Publications

adhesin expression in matched nasopharyngeal and middle ear isolates of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from children with acute otitis media.	the hmw1 and hmw2 proteins, hia, and hemagglutinating pili are important adherence factors in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. to gain insight into the relative importance of these adhesins in nasopharyngeal colonization and localized respiratory tract disease, we assessed their expression in matched nasopharyngeal and middle ear isolates of nontypeable h. influenzae from 17 children with acute otitis media. in all patients, including 11 with bilateral disease, the matched isolates were isoge ...	1999	9864255
eradication by ceftriaxone of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with increased resistance to penicillin in cases of acute otitis media.	this multicenter, noncomparative, nonrandomized study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone for treating acute otitis media in children following clinical failure of oral antibiotic therapy. middle-ear fluid samples were collected on day 0 and on day 3, 4, or 5 (day 3 to 5) and were used to test whether ceftriaxone therapy can eradicate streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with increased resistance to penicillin (mic >/= 1 mg/liter). at the first visit, on day 0, middle-ear flui ...	1999	9869558
two pharmacodynamic models for assessing the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of streptococcus pneumoniae.	two models of respiratory tract infection were used to investigate the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin-clavulanate against streptococcus pneumoniae. eight strains of s. pneumoniae were used in a mouse model in which the animals were infected intranasally and were then treated with a range of doses and dose intervals. the time that the plasma amoxicillin concentration remained above the mic (t>mic) correlated well with bacterial killing, such that if t>mic was below 20% there was no effect on bac ...	1999	9869561
efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of streptococcus pneumoniae.	the purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae could be improved by increasing the pediatric amoxicillin unit dose (90 versus 45 mg/kg of body weight/day) while maintaining the clavulanate unit dose at 6.4 mg/kg/day. a rat pneumonia model was used. in that model approximately 6 log10 cfu of one of four strains of s. pneumoniae (amoxicillin mics, 2 microg/ml [one strain], 4 microg/ml [two s ...	1999	9869562
characterization of dihydrofolate reductase genes from trimethoprim-susceptible and trimethoprim-resistant strains of enterococcus faecalis.	enterococci are usually susceptible in vitro to trimethoprim; however, high-level resistance (hlr) (mics, >1,024 microg/ml) has been reported. we studied enterococcus faecalis del, for which the trimethoprim mic was >1,024 microg/ml. no transfer of resistance was achieved by broth or filter matings. two different genes that conferred trimethoprim resistance when they were cloned in escherichia coli (mics, 128 and >1,024 microg/ml) were studied. one gene that coded for a polypeptide of 165 amino ...	1999	9869579
increase in quinolone resistance in a haemophilus influenzae strain isolated from a patient with recurrent respiratory infections treated with ofloxacin.	the increase in the level of quinolone resistance of haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates during ofloxacin therapy of a patient with recurrent respiratory infections was investigated. the first isolate (mic of ciprofloxacin of 2 microg/ml) and the second isolate (mic of 32 microg/ml) belonged to the same clone, as shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the increase in the resistance level was associated with a substitution in ser-84 to arg in the parc protein. these results emphasize ...	1999	9869583
evaluation of amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr using cppb nested pcr and 16s rrna pcr.	certain strains of neisseria subflava and neisseria cinerea are known to produce false-positive results with the amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr (roche diagnostic systems, branchburg, n.j.). the analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of three pcr tests were assessed with 3 geographically diverse n. gonorrhoeae strains and 30 non-n. gonorrhoeae neisseria spp. the sensitivities of the in-house nested cppb gene and the 16s rrna pcr methods were greater than that of the amplicor n. gon ...	1999	9889224
comparison of randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of moraxella catarrhalis strains.	randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for the analysis of 13 moraxella catarrhalis isolates, 11 successive strains isolated from sputa of five children and 2 isolates obtained the same day from twins, were compared. rapd and pfge both yielded nine types from the 13 isolates, showing a chronic colonization with one strain in three patients and a successive colonization with different strains in two patients. the promising results obtained with rapd ...	1999	9889241
binding and utilization of human transferrin by prevotella nigrescens.	to survive and multiply within their hosts, pathogens must possess efficient iron-scavenging mechanisms. in the present study, we investigate the capacity of prevotella nigrescens and prevotella intermedia to use various sources of iron for growth and characterize the transferrin-binding activity of p. nigrescens. iron-saturated human transferrin and lactoferrin, but not ferric chloride and the iron-free form of transferrin, could be used as sources of iron by p. nigrescens and p. intermedia. ne ...	1999	9916061
neisseria gonorrhoeae mutants altered in toxicity to human fallopian tubes and molecular characterization of the genetic locus involved.	in an effort to identify potential cytotoxins expressed by neisseria gonorrhoeae, we have identified a locus that, when mutated in the gonococcus, results in a significant increase in toxicity of the strain to human fallopian tube organ cultures (hftoc). this locus, gly1, contains two open reading frames (orfs) which are likely cotranscribed. orf1 encodes a polypeptide of 17.8 kda with a signal sequence that is recognized and processed in escherichia coli and n. gonorrhoeae. the 15.6-kda process ...	1999	9916071
use of an isogenic mutant constructed in moraxella catarrhalis to identify a protective epitope of outer membrane protein b1 defined by monoclonal antibody 11c6.	moraxella catarrhalis-induced otitis media continues to be a significant cause of infection in young children, prompting increased efforts at identifying effective vaccine antigens. we have previously demonstrated that m. catarrhalis expresses specific outer membrane proteins (omps) in response to iron limitation and that this organism can utilize transferrin and lactoferrin for in vitro growth. one of these proteins, which binds human transferrin, is omp b1. as the human host presents a natural ...	1999	9916077
escherichia coli atcc 35218 as a quality control isolate for susceptibility testing of haemophilus influenzae with haemophilus test medium.	current national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) susceptibility guidelines for quality control testing with haemophilus influenzae do not include a beta-lactamase-producing strain that could detect the deterioration of the beta-lactamase inhibitor components of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. the objective of the study was to determine if comparable quality control results for escherichia coli atcc 35218, a beta-lactamase-produc ...	1999	9925519
activities of newer fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates including those with mutations in the gyra, parc, and pare loci.	resistance to fluoroquinolone (fq) antibiotics in streptococcus pneumoniae has been attributed primarily to specific mutations in the genes for dna gyrase (gyra and gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (parc and pare). resistance to some fqs can result from a single mutation in one or more of the genes encoding these essential enzymes. a group of 160 clinical isolates of pneumococci was examined in this study, including 36 ofloxacin-resistant isolates (mics, > or = 8 micrograms/ml) recovered from patients ...	1999	9925527
haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997).	between february and june of 1997, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae (n = 1,077) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 503) from 27 u.s. and 7 canadian medical centers were characterized as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. overall prevalences of beta-lactamase production were 33.5% in h. influenzae and 92.2% in m. catarrhalis with no differences noted between isolates recovered in the united states and those from canada. amon ...	1999	9925540
the relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance.	the threat to human health posed by antibiotic resistance is of growing concern. many commensal and pathogenic organisms have developed resistance to well established and newer antibiotics. the major selection pressure driving changes in the frequency of antibiotic resistance is the volume of drug use. however, establishing a quantitative relationship between the frequency of resistance and volume of drug use has proved difficult. using population genetic methods and epidemiological observations ...	1999	9927709
strategies for dealing with amoxicillin failure in acute otitis media.	acute otitis media is the most common bacterial infection in pediatric patients. the predominant pathogens of acute otitis media are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. traditionally, amoxicillin has been the first-line therapeutic choice for patients with uncomplicated acute otitis media. however, with the increasing isolation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and penicillin-resistant s pneumoniae, the frequency of amoxicillin treatment failures also ...	1999	9932075
comparative in vitro activities of moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) and other antimicrobial agents against respiratory tract pathogens in brazil.	clinical isolates of respiratory tract pathogens were susceptibility tested against six different antimicrobial agents. the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin was compared with that of levofloxacin, cefaclor, amoxicillin-clavulanate acid, azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 111 isolates, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and other species isolated from respiratory tract infections. all isolates were susceptible to moxifloxacin, ex ...	1999	11084671
epidemiology of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the major respiratory pathogens circulating in europe.	there is an overwhelming consensus on the fact that streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis represent the prevailing bacterial pathogens of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. their specific incidence as causative agents of the more common syndromes is known to vary even profoundly depending on geographic location, and the same holds true for the rates of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. europe does not escape the threat posed by the presen ...	1999	10885819
prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia of bacterial etiology in adults.	the aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in spain. from may 1994 to february 1996, 392 episodes of cap diagnosed in the emergency department of a 600-bed university hospital were studied. an etiological diagnosis based on noninvasive microbiological investigations was achieved in 228 cases (58%); 173 of these diagnoses were definitive and 55 probable. streptococcus pneumoniae, which caused 23.9% of the episodes, was the p ...	1999	10691195
cefaclor af versus amoxycillin/clavulanate in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a randomised multicentre study.	cefaclor and amoxycillin/clavulanate are active against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus--pathogens commonly associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). this randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, multicentre study investigated the comparative efficacy and safety of 7-day treatment regimens of cefaclor af (750 mg b.d. [n = 73]) and amoxycillin/clavulanate (875/125 mg b.d. [n = 72]) in aecb. a favourable cli ...	1999	10692750
[in vitro activity of biapenem (bipm) against clinically isolated respiratory pathogens in 1996-1998].	the in vitro antibacterial activity of biapenem (bipm), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was compared with those of imipenem (ipm), panipenem (papm), meropenem (mepm), ceftazidime (caz) and piperacillin (pipc) against 280 isolates of 9 respiratory pathogens. the mic90s of biapenem (bipm) for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae were ...	1999	10695024
the in vitro effects of cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate on oral and pharyngeal microorganisms of various ecological niches.	the purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate for various aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms responsible for oral and pharyngeal diseases by assessing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) or minimum fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) and by determining kill-times. the mics of cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate for 46 tested strains (25 reference strains and 21 clinical isolates) ...	1999	10697804
results of the 1997 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program in three brazilian medical centers.	the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program began in january, 1997, and is designed to monitor nosocomial and selected community acquired infections via a worldwide surveillance network of sentinel hospitals distributed equally by geographic location and size. three sites in brazil - rio de janeiro, florianópolis, and são paulo - participated in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program stet. rank order of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic species causing bloodstrea ...	1999	11098193
infection in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a clinical perspective.	acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is an important cause of death and morbidity in developed countries and also has significant economic impact. the disease is characterized by increased dyspnoea, sputum volume and sputum purulence; the most commonly associated pathogens are haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae express virulence determinants that directly and indirectly impair mucociliary clearance and incite ot ...	1999	10653044
clinical microbiology reviews: genesis of a journal.	in 1986 planning for a new asm review journal, clinical microbiology reviews (cmr), began. cmr would publish articles primarily of interest to persons concerned with pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, and control of human and veterinary pathogens. the first issue was published in january 1988, with quarterly publication since then. the journal quickly became successful in terms of subscribers and impact on the field, earning a strong national and international reputation. the achi ...	1999	10194455
killed whole bacterial cells, a mucosal delivery system for the induction of immunity in the respiratory tract and middle ear: an overview.	infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with mucosal membranes being the most frequent portals of entry of pathogenic micro-organisms. this has prompted studies aimed at the development of vaccination protocols that would lead to an increased protection of mucosae through an understanding of the common mucosal immune system as an immune communication network between mucosal sites. recent studies have suggested that preferential sub-networks exist within th ...	1999	10194839
[in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other antibiotics against fresh clinical isolates].	in this study, the in vitro activity of levofloxacin (lvfx) against 1,020 fresh bacterial clinical isolates was compared with the activities of a range of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (cpfx), ampicillin (abpc), cefaclor, cefpodoxime, methicillin and benzylpenicillin. the clinical isolates except vibrio cholerae were collected in japan during 1998 from patients with infectious diseases. mics were determined using the agar dilution method according to the recommendations by the japan society of chemot ...	1999	10746192
in vitro activities of sch27899 alone and in combination with 17 other antimicrobial agents.	sch27899, an everninomicin antibiotic, was tested for its in vitro activity against 718 bacterial isolates representing 27 species. the enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli were resistant to > or = 8.0 microg/ml, but all others were inhibited by < or = 1.0 microg/ml. when tested in combination with 17 other antimicrobial agents against 110 strains, sch27899 demonstrated no significant antagonism or synergy. consequently, combination therapy is not contraindicated.	1999	10582895
the new fluoroquinolones: a critical review.	this paper reviews the literature available on the new fluoroquinolones - clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin - to compare these agents with each other and contrast them with ciprofloxacin, an older fluoroquinolone.	1999	22346384
observations from a multicentre study on the use of the sputum specimen in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.	to describe the use of sputum gram stain and culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and to determine the factors that are associated with obtaining sputum for culture.	1999	22346371
acute otitis media.		1999	10496831
pharmacokinetics and inflammatory-fluid penetration of moxifloxacin following oral or intravenous administration.	a single 400-mg oral or intravenous (i.v.) dose of moxifloxacin was given to each of eight healthy male volunteers, and 6 weeks later the dose was administered by the other route. the concentrations of the drug in plasma, cantharidin-induced inflammatory fluid, and urine were measured over the subsequent 24 h. the mean maximum concentrations observed in plasma were 4.98 microg/ml after oral dosing and 5.09 microg/ml after i.v. dosing. the mean maximum concentrations attained in the inflammatory ...	1999	10348784
a cross-canada surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory tract pathogens.	to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from medical centres across canada.	1999	22346378
interpretation of middle ear fluid concentrations of antibiotics: comparison between ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin.	the aim of this study was to determine the potential influence of variables such as the cell content in the fluid, and serum levels, on the concentrations of ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin in the middle ear fluid of patients suffering from acute otitis media.	1999	10215750
time to identification of positive bacterial cultures in infants under three months of age hospitalized to rule out sepsis.	to calculate the culture incubation required to determine bacteremia or meningitis in infants younger than three months of age hospitalized from the community following a full septic work-up for fever without focus.	1999	20212937
the role of quinolones in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. the airflow obstruction is generally progressive. in the past asthma was often confused with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but as the cellular inflammatory mechanisms are quite different to chronic bronchitis and emphysema it is prudent to separate this condition of airway hyper-responsiveness. exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmon ...	1999	17035819
antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens.	antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens has dramatically increased during recent years. resistance to penicillin and multiple antimicrobial agents in pneumococci and resistance to ampicillin in moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae, as a result of betalactamase production, have become highly prevalent worldwide. the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis in different countries is of concern, and has become a therapeutic challenge.	1998	17033379
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer oral cephalosporins: implications for treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.	full knowledge of the inter-relationships between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics is important in choosing an appropriate antibiotic, determining its optimal dosage regimen, and predicting which pharmacokinetic parameter(s) should best correlate with clinical efficacy in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). pharmacodynamics of antibiotics deal with the time-course of drug activity and mechanisms of action of drugs on bacteria. in particular, the b ...	1998	18370555
16s ribosomal dna typing for identification of pathogens in patients with bacterial keratitis.	the identification of pathogens in patients with bacterial keratitis remains problematic because standard diagnostic tests are negative for 40 to 60% of patients. a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine if pcr and sequence analysis of 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) could be used to detect bacterial pathogens in patients with keratitis. corneal specimens were collected for culture and rdna typing. variable segments of each rdna specimen were amplified by pcr, sequenced, and aligned with the ...	1998	9817860
imipenem and meropenem: comparison of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and adverse effects.	to compare and contrast imipenem and meropenem in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects.	1998	22346545
in vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 north american centers.	clinafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin against 4,213 aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from 10 medical centers, as tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. the percentage of 201 anaerobes susceptible to clinafloxacin by broth microdilution was comparable to cefoxitin. our data support the proposed disk diffusion interpretive criteria for aerobic bacteria with 5-microg clinafloxacin disks.	1998	9593166
double-blind evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral once-daily 750-milligram and 1-gram doses of levofloxacin in healthy volunteers.	the safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily oral levofloxacin in 16 healthy male volunteers were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 10) or placebo group (n = 6). in study period 1, 750 mg of levofloxacin or a placebo was administered orally as a single dose on day 1, followed by a washout period on days 2 and 3; dosing resumed for days 4 to 10. following a 3-day washout period, 1 g of levofloxacin or a pla ...	1998	9559801
comparison of strategies using cefpirome and ceftazidime for empiric treatment of pneumonia in intensive care patients. the cefpirome pneumonia study group.	in an international, multicenter, open-label, randomized comparative study, adult patients in intensive care units were enrolled to receive cefpirome intravenously at 2 g twice daily or ceftazidime intravenously at 2 g three times daily for the empiric treatment of pneumonia. randomization was performed after a double stratification according to the investigator's initial choice of monotherapy or combination therapy and then on the basis of the severity of disease. the primary endpoint was the c ...	1998	9449256
kinship and diversification of bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases.		1998	9449253
new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 1997 and new indications for previously approved agents.		1998	9559830
short-sequence dna repeats in prokaryotic genomes.	short-sequence dna repeat (ssr) loci can be identified in all eukaryotic and many prokaryotic genomes. these loci harbor short or long stretches of repeated nucleotide sequence motifs. dna sequence motifs in a single locus can be identical and/or heterogeneous. ssrs are encountered in many different branches of the prokaryote kingdom. they are found in genes encoding products as diverse as microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and specific bacterial virulence factors ...	1998	9618442
recent advances: medical microbiology.		1998	9774296
are amoxycillin and folate inhibitors as effective as other antibiotics for acute sinusitis? a meta-analysis.	to examine whether antibiotics are indicated in treating uncomplicated acute sinusitis and, if so, whether newer and more expensive antibiotics with broad spectra of antimicrobial activity are more effective than amoxycillin or folate inhibitors.	1998	9727991
treatment of the common cold.		1998	9651268
re: the new macrolide antibiotics: use them carefully.		1998	20401263
antibiotic management of acute otitis media.		1998	20401260
community acquired pneumonia in elderly people. current british guidelines need revision.		1998	9614014
recent developments in streptogramin research.	the streptogramins are a class of antibiotics remarkable for their antibacterial activity and their unique mechanism of action. these antibiotics are produced naturally, but the therapeutic use of the natural compounds is limited because they do not dissolve in water. new semisynthetic derivatives, in particular the injectable streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin, offer promise for treating the rising number of infections that are caused by multiply resistant bacteria. the streptogramins cons ...	1998	10197038
[the postantibiotic effect of azithromycin on respiratory pathogens].	we assessed the post-antibiotic effect (pae) of azithromycin against 3 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae 2 strains of haemophilus influenzae and 2 strains of moraxella catarrhalis. the strains were exposed for 2 hours to a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. a stationary phase inoculum of 1 x 10(6)-5 x 10(6) cfu/ml in isosensitest broth with 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/l nad was used and shaken for the duration of the experiment. antibiotic was neutralised by dilution 1:1000 into pre-warmed medium. ...	1998	10756861
bronchopulmonary infection due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis at a specialist hospital in saudi arabia.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is now considered as one of the most important causative organisms responsible for respiratory tract infection. specimens of tracheal aspirates from inpatients at king fahd specialist hospital, buraidah, saudi arabia were collected over a period of 18 months to determine prospectively the frequency of moraxella catarrhalis and its antimicrobial susceptibility. moraxella catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from 3.8% of the tracheal aspirates collected from ...	1998	10810561
[protein antigens of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis and neisseria meningitidis].		1998	9949519
isolation of pathogenic bacteria from induced sputum from hospitalized children with pneumonia in bangladesh.	a prospective study was carried out on 157 patients admitted to a paediatric hospital in dhaka, bangladesh to determine the bacteria present in the induced sputum of paediatric patients with x-ray proven pneumonia. their ages ranged from 21 days to 11 years; 65 per cent of them were male and 35 per cent were female. the most affected age group was between 6 months and 2 years old. respiratory secretions produced by induced cough were taken by swab from the oropharynx for culture and smear. the p ...	1998	9972076
serum antibodies specific to cd outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis, p6 outer membrane protein of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae in children with otitis media with effusion.	we measured the levels of serum igg antibodies to cd outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis, p6 outer membrane protein of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae in 168 children with otitis media with effusion (ome) who were followed prospectively, using elisa. serum igg antibodies to cd, p6 and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were detected in all samples. the anti-pneumococcal polysaccharides antibody level was highest, followe ...	1998	9870628
[antibiotic sensitivity of important pathogens of bacterial respiratory tract infections in northeast germany].	there is still a lack of comprehensive study results about resistance of bacterial respiratory pathogens from the east of the federal republic of germany.	1998	9872042
the effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on clinical parameters in steady-state bronchiectasis.	to investigate the effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on clinical parameters in chinese patients with noncystic fibrosis and steady-state bronchiectasis.	1998	9872194
bacteriologic efficacy of a three-day intramuscular ceftriaxone regimen in nonresponsive acute otitis media.	to determine the bacteriologic efficacy of ceftriaxone in nonresponsive acute otitis media in children.	1998	9877360
the identification of response regulators of branhamella catarrhalis using pcr.	potential response regulator gene fragments from the genome of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis were isolated by pcr using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. dna sequence analysis of several cloned pcr products with similar restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) patterns revealed that the cloned gene fragment had significant homology to members of the ompr sub-family of response regulator genes, including 61% identity with the phob gene of haemophilus influenzae. the derived amino acid sequ ...	1998	9879927
outer-membrane antigen expression by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis influences pulmonary clearance.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common respiratory tract pathogen in man. the bacterium shows a strong tendency to form aggregates in vitro. a variant strain of m. catarrhalis that showed a reduced tendency to form aggregates was selected by successive in-vitro passage in broth culture from which aggregates had settled. the non-clumping variant strain showed alteration in expression of outer-membrane antigens, including the hmw-omp, an outer-membrane protein of c. 200 kda, outer-membran ...	1998	9879959
[study on bacteremia due to community-acquired infection in infants and children without underlying diseases].	between july 1988 and june 1998, 22 pediatric patients without underlying diseases were diagnosed as bacteremia caused by community-acquired infection in asahikawa kosei hospital. the age range of the patients was from 7 days to 4 years. their diseases were meningitis in 6, urinary tract infection in 6, respiratory tract infection in 4, skin infection in 2, and unknown origin in 4. the causative organisms were escherichia coli in 7, haemophilus influenzae in 4, streptococcus pneumoniae in 4, sta ...	1998	9884506
microbiologic characteristics of persistent otitis media.	to identify the pathogens isolated from children with acute otitis media who did not respond to antimicrobial drug therapy.	1998	9865757
etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting.	a prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (rti) in adults. rti was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness. tests were conducted for detection of 17 microorganisms known to cause rti, includi ...	1998	9865980
[the tonsils and adenoids as a site of infection and the cause of obstruction].	the failure to eradicate group a beta-hemolytic streptococci from the pharynx is partly due to a low compliance, but above all, an alteration of the oropharyngeal microbiological flora: reduction of alpha-haemolytic streptococci which inhibit group a beta-hemolytic streptococci and increase of microorganisms such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis. these latter act indirectly destroying the beta-lactamic ring of penicillins. however, this obstacle is overc ...	1998	9866845
nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with potent antibacterial activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.		1998	9857083
[bacterial flora in pharyngitis and tonsillitis].	the aim of the study was a microbiological analysis of pharyngeal swabs obtained from 158 patients with the diagnosis of pharyngitis and purulent exudates from the tonsillar crypts of 10 patients treated for chronic purulent tonsillitis. beta haemolytic streptococci groups a, b, c and g were isolated from 30% of the patients. the most frequently isolated were streptococcus pyogenes--12% of patients and streptococcus group c--10.7%. other streptococci were isolated less frequently: streptococcus ...	1998	9857615
[the impact of bronchial colonization in the quality of life of patients with chronic, stable bronchitis].	the aim of this study was to determine the impact of respiratory function and bacterial colonization of the lower airway on the quality of life of patients with chronic, stable bronchitis (cb).	1998	9859087
mapping of a protective epitope of the copb outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) (mab 10f3) directed against the copb outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis previously was found to enhance pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis in an animal model (m. helminen, i. maciver, j. l. latimer, l. d. cope, g. h. mccracken, jr., and e. j. hansen, infect. immun. 61:2003-2010, 1993). in the present study, this same mab was shown to exert complement-dependent bactericidal activity against this pathogen in vitro. nucleotide sequence analysis of the cop ...	1998	9453607
synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugates as vaccine candidates for moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium and elicits bactericidal antibodies. treatment of the los from strain atcc 25238 with anhydrous hydrazine reduced its toxicity 20,000-fold, as assayed in the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) test. the detoxified los (dlos) was coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt) or high-molecular-wei ...	1998	9573066
two-step pcr-based assay for identification of bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion in infected lebanese children.	we developed and evaluated a two-step pcr-based assay with universal primers and genus- or species-specific primers for the detection of the most prevalent bacterial etiologies of otitis media with effusion (ome) in children from lebanese hospitals. these etiologies included haemophilus, streptococcus, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, which were detected in middle-ear effusion (mee) samples taken from children with ome. a total of 47 mee samples were aspirated from 36 patients during ins ...	1998	9574673
comparative evaluation of culture and pcr for the detection and determination of persistence of bacterial strains and dnas in the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media.	this study was designed to determine the persistence of culturable bacteria versus dna in the presence of a middle ear effusion in a chinchilla model of otitis media. cohorts of animals were either infected with an ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae strain or injected with a tripartite inoculum consisting of freeze-thawed streptococcus pneumoniae; pasteurized moraxella catarrhalis; and dna from h influenzae. the h influenzae-infected animals displayed culture positivity and polymerase c ...	1998	9635461
comparative antimicrobial activity and kill-curve investigations of novel ketolide antimicrobial agents (hmr 3004 and hmr 3647) tested against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains.	the activity of two ketolide compounds, hmr 3004 and 3647, were compared to those of five macrolides, quinupristin/dalfopristin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. the rate of killing for the ketolides was also assessed against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. one hundred h. influenzae and 148 m. catarrhalis isolates were tested using broth microdilution and appropriate growth media. the killing rates of hmr 3004 and 3647 were analyzed using the time-kill method against five strains ...	1998	9635909
human antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis antigens.	moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from 68 of 200 (34%) sputum and 56 (28%) nasopharyngeal swab samples of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. of the 68 pneumonia patients, 42 (61.8%) were males and 26 (38.2%) females. fifty one of the 68 patients (75%) had chronic underlying diseases. beta-lactamase was produced by 37 (54.4%) of the 68 sputum samples and 32(57.1%) of the 56 nasopharyngeal isolates. in an elisa using outer membrane protein antigens of m. catarrhalis against patient sera ...	1998	9640818
the common cold: effects of intranasal fluticasone propionate treatment.	a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of the intranasal corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (fp), in the naturally occurring common cold.	1998	9648698
genetic diversity among strains of moraxella catarrhalis: analysis using multiple dna probes and a single-locus pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a causative agent of otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of bronchitis, has acquired widespread ability to produce beta-lactamase and can be nosocomially transmitted. the typing methods used in epidemiological analyses of m. catarrhalis are not optimal for genetic analyses. two methods, a multiple-locus southern blot (sb) method and a single-locus pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method, were developed and used to assess genetic diver ...	1998	9650948
bacteria in the middle ear and nasopharynx during tympanostomy tube insertion.	to evaluate the efficacy of nasopharyngeal cultures in identifying pathogens in middle-ear effusions as an alternative to cultures obtained through tympanocentesis.	1998	9758177
susceptibility of european respiratory tract isolates to trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ampicillin.	as part of the artemis project, 11500 isolates (3000 from patients with respiratory tract infections) were collected throughout six european countries between 1994 and 1996. twenty-seven hospitals or laboratories participated in this first phase of the study. the activities of three classes of antimicrobial agents (fluoroquinolones, beta-lactam agents, macrolides) are presented for the six most frequently isolated pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae ...	1998	9758284
[bacteremia caused by moraxella catarrhalis].		1998	9763752
in vitro evaluation of a novel orally administered cephalosporin (cefditoren) tested against 1249 recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae.	cefditoren (formerly me-1206), a new orally administered cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1249 recently isolated strains of streptococcus pneumoniae (500 strains), moraxella catarrhalis (250 strains), and haemophilus influenzae (499 strains). reference national committee for clinical laboratory standards methods were used and the strains were representative for the current rates of beta-lactamase production or penicillin resistance. cefditoren had mic50/mic90 results for moraxella c ...	1998	9764398
management of infections due to antibiotic-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae.	antibiotic-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae are becoming more prevalent throughout the world; this has resulted in modifications of treatment approaches. management of bacterial meningitis has the greatest consensus. strategies for treating other systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and musculoskeletal infections are evolving, in part related to the availability of new antibiotics which are active in vitro against isolates resistant to penicillin and the extended-spect ...	1998	9767060
is bacterial tracheitis changing? a 14-month experience in a pediatric intensive care unit.	bacterial tracheitis is characterized by acute upper-airway obstruction and purulent secretions within the trachea. historically, affected children were young, stridorous, and toxic-appearing and required tracheal intubation, and morbidity and mortality were significant. staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism involved. during the 14 months of this retrospective study, 46 children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit because of this diagnosis, and their medical records w ...	1998	9770140
the ability to bind albumin is correlated with nitric oxide sensitivity in moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis is sensitive to no generators, e.g. s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (snap) and sodium nitroprusside (snp), but can spontaneously develop higher snp tolerance. using sds-page of outer membrane proteins and immunoblotting for serum albumin, we found that the wild strain bound more blood-medium-derived albumin than the snp-resistant variant did. there was a negative correlation between no tolerance and the presence of serum albumin in the medium. we suggest that m. catarrhalis ...	1998	9770282
human milk lactoferrin inactivates two putative colonization factors expressed by haemophilus influenzae.	haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of otitis media and other respiratory tract disease in children. the pathogenesis of disease begins with colonization of the upper respiratory mucosa, a process that involves evasion of local immune mechanisms and adherence to epithelial cells. several studies have demonstrated that human milk is protective against h. influenzae colonization and disease. in the present study, we examined the effect of human milk on the h. influenzae iga1 protease and hap a ...	1998	9770539
detection of point mutations associated with resistance of helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin by hybridization in liquid phase.	when the standard procedure for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria is used, the results are delayed, especially for bacteria that grow slowly, such as helicobacter pylori. treatment for this bacterium may involve clarithromycin, a compound for which resistance has been associated with point mutations on the 23s rrna gene. this resistance is currently found in organisms isolated from 0 to 15% of patients and jeopardizes the success of the treatment. we have designed a test involvin ...	1998	9774580
correlation between presence of viable bacteria and presence of endotoxin in middle-ear effusions.	the presence of endotoxin (detected by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay) was compared to the presence of viable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (detected by pcr) in 106 middle-ear effusions from pediatric patients with chronic otitis media. endotoxin was found in 81 of the 106 specimens. of these 81 specimens, 66 (81.5%) also tested positive for one or both of the gram-negative bacteria h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis. the data suggest that viable gram-negative bacteria, dete ...	1998	9774611
bacterial lactoferrin receptors.	lactoferrin is thought to play a pivotal role in prevention of infection in the host and its ability to sequester iron from potential pathogens has been considered an important component of its antimicrobial function. a number of bacterial species in the neisseriaceae have developed a mechanism for acquiring iron directly from this host glycoprotein which involves surface receptors capable of specifically binding lactoferrin. initial attempts at identifying the receptor proteins in neisseria and ...	1998	9781351
sinusitis in neurologically impaired children.	the microbiologic features of infected sinus aspirates in nine children with neurologic impairment were studied. anaerobic bacteria, always mixed with aerobic and facultative bacteria, were isolated in 6 (67%) aspirates and aerobic bacteria only in 3 (33%). there were 24 bacterial isolates, 12 aerobic or facultative and 12 anaerobic. the predominant aerobic isolates were klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus (2 each) and proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, hae ...	1998	9781990
[the etiology of sporadic acute pneumonia in children].	the complex microbiological study of tracheobronchial washings and the detection of antibodies to surface components of whole bacterial cells in the indirect fluorescence test permitted the determination of the pneumococcal etiology of acute pneumonia (ap) in 134 children aged 1 month to 13 years (97.1%). in the course of ap 13 patients (9.4%) were found to have acute infectious processes caused by haemophilus influenzae (5 cases), different enterobacteria (4 cases), moraxella catarrhalis (2 cas ...	1998	9783407
antigenic diversity and gene polymorphisms in haemophilus influenzae.		1998	9784503
otitis media: focus on antimicrobial resistance and new treatment options.	antimicrobial resistance among organisms that cause acute otitis media (aom) and new approaches in the prevention and treatment of aom are discussed. organisms commonly responsible for causing aom include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the evolution of pneumococcal resistance to penicillins, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and oral cephalosporins may require treatment with agents such as vancomycin or rifampin in certain patients. h. inf ...	1998	9784768
mucosal immunity and bacteriology of the eustachian tube.	the pathogenesis of otitis media is a multifaceted process that is not completely understood. eustachian tube dysfunction plays a central but uncertain role, as do viral and bacterial microorganisms. of the latter, the three most important are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. this article reviews the various mechanisms of infection and the immune system's response to them.	1998	9787518
[clinical significance of fungal and microbial associations and antibacterial therapy for treatment of chronic inflammatory respiratory tract diseases in children].	microbiological examination applied to 270 children with chronic inflammatory and relapsing respiratory tract diseases revealed that by the frequency of the etiologically significant organisms the main pathogens isolated from the bronchial secretion belonged to haemophilus influenzae, then followed streptococcus pneumoniae and the less frequent isolates belonged to branhamella catarrhalis characterized by high susceptibility to the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins, erythromycin and azithrom ...	1998	9791682
bay 12-8039, a novel fluoroquinolone. activity against important respiratory tract pathogens.	bay 12-8039 or moxifloxacin is a new 8-methoxyquinolone with documented, improved activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria. this study tested 1250 commonly isolated respiratory tract pathogens (251 moraxella catarrhalis, 499 haemophilus influenzae, 500 streptococcus pneumoniae) from 1996-1997 clinical infections at more than 30 medical centers. among the m. catarrhalis strains (81% beta-lactamase-positive) the bay 12-8039 mic90 was 0.06 microgram/ml, a potency equal to ofloxac ...	1998	9791757
[in vitro activity of trovafloxacin in 238 respiratory pathogens].	the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 238 clinical isolates obtained from respiratory specimens were compared with ciprofloxacin. fifty-four haemophilus influenzae, 58 streptococcus pneumoniae, 40 moraxella catarrhalis, 21 streptococcus pyogenes, 25 klebsiella pneumoniae and 40 staphylococcus aureus (21 methicillin resistant and 19 methicillin susceptible) were studied. the mic was determined following nccls recommendations. ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin mic90 was 0.016 mg/l and 0.016 ...	1998	9795289
tuberculosis of bones and joints: diagnostic approaches.	mycobacterial and routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures were made prospectively from 22 patients with bone and/or joint tuberculosis. mycobacteria were found on direct smear in 6 patients (27.3%), on culture in 14 (63.6%) and on histological section in 5 (22.7%). in one patient routine culture at operation revealed growth of nocardia asteroides and moraxella catarrhalis in addition to a positive culture of mycobacteria. routine sinus culture showed growth of staphylococcus epidermis in 3 out of ...	1998	9795812
activities of new fluoroquinolones against fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogens of the lower respiratory tract.	the activities of six new fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, and levofloxacin) compared with those of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin with or without reserpine (20 microg/ml) were determined for 19 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 5 haemophilus sp. isolates, and 10 pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin from patients with clinically confirmed lower respiratory tract infections. based upon the mics at ...	1998	9797232
activity of hmr 3647 compared to those of five agents against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis by mic determination and time-kill assay.	the microdilution mics of hmr 3647, erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and pristinamycin against 50/90% of 249 haemophilus influenzae and 50 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 8/16, 0.25/0.25; 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 16/16, 0.25/0.25; 32/>32, 1/2; and 2/4, 0.5/0.5 microg/ml. azithromycin was bactericidal against all 10 h. influenzae and 3 of 5 m. catarrhalis isolates and hmr 3647, erythromycin a, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and pristinamycin were bacterios ...	1998	9797250