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transforming wheat vacuolar invertase into a high affinity sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase.vacuolar invertases (vis) degrade sucrose to glucose and fructose. additionally, the fructan plant wheat (triticum aestivum) contains different fructosyltransferases (fts), which have evolved from vis by developing the capacity to bind sucrose or fructans as acceptor substrates. modelling studies revealed a hydrogen bonding network in the conserved wmndpng motif of vis, which is absent in fts. in this study, the hydrogen bonding network of wheat vi was disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis in t ...200818721162
effects on genome constitution and novel cell wall formation caused by the addition of 5rs rye chromosome to common wheat.the cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. the chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of cs + 5r were very variable. the rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5s rdna and the centromere-specific probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5r (5rs). in this line, chro ...200818713385
discrimination of repetitive sequences polymorphism in secale cereale by genomic in situ hybridization-banding.genomic in situ hybridization banding (gish-banding), a technique slightly modified from conventional gish, was used to probe the chinese native rye (secale cereale l.) dna, and enabled us to visualize the individual rye chromosomes and create a universal reference karyotype of the s. cereale chromosome 1r to 7r. the gish-banding approach used in the present study was able to discriminate s. cereale chromosomes or segments in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) background, including the triticale, ...200818713379
isolation and molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes 1bx13 and 1by16 from hexaploid wheat.the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) pair 1bx13 + 1by16are recognized to positively correlate with bread-making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. in order to reveal the mechanism by which 1by16 and 1bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames (orfs) were amplified from common wheat atlas66 and jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of hmw glutenin genes. the orf of 1by16 was 2,220 bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residue ...200818713365
relationship between homoeologous regulatory and structural genes in allopolyploid genome - a case study in bread wheat.the patterns of expression of homoeologous genes in hexaploid bread wheat have been intensively studied in recent years, but the interaction between structural genes and their homoeologous regulatory genes remained unclear. the question was as to whether, in an allopolyploid, this interaction is genome-specific, or whether regulation cuts across genomes. the aim of the present study was cloning, sequence analysis, mapping and expression analysis of f3h (flavanone 3-hydroxylase - one of the key e ...200818700978
[mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with activity of disulfide reductase and lipoxygenase in grains of durum wheat triticum aestivum l. seeds].activity of two enzymes of thiol-disulfide cell metabolism, lipoxygenase (lox, ec 1.13.11.12) and disulfide-reductase (tpdo, ec 1.8.4.2) was studied in recombinant inbred lines of common wheat itmi. their activity in the caryopsis may be connected with the gluten quality, one of the most important traits significant for selection. the activity of lipoxygenase under favorable and droughty environmental conditions was shown to be associated with the quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on chromo ...200818672799
[ph and ion balance in wheat-wheatgrass under salt- or alkali stress].different intensities of salt- or alkali stress were established by mixing different concentrations of nacl and na2so4 or nahco3 and na2co3, respectively, and wheat-wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l. -agropyron intermedium) seedlings were grown under the stresses for 12 days. the ph value and the na(+), k(+), free ca(2+), cl(-), so4(2-), no3(-), h2po4(-), and organic acid concentrations in the fresh shoots of stressed wheat-wheatgrass seedlings were determined, aimed to approach the characteristic ...200818655584
comparative proteomic and transcriptional profiling of a bread wheat cultivar and its derived transgenic line overexpressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in the endosperm.we carried out a parallel transcriptional and proteomic comparison of seeds from a transformed bread wheat line that overexpresses a transgenic low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene relative to the corresponding nontransformed genotype. proteomic analyses showed that, during seed development, several classes of endosperm proteins were differentially accumulated in the transformed endosperm. as a result of the strong increase in the amount of the transgenic protein, the endogenous glutenin s ...200818655071
earthworms, collembola and residue management change wheat (triticum aestivum) and herbivore pest performance (aphidina: rhophalosiphum padi).management practices of arable systems determine the distribution of soil organic matter thereby changing decomposer animal activity and their impact on nutrient mineralization, plant growth and plant-herbivore interactions. decomposer-mediated changes in plant growth and insect pest performance were investigated in wheat-aphid model systems in the greenhouse. three types of litter distribution were established: litter patch at the soil surface (simulating mulching), litter patch deeper in soil ...200818654802
heterologous expression of a plastid ef-tu reduces protein thermal aggregation and enhances co2 fixation in wheat (triticum aestivum) following heat stress.heat stress is a major constraint to wheat production and negatively impacts grain quality, causing tremendous economic losses, and may become a more troublesome factor due to global warming. at the cellular level, heat stress causes denaturation and aggregation of proteins and injury to membranes leading to alterations in metabolic fluxes. protein aggregation is irreversible, and protection of proteins from thermal aggregation is a strategy a cell uses to tolerate heat stress. here we report on ...200818622733
detailed analysis of the expression of an alpha-gliadin promoter and the deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development.alpha-gliadin proteins are important for the industrial quality of bread wheat flour, but they also contain many epitopes that can trigger celiac (coeliac) disease (cd). the b-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin genes, however, contain very few epitopes. controlling alpha-gliadin gene expression in wheat requires knowledge on the processes of expression and deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development.200818621967
extraction of up to 95% of wheat (triticum aestivum) flour protein using warm sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) without reduction or sonication.extraction of glutenin polymers without sonication is an essential prerequisite for accurate determination of their composition and molecular size distribution. sequential fractionation of wheat flour with 0.1 m kcl and 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at 21 degrees c and 2% sds at 60 degrees c extracted up to 95% of total protein. we propose that 2% sds at 60 degrees c disrupts hydrogen bonds in glutenin and gliadin aggregates, reduces hydrophobic interactions, and facilitates solubilization. ...200818616274
acc homoeoloci and the evolution of wheat genomes.the dna sequences of wheat acc-1 and acc-2 loci, encoding the plastid and cytosolic forms of the enzyme acetyl-coa carboxylase, were analyzed with a view to understanding the evolution of these genes and the origin of the three genomes in modern hexaploid wheat. acc-1 and acc-2 loci from each of the wheats triticum urartu (a genome), aegilops tauschii (d genome), triticum turgidum (ab genome), and triticum aestivum (abd genome), as well as two acc-2-related pseudogenes from t. urartu were sequen ...200818599450
fumigation of wheat using liquid ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate in 50-tonne farm bins.australian standard white wheat, triticum aestivum l. (a marketing grade with mixed grain hardness),with a moisture content of 12.5% was fumigated with a new ethyl formate formulation (95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate) identified and developed by commonwealth scientific and industrial research organization entomology, canberra, australia. wheat was fumigated with the formulation at a calculated application rate of 80 g/m3 in two 50-tonne sealed metal vertical silos located at fish ...200818459432
transcript expression profile of water-limited roots of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum 'opata').triticum aestivum 'opata' is an elite hard red spring wheat that has been used as a parent of the itmi (international triticeae mapping inititative) mapping population and also in the production of synthetically derived hexaploid wheats, some of which (following selection) show increased drought tolerance relative to opata. here, we describe the response of opata roots to water withholding, using physiological variables and oligonucleotide microarrays. we identified 394 distinct transcripts whos ...200818438439
a high-density intervarietal map of the wheat genome enriched with markers derived from expressed sequence tags.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a hexaploid species with a large and complex genome. a reference genetic marker map, namely the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) map, has been constructed with the recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross involving a synthetic line. but it is not sufficient for a full understanding of the wheat genome under artificial selection without comparing it with intervarietal maps. using an intervarietal mapping population derived by c ...200818437345
genetic mapping of a mutant gene producing three pistils per floret in common wheat.a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation that produces 3 pistils (tp) per floret may result in formation of up to 3 kernels per floret. the tp trait may be important for increasing the number of grains per spike and for improving the yield potential through breeding. this trait is determined by the dominant pis1 gene. genetic mapping of pis1 involved 234 microsatellite markers and bulk segregant analysis of a cross of the tp line with novosibirskaya 67. the pis1 gene is located on chromoso ...200818436987
metabolic pathways of the wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm amyloplast revealed by proteomics.by definition, amyloplasts are plastids specialized for starch production. however, a proteomic study of amyloplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum butte 86) endosperm at 10 days after anthesis (dpa) detected enzymes from many other metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. to better understand the role of amyloplasts in food production, the data from that study were evaluated in detail and an amyloplast metabolic map was outlined.200818419817
[effects of mono- and mixed culture on the grain yield and water use efficiency of two winter wheat cultivars].taking two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars changwu 135 and pingliang 40 commonly cultivated in the semi-arid area on loess plateau as test materials, and by the method of ecological replacement, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of mono- and mixed culture on the grain yield and water use efficiency of the cultivars. the results showed that under mono-culture, pingliang 40 had a much higher unit area root biomass (367.60 g x m(-2)) than changwu 135 (297.31 ...200818419078
a diurnal component to the variation in sieve tube amino acid content in wheat.we have used high-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis coupled to a laser-induced fluorescence detection method to quantify 16 amino acids in wheat (triticum aestivum) sieve tube (st) samples as small as 2 nl collected by severing the stylets of feeding aphids. the sensitivity of the method was sufficient to determine a quantitative amino acid profile of individual sts without the need to bulk samples to produce larger volumes for analysis. this allowed the observation of the full range of vari ...200818417638
diversification of lrk/tak kinase gene clusters is associated with subfunctionalization and cultivar-specific transcript accumulation in barley.lrk (lr10 receptor-like kinase) and tak (triticum aestivum kinase) belong to the receptor-like kinase (rlk) supergene family in higher plants. three lrk/tak gene regions spanning greater than 600 kb were identified via a genome-wide survey of barley gene-rich bac clones. two lrk/tak gene clusters are positioned on barley chromosome 3 (3h) and another is localized on chromosome 5 (1h), with each lrk and tak open reading frame physically positioned in a back-to-back orientation. thirteen new lrk/t ...200818414912
[the effects of alien chromosomes on common wheat resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens].effective, perhaps new genes of resistance to brown rust and powdery mildew expressed in common wheat genome in plant ontogenesis were revealed on additive chromosomes of aegilops searsii, aegilops longissima, secale montanum and elytrigia elongata.200818411754
[construction and molecular and cytogenetic analyses of euploid (2n = 42) and telocentric addition (2n = 42 + 2t) alloplasmic lines (hordeum marinum subsp gussoneanum)-triticum aestivum].individual plants from the bc1f5 and bc1f6 backcross progenies of barley--wheat (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x t. aestivum l. (2n = 42)] and the bc1f6 progeny of their amphiploids were used to obtain alloplasmic euploid (2n = 42) lines l-28, l-29, and l-49 and alloplasmic telocentric addition (2n = 42 + 2t) lines l-37, l-38, and l-50. the lines were examined by genomic in situ hybridization (gish), microsatellite analysis, chromosome c-banding, and pcr analysis of the mitochondrial 18s/5s r ...200818409390
overexpression of the maize teosinte branched1 gene in wheat suppresses tiller development.the number of viable shoots influences the overall architecture and productivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the development of lateral branches, or tillers, largely determines the resultant canopy. tillers develop from the outgrowth of axillary buds, which form in leaf axils at the crown of the plant. tiller number can be reduced if axillary buds are not formed or if the outgrowth of these buds is restricted. the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene in maize, and homologs in rice and arabidopsis, ...200818392625
effects of elevated atmospheric co2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain.the continuing increase in atmospheric co 2 concentration is predicted to enhance biomass production and to alter biochemical composition of plant tissues. in the present study, winter wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. 'batis') was grown under ambient air (blow, co 2 concentration: 385 mul l (-1)) and free-air co 2 enrichment (face, co 2 concentration: 550 mul l (-1)) and two different nitrogen (n) fertilization levels (normal n supply: n100, 50% of normal n supply: n50). mature kernels were mill ...200818598044
analysis of introgression of aegilops ventricosa tausch. genetic material in a common wheat background using c-banding.seven triticum aestivum (cv. moisson)-aegilops ventricosa addition lines and four vpm-1 lines were studied by c-banding, and compared with the parental common wheat cultivars marne-desprez (hereafter marne), moisson, and a. ventricosa lines 10 and 11. all of the vpm-1 lines had similar c-banding patterns and carried the same major 5b:7b translocation as the parental marne cultivar. according to the c-banding analysis, the vpm-1 lines carry a complete 7d(7d(v)) chromosome substitution and a trans ...200818597067
effects of as on as uptake, speciation, and nutrient uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under hydroponic conditions.a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic (as) stress on growth, nutrition and as uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). winter wheat has high tolerance to as. most as is accumulated in the roots, and an as concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/l as. arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. arsenic in winter wheat roots and sh ...200818595400
a chalcone synthase-like gene is highly expressed in the tapetum of both wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (xtriticosecale wittmack).a novel anther-specific chalcone synthase-like gene, tachsl1, was isolated and characterized. the tachsl1 transcript was detected only within the tapetum during the "free" and early vacuolated microspore stages in both wheat and triticale. sequence analysis indicated that the 41.8 kda tachsl1 deduced protein belongs to a small distinct group of type iii polyketide synthases that includes angiosperm and gymnosperm orthologs shown to be anther-specific. tachsl1 sequence characteristics and conserv ...200818592248
[characterization of triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum germplasms shannong05078].a germplasm line shannong05078 was developed from the progenies of am3 x triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum amphidiploid, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the genome composition of shannong05078 and then supply wheat breeding with reference. the results showed that shannong05078 was stable in morphology characters and presenting favorable agronomic traits, it was resistant to powdery mildew and rust. its protein content was higher, and the hwm-gs of it was 7+8, 5+10. the chromosome nu ...200818567504
variation for homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat.the absence of expression of individual members of a homoeologous set of genes in a polyploid is a well-established phenomenon. however, the extent to which such 'homoeologous silencing' can vary between individual genotypes within a species is unexplored. we have used the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay to identify homoeologue non-expression at 15 single-copy genes across a panel of 16 wheat varieties, representative of the genetic diversity present in modern northern european win ...200818564382
the origin of a "zebra" chromosome in wheat suggests nonhomologous recombination as a novel mechanism for new chromosome evolution and step changes in chromosome number.an alloplasmic wheat line, ta5536, with the "zebra" chromosome z5a was isolated from an elymus trachycaulus/triticum aestivum backcross derivative. this chromosome was named "zebra" because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. its origin was traced to nonhomologous chromosome 5a of wheat and 1h(t) of elymus; four chromatin segments were derived from chromosome 1h(t) and five chromatin segments including the centromere from 5a. in this study, our objective was to determine the me ...200818562667
ferulic acid from aleurone determines the antioxidant potency of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.).grain is an important source of phytochemicals, which have potent antioxidant capacity. they have been implicated in the beneficial health effect of whole grains in reducing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. the aim of the present study was to identify the most important antioxidant fractions of wheat grain. it was found that the aleurone content of these fractions was highly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the fractions (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). ferulic acid appeared to be t ...200818558703
effect of environmental stress during grain filling on the soluble proteome of wheat (triticum aestivum) dough liquor.the influence of genotype and environment on a soluble wheat dough liquor proteome was studied for four cultivars grown under field conditions and under hot/dry and cool/wet regimes by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. although the four cultivars had similar patterns, differences in the relative abundances of some components were observed. similarly, some differe ...200818553920
genetic mapping of adult plant leaf rust resistance genes lr48 and lr49 in common wheat.hypersensitive adult plant resistance genes lr48 and lr49 were named based on their genetic independence of the known adult plant resistance genes. this study was planned to determine genomic locations of these genes. recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses involving csp44 and vl404, sources of lr48 and lr49, respectively, and the susceptible parent wl711, were used to determine the genomic locations of these genes. bulked segregant analyses were performed using multiplex-ready ...200818542911
quantitative trait loci for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in us hard white winter wheat rio blanco.pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat is a major problem that severely limits the end-use quality of flour in many wheat-growing areas worldwide. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for phs resistance, a population of 171 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from the cross between phs-resistant white wheat cultivar rio blanco and phs-susceptible white wheat breeding line nw97s186. the population was evaluated for phs in three greenhouse experiments and one field experiment. after ...200818542909
wheat genomics: present status and future prospects.wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with a large genome (16000 mb) and high proportion ( approximately 80%) of repetitive sequences, has been a difficult crop for genomics research. however, the availability of extensive cytogenetics stocks has been an asset, which facilitated significant progress in wheat genomic research in recent years. for instance, fairly dense molecular maps (both genetic and physical maps) and a large set of ests allowed genome-wide identification of gene-rich and gene-poor reg ...200818528518
sir charles edward saunders, dominion cerealist.charles edward saunders was born in london, ontario, in 1867. his father, sir william saunders, was the first director of the dominion experimental farms (1886-1911). charles received his b.a. with honours in science from the university of toronto in 1888 and his ph.d. in chemistry from johns hopkins university in baltimore, maryland, in 1891. he attempted a career in music, his first love, from 1893 to 1902. with his father, charles attended the 1902 international conference on plant breeding a ...200818521125
mapping of a major locus controlling seed dormancy using backcrossed progenies in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).seed dormancy is an important factor regulating preharvest sprouting (phs) but is a complex trait for genetic analysis. we previously identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling seed dormancy on the long arm of chromosome 4a (4al) in common wheat. to transfer the qtl from the dormant lines 'os21-5' and 'leader' into the japanese elite variety 'haruyokoi', which has an insufficient level of seed dormancy, backcrossing was carried out through marker-assisted selection (mas) using ...200818521121
variations of tandem repeat, regulatory element, and promoter regions revealed by wheat-rye amphiploids.to better understand the evolution of allopolyploids, 4 different combinations between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) including 12 f1 hybrids and 12 derived amphiploids were analyzed and compared with their direct parental plants by pcr analysis using 150 wheat ssr (single sequence repeat) markers and by fish analysis using a rye-specific repetitive sequence (psc200) as a probe. nine ssr markers amplified rye-specific fragments whose sizes ranged from 471 bp to 1089 bp. ...200818521118
the wheat pkaba1-interacting factor taabf1 mediates both abscisic acid-suppressed and abscisic acid-induced gene expression in bombarded aleurone cells.to investigate the crosstalk of abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga) signaling in wheat (triticum aestivum), we have focused on the transcription factor taabf1. taabf1 (a member of the aba response element binding factor family) physically interacts with pkaba1, a signaling component in the aba-suppression of ga-induced gene expression in cereal grains. constitutive expression of taabf1 in aleurone cells of imbibing grains completely eliminated ga-induced expression from the amy32b promoter. ...200818516686
uptake of zn and fe by wheat (triticum aestivum var. greina) and transfer to the grains in the presence of chelating agents (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).a way to decrease iron and zinc deficiency in humans is to biofortify foods by increasing the bioavailable contents in these elements. the aim of this work was to study if chelating agents could be used to increase the capture of fe and zn by wheat grains. zn and/or fe in combination with the chelating agents ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) were added at various times (i.e., at flower head formation, anthesis, and postanthesis) to spring wheat ( tr ...200818512939
quantitative expression analysis of selected cor genes reveals their differential expression in leaf and crown tissues of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during an extended low temperature acclimation regimen.a number of cor genes (cold-regulated genes) have been implicated in the acquisition of low temperature (lt) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this study compared the relative expression patterns of selected cor genes in leaf and crown tissues of wheat near-isogenic lines to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lt acclimation. reciprocal near-isogenic lines were generated such that the dominant vrn-a1 and recessive vrn-a1 loci were interchanged in a spring cv. m ...200818508811
polyphenol oxidase from wheat bran is a serpin.polyphenol oxidase (ppo; ec 1.10.3.2) was isolated from wheat bran by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate fractionation, batch adsorption by deae-cellulofine, cm-cellulofine column chromatography, deae-cellulofine column chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, adsorption on the membrane of a vivapure q maxi h spin column, and heat treatment. these procedures led to 150-fold purification with 4.2% recovery. the ppo was homogeneous by sds/page. the relative molecular weight of the ...200818506224
identification and mapping of pm2026: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene in an einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) accession.triticum monococcum accession ta2026 showed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. to identify the resistance gene and transfer it to common wheat, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were conducted using an f2 population and derived f3 families from the cross of ta2026xm389. the results indicated that ta2026 possessed a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. this gene was mapped to the terminal portion of chromosome 5aml and flanked by ssr marker loci xcfd39 and xgwm126. eight rflp markers p ...200818504540
physical organisation of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in triticeae: structural, functional and evolutionary implications.a significant fraction of the nuclear dna of all eukaryotes is occupied by simple sequence repeats (ssrs) or microsatellites. this type of sequence has sparked great interest as a means of studying genetic variation, linkage mapping, gene tagging and evolution. although ssrs at different positions in a gene help determine the regulation of expression and the function of the protein produced, little attention has been paid to the chromosomal organisation and distribution of these sequences, even ...200818504349
[dependence of cross-pollination indices on genotype characteristics of winter common wheat].out-crossing indices (the out-rcrossing rate, the frequency of plants with cross-pollination and outcrossing intensity) in f2 plants of winter common wheat from the reciprocal cross b-16 x odesskaya krasnokolosaya were analysed using storage proteins as genetic markers. outcrossing indices greatly differed depending on growth conditions. the out-crossing rate was 0,35 % (odessa, 2000) and 5,11% (kyiv, 2004). the highest out-crossing indices were detected in homozygotes for the presence of the ry ...200818822866
potential phytoavailability of anthropogenic cobalt in soils as measured by isotope dilution techniques.isotope dilution is a useful technique to determine the potential phytoavailability of an element in soil. this method involves equilibrating an isotope with soil and then sampling the labile metal pool by analysis of the soil solution (e value) or plants growing in the soil (l value). the work reported here was conducted to evaluate the distribution coefficient (kd), and the potential phytoavailability (e value) of cobalt (co) in eight soils subjected to the atmospheric deposition of anthropoge ...200818762325
a novel chimeric low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from the wild relatives of wheat aegilops kotschyi and ae. juvenalis: evolution at the glu-3 loci.four lmw-m and one novel chimeric (between lmw-i and lmw-m types) low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) genes from aegilops neglecta (uumm), ae. kotschyi (uuss), and ae. juvenalis (ddmmuu) were isolated and characterized. sequence structures showed that the 4 lmw-m-type genes, assigned to the m genome of ae. neglecta, displayed a high homology with those from hexaploid common wheat. the novel chimeric gene, designed as ajklmw-i, was isolated from both ae. kotschyi and ae. juvenalis and ...200818757939
dynamics and differential proliferation of transposable elements during the evolution of the b and a genomes of wheat.transposable elements (tes) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (triticum and aegilops species) remain unexplored. in this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3b and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 mb of sequence (from 13 bac clones) of the wheat b genome and 3.63 mb of sequence (from 19 bac clones) of the wheat a genome. anal ...200818780739
[two-dimensional electrophoresis on anther total proteins of male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agent and heredity type in wheat].the isonucleus-allocytoplasmic materials ms(s)-xinong 1376, (a)-xinong 1376, and ms(a)-xinong 1376 were used to investigate the protein expression profile in mononucleated anaphase anthers of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) after silver staining and analysis by pdquest software. about 320 to 350 distinct protein spots were detected reproducibly. the results indicated that there were some difference in the protein quantity between the two sterile lines and the maintainer line. several specific spots ...200818779159
genetics of leaf and stripe rust resistance in a bread wheat cultivar tonichi. 200818776651
development of triticum turgidum subsp. durum--aegilops longissima amphiploids with high iron and zinc content through unreduced gamete formation in f1 hybrids.four different interspecific hybrids involving three different accessions of aegilops longissima schweinf. & muschl. with high grain iron and zinc content and three triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn. cultivars with low micronutrient content were made for durum wheat biofortification and investigated for chromosome pairing, fertility, putative amphiploidy, and micronutrient content. the chromosome pairing in the 21-chromosome f1 hybrids (absl) consisted of 0-6 rod bivalents and occas ...200818772954
[the effect of low temperature on the microtubules in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l].we have studied the response of the interphase and mitotis microtubule arrays in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l. (moskovskaya 35 and moskovskaya 39) during cold stress (1 h at 0 degrees c) and acclimation to cold (3-48 h at 0 degrees c). our data show that interphase microtubules are more resistant to cold than mitotic arrays in both cultivars. during cold stress the density of endoplasmic microtubules increases in interphase cells of winter plant ...200818771175
using the alkanes and long-chain alcohols of plant cuticular wax to estimate diet composition and the intakes of mixed forages in sheep consuming a known amount of alkane-labelled supplement.in a feeding trial with 24 sheep, we used the alkanes, long-chain alcohols (lcoh) or both of these plant wax markers, to estimate the diet composition of animals offered diets comprising alkane-labelled cottonseed meal (csm) together with up to four forages. the diets used were: diet 1 subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum); diet 2 subterranean clover + phalaris (phalaris aquatica); diet 3 subterranean clover, phalaris + annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum); and diet 4 subterranean clover, pha ...200822443905
molecular aspects of drought tolerance in bread wheat (t. aestivum).in order to evaluate molecular indices of drought tolerance and selection of drought tolerance genotypes in bread wheat a randomized complete block design was carried out with three replications in the field of research station of sararood, kermanshah, iran. positive significant correlation coefficient was observed between grain yield and proline, soluble sugar and total protein under rainfed condition. based on the grain yield, proline content, soluble sugar and total protein the genotypes were ...200818819604
tolerance of 42 bread wheat genotypes to drought stress after anthesis.the present research characterized yield and yield components of 42 wheat genotypes after terminal drought stress. the experiment was in twice replicated simple rectangular lattice design, conducted at irrigated and terminal stress conditions during 2006-2007. these study genotypes had significant differences for grain yield at level of 1%. genotypes 4057, viking/5/gds/4.., sabalan and 5041 respectively with 6.313, 6.159, 5.793 and 5.774 t ha(-1) had the highest yield and gascogen has the lowest ...200818817264
incorporation of ammi stability value and grain yield in a single non-parametric index (gsi) in bread wheat.in order to determine stable bread wheat genotypes with high grain yield via a single parameter, field experiments were conducted with 20 genotypes for 4 consecutive years in two different conditions (irrigated and rainfed) in a completely randomized block design with three replications in each environment. combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the ge interaction indicating the possibility of selection for stable entries. the results of additive main effect and ...200818817218
[molecular marker analysis of wheat-roegneria ciliaris additions lines.].a total of 135 est, 27 sts, and 253 ssr primer pairs located in 7 homoeologous groups of wheat and barly were used for amplification of 24 possible wheat-r. ciliaris disomic addition lines. fifty-five primer pairs could amplified polymorphic bands between common wheat variety "inayama komugi" and the inayama komugi- r. ciliaris amphiploid, and 31 of the 55 could amplify the specific bands of r. ciliaris in the addition lines. according to the pcr (polymerase chain reaction) results, the added r. ...200818930898
homoeologous gene silencing in tissue cultured wheat callus.in contrast to diploids, most polyploid plant species, which include the hexaploid bread wheat, possess an additional layer of epigenetic complexity. several studies have demonstrated that polyploids are affected by homoeologous gene silencing, a process in which sub-genomic genomic copies are selectively transcriptionally inactivated. this form of silencing can be tissue specific and may be linked to developmental or stress responses.200818928533
[identification of catalytically active groups of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ lipase].the active site of wheat germ lipase was studied by the dixon method and chemical modification. the profile of curve logv = f(ph), pk and ionization heat values, lipase photoinactivation, and lipase inactivation with diethylpyrocarbonate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide led us to assume that the active site of the enzyme comprises the carboxylic group of aspartic or glutamic acid and the imidazole group of histidine. apparently, the oh-group of serine plays a key role in catalysis: as a result of in ...200818924403
variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the healthgrain diversity screen.within the healthgrain diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. the wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both triticum aestivum l., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (triticum durum desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (t. monococcum l., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum schubler, 5 variet ...200818921978
folate in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen.as part of the diversity screen of the healthgrain project, the total folate contents of bread wheat (130 winter and 20 spring wheat genotypes), durum wheat (10 genotypes), earlier cultivated diploid einkorn and tetraploid emmer wheat (5 genotypes of each), and spelt (5 genotypes), grown in the same location in a controlled manner, were determined by a microbiological assay. the total folate contents ranged from 364 to 774 ng/g of dm in winter wheat and from 323 to 741 ng/g of dm in spring wheat ...200818921972
tocopherols and tocotrienols in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen.tocopherol and tocotrienol compositions were studied in 175 genotypes of different wheat types grown under similar conditions to screen for natural diversity. the main focus was on bread wheats, including 130 and 20 winter and spring types, respectively. the average total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols was 49.4 microg/g of dm, with a range of 27.6-79.7 microg/g of dm, indicating a 2.9-fold variation among genotypes. beta-tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol were the major vitamers, and in g ...200818921970
analysis of wheat sage tags reveals evidence for widespread antisense transcription.serial analysis of gene expression (sage) is a powerful tool for genome-wide transcription studies. unlike microarrays, it has the ability to detect novel forms of rna such as alternatively spliced and antisense transcripts, without the need for prior knowledge of their existence. one limitation of using sage on an organism with a complex genome and lacking detailed sequence information, such as the hexaploid bread wheat triticum aestivum, is accurate annotation of the tags generated. without ac ...200818847483
structural changes in root tips of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in response to olive oil mill wastewater.toxic effects of the wastewater were investigated ultrastructurally in root tips of triticum aestivum. as a result, wall and nuclear degradations, disruptions in all cytoplasmic membranes, irregular nucleus shapes and cellular organization defects were densely detected. besides, germination ratio, total protein contents, dna contents and root-shoot growth were found to be decreased significantly when compared to the control group. results were compared with those of recent studies regarding exce ...200818983041
evidence of ceased programmed cell death in metaphloem sieve elements in the developing caryopsis of triticum aestivum l.transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that the metaphloem sieve elements (mses) in the ventral vascular bundle of the caryopses of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) undergo a unique type of programmed cell death (pcd). terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel)-positive nuclei were observed at 3 and 4 days after flowering (daf). transmission electron microscopy studies of differentiating mses revealed increase ...200818985425
wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings secrete proteases from the roots and, after protein addition, grow well on medium without inorganic nitrogen.this paper reports on the role of proteases secreted by roots in nitrogen capture by plants. the study was conducted on aseptically cultivated wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum cv. tacher) obtained from embryos isolated from grains. seedlings were cultivated for 21 days on deionised water, murashige skoog medium (ms), ms without inorganic nitrogen (in), and ms without in, in which in was replaced by casein (0.01%, 0.1% or 1%). comparison of seedlings grown on these media showed that casein enti ...200818950429
detection of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in triticale (x triticosecale wittm.) cultivars by capillary zone electrophoresis.an improved method for separating and characterizing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in hexaploid triticale by capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) was developed. a low-concentrate mixture of hydrophilic polymers, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hpmc), in an isoelectric buffer was employed for dynamic coating of the capillary inner wall. in separation buffer pvp with lower concentrated poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) was replaced. the cze electropherogr ...200818808142
[toxic effect of musk ketone based on the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and root elongation].through the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and seedling growth, the toxic effect of emerging pollutant musk ketone was investigated. the results showed that 10 mg x kg(-1) of musk ketone could significantly inhibit the seed germination rate (p < 0. 05) and the seedling's root- and shoot elongation of wheat (p <0.01), and there existed a significant (p < 0.01) dose-effect relationship between musk ketone and root- and shoot elongation, suggesting that the seedling's ...200818808038
[evolution characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat cultivars bred in different years].taking six winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, i. e., 'wangshuibai' and 'bima 1' bred in 1950s, 'zhengyin 1' and 'yangmai 1' bred in 1970s, and 'yumai 34' and 'ningmai 9' bred in 1990s, as test materials, field experiments were conducted to study the evolution characteristics of their flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield. the results showed that compared with those bred in 1950s and 1970s, the cultivars bred in 1990s had higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (pn), ps ii ...200818808017
dynamics of light and nitrogen distribution during grain filling within wheat canopy.in monocarpic species, during the reproductive stage the growing grains represent a strong sink for nitrogen (n) and trigger n remobilization from the vegetative organs, which decreases canopy photosynthesis and accelerates leaf senescence. the spatiotemporal distribution of n in a reproductive canopy has not been described in detail. here, we investigated the role of the local light environment on the spatiotemporal distribution of leaf lamina n mass per unit leaf area (sln) during grain fillin ...200818799664
new dna markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat.end-use quality is one of the priorities of modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding. even though quality is a complex trait, high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins play a major role in determining the bread making quality of wheat. dna markers developed from the sequences of hmw glutenin genes were reported in several previous studies to facilitate marker-assisted selection (mas). however, most of the previously available markers are dominant and amplify large dna fragments, and thus are not ...200818797838
orf260cra, a novel mitochondrial gene, is associated with the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) in alloplasmic wheat.homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) can occur in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) that have the cytoplasm of the related species, aegilops crassa. previously we showed that pistillody results from altered patterns of expression of class b mads-box genes mediated by mitochondrial gene(s) in the ae. crassa cytoplasm. the wheat cultivar chinese spring does not show pistillody when ae. crassa cytoplasm is introduc ...200818794174
co-ordinated expression of amino acid metabolism in response to n and s deficiency during wheat grain filling.increasing demands for productivity together with environmental concerns about fertilizer use dictate that the future sustainability of agricultural systems will depend on improving fertilizer use efficiency. characterization of the biological processes responsible for efficient fertilizer use will provide tools for crop improvement under reduced inputs. transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were used to study the impact of nitrogen (n) and sulphur (s) deficiency on n and s remobilization fr ...200818791197
the chromosome region including the earliness per se locus eps-am1 affects the duration of early developmental phases and spikelet number in diploid wheat.earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the fine tuning of flowering time and for the wide adaptation of wheat to different environments. the earliness per se locus eps-a(m)1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cm interval on chromosome 1a(m)l of diploid wheat triticum monococcum l., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. in this study, this precise mapping information was used to cha ...200818836186
a physical map of the 1-gigabase bread wheat chromosome 3b.as the staple food for 35% of the world's population, wheat is one of the most important crop species. to date, sequence-based tools to accelerate wheat improvement are lacking. as part of the international effort to sequence the 17-billion-base-pair hexaploid bread wheat genome (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes), we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based integrated physical map of the largest chromosome, 3b, that alone is 995 megabases. a chromosome-specific bac library was used to a ...200818832645
genome organisation and retrotransposon driven molecular evolution of the endosperm hardness (ha) locus in triticum aestivum cv glenlea.wheat endosperm texture is controlled primarily by a locus (ha), which comprises gsp-1, pina and pinb genes encoding the so-called grain softness protein, puroindoline-a and puroindoline-b, respectively. pina and pinb were detected only on the d-genome of hexaploid wheat and its diploid progenitors while gsp-1 was on all three homoeologous loci. hexaploid cultivar glenlea has a hard phenotype due to a null pina genotype (d-genome) but the sequence organization is not reported. this study aimed a ...200818830712
cell membrane surface potential (psi0) plays a dominant role in the phytotoxicity of copper and arsenate.negative charges at cell membrane surfaces (cms) create a surface electrical potential (psi(0)) that affects ion concentrations at the cms and consequently affects the phytotoxicity of metallic cations and metalloid anions in different ways. the zeta potentials of root protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum), as affected by the ionic environment of the solution, were measured and compared with the values of psi(0) calculated with a gouy-chapman-stern model. the mechanisms for the effects of cat ...200818829983
molecular characterization of lmw-gs genes from a somatic hybrid introgression line ii-12 between triticum aestivum and agropyron elongatum in relation to quick evolution.in order to exploit the evolution and find novel low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) for improvement of common wheat quality, thirteen variants from a somatic hybrid introgression line ii-12 between triticum aestivum cv. jinan 177 (jn177) and agropyron elongatum were characterized via genomic pcr. four clones were pseudogenes because they contained an internal stop codon. the remaining nine variants contained intact open reading frames (orfs). sequence alignment indicates that the pro ...200819103430
kinetics of carotenoids degradation during the storage of einkorn (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. ssp. aestivum) flours.to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, the degradation kinetics of carotenoids in wholemeal and white flour of einkorn cv. monlis and bread wheat cv. serio, stored at -20, 5, 20, 30, and 38 degrees c, was assessed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. in monlis, the carotenoids content (8.1 and 9.8 mg/kg for wholemeal and white flour, respectively) was 8-fold higher than in serio (1.0 and 1.1 mg/kg). only lutein and zeaxanthin were detected in bread wheat, while signifi ...200818998697
new insights into the origin of the b genome of hexaploid wheat: evolutionary relationships at the spa genomic region with the s genome of the diploid relative aegilops speltoides.several studies suggested that the diploid ancestor of the b genome of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species belongs to the sitopsis section, having aegilops speltoides (ss, 2n = 14) as the closest identified relative. however molecular relationships based on genomic sequence comparison, including both coding and non-coding dna, have never been investigated. in an attempt to clarify these relationships, we compared, in this study, sequences of the storage protein activator (spa) locus region of ...200819032732
magnesium-isotope fractionation during plant growth.magnesium is an essential nutrient, which activates more enzymes than any other mineral element and, thus, plays an important role in biogeochemical cycles. with three stable isotopes naturally abundant (24mg, 78.992%; 25mg, 10.003%; 26mg, 11.005%), magnesium stable isotope fractionation may provide insights into these cycles. here, we detail for the first time the magnesium stable-isotope distribution in a higher plant, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), during its growth cycle. wheat plants were gr ...200819031868
mapping qtls for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance on chromosome 2d in a synthetic hexaploid wheat x common wheat cross.based on segregation distortion of simple sequence repeat (ssr) molecular markers, we detected a significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for pre-harvest sprouting (phs) tolerance on the short arm of chromosome 2d (2ds) in the extremely susceptible population of f2 progeny generated from the cross of phs tolerant synthetic hexaploid wheat cultivar 'rsp' and phs susceptible bread wheat cultivar '88-1643'. to identify the qtl of phs tolerance, we constructed two ssr-based genetic maps of 2ds in 2 ...200819029680
[cdcl2-induced morphogenetic variation of triticum aestivum cultivars].the effect cadmium chloride on released local cultivars of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum) has been studied under laboratory and field conditions in order to widen the variation spectrum of this plant. it has been found that treatment of grains with a 0.01% aqueous solution of cdcl2 induces the appearance of tall, strong plants with productive bushiness in the m1 generation that are characterized by various morphological changes: elongated ears, scales, and grains; increased number of grai ...200819137733
the bo1-specific pcr marker aww5l7 is predictive of boron tolerance status in a range of exotic durum and bread wheats.high soil boron (b) constitutes a major soil problem in many parts of the world, particularly in low-rainfall areas and land under irrigation. low accumulation of b in the shoot or grain of cereal crops is correlated with the maintenance of biomass production and grain yield under high b conditions, suggesting that this trait is an important component of field tolerance. a novel screening protocol to measure b accumulation in aerated and supported hydroponics was validated using a set of known a ...200819088810
characterization of novel lmw-gs genes at glu-d3 locus on chromosome 1d in aegilops tauschii.the objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between lmw-gs glu-d3 gene of ae. tauschii registered in genbank and the six glu-d3 genes including 12 allelic variants of common wheat characterized in our previous studies, and identify novel glu-d3 genes and haplotypes from ae. tauschii using gene specific pcr amplification. by searching the ncbi database, 13 lmw-gs genes/pseudogenes of ae. tauschii were retrieved and classified into five gene families based on their nucleotide sim ...200819076692
[genetic analysis of a novel aurea mutant in wheat].a novel spontaneous chlorina mutation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was found in 2000. three types of phenotypes, i.e., green plant, intermediate yellow-green plants (or chlorina), and yellow plant (aurea), were observed in the selfed progenies of the mutant. the aurea plants usually died before heading stage, and the intermediate plants were viable but less vigorous and developed later than the green plant. the mutant wheat was analyzed genetically after self-pollination and crossing with nor ...200819073577
effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (glomus veruciforme) on changes of some physiological parameters in cadmium treated wheat plants.soil pollution by heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to its potential adverse ecological effects. in this study we have investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (glomus veruciforme) on some physiological growth parameters, such as chlorophyll content, amount of total soluble sugar and total protein of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv. azar2) and we compared these factors in mycorrhizal (am) and non-mycorrhizal (non-am) plants. the content of chlorop ...200719086586
influence of osmo and hydropriming on seed germination and seedling growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars under different moisture and temperature conditions.insufficient seedling stand establishment is one of the major obstacles to achievement of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) potential yield. in the present study, seeds of eleven wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance were subjected to hydropriming with distilled water and osmopriming with peg 6000 for 12 h. speed of emergence, vigor index and seedling dry weight were studied under two temperature conditions at 11 and 18 degrees c in plant growth incubators. water stress started 15 days ...200719090277
sensitivity of two wheat species's seeds (triticum durum, variety karim and triticum aestivum, variety salambô) to heat constraint during germination.the aim of this study is determine the effect of different temperature regimes on germination of wheat seeds and early germination events. germination is very sensitive to environment conditions, particularly the temperature. physiological and biochemical responses of wheat seed germination during time at various temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 degrees c) have shown that optimal temperature (25 degrees c) favorites a good aptitude to germinate, whereas low (5 degrees c) and high temperature ( ...200719090228
effects of tillage on the activity density and biological diversity of carabid beetles in spring and winter crops.the effects of tillage regimen (conventional [ct] and no-tillage [nt]) on the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) was studied by pitfall trapping within a rain-fed cropping system in northwestern idaho, 2000-2002. the cropping rotation consisted of a spring cereal (barley, hordeum vulgare l., in 2000 and 2001; and wheat, triticum aestivum l., in 2002), spring dry pea (pisum sativum l.) 2000-2002, and wheat (t. aestivum), spring in 2000 and 2001, and winter i ...200717445370
plants at high altitude exhibit higher component of alternative respiration.total respiration, capacities of cytochrome (cytr) and alternative respiration (ar) were studied in two varieties of barley (horedum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) each and one variety of pea (pisum sativum) at low (palampur; 1300 m) and high altitudes (kibber; 4200 m). similar studies were carried out in naturally growing rumex nepalensis and trifoilum repenses at palampur, palchan (2250 m) and marhi (3250 m). all the plants species exhibited lower cytr but significantly higher ar capac ...200716338027
suppressive potential of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) flour against five species of stored-product mites (acari: acarididae).previous research has demonstrated that legume proteins have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests, but activity against stored-product mites has not been tested. a study was therefore conducted to explore the potential of bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., flour as novel botanical acaricide against five species of storage and dust mites: acarus siro l., aleuroglyphus ovatus (troupeau), caloglyphus redickorzevi (zachvatkin), lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank), and tyrophagus putrescentiae ...200717461087
influence of ultraviolet-c radiation on some growth parameters of mycorrhizal wheat plants.uv-c radiation (220-280 nm) is known to causing damage in some physiological growth parameters such as chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and sugar contents. in this study, effect of some species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tolerance of uv-c radiation in wheat plants was studied. wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. azar2) plants colonized by three species of mycorrhizae namely glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices and glomus veruciforme were used in this study. they have been exposed ...200719086585
carboxylate composition of root exudates does not relate consistently to a crop species' ability to use phosphorus from aluminium, iron or calcium phosphate sources.•  the relationship between carboxylate release from roots and the ability of the species to utilize phosphorus from sparingly soluble forms was studied by comparing triticum aestivum, brassica napus, cicer arietinum, pisum sativum, lupinus albus, lupinus angustifolius and lupinus cosentinii. •  plants were grown in sand and supplied with 40 mg p kg-1 in the sparingly soluble forms alpo4 , fepo4 or ca5 oh(po4 )3 , or as soluble kh2 po4 ; control plants received no p. •  the ability to utilize sp ...200728644531
strobilurin fungicides induce changes in photosynthetic gas exchange that do not improve water use efficiency of plants grown under conditions of water stress.the effects of five strobilurin (beta-methoxyacrylate) fungicides and one triazole fungicide on the physiological parameters of well-watered or water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soya (glycine max merr.) plants were compared. water use efficiency (wue) (the ratio of rate of transpiration, e, to net rate of photosynthesis, a(n)) of well-watered wheat plants was improved slightly by strobilurin fungicides, but was reduced in water-stressed plants, so there ...200717912684
predicting the impact of changing co(2) on crop yields: some thoughts on food.recent breakthroughs in co(2) fumigation methods using free-air co(2) enrichment (face) technology have prompted comparisons between face experiments and enclosure studies with respect to quantification of the effects of projected atmospheric co(2) concentrations on crop yields. on the basis of one such comparison, it was argued that model projections of future food supply (some of which are based on older enclosure data) may have significantly overestimated the positive effect of elevated co(2) ...200717688578
[effects of herbicide acetochlor on physiological mechanisms in wheat and biomarkers identification].changes of the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidases (pod) and superoxide dismutases (sod) and the contents of chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), and soluble proteins (sp) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under the stress of acetochlor in soil were examined. the increased mda level detected in the leaves of wheat after 1 day exposure of acetochlor indicated the presence of poisoning aos. however, the difference of mda levels in leaves of different concentrations of acetochl ...200717639951
study on powdery mildew resistance transfer from s. cereale l.cv. weiling rye into wheat.weiling rye (s. cereale l.cv.), a chinese dwarf rye, confers high powdery mildew (erysiphe gramininis f.sp.tritici) in china. my8443, a wheat cultivars infecting seriously powdery mildew disease, was used as the female parent and weiling rye was used as the donor of powdery mildew resistance in the study. a new wheat-rye translocation line,named no.147,was developed from bc2f6 progenies of wheat cultivars my8443 and weiling rye to transfer the resistance from weiling rye to common wheat. the pow ...200717357447
genotyping of somatic hybrids between festuca arundinacea schreb. and triticum aestivum l.in order to genotype hybrid genomes of distant asymmetric somatic hybrids, we synthesized hybrid calli and plants via peg-mediated protoplast fusion between recipient tall fescue (festuca. arundinacea schreb.) and donor wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seventeen and 25 putative hybrid clones were produced from the fusion combinations i and ii, each with the donor wheat protoplast treated by uv light for 30 s and 1 min, respectively. isozyme and rapd profiles confirmed that ten hybrid clones were ob ...200717594098
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