa propeptide. this propeptide is presumably removed in the later step ...	1986	3549462
a system for the analysis of expression signals in aspergillus.	to analyse gene expression signals in aspergillus we have constructed a set of integration vectors each of which contains in front of the escherichia coli 'lacz gene a unique bamhi site in one of the three possible translational reading frames and the a. nidulans argb gene as a selection marker. the vectors allow in-phase translational fusion of any gene to 'lacz. after transformation of an a. nidulans argb strain, the vectors integrate with a high percentage at the argb locus of the genome, as ...	1986	3549463
the subunit i of the respiratory-chain nadh dehydrogenase from cephalosporium acremonium: the evolution of a mitochondrial gene.	a cephalosporium acremonium mitochondrial gene equivalent to human urf1 has been identified. the primary structure of the protein is highly homologous to its human (39%) and a. nidulans (66%) counterparts. hydrophobicity profiles and predicted secondary structures are also very similar suggesting that this gene codes for the subunit i of the respiratory-chain nadh dehydrogenase. the nucleotide sequence of the gene, 70% homologous to the a. nidulans one, presents a high at content (72%) and this ...	1986	3447737
the watermelon mitochondrial urf-1 gene: evidence for a complex structure.	we have cloned and sequenced a fragment of watermelon mitochondrial dna (mtdna) which contains a gene homologous to mitochondrial urf-1 (unidentified reading frame-1) of vertebrates, drosophila yakuba and aspergillus nidulans. urf-1 is thought to encode a component of the respiratory chain nadh dehydrogenase. two coding regions in the watermelon gene are separated by approximately 1,450 bp of untranslatable dna. these two exons encode the central portions of urf-1, and are highly conserved. we p ...	1986	3447741
behaviour of recombinant plasmids in aspergillus nidulans: structure and stability.	a pyrg- aspergillus strain was transformed with plasmid pdjb-1, derived from pbr325 by insertion of the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene (orotidine 5'-phosphate carboxylase), giving mitotically unstable transformants. aspergillus dna which acted as an "autonomously replicating sequence" (ars) in yeast was inserted into pdjb-1 and the resulting construct, pdjb12.1, gave mitotically stable transformants when introduced into aspergillus. transformants obtained with pdjb-1 and pdjb12.1 gave few pyr- prog ...	1986	3329034
heat shock phenomena in aspergillus nidulans. i. the effect of heat on mycelial protein synthesis.	heat shock was found to induce characteristic changes in the pattern of protein synthesis in aspergillus nidulans as analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. six to seven new bands were found to show increased incorporation to 35s-methionine at 43 degrees c compared to 37 degrees c, the standard temperature for this organism. the heat shock response of five different strains of a. nidulans was examined. this comparative study showed that these strains (haploids and diploids) show exac ...	1986	3329035
the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans: control by multiple regulatory signals.		1986	3551935
effect of the bnca gene on the instability of aspergillus nidulans.		1986	3552882
isolation and characterization of the aspergillus niger trpc gene.	the aspergillus niger trpc gene was isolated by complementation experiments with an escherichia coli trpc mutant. plasmid dna containing the a. niger trpc gene transforms an aspergillus nidulans mutant strain, defective in all three enzymatic activities of the trpc gene, to trp+, indicating the presence of a complete and functional trpc gene. southern blot analysis of dna from these trp+ transformants showed that plasmid dna was present but that this dna was not integrated at the site of the chr ...	1985	2936650
13c nmr studies of carbon metabolism in the hyphal fungus aspergillus nidulans.	natural-abundance high-resolution 13c nmr spectra (linewidth, 10 hz) of the hyphal fungus aspergillus nidulans have been obtained after growth on glycolytic or gluconeogenic carbon sources. various polyols, some tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates and amino acids, and some phospholipids and fatty acyl compounds are present. the polyols found are mannitol, arabitol, erythritol, and glycerol. the nature of the carbon source has a pronounced effect on the pool sizes of the various polyols. all a ...	1985	3881752
mutagenicity of trichloroethylene, trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate in aspergillus nidulans.	a trichloroethylene (tce) sample, free of epoxides, has been assayed for its ability to induce gene mutations (methionine suppressors) and mitotic segregation in the mould aspergillus nidulans. no increase in the spontaneous frequency of methionine suppressors was observed when conidia of a haploid strain were plated on selective medium and exposed to tce vapours. a weak but statistically significant increase in methionine suppressors was detected, however, when conidia of cultures grown and con ...	1985	3883153
the sterols of growth and stationary phases of aspergillus nidulans cultures.	the accumulation of 4-desmethyl and 4,4-dimethyl sterols, as well as the triterpenoid beta-amyrin, was analysed during both exponential and stationary phases of aspergillus nidulans growth. throughout growth, the amount of 4-desmethyl sterol was proportional to the cellular dry weight, while the dimethyl sterols and beta-amyrin stopped accumulating after day 2. the sterols were found primarily as the free alcohol and not as fatty acid esters, the glycosides, or acyl glycosides. the amount of bet ...	1985	3884732
paramorphogenic and genotoxic activity of triton x-100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate in aspergillus nidulans.	the genotoxic activities of triton x-100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate in aspergillus nidulans were assessed in order to evaluate their relative merits as paramorphogenic agents. triton x-100 was found to be ideally suited to this purpose due to its efficient paramorphogenic effect and lack of genotoxicity. sodium dodecyl sulphate was considered unsuitable since it reduced viability and was inconsistent in its paramorphogenic action.	1985	3885021
sexual and asexual reproduction of aspergillus nidulans in vivo.		1985	3887151
cloning an aspergillus nidulans developmental gene by transformation.	we have developed a transformation system for aspergillus nidulans giving a frequency of transformation high enough to screen a gene bank from which we were able to isolate and clone the a. nidulans developmental gene brla by visual selection. the vector contains the selective marker argb+, and with it a frequency of transformation of 500 stable transformants/micrograms plasmid dna can regularly be achieved. the evidence suggests that transformation is by integration but spontaneous excision of ...	1985	3891328
spontaneous ir duplications generated at mitosis in aspergillus nidulans: further evidence of a preferential site of transposed attachment.	a radiation-induced translocation, t(iir----iiil), has been shown to be nonreciprocal and to have most of iir, including its terminus, attached uninverted to the terminus of iiil.--progeny with the iir segment in duplicate, obtained from crosses of t(iir----iiil) to strains with a standard genome, were unstable at mitosis; like earlier duplication strains, they suffered deletions from either duplicate segment. frequent mitotic crossing over occurred between the duplicate iir segments so that, fo ...	1985	3891510
on the genotoxicity of the pesticides endodan and kilacar in 6 different test systems.	two pesticides, the fungicide endodan (ethylene thiuram monosulphide) and the insecticide-acaricide kilacar (bis(parachlorophenyl)cyclopropyl methanol), produced or used in the neighbouring countries of bulgaria and greece were investigated in a coordinated research programme for their genotoxic effects in a variety of test systems. this included the ames test, aspergillus nidulans for mitotic segregation, in vitro human lymphocyte cell cultures for sce and chromosomal aberrations, in vivo bone ...	1985	3892282
transformation of aspergillus niger by the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus niger grows poorly on acetamide as a nitrogen or carbon source and lacks sequences detectably homologous to the amds gene encoding the acetamidase of aspergillus nidulans. we have taken advantage of these observations to develop a transformation system for a. niger using the amds gene as a dominant heterologous marker for selecting transformants on the basis of acetamide utilization. transformants varied in their ability to grow on amide media and the number of integrated copies of t ...	1985	3894007
regulation of proteinase activity in aspergillus nidulans.		1985	3894105
mycetoma caused by aspergillus nidulans in india.	the first case of mycetoma caused by aspergillus nidulans has been described from india in a young farmer of jaisalmer situated in the thar desert of western rajasthan, india. the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological and mycological studies.	1985	3894683
a conductimetric method for assaying asparaginase activity in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans asparaginase activity may be assayed conductimetrically. the method is based on the increase of conductivity which is due to the production of ammonia and/or aspartate in a reaction mixture containing a. nidulans cell-free extract and asparagine or aspartate hydroxamate. this conductivity is linear with time and enzyme concentration and it follows michaelis kinetics. conductimetric activity was not detectable in mutants lacking asparaginase activity.	1985	3896790
involvement of a particular species of beta-tubulin (beta 3) in conidial development in aspergillus nidulans.	strains of aspergillus containing the bena22 mutation are resistant to benomyl for vegetative growth but do not produce conidia. to test whether conidiation involved an additional benomyl-sensitive tubulin (i.e., was mediated by a tubulin other than the tubulins coded for by the bena locus), a collection of mutants was produced that formed conidia in the presence of benomyl, i.e., were conidiation-resistant (cr-) mutants. we analyzed the tubulins of these cr- mutants using two-dimensional gel el ...	1985	3897246
identification and functional analysis of beta-tubulin genes by site specific integrative transformation in aspergillus nidulans.	we have cloned two different beta-tubulin sequences from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. each was used in the construction of transforming plasmids that carry the pyr4 gene of neurospora crassa. we used these plasmids to transform a pyrg-strain of aspergillus to uridine prototrophy. both plasmids were shown to integrate site specifically into the homologous chromosomal sequences. we then used transformant strains in genetic crosses to demonstrate that one of the cloned beta-tubulin ...	1985	3897247
transformation of aspergillus niger using the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans.	a mutant of aspergillus niger defective in ornithine transcarbamylase function was transformed with plasmids carrying a functional copy of the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans after treatment of spheroplasts in the presence of polyethylene glycol and calcium ions. the plasmid pdg3 gave stable transformants at a frequency of 4 per microgram of input dna. southern blot analysis of dna from transformants showed that pdg3 dna had integrated into the a. niger chromosomes at a variety of locations. t ...	1985	3902571
isolation and characterization of cold-sensitive mutations at the bena, beta-tubulin, locus of aspergillus nidulans.	we have isolated large numbers of conditionally lethal beta-tubulin mutations to provide raw material for analyzing the structure and function of beta tubulin and of microtubules. we have isolated such mutations as intragenic suppressors of bena33, a heat-sensitive (hs-) beta-tubulin mutation of aspergillus nidulans. among over 2,600 revertants isolated, 126 were cold-sensitive (cs-). in 41 of 78 cs- revertants analyzed, cold sensitivity and reversion from hs- to hs+ were due to mutations linked ...	1985	3903435
mitochondria and nuclei move by different mechanisms in aspergillus nidulans.	we have examined the effects of the antimicrotubule agent benomyl and several mutations on nuclear and mitochondrial movement in germlings of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. while, as previously reported, benomyl inhibited nuclear division and movement, it did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. to test the effects of benomyl more rigorously, we germinated two benomyl super-sensitive, beta-tubulin mutants at a benomyl concentration 50-100 times greater than that required to inhibit ...	1985	3905827
nucleotide sequence encoding the biosynthetic dehydroquinase function of the penta-functional arom locus of aspergillus nidulans.	the nucleotide sequence of a 1.9 kb hindiii fragment of dna derived from the arom locus of a.nidulans and encoding the biosynthetic dehydroquinase activity has been determined. the sequences encoding the biosynthetic and catabolic dehydroquinase enzymes of a.nidulans show no detectable homology, strongly suggesting convergent evolutionary pathways. the messenger rna specified by the arom locus was detected as a 5.3 kb rna species.	1985	3906567
the purification of urease from aspergillus nidulans.	a purification procedure is described for aspergillus urease, the most important step being affinity chromatography on hydroxyurea sepharose. the enzyme exists as a single active species of mr 240,000. the pure enzyme has an activity of 670 mumol urea hydrolysed/min, has a km of 10(-3) m, an optimum ph of 8.5 and a sub-unit mr of 40,000.	1985	3912228
the aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome.	a brief description is provided of the overall organisation of the aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome, as revealed by dna sequence analysis.	1985	3916717
molecular cloning of the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene from aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene (pgk) has been isolated from a phage lambda genomic library, using the equivalent yeast gene as a hybridization probe. the location of the pgk gene within the cloned dna has been physically mapped. the dna sequence of a small region of the putative pgk has been determined and found to code for amino acids corresponding to the n-terminal end of the pgk protein. in contrast to the yeast pgk gene the aspergillus gene contains a 57 base pair in ...	1985	3916724
the product of the regulatory gene of the proline catabolism gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans is a positive-acting protein.	eight new deletion mutations in the prn gene cluster involved in l-proline catabolism in aspergillus nidulans have been characterised and mapped. three of these are located within prna, the regulatory gene mediating proline induction, and confirm the positive nature of the action of the prna product. in addition, four prna- alleles which are phenotypically suppressible by aminoglycoside antibiotics have been identified. of these four phenotypically suppressible prna- mutations, two have been tes ...	1985	3916725
cloning and characterization of the three enzyme structural genes qutb, qutc and qute from the quinic acid utilization gene cluster in aspergillus nidulans.	heterologous dna probes from the quinic acid gene cluster (qa) in neurospora crassa (schweizer 1981) have been used to isolate the corresponding gene cluster (qut) from aspergillus nidulans cloned in a phage lambda vector. n. crassa probes for each of the three enzyme structural genes in the cluster have been used to identify the corresponding genes within the a. nidulans cloned dna. the three genes are in the same relative sequence [dehydrogenase (1), qa-3 = qutb; dehydratase (3), qa-4 = qutc; ...	1985	3916726
gene amplification in aspergillus nidulans by transformation with vectors containing the amds gene.	conidial protoplasts of an a. nidulans amds deletion strain (mh1277) have been transformed to the amds+ phenotype with a plasmid carrying the wild type gene (p3sr2). optimalisation of transformation and plating conditions now has resulted in frequencies of 300-400 transformants per microgram of dna. analysis of dna from amds+ transformants of mh1277 showed that transformation had occurred by integration of vector dna sequences into the genome. in virtually all these transformants multiple copies ...	1985	3916728
identification of the acia gene controlled by the amda regulatory gene in aspergillus nidulans.	the amda gene is one of a number of transacting regulatory genes controlling expression of the amds gene in a. nidulans. a polypeptide of approximately 42,000 molecular weight has been found to be synthesized constitutively in amda mutant strains and to be acetate inducible. a lambda clone containing a gene, called acia, coding for this polypeptide has been isolated using differential screening with cdna probes. two acetate inducible rna species have been identified by probing northern blots wit ...	1985	3916805
dependence of nitrate utilization upon active co2 fixation in anacystis nidulans: a regulatory aspect of the interaction between photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism.	specific inhibition of photosynthetic co2 fixation in anacystis nidulans cells by d,l-glyceraldehyde resulted in the simultaneous inhibition of nitrate utilization, indicating a dependence of the latter process upon the provision of co2-fixation products. this dependence was lost in cells treated with l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine or azaserine, effective inhibitors of ammonium assimilation. in these cells, nitrate uptake could proceed at rates similar to those in control cells even if co2 fixatio ...	1985	3919645
microinjected photoreactivating enzymes from anacystis and saccharomyces monomerize dimers in chromatin of human cells.	photoreactivating enzymes (pre) from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans have been injected into the cytoplasm of repair-proficient human fibroblasts in culture. after administration of photoreactivation light, pre-injected cells displayed a significantly lower level of uv-induced unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) than non-injected cells. this indicates that monomerization of the uv-induced pyrimidine dimers in the mammalian chromatin had occurred as a resu ...	1985	3923332
inhibition of nitrate utilization by amino acids in intact anacystis nidulans cells.	in an attempt to establish the nature of the ammonium-assimilation products which mediate the inhibition by ammonium of nitrate uptake in cyanobacteria, the effect of different amino acids on nitrate utilization by intact anacystis nidulans cells has been assayed. to exclude an indirect inhibition of nitrate uptake through the ammonium which the amino acids might release, the cells were pretreated with l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine (msx), a potent inactivator of glutamine synthetase. under these ...	1985	3929744
organization of pigment proteins in the photosystem ii complex of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2.	two chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with photosystem ii (psii) of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 have been detected. the larger of the two complexes, cpvi-1, contained a 71-kda and a 42-kda protein. the 71-kda protein was determined to be the anchor protein of the phycobilisomes (the light-harvesting complex of a. nidulans psii), since it was recognized by an antibody raised against a similar protein from another cyanobacterium. the second complex, cpvi-4, contained a previous ...	1985	3931080
variation of a 470 000 daltons antigen complex and catalase antigen in clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.	antigens in ruptured mycelium of 18 aspergillus strains including 14 clinical isolates of a. fumigatus were studied by immunoelectrophoresis. one antigenic component of molecular weight 470 000 previously characterized by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration and a second component with catalase activity were detected in all a. fumigatus isolates but in varying quantities. the 470 000 antigen complex cross-reacted with antigens in a. flavus and a. nidulans but not in a. niger ...	1985	3934773
mycotoxins producing fungi and mycoflora of air-dust from taif, saudi arabia.	using the dilution plate method, 70 species and 31 genera were collected from 20 dust samples on glucose (28 genera and 64 species) and cellulose czapek's agar (22 genera and 46 species) at 28 degrees c. the most common fungi were aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. flavus var. columnaris, phoma glomerata, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium chrysogenum and mucor racemosus; and a. nidulans, phoma humicola, drechslera spicifera and stachybotrys chartarum on the two media, respectively. toxicity test sho ...	1985	3935928
dna metabolism during infection of anacystis nidulans by cyanophage as-1. vi. effect of hydroxyurea and nalidixic acid on the development of cyanophage as-1.	the use of the dna inhibitors hydroxyurea (hu) and nalidixic acid (nal) to elucidate patterns of dna metabolism in as-1 infected a. nidulans have led to several conclusions. first, hu and nal at concentrations of 500 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, inhibited dna synthesis in synchronized a. nidulans. protein and chlorophyll synthesis remained essentially unchanged as did turbidity increases. second, the complete burst size of the cyanophage as-1 was severely affected by hu and nal treatment ...	1985	3938513
dna metabolism during infection of anacystis nidulans by cyanophage as-1. vii. uv-induced alterations of the as-1/a. nidulans lytic cycle.	in order to interfere specifically with either the host of phage dna metabolism and separate the effects of new phage dna synthesis from the effects of host cell breakdown and pil-dna formation, uv irradiation of either the host, a. nidulans, or intact phage as-1, prior to infection was utilized. several conclusions were reached. first, a photoreactivation system was present in uv-irradiated a. nidulans. second, the complete burst size of as-1 was severely affected by uv irradiation of cells and ...	1985	3938514
transformation of aspergillus nidulans.		1985	3939985
the sub-cellular localisation and regulatory properties of pyruvate carboxylase from rhizopus arrhizus.	cell-free extracts of rhizopus arrhizus contain exclusively cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase and nad-glutamate dehydrogenase, a single mitochondrial isoenzyme of nadp-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and both mitochondrial and cytosolic isoenzymes of nadp-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating). other enzymes examined have sub-cellular localisations similar to those characteristic of mammalian liver. purified preparations of r. arrhizus pyruvate carboxylase are subject to partial regulatory inhibition by ...	1985	3971971
mutagenicity of three agricultural soils.	a chemical and biological testing protocol was employed to evaluate the mutagenic potential of the organic compounds extracted from three agricultural soils. the analytical procedures used included bioassays with salmonella typhimurium and aspergillus nidulans for the detection of point mutations and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer system to identify major organic constituents. the extracts of all three soils exhibited mutagenic response in the bioassays. at a dose level of 1000 ...	1985	3983630
the mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. the cytochrome b gene has an intron closely related to the first two introns in the saccharomyces cerevisiae cox1 gene.	the dna sequence of the cob region of the schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial dna has been determined. the cytochrome b structural gene is interrupted by an intron of 2526 base-pairs, which has an open reading frame of 2421 base-pairs in phase with the upstream exon. the position of the intron differs from those found in the cob genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus nidulans or neurospora crassa. the sch. pombe cob intron has the potential of assuming an rna secondary structure almo ...	1985	4046021
purification and preliminary characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in response to growth in the presence of a wide variety of inducers, of which the most effective are short-chain alcohols and ketones, e.g. butan-2-one and propan-2-ol. the enzyme can be readily extracted from fresh or freeze-dried cells and purified to homogeneity on blue sepharose in a single step by using specific elution with nad+ and pyrazole. the pure enzyme has mr 290 000 by electrophoresis or gel filtration; it is a homopolymer with subunit m ...	1985	3156582
polyamines in microorganisms.		1985	3157043
genomic clones of aspergillus nidulans containing alca, the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase and alcr, a regulatory gene for ethanol metabolism.	our aim was to obtain from aspergillus nidulans a genomic bank and then clone a region we expected from earlier genetic mapping to contain two closely linked genes, alca, the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and alcr, a positive trans-acting regulatory gene for ethanol metabolism. the expression of alca is repressed by carbon catabolites. a genomic restriction fragment characteristic of the alca-alcr region was identified, cloned in pbr322, and used to select from a genomic bank i ...	1985	3158502
cloning and characterization of the ethanol utilization regulon in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) i and aldehyde dehydrogenase (alddh) are co-inducible by acetaldehyde (pateman et al., 1983; sealy-lewis and lockington, 1984) and subject to carbon catabolite repression. the structural genes alca and alda are unlinked, but alca is closely linked to the positive control gene alcr. we have obtained cdna clones of alca and alda and genomic clones comprising alca and alcr. the location of these genes in a genomic clone carrying a 13-kb insert was ...	1985	3158573
primary structure of the trpc gene from aspergillus nidulans.	we have determined the structure and complete nucleotide sequence of the trifunctional trpc gene from the ascomycetous fungus aspergillus nidulans. results from rna gel blot analyses showed that this gene encodes two size classes of polyribosomal, poly (a)+rnas with approximate lengths of 2,400 and 2,600 nucleotides. s1 nuclease protection studies demonstrated that the distribution into the two size classes is due to selection of alternative sites for polyadenylation. the transcription units con ...	1985	3158796
probing fungal mitochondrial evolution with trna.	sequence data are now available for almost the entire complement of mitochondrial rrnas from five fungi: schizosaccharomyces pombe, saccharomyces cerevisiae, toropulis glabrata, aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. analysis of these data show that the five mitochondria can be related to a common ancestor. the unusually high similarity between some s. pombe mt trnas may be due to a process similar to gene conversion. using the number of differences between trna pairs as a measure of the ev ...	1985	2417640
cloning and characterization of the rdna repeat unit of podospora anserina.	dna coding for ribosomal rna in podospora anserina has been cloned and was found as a tandemly repeated 8.3 kb sequence. the cloned rdna was characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping. the location of 5.8s, 18s and 28s rrna coding regions was established by dna-rna hybridization and s1 nuclease mapping. the organization of p. anserina rrna genes is similar to that of neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans. the rdna unit does not contain the sequence coding for 5s rna.	1985	2987647
cloning of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene from a cyanobacterium, anacystis nidulans, in escherichia coli.	the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ppc) from anacystis nidulans, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), was cloned in escherichia coli. chromosomal dna of a. nidulans was partially digested with sau3ai, and the obtained dna fragments were ligated in the bamhi site of pbr322. the hybrid plasmids were first transformed into e. coli k802 (hsdr-, hsdm+) to obtain the gene bank of a. nidulans. the bank consisted of about 12,000 clones. these hybrid plasmids were then transformed into e. coli pcr1 ...	1985	2989256
helical packing in the hydrophobic sector of cytochrome c oxidase.	an arrangement for the membrane-spanning segments of the three larger subunits of cytochrome c oxidase is proposed on the basis of sequence comparison and polarity distribution estimated from the data available for 11 different organisms.	1985	2991455
direct and indirect gene replacements in aspergillus nidulans.	we performed three sets of experiments to determine whether cloned dna fragments can be substituted for homologous regions of the aspergillus nidulans genome by dna-mediated transformation. a linear dna fragment containing a heteromorphic trpc+ allele was used to transform a trpc- strain to trpc+. blot analysis of dna from the transformants showed that the heteromorphic allele had replaced the trpc- allele in a minority of the strains. an a. nidulans trpc+ gene was inserted into the argb+ gene, ...	1985	2991748
identification and molecular analysis of a third aspergillus nidulans alcohol dehydrogenase gene.	an aspergillus nidulans functional cdna encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) was isolated by its ability to complement an adh1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. alignment of the cdna and cloned genomic dna sequences indicated that the adh gene contains two small introns. the presence of ethanol in the growth medium was shown to result in adh mrna accumulation presumably due to transcriptional induction of the gene. however, adh mrna accumulation was at most only partially repressed by the ...	1985	2998782
nucleotide sequence of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame (orf) for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ppc) of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans was determined. the orf consists of 3159 bp and codes for 1053 amino acid (aa) residues. the codon usage of the ppc of a. nidulans is not so markedly different from that of the escherichia coli ppc, yet, in a. nidulans the preferred codons are aag for lysine and ccc for proline, whereas those are seldom used in the e. coli ppc.	1985	2998946
development of a high-frequency transforming vector for aspergillus nidulans.	the pyr4 gene of neurospora crassa, which codes for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, is capable of transforming an aspergillus nidulans pyrg mutant by chromosomal integration, despite low homology between the transforming dna and the recipient genome. integration of pfb6, a plasmid carrying pyr4 and capable of replication in escherichia coli, was not observed at the pyrg locus. the efficiency of transformation was considerably enhanced (50-100 fold) by inclusion in the transforming vector o ...	1985	3000883
expression of an escherichia coli beta-galactosidase fusion gene in aspergillus nidulans.	we inserted in frame the escherichia coli lacz gene into the protein-coding region of the aspergillus nidulans trpc gene and introduced the resultant fused gene into the a. nidulans genome. a functional beta gal fusion protein was produced. removal of the trpc transcription and translation initiation sequences from the fusion gene abolished production of the fusion protein, showing that expression is dependent on these sequences. thus, lacz fusions should be of use for estimating gene activity i ...	1985	3005133
self-cloning in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2: fate of a cloned gene after reintroduction.	functional analysis of cloned genes often makes use of complementation after introducing these genes into cells of a mutant strain. problems with this self-cloning step in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 have been encountered, which were mainly due to recombinational instability of gene and vector after transformation. therefore, conditions determining the exchange of material between chromosome, insert and plasmids were studied to achieve the necessary stability. the fate of plasmid pm ...	1985	3006100
nitrogen catabolite repression in yeasts and filamentous fungi.		1985	2869649
heterogeneity of 5s rna in fungal ribosomes.	neurospora crassa has at least seven types of 5s rna genes (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon, delta, zeta, and eta) with different coding regions. a high resolution gel electrophoresis system was developed to separate minor 5s rna's from the major 5s rna (alpha). a study of several neurospora crassa strains, four other species in the genus neurospora, members of two closely related genera, and three distantly related genera demonstrated that 5s rna heterogeneity is common among fungi. in addition, di ...	1985	2579431
a cosmid for selecting genes by complementation in aspergillus nidulans: selection of the developmentally regulated ya locus.	we constructed a 9.9-kilobase cloning vector, designated pkby2, for isolating genes by complementation of mutations in aspergillus nidulans. pkby2 contains the bacteriophage lambda cos site, to permit in vitro assembly of phage particles; a bacterial origin of replication and genes for resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, to permit propagation in escherichia coli; the a. nidulans trpc(+) gene, to permit selection in aspergillus; and a unique bamhi restriction site, to permit insertion o ...	1985	16593541
anacystis nidulans demonstrates a photosystem ii cation requirement satisfied only by ca or na.	anacystis nidulans exhibits a total loss of photosystem ii (psii) activity upon incubation in a nutrient medium deficient in ca(2+) and na(+) and containing a divalent cation chelator. this loss of activity is light-dependent, which corresponds to an energy requirement. likewise, ca(2+) efflux takes place only in cells incubated in light. the loss of psii activity is reversible by addition of submillimolar amounts of either ca(2+) or na(+) to the external medium but not by the addition of any ot ...	1985	16664449
photoinhibition and reactivation of photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	the susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition and its recovery were studied on cultures of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans. oxygen evolution and low temperature fluorescence kinetics were measured. upon exposure to high light a. nidulans showed a rapid decrease in oxygen evolution followed by a quasi steady state rate of photosynthesis. this quasi steady state rate decreased with increasing photon flux density of the photoinhibitory light. reactivation of photosynthesis in dim li ...	1985	16664559
photochemical apparatus organization in anacystis nidulans (cyanophyceae) : effect of co(2) concentration during cell growth.	anacystis nidulans cells grown under high (3%) co(2) partial pressure have greater phycocyanin to chlorophyll ratio (phc/chl) relative to cells grown under low (0.2%) co(2) tension (eley (1971) plant cell physiol 12: 311-316). absorbance difference spectrophotometry of a. nidulans thylakoid membranes in the ultraviolet (deltaa(320)) and red (deltaa(700)) regions of the spectrum reveal photosystem ii/photosystem i (psii/psi) reaction center ratio (rcii/rci) changes that parallel those of phc/chl. ...	1984	16663387
characterization of the proton-translocating cytochrome c oxidase activity in the plasma membrane of intact anacystis nidulans spheroplasts.	intact spheroplasts of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) anacystis nidulans oxidized various exogenous c-type cytochromes with concomitant outward proton translocation while exogenous ferricytochrome c was not reduced. the h(+)/e(-) stoichiometry was close to 1 with each of the cytochromes and did not depend on the actual rate of the oxidase reaction. observed proton ejections were abolished by the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. cyanide, azide, and carbon monoxide inhibit ...	1984	16663770
temperature dependent changes in absorption and fluorescence properties of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	temperature dependent changes in absorbance and fluorescence of chlorophyll a (chl a) were analyzed in membrane fragments and in a chl-protein complex reconstituted with lipids isolated from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans. absorbance versus temperature curves measured at 656 nm showed an inflection point at 23-24°c and at 14-16°c in the membrane fragments prepared from a. nidulans cells, grown at 39° and 25°c, respectively. temperature-induced absorbance changes measured at 680 and 696 nm ...	1984	24458777
a mitochondrial reading frame which may code for a second form of atpase subunit 9 in aspergillus nidulans.	the nucleotide sequence of a 74 codon reading frame from the aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome is presented. the derived amino acid sequence displays typical features of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) binding proteins and is 84% homologous with a mitochondrial reading frame that potentially encodes an atpase subunit 9 polypeptide in neurospora crassa. however, in a. nidulans, as in n. crassa, there is strong biochemical and genetic evidence that this subunit is in fact nuclearly-encoded ...	1984	24177948
regulation of two alcohol dehydrogenases in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans there are two alcohol dehydrogenases. in the presence of ethanol, alcohol dehydrogenase i (ahh i) is induced and alcohol dehydrogenase ii (adh ii) is repressed. adh i and adh ii have molecular weights of 39,000 and 36,000 respectively. at least adh i is under the control of alcr, a transacting regulatory gene that is adjacent to alca (the structural gene for adh i, pateman et al. 1983). mutations in the alcr regulatory gene result in non inducibility of adh i specific mrn ...	1984	24177792
suppressible alleles in a wide domain regulatory gene in aspergillus nidulans.	the area gene of aspergillus nidulans is a one of the better studied eukaryotic wide domain regulatory genes, necessary for the expression of most structural genes involved in the utilization of a wide variety of nitrogen sources (arst and cove 1973; arst 1983). here we report the isolation and properties of area alleles suppressible by translational suppressors (roberts et al. 1979). thus we show formally that the area gene specifies a protein rather than an rna product and we show that it is p ...	1984	24177791