Publications

isolation, sequence analysis, and transcriptional studies of the flavodoxin gene from anacystis nidulans r2.	the nonheme, iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin is the terminal constituent of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. under conditions of iron stress, many cyanobacteria and eucaryotic algae replace ferredoxin with the flavoprotein flavodoxin. the gene for flavodoxin was cloned from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 by using three mixed oligonucleotide probes derived from the partial synechococcus sp. strain pcc 6301 amino acid sequence. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 513-base- ...	1988	3121586
changes in sulfate transport characteristics and protein composition of anacystis nidulans r2 during sulfur deprivation.	sulfur-starved cells of anacystis nidulans have an increased capacity to take up sulfate. the apparent vmax for sulfate uptake increased at least 10-fold after 24 h of sulfur deprivation, whereas the k1/2 remained unchanged at approximately 1.35 microm. the initial rate of sulfate uptake increased between 2 and 6 h after transfer of the cells to sulfur-free medium, in concert with elevated levels of three cytoplasmic membrane polypeptides with molecular masses of 43, 42, and 36 kilodaltons (kda) ...	1988	3123460
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the aroa gene of bordetella pertussis.	the aroa locus of bordetella pertussis, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase, has been cloned into escherichia coli by using a cosmid vector. the gene is expressed in e. coli and complemented an e. coli aroa mutant. the nucleotide sequence of the b. pertussis aroa gene was determined and contains an open reading frame encoding 442 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase of 46,688. the amino acid sequence derived from the nuc ...	1988	2897356
position-dependent and -independent mechanisms regulate cell-specific expression of the spoc1 gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.	many genes that are expressed specifically in the differentiating asexual spores (conidia) of aspergillus nidulans are organized into clusters. we investigated the effects of altered chromosomal position on expression of a gene from the conidiation-specific spoc1 gene cluster. the gene became deregulated when integrated at nonhomologous chromosomal sites, in that transcript levels were elevated in vegetative cells (hyphae) and variably altered in conidia. we also investigated the effects on expr ...	1987	3550422
evaluation of commercial serologic test reagents for immunoidentification of medically important aspergilli.	we evaluated commercial serodiagnostic test reagents from greer laboratories (gl), lenoir, nc; immuno-mycologics, inc. (imi), norman, ok; and scott laboratories (sl), fiskville, ri; for their ability to detect aspergillus spp. exoantigens and group them in their proper series. we detected 87 culture extracts from coded cultures of aspergillus groups and heterologous fungi against anti-a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. terreus sera in the presence of their corresponding antig ...	1987	3126020
a versatile transformation system for the cellulolytic filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei.	an efficient transformation system for the cellulolytic filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei has been developed. transformation was obtained with plasmid carrying the dominant selectable marker amds or the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans, which was found to complement the respective argb mutation of t. reesei. the transformation frequency can be up to 600 transformants per microgram of transforming dna. the efficiency of co-transformation with unselected dna was high (approx. 80%). the transf ...	1987	3127274
saprophytic fungi isolated from animal and bird pens in egypt.	forty-four samples collected from animal and bird pens were screened for their content of saprophytic fungi by using the dilution plate method. 76 species in addition to one variety of aspergillus flavus belonging to 33 genera were recovered on three types of media: 20 genera and 49 species on littman-oxgall agar, 19 genera and 41 species on cellulose- and 19 genera and 43 species on glucose-czapek's agar. the most frequent genera were aspergillus (21 species), scopulariopsis (4 species) and pen ...	1987	3130473
transformation of penicillium chrysogenum using the aspergillus nidulans amds gene as a dominant selective marker.	the aspergillus nidulans acetamidase gene (amds) has been used to transform penicillium chrysogenum at low frequency. several transformants were tested and shown to be mitotically stable. southern blot analysis indicated that transforming dna had integrated into the chromosomal dna, possibly at multiple sites.	1987	3131026
chemical and physical agents assayed in tests for mitotic intergenic and intragenic recombination in aspergillus nidulans diploid strains.	data from aspergillus nidulans mitotic recombination assays published over the period 1960-1986 are briefly reviewed. the results of the testing of 104 chemical agents and three physical agents are summarized. a tentative comparison of the performance of recombinational, mutational and aneuploidy assays in a. nidulans suggests that the former can effectively detect dna-damaging agents which either induce true genetic recombination (intergenic or intragenic crossing-over) or mimic it by inducing ...	1987	3328037
cloning, mapping and molecular analysis of the pyrg (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) gene of aspergillus nidulans.	we have modified the transformation procedures of ballance et al. [biochem. biophys. res. commun. 112 (1983) 284-289] to give increased rates of transformation in aspergillus nidulans. with the modified procedures we have been able to complement pyrg89, a mutation in the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene of a. nidulans, by transformation with a library of wild-type (wt) sequences in pbr329. we have recovered, by marker rescue from one such transformant, a plasmid (pjr15) that carries an ...	1987	3328733
induction and isolation of mutants in fungi at low mutagen doses.	since the yield of mutants per surviving cell increases in general with increasing dose of mutagen, it has often been concluded in the literature that it is the most efficient to apply high mutagen doses so that most spores are killed. as high doses of mutagen produce chromosome rearrangements and unnoticed mutations which disturb the genetic background, the relationship between mutant frequency and survival was analyzed with aspergillus nidulans as a model. it is shown that for different types ...	1987	3329055
microheterogeneity in aspergillus nidulans 5s rrna genes.	we have determined the sequence of 4 aspergillus nidulans 5s rrna genes and compared it with 4 previously established sequences. no extensive homologies are found in 5' flanking sequences, but in the 3' flanks of two genes and two pseudogenes similar sequences are observed. in the coding sequences differences occur in 7 positions. two 5s rrna genes which are found in one plasmid 1.1 kb apart are located in opposite orientations.	1987	3329974
suppressors suac109 and suaa101 of aspergillus nidulans alter the ribosomal phenotype in vitro.	a new homologous, cell-free system for protein synthesis has been devised for use with ribosomes and elongation factors from aspergillus nidulans. ribosome preparations from strains with either the suaa101 or suac109 mutations have a higher misreading ratio (non-cognate:cognate amino acid incorporation) in the presence of hygromycin than controls. they can be classed as fidelity mutants. these results also prove that the mutations must be in genes coding for ribosomal proteins or enzymes which m ...	1987	3331121
cloning and molecular analysis of the ornithine carbamoyl transferase gene of aspergillus niger.	we have cloned the gene encoding ornithine carbamoyl transferase (octase) from aspergillus niger. the structure and complete nucleotide sequence of this gene have been determined. the gene encodes an mrna of 1.3 kb. the transcription unit contains an open reading frame of 1110 nucleotides (nt) which shows strong homology to the octase of aspergillus nidulans along most of its length. the n terminus, which shows little or no homology to other octases, is highly basic and is probably involved in m ...	1987	3443301
detection of point-mutation mutagens in aspergillus nidulans: comparison of methionine suppressors and arginine resistance induction by fungicides.	in the present study we describe the effect of 4 fungicides on the induction of point mutations in strains bia1 methg1 (induction of methionine suppressors) and 118 (induction of arginine resistance) of aspergillus nidulans. captan, which was used as a known mutagen, daconil 2787 and dithane m-45 were effective in inducing these mutations, whereas the fungicide cercobin caused no significant increase in the induction frequency of the point mutations selected. actually, a decrease in the frequenc ...	1987	3540650
synthesis and biocidal activity of zn(ii) complexes of some 2,2'-substituted diphenylamines.	binary as well as ternary complexes of zn(ii) with diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (dpdc), diphenylamine-2-amino-2'-carboxylic acid (dpac), diphenylamine-2-hydroxy-2'-carboxylic acid (dphc), diphenylamine-2-mercapto-2'-carboxylic acid (dpmc), and n-(2-pyridino) anthranilic acid (npa) have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis, ir spectral data, and molar conductance measurements. antimicrobial activity of these ligands and their respective zn(ii) complexes have been ...	1987	3553430
mms sensitivity of all amino acid-requiring mutants in aspergillus and its suppression by mutations in a single gene.	all available amino acid-requiring mutants of aspergillus nidulans were found to be hypersensitive to mms (methyl methanesulfonate) to various degrees. on mms media, secondary mutations could be selected which suppress this mms sensitivity but do not affect the requirement. many such mutations were analyzed and found to be alleles of one gene, smsa (= suppressor of mms sensitivity), which mapped distal on the right arm of chromosome v. this gene is more likely to be involved in general regulatio ...	1987	3556318
biosynthesis of thiamin. different biosynthetic routes of the thiazole moiety of thiamin in aerobic organisms and anaerobic organisms.	the nitrogen atom of glycine was incorporated into the thiazole moiety of thiamin in the aerobic microorganisms bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas putida, saccharomyces cerevisiae, mucor racemosus, neurospora crassa, and emericella nidulans. it was not incorporated in the case of the facultative anaerobic microorganisms escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes, which, however, did incorporate the nitrogen atom of tyrosine. these results show that aerobic microorganisms and facultative anaerobic m ...	1987	3566774
use of alpha- and beta-tubulin mutants for the study of spontaneous and induced chromosomal mis-distribution in aspergillus nidulans.	the effect of two different mutations, one involving an alpha-tubulin (tuba) and the other a beta-tubulin (bena33) gene, on somatic segregation has been investigated in diploid strains of a. nidulans. both mutations, particularly bena33, increase the level of spontaneous chromosomal mis-distribution (cmd) phenomena, without affecting the frequency of crossing-over. the employment of homozygous strains for each of the two mutations in sensitivity tests toward various chemicals, allowed the clear ...	1987	3574324
the nature of l8 and l8s8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chromatium vinosum.	l8 and l8s8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) have been prepared from chromatium vinosum by the extremely mild method of centrifugal fractionation. only the l8s8 form is detectable in crude extracts of this organism. both forms show immunological identify in double diffusion studies using antibody to l subunits of the l8s8 form. l subunits from both l8 and l8s8 enzymes are identical by the criteria of peptides observed after limited proteolysis and n-terminal sequenc ...	1987	3579306
fixing on an enigma.		1987	3153172
development of a homologous transformation system for aspergillus niger based on the pyrg gene.	the development of a homologous transformation system for aspergillus niger is described. the system is based on the use of an orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase deficient mutant (pyrg) and a vector, pab4-1, which contains the functional a. niger pyrg gene as a selection marker. transformation of the a. niger pyrg mutant with pab4-1 resulted in the appearance of stable pyr+ transformants at a frequency of 40 transformants per microgram of dna. in 90% of these transformants integration had occu ...	1987	3472035
differential riboflavin deposition in white and variegated white mutants of drosophila hydei.	riboflavin deposition in organs of drosophila hydei was studied by means of a growth test using a riboflavin-deficient strain of the fungus aspergillus nidulans. in wild-type animals, riboflavin is deposited in malpighian tubules (mt) and testes but not in adult eyes. certain white (w) mutants do not contain riboflavin, whereas intermediately colored w mutants contain minor amounts of the substance. riboflavin-containing mt cells contain special globules that can be fixed and stained with the re ...	1987	3502968
regulation of the mrna levels of nima, a gene required for the g2-m transition in aspergillus nidulans.	the temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutation nima5 causes nuclei of aspergillus nidulans to be blocked in late g2 at restrictive temperature. under these conditions the spindle pole body divides but does not separate and the mitotic index drops to zero. if nima5 is blocked for more than one doubling time and then shifted from restrictive to permissive temperature, nuclei immediately enter mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms, and the chromosomes condense (oakley, b. r., and n. r. morris, 1983, j. ...	1987	3294854
comparison of the cis-acting control regions of two coordinately controlled genes involved in ethanol utilization in aspergillus nidulans.	the alca and alda genes of aspergillus nidulans are regulated in exactly the same manner, being subject to positive control by the product of the alcr gene. we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the alca gene and its 5' non-coding region, preliminary localization of the region involved in the regulation of alca expression, and a detailed comparison of this region to the 5' non-coding region of alda (pickett et al., 1987). the 5' flanking regions of the genes contain six similar sequence ...	1987	3297923
conditionally lethal tuba alpha-tubulin mutations in aspergillus nidulans.	we have mapped 17 extragenic suppressors of bena33, a heat-sensitive beta-tubulin mutation of aspergillus nidulans, to the tuba alpha tubulin locus. fifteen of these tuba mutations cause cold sensitivity in a genetic background with bena33 and appear to cause lethality in a background with the wild-type bena allele. we examined the microtubule-mediated processes, nuclear division and nuclear migration, in seven different cold-sensitive double mutants, each carrying bena33 and a different cold-se ...	1987	3302605
proteolysis by toxigenic aspergillus nidulans from nigerian palm produce.	the submerged cultures of aspergillus nidulans had optimal growth and protease production at 37 degrees c and within 6 days of incubation. a rapid drop in ph of the growth medium from 6.9 to 4.8 and a subsequent gradual rise was recorded with the period of incubation. the acid-protease produced was purified by a combination of ethanolic precipitation, ultrafiltration and fractionation on deae-cellulose and sephadex g-200. a single peak showing protease activity was subsequently obtained with a 1 ...	1987	3302717
antisuppressor mutations in aspergillus nidulans: cold-resistant revertants of suppressor suac109.		1987	3305170
chemical and biological characterization of hazardous industrial waste. ii. eukaryotic bioassay of a wood-preserving bottom sediment.	the eukaryotic haploid and diploid forms of aspergillus nidulans were used to detect gene mutations and various types of chromosome damage, respectively, in the acid, base and neutral fractions of a wood-preserving bottom sediment. the corresponding response to prokaryotic mutagenicity assays and major chemical constituents of the 3 waste fractions were described by donnelly et al. (1987). the haploid methionine system detected genotoxic compounds in all 3 primary waste fractions without metabol ...	1987	3306353
an endogenous inducer of sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	during development of the homothallic ascomycete aspergillus nidulans, asexual sporulation is followed by sexual sporulation. we report here the detection of a solvent-extractable activity which inhibits asexual sporulation and stimulates premature sexual sporulation. this activity, called precocious sexual inducer (psi), is overproduced by certain mutants that are blocked in both modes of sporulation. using partially purified preparations of psi, biological response could be elicited with as li ...	1987	3309182
demonstration of an altered phenylalanyl-trna synthetase in an analogue-resistant mutant of aspergillus nidulans.	we have isolated and characterized a new class of p-fluorophenylalanine (fpa)-resistant mutant in aspergillus nidulans using a phena strain as the wild type, by optimizing the conditions of growth. all four spontaneous mutants selected on a medium containing fpa were found to be recessive to their wild-type alleles in heterozygous diploids. complementation analyses and linkage data showed that they were allelic and mapped at a single locus (fpau) in the faca-ribod interval on the right arm of li ...	1987	3312953
cotransformation of aspergillus nidulans: a tool for replacing fungal genes.	when a non-selected dna sequence was added during the transformation of amds320 deletion strains of aspergillus nidulans with a vector containing the wild-type amds gene the amds+ transformants were cotransformed at a high frequency. cotransformation of an amds320, trpc801 double mutant strain showed that both the molar ratio of the two vectors and the concentration of the cotransforming vector affected the cotransformation frequency. the maximum frequency obtained was defined by the gene chosen ...	1987	3312958
isolation and characterization of the positively acting regulatory gene quta from aspergillus nidulans.	the positively acting regulator gene quta from aspergillus nidulans has been identified and located within a cluster of quinic acid utilisation (qut) genes isolated within a recombinant phage lambda (lambda q1). the dna sequence of the quta gene reveals a single uninterrupted reading frame coding for a protein of mw 90.416 kd. the quta protein sequence has a protein motif in the form of a putative "dna finger" that shows strong homology to other such motifs in the gal4, ppr1, argrii, lac9 and qa ...	1987	3313276
13c-nmr analysis of aspergillus mutants disturbed in pyruvate metabolism.	the metabolic consequences of two defects in pyruvate metabolism of the hyphal fungus aspergillus nidulans have been investigated by natural abundance 13c-nmr spectroscopy. a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdh) mutant, grown on acetate, accumulates alanine upon starvation which is derived from mannitol reserves. the l-alanine level increases further upon incubation with the non-permissive substrate d-glucose. l-glutamate is absent from these spectra as it is required both for the transamination ...	1987	3315006
[modern electron microscopy at cellular and macromolecular levels. strategies for preparation, imaging and image interpretation].	conventional electron microscopy has significantly contributed to the understanding of structure-function relationships in living systems on cellular and macromolecular levels. new approaches and strategies will provide further insight into the organization of life. these new developments include cryopreparation and imaging techniques, x-ray microanalysis on frozen samples, electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron spectroscopic imaging, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, preparation an ...	1987	3317069
cloning and characterization of the isopenicillin n synthetase gene mediating the formation of the beta-lactam ring in aspergillus nidulans.	genomic clones containing an aspergillus nidulans isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) gene have been identified by heterologous hybridization with a cephalosporium acremonium dna probe. the open reading frame encodes a 331 amino acid polypeptide with extensive homology with the genes of other beta-lactam-producing fungi. the gene product has been overexpressed in escherichia coli and shown to have activity of ipns. this represents the first evidence at the molecular level that the biosynthesis of ...	1987	3319778
the unique histone h2a gene of aspergillus nidulans contains three introns.	the histone h2a gene of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has been cloned and sequenced. there is a single h2a gene in the genome of a. nidulans, and it contains three introns. the introns are 51 nucleotides (nt), 56 nt and 50 nt in length and split codons for amino acids (aa) 18, 48 and 116 of the predicted protein. the transcriptional start and termination points have been determined using an s1 nuclease protection assay. the predicted protein is 132 aa residues in length and surpris ...	1987	3319784
transformation of aspergillus nidulans with the hygromycin-resistance gene, hph.	aspergillus nidulans strain g191 was transformed to hygromycin resistance using plasmid pdh25, which contains the bacterial hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to promoter elements of the a. nidulans trpc gene. southern hybridizations of transformants revealed multiple, integrated copies of the vector. a pleiotropic effect conferring increased hygromycin b sensitivity was found to be associated with the a. nidulans pyrg89 allele. plasmid pdh25 features a clai site immediately preced ...	1987	3322945
emericella nidulans in a maxillary sinus fungal mass.	sexual reproductive stages of fungi are very rarely found within mammalian tissues. we report here coexistence of cleistothecia associated with emericella nidulans and its conidial state, aspergillus nidulans, in a fungal mass which developed in a maxillary sinus.	1987	3323452
monoclonal antibody probes for the niad specified subunit in the nadph-nitrate reductase from aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans, the nitrate assimilatory pathway is regulated by a variety of agents, one being the autogenous enzyme nitrate reductase. a major subunit of the enzyme which is specified by the niad structural gene and is implicated in autogenous control exhibits both nitrate inducible diaphorase activity and ammonium repression. the former was used to test the extent to which alterations in the niad specified protomer might affect its formation in selected niad point and deletion mutant ...	1987	3323853
on the mechanism of mitotic segregation induction in aspergillus nidulans by benzene hydroxy metabolites.	the principal hydroxy-metabolites of benzene--hydroquinone, catechol and phenol--were assayed in tests for mitotic segregation induction in aspergillus nidulans diploid strain 19. hydroquinone was the most effective chemical, increasing the frequency of mitotic segregants up to 10-fold at 1-3 mm. catechol was similarly active at 10-20 mm and phenol was weakly positive at 15 mm. genetic characterization of induced abnormal segregating colonies by replating and complementary assays with haploid st ...	1987	3325750
transformation of aspergillus nidulans by the argb gene.	aspergillus nidulans argb mutant was transformed with the plasmid dna containing the argb gene. analysis of transformants revealed that transformation was due to integration of either argb gene alone or the whole plasmid dna into the a. nidulans genome. in 5 out of 23 transformants studied, integration took place in the locus different than the original argb locus. the amplification of integrated sequences was often observed. integrated dna was found to be mitotically stable, while the meiotic s ...	1987	2442970
the mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast, schizosaccharomyces pombe. sequence of the large-subunit ribosomal rna gene, comparison of potential secondary structure in fungal mitochondrial large-subunit rrnas and evolutionary considerations.	the dna sequence of the mitochondrial large subunit (lsu) rrna gene of schizosaccharomyces pombe has been determined. in the direction of transcription, this gene is located between the gene coding for subunit ii of cytochrome oxidase and a cluster of three trna genes. both the 5' and 3' ends of the lsu rrna have been mapped precisely: whereas the 5' end can be assigned unambiguously to a single nucleotide position, multiple 3' ends occur within a run of eight u residues. based on these results, ...	1987	2446871
heat shock phenomena in aspergillus nidulans. ii. combined effect of heat and bleomycin to heat shock protein synthesis, survival rate and induction of mutations.	the combined action of hyperthermia and bleomycin on aspergillus nidulans was studied at three different levels: mycelial protein synthesis, spore viability and induction of mutations. it was found that bleomycin treatment of preincubated mycelia during the heat shock enhances the incorporation of 35s-methionine into heat shock bands. furthermore, simultaneous treatment with hyperthermia (43 degrees c) and bleomycin results in greater cytotoxic activity in spores and in a higher induction rate o ...	1987	2452026
site-directed mutagenesis of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from anacystis nidulans.	using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the gene encoding the small subunit (rbcs) from anacystis nidulans mutant enzymes have been generated with either trp-54 of the small subunit replaced by a phe residue, or with trp-57 replaced by a phe residue, whereas both trp-54 and trp-57 have been replaced by phe residues in a double mutant. trp-54 and trp-57 are conserved in all amino acid sequences or the small subunit (s) that are known at present. the wild-type and mutant forms of rubisco hav ...	1987	3030746
cloning and characterization of the alda gene of aspergillus nidulans.	we have cloned and sequenced the alda (encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase) gene of aspergillus nidulans. the gene contains two introns which are similar in size and structure to other fungal introns. the amino acid sequence of aldehyde dehydrogenase (497 residues) shows a significant level of homology with analogous sequences in other organisms. comparison of the primary structure of the active sites of the mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes shows that the aspergillus enzyme closely rese ...	1987	3036652
phycocyanin alpha-subunit gene of anacystis nidulans r2: cloning, nucleotide sequencing and expression in escherichia coli.	the cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the anacystis nidulans r2 phycocyanin (pc) alpha-subunit gene are described. a 3.0-kb psti fragment of anacystis nidulans r2 genomic dna cloned in plasmid puc8 was found to hybridize with a heptadecameric oligodeoxynucleotide probe. sequencing using synthetic primers revealed the presence of the pc alpha-subunit gene and the 3' proximal end of the beta-subunit gene. the alpha-gene is separated from the upstream beta-gene by a spacer length of ...	1987	3036657
the nucleotide sequence of the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans and the molecular characterization of 5' mutations.	the structure of the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans has been determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. the coding sequence is interrupted by three small introns with splicing signals consistent with other fungal genes. possible tata and caat elements are found upstream of the start point of transcription. sequence changes in mutations in the 5' region of the gene have been determined. two deletions including the start point of transcription abolish detectable transcripts. a series of mutati ...	1987	3036667
nucleotide sequence of the arg3 gene of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding ornithine carbamoyltransferase. comparison with other carbamoyltransferases.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the arg3 structural gene encoding the monomer of the trimeric ornithine carbamoyltransferase (otcase) (ec 2.1.3.3) has been determined. it consists of 338 codons with a corresponding molecular mass of 37842 da. comparing otcases from escherichia coli, yeast, aspergillus, rat and man emphasizes peculiarities of the yeast enzyme but also brings to light an important degree of conservation between these proteins. comparing the various otcases with e. coli asparta ...	1987	3038540
cloning of the ribob locus of aspergillus nidulans.	we have complemented the ribob2 mutation of aspergillus nidulans by transformation with a plasmid library of wild-type (wt) sequences. we have isolated, by marker rescue from a ribob+ transformant, a plasmid that complements ribob2 efficiently. from this plasmid we have subcloned an a. nidulans sequence that complements ribob2 efficiently and that integrates by homologous recombination at a site closely linked to the ribob locus. we conclude that this sequence contains the wt ribob+ allele.	1987	3038695
selectable genes for transformation of the fungal plant pathogen glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli (colletotrichum lindemuthianum).	glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli (gcp) was transformed using either of two selectable markers: the amds + gene of aspergillus nidulans, which encodes acetamidase and permits growth on acetamide as the sole nitrogen source and the hygbr gene of escherichia coli which encodes hygromycin b (hy) phosphotransferase and permits growth in the presence of the antibiotic hy. the amds+ gene functioned in gcp under control of a. nidulans regulatory signals and hygbr was expressed after fusion to a prom ...	1987	3038698
functional organization of the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter.	we investigated the functional organization of the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter by the sequential removal of sequences upstream of the major trpc mrna cap site (+1). dna fragments containing promoter mutations were fused to the escherichia coli lacz gene, and a novel method was used to select for integration of the fusion gene at the aspergillus argb locus. beta-galactosidase assays and s1 nuclease protection experiments demonstrated that the promoter mutations affected gene expression in ...	1987	3039345
fungal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins share properties with plant and vertebrate u-snrnps.	snrnas with properties closely related to those of the major vertebrate u-snrnas are present in the fungi aspergillus nidulans, neurospora crassa and schizosaccharomyces pombe. these rnas possess a tri-methyl guanosine cap structure and a subset cross-hybridizes with human u1 and u2 clones. in the form of snrnps, snrnas from these fungi as well as from saccharomyces cerevisiae and pea plants are immunoprecipitated by human and anti-sm or anti-(u1)rnp autoimmune antibodies. on micro-injection int ...	1987	2953599
complementation of area- regulatory gene mutations of aspergillus nidulans by the heterologous regulatory gene nit-2 of neurospora crassa.	loss-of-function mutations in the regulatory gene area of aspergillus nidulans prevent the utilization of a wide variety of nitrogen sources. the phenotypes of nit-2 mutants of neurospora crassa suggest that this gene may be analogous to the area gene. transformation has been used to introduce a plasmid containing the nit-2 gene into a. nidulans. the nit-2 gene of neurospora complemented mutations in the area gene, restoring the ability to use a variety of nitrogen sources. this indicated that t ...	1987	2954160
high level of complexity of small nuclear rnas in fungi and plants.	the complexity of the trimethylguanosine-capped, small nuclear rna (snrna) populations in a number of organisms has been examined using immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gels. from the fungi aspergillus nidulans and schizosaccharomyces pombe, over 30 major snrnas can be resolved. the most abundant of these correspond to the putative analogues of vertebrate u1, u2, u4 and u5, which have been reported to be precipitated by anti-sm antibodies, but other snrnas are little less abundant than th ...	1987	2958638
aspergillus nidulans beta-tubulin genes are unusually divergent.	aspergillus nidulans has two beta-tubulin genes: bena, which is involved in both vegetative growth and asexual sporulation, and tubc, which is involved mainly in asexual sporulation. both genes have now been cloned and sequenced. bena encodes a polypeptide of 447 amino acids (aa) and tubc encodes one of 449 aa. the two polypeptides differ by 78 aa residues but the net charge for the two proteins remains the same. the divergence between the amino acid sequences of the aspergillus beta-tubulins is ...	1987	2959591
nitrate starvation induces homeoviscous regulation of lipids in the cell envelope of the blue-green alga, anacystis nidulans.	replacement of the normal culture liquid to a nitrate-free medium resulted in an immediate drop in the ratio of protein to lipid in isolated cell envelopes of anacystis nidulans cells. the relative fluidity of the envelope membranes or liposomes, made from the extracted lipids of the envelope, was estimated by measuring the steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. a thermotrophic phase transition of lipids within the cytoplasmic membrane of intact cells was also r ...	1987	3109903
uptake and expression of bacterial and cyanobacterial genes by isolated cucumber etioplasts.	the uptake and expression by plastids isolated from dark-grown cucumber cotyledons (etioplasts) of two puc derivatives, pcs75 and puc9-cm, respectively carrying genes for the large small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of anacystis nidulans or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, is reported. untreated etioplasts take up only 3% as much dna as that taken up by edta-washed etioplasts after 2 hr of incubation with nick-translated [32p]-pcs75. the presence or absence of light ...	1987	3114748
nucleotide sequence of the gene from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 encoding the mn-stabilizing protein involved in photosystem ii water oxidation.	the gene for the mn-stabilizing protein (msp; the so-called extrinsic 33-kda protein) that is involved in photosystem ii water oxidation was cloned and sequenced from the genome of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2. the gene (here designated woxa) was shown to be present in a single copy. the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the translation product consisted of 277 amino acid residues with a mr of 29,306. the comparison of the sequence with that of mature msp from spinach chloro ...	1987	3120187
the role of the n-terminus of the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase investigated by construction and expression of chimaeric genes.	the genes for the large and small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from anacystis nidulans have been expressed in escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter to produce active enzyme. the enzyme can be purified from the cells to yield up to 200 mg rubisco/l cultured bacteria, and is indistinguishable from the enzyme extracted from a. nidulans. in order to investigate the role of the n-terminus of the large subunit in catalysis, chimaeric genes were con ...	1987	3121325
the complex arom locus of aspergillus nidulans. evidence for multiple gene fusions and convergent evolution.	the physical positions of the dna sequences encoding the five consecutive enzyme activities required to metabolise 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid-7-phosphate to 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3phosphate, which are encoded by the a. nidulans arom polypeptide have been determined. subfragments of the arom locus encoding epsp synthase and 3-dehydroquinase have been expressed in appropriate e. coli aro mutants. the dna sequence of the a. nidulans arom locus has been shown to have homology with the cor ...	1987	2836080
transformation of aspergillus niger using the homologous orotidine-5'-phosphate-decarboxylase gene.	a homologous transformation system for the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger has been developed, based on the orotidine-5'-phosphate-decarboxylase gene. a. niger pyr- mutants have been selected from 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistant mutants. these mutants were found to comprise two complementation groups, pyra and pyrb. the a. niger omp-decarboxylase gene was isolated from a gene library by heterologous hybridization with the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene. the cloned gene is capable to transform a ...	1987	2836081
the involvement of glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase in ammonia assimilation by aspergillus nidulans.	wild-type aspergillus nidulans grew equally well on nh4cl, kno3 or glutamine as the only nitrogen source. nadp+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.4) and glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) activities varied with the type and concentration of nitrogen source supplied. glutamate synthase (gogat) activity (ec 1.4.7.1) was detected but it was almost unaffected by the type and concentration of nitrogen source supplied. ion exchange chromatography showed that the gogat activity was due to ...	1987	2888838
regulation of alcr, the positive regulatory gene of the ethanol utilization regulon of aspergillus nidulans.	the alcr positive control gene is necessary for the expression of both alca (coding for alcohol dehydrogenase adh i), and alda (coding for aldehyde dehydrogenase, alddh) in aspergillus nidulans. using a cloned alcr probe and northern blots analysis we show that: (1) alcr itself is inducible; (2) alcr inducibility depends on the expression of the alcr gene itself; and (3) alcr is subject to carbon catabolite repression and its expression is controlled by the negatively acting crea wide specificit ...	1987	2834622
multiple copies of the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans cause titration of trans-acting regulatory proteins.	it has been established that a plasmid containing the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans may be used to transform amds+ strains by selecting for increased utilization of acetamide as sole nitrogen source. analysis of transformants has shown that multiple tandem copies of the plasmid can be integrated into the chromosome, commonly at sites other than the amds locus. while the transformed phenotype was relatively stable through mitotic and meiotic divisions evidence was found for variation in plasm ...	1987	2835171
identification and isolation of a putative permease gene in the quinic acid utilization (qut) gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.	mutations in the qutd gene of aspergillus nidulans cause the loss of ability to grow upon quinic acid as sole carbon source in media at normal ph 6.5 and failure to induce three enzyme activities specifically required for metabolism to protochatechuic acid. all 9 qutd mutants recovered are recessive and have been found to be ph sensitive, growing strongly on quinic acid media at ph 3.5 and producing significant induced enzyme activities. these properties are consistent with the hypothesis that t ...	1987	2835177
instability of tn5 inserts in cyanobacterial cloning vectors.	transposon tn5 was used to produce random insertions in two hybrid cloning vectors for the unicellular cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans. the transposon-containing plasmids were used to localize essential replication functions and to characterize the stability of large inserts in these vectors. the effect of the insertions on plasmid function was tested by transformation into a derivative of a. nidulans that had been cured of the endogenous plasmid used to construct the vectors. a region of appr ...	1987	2820923
isolation and physical characterization of three essential conidiation genes from aspergillus nidulans.	we cloned and characterized three genes from aspergillus nidulans, designated brla, abaa, and weta, whose activities are required to complete different stages of conidiophore development. inactivation of these genes causes major abnormalities in conidiophore morphology and prevents expression of many unrelated, developmentally regulated genes, without affecting the expression of nonregulated genes. the three genes code for poly(a)+ rnas that begin to accumulate at different times during conidiat ...	1987	2823119
transformation of aspergillus based on the hygromycin b resistance marker from escherichia coli.	a new, heterologous, dominant marker for selection of aspergillus transformants is described. this marker is based on the escherichia coli hygromycin b (hmb) phosphotransferase gene (hph). expression of the hph gene is controlled by a. nidulans gpd and trpc expression signals. an aspergillus transformation vector was constructed which contains this marker and confers hmb resistance to aspergillus species. with both a. niger and a. nidulans, transformation frequencies of 5-20 transformants per mi ...	1987	2824287
sequence and centromere proximal location of a transformation enhancing fragment ans1 from aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans sequence ans1, previously known to enhance transformation frequencies of pyr4-based vectors, was shown to enhance the efficiency of argb and trpc-based vectors. increased efficiencies could be obtained by constructing vectors containing argb and ans1 or by cotransforming selectable plasmids (containing argb, trpc, or pyr4) with the non-selectable ans1 sequence. the preponderance of evidence suggests that the mechanism of ans1 activity does not involve homologous recombin ...	1987	2825130
the pentafunctional arom enzyme of saccharomyces cerevisiae is a mosaic of monofunctional domains.	the nucleotide sequence of the saccharomyces cerevisiae aro1 gene which encodes the arom multifunctional enzyme has been determined. the protein sequence deduced for the pentafunctional arom polypeptide is 1588 amino acids in length and has a calculated mr of 174555. functional regions within the polypeptide chain have been identified by comparison with the sequences of the five monofunctional escherichia coli enzymes whose activities correspond with those of the arom multifunctional enzyme. the ...	1987	2825635
the susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition and the capacity of recovery in high and low light grown cyanobacteria, anacystis nidulans.	the susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition and the rate of its recovery were studied in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans grown at a low (10 micromoles per square meter per second) and a high (120 micromoles per square meter per second) photosynthetically active radiation. the rate of light limited photosynthetic o(2) evolution was measured to determine levels of photoinhibition and rates of recovery. studies of photoinhibition and recovery with and without the translation inhib ...	1987	16665264
genetic transformation of the fungal pathogen responsible for rice blast disease.	the analysis of complex genetic determinants that control the ability of a fungus to colonize its host has been impaired by the lack of sophisticated genetic tools for characterizing important pathogens. we have developed a system for the genetic transformation of magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast disease, to overcome this limitation. a m. grisea arginine auxotroph was shown to contain a mutation (arg3-12) that abolishes ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity. m. grisea strains ...	1987	16593854
biosynthesis of a 42-kd polypeptide in the cytoplasmic membrane of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans strain r2 during adaptation to low co(2) concentration.	when cells of anacystis nidulans strain r2 grown under high co(2) conditions (3%) were transferred to low co(2) conditions (0.05%), their ability to accumulate inorganic carbon (c(i)) increased up to 8 times. cytoplasmic membranes (plasmalemma) isolated at various stages of low co(2) adaptation were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. there was a marked increase of a 42-kilodalton polypeptide in the cytoplasmic membrane during adaptation; a linear relationship ...	1986	16664655
variation in the polypeptide composition of phycobilisomes from anacystis nidulans and three pigment mutants.	phycobilisomes, light harvesting antenna pigment systems, were studied from anacystis nidulans wild type and from several spontaneous pigment mutants selected for improved growth in far-red light (>650 nm). this is the first characterization and description of polypeptide composition of phycobilisomes from spontaneous mutants (not chemically induced) of a. nidulans. the mutants had significant changes in the phycobiliprotein content relative to chlorophyll (chl). two phycobiliproteins, c-phycocy ...	1986	24443211
isolation and identification of the aspergillus nidulans gdha gene encoding nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase.	the neurospora crassa am gene was used as a heterologous probe to identify clones from two independently constructed aspergillus nidulans gene libraries. these clones have a common hindiii 1.85 kb fragment. this a. nidulans nucleotide stretch hybridises to a n. crassa 2.7 kb bamhi fragment of wild type dna but not to a co-migrating fragment from the dna of the n. crassa am132 deletion mutant. one a. nidulans clone was shown to complement the n. crasse am132 deletion strain. the n. crassa transfo ...	1986	2834076
5s rrna genes from aspergillus nidulans are not transcribed in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	several different 5s rrna genes from aspergillus nidulans cloned in an escherichia coli--saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector were introduced into s. cerevisiae cells by transformation. the a. nidulans 5s rrna genes were not transcribed in s. cerevisiae.	1986	2436448
the atp synthase subunit 9 gene of aspergillus nidulans: sequence and transcription.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus nidulans nuclear gene olic31, which encodes subunit 9 of mitochondrial atp synthase. the open reading frame contains no introns and specifies a predicted protein of 143 amino acids comprising a pre-sequence of 62 residues and a mature protein of 81 residues. the amino acid homology with the equivalent neurospora crassa protein is 50% for the pre-sequence and 80% for the mature protein. a comparison with this and other imported mitocho ...	1986	2880279
a cloned tryptophan-synthesis gene from the ascomycete cochliobolus heterostrophus functions in escherichia coli, yeast and aspergillus nidulans.	a gene (trp1) in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway of the fungal plant pathogen cochliobolus heterostrophus was isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli trpf mutant which lacked phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (prai) activity. the cloned gene also complemented an e. coli trpc mutant lacking indoleglycerolphosphate synthase (igps) activity, a yeast trp1 mutant missing prai activity and an aspergillus nidulans trpc mutant. it functioned in e. coli and a. nidulans without apparent ...	1986	2941339
genetics of filamentous fungi.		1986	2945991
amino acid transport in eucaryotic microorganisms.		1986	2947629
localization of alkaline phosphatase activity at microbody membranes of neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans.	hyphal cells of neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans, grown in sabouraud glucose broth or in a defined medium with xanthine or its catabolites as the nitrogen source, contained single membrane-bound organelles cytochemically identified as microbodies. modified gomori procedures at the ultrastructural level revealed putative alkaline phosphatase activity sites in thin sections of cells of both species of fungi. microbody membranes displayed electron opaque deposits (lead phosphate) which we ...	1986	2948778
sequence analysis and transformation by the catabolic 3-dehydroquinase (qute) gene from aspergillus nidulans.	the induction of catabolic 3-dehydroquinase by quinic acid in aspergillus nidulans has been shown to involve transcriptional control and yields a single major 0.8 kb mrna. the nucleotide sequence of the catabolic 3-dehydroquinase qute gene has been determined and contains a single uninterrupted open reading frame of 462 bases encoding a 16,505 da protein of 153 residues. comparison with the corresponding qa2 gene of neurospora crassa reveals the absence of 75 nucleotides encoding 25 amino acids ...	1986	2949740
transformation of aspergillus nidulans with a cloned, oligomycin-resistant atp synthase subunit 9 gene.	an allele (olic31) of the a. nidulans olic gene has been cloned using homology with the equivalent gene from n. crassa. olic31 codes for an oligomycin-resistant, triethyltin-hypersensitive form of subunit 9 of the mitochondrial atp synthase complex. direct selection for oligomycin-resistance was possible following transformation of a. nidulans with the olic31 gene. the phenotypes of transformants cultured in the presence of oligomycin were indicative of the position of integration of the transfo ...	1986	3010049
gene cloning in aspergillus nidulans: isolation of the isocitrate lyase gene (acud).	an aspergillus nidulans gene library was constructed in a high-frequency transformation vector, pdjb3, based on the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene. this gene library was used to isolate the structural gene for isocitrate lyase (acud) by complementation of a deficiency mutation following transformation of a. nidulans. plasmids rescued in escherichia coli were able to transform five different a. nidulans acud mutants. transformation using plasmids containing the cloned fragment resulted in integratio ...	1986	3010050
endogenous energy supply to the plasma membrane of dark aerobic cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans: atpase-independent efflux of h+ and na+ from respiring cells.	the ejection of protons from oxygen-pulsed cells and the gradients of na+ concentration (na+o/na+i at 150 mm external nacl) and proton electrochemical potential (delta mu h+) across the plasma membrane of anacystis nidulans were studied in response to dark endogenous energy supply. saturating concentrations of the f0f1-atpase inhibitors dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (f0) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (f1) eliminated oxidative phosphorylation and lowered the atp level from 2.6 +/- 0.15 to ...	1986	3010878
structural genes for phosphatases in aspergillus nidulans.		1986	3011590
phosphatase regulation in aspergillus nidulans: responses to nutritional starvation.		1986	3011591
cloning of the arg-12 gene of neurospora crassa and regulation of its transcript via cross-pathway amino acid control.	the arg-12 locus of neurospora crassa encodes ornithine carbamoyl transferase, which is one of many amino acid synthetic enzymes whose activity is regulated through cross-pathway (or general) amino acid control. we report here the use of probes derived from the functionally equivalent arg-b gene of aspergillus nidulans to identify and clone a 10 kb neurospora dna fragment carrying the arg-12 gene. short neurospora dna probes derived from this fragment were used to identify a 1.5 kb polya+ transc ...	1986	3012277
an immunochemical study of neurospora nucleases.	nucleases derived from neurospora crassa mycelia with neutral single-strand (ss) endodeoxyribonuclease activity have been examined by immunochemical techniques and by sodium dodecyl sulfate - dna gel electrophoresis. all of the intracellular nucleases, which have different divalent metal ion requirements, different strand specificities with single- and double-strand dna, different modes of action on dna and rna, and other distinguishing characteristics, are immunochemically related to neurospora ...	1986	3013242
cloning of the regulatory gene area mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans.	the area gene, which mediates nitrogen metabolite repression in the fungus aspergillus nidulans, lies sufficiently close to a telomere that no indispensable gene can be distal to it. we were able therefore to exploit the existence of a near terminal pericentric inversion to devise a method for cloning area plus the region beyond it towards the telomere. in crosses heterozygous for this inversion a class of duplication-deficient progeny lacking area and the region centromere-distal to it is obtai ...	1986	3013617
regulation of gene expression by ph of the growth medium in aspergillus nidulans.	in the fungus aspergillus nidulans the levels of a number of enzymes whose location is at least in part extracellular (e.g. acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase) and of certain permeases (e.g. that for gamma-amino-n-butyrate) are controlled by the ph of the growth medium. for example, at acidic ph, levels of acid phosphatase are high and those of alkaline phosphatase are low whereas at alkaline ph the reverse is true. mutations in five genes, pala, b, c, e and f, mimic the e ...	1986	3016485
controlled gene expression utilising lambda phage regulatory signals in a cyanobacterium host.	this study presents plasmid systems that utilize regulatory signals of bacteriophage lambda to accomplish regulated expression of cloned genes in an a. nidulans r2 derivative strain. an operator-promoter region and the temperature-sensitive repressor gene ci857 of bacteriophage lambda were employed. linked to a cyanobacterial replicon, the plasmid vectors efficiently transformed anacystis and were stably maintained within this host. the cat structural gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransfe ...	1986	3018433
heterologous insertion of transforming dna and generation of new deletions associated with transformation in aspergillus nidulans.	the analysis of four transformants for the proline catabolism (prn) gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans is reported. using a combination of traditional genetic methodology and southern hybridisation we have shown that in two cases multiple copies of the transforming plasmid have been integrated into linkage groups other than vii, which contains the prn cluster. in the other two cases integration of the plasmid has probably occurred homologously. the phenotype of these transformants is broadly c ...	1986	3018435
molecular analysis of the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans.	the transcriptional organization and sequence of the aspergillus nidulans argb gene, encoding ornithine carbamoyl transferase (octase; e.c. 2.1.3.3.), was determined. transcription of the gene begins within a methionine-initiated open translation reading frame, indicating that a second methionine codon of the open reading frame is used for translation initiation. the predicted length of the octase precursor peptide is 359 amino acids, and it contains a highly basic amino terminus that is probabl ...	1986	3020372
oxidative phosphorylation and energy buffering in cyanobacteria.	the onset of respiration in the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans and nostoc sp. strain mac upon a shift from dark anaerobic to aerobic conditions was accompanied by rapid energization of the adenylate pool (owing to the combined action of atp synthase and adenylate kinase) and also the guanylate, uridylate, and cytidylate pools (owing to nucleoside diphosphate and nucleoside monophosphate kinases). rates of the various transphosphorylation reactions were comparable to the rate of oxidative phosp ...	1986	3023299
expression of the aspergillus nidulans argb gene in escherichia coli.	the aspergillus nidulans argb gene coding for ornithine carbamoyltransferase (otcase) is not expressed in escherichia coli. however, e. coli otcase-deficient strains transformed with plasmids carrying the argb gene from a. nidulans reverted to prototrophy at a high frequency. in these derivatives the argb gene became functional due to dna rearrangements upstream of the coding sequence. two types of rearrangement were characterized. one was identified as an insertion of is2. the second was a dele ...	1986	3027235
organization of the genes for protein synthesis elongation factors tu and g in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	the genes for protein synthesis elongation factors tu and g were cloned from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans. the locations of these genes were mapped within the cloned dna fragment by hybridization with escherichia coli probes. the organization of the cloned fragment and the dna flanking it in the a. nidulans chromosome was also determined. the elongation factor tu and g genes are adjacent to one another and in the same 5'-to-3' orientation. in contrast to other gram-negative bacteria, a. ...	1986	3082860
transformation of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans 6301 with the escherichia coli plasmid pbr322.	anacystis nidulans 6301 has been transformed in the light to ampicillin resistance with the plasmid pbr322. permeaplasts prepared by 2-hr treatment of cells with lysozyme and edta are transformed with a 50-fold higher efficiency than that observed for cells. beta-lactamase is present in a. nidulans transformed either with pbr322 or the plasmid pch1 as evidenced by hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of nitrocefin in extracts of transformants. beta-lactamase also can be immunoprecipitated from ext ...	1986	3085098
grouping of aspergillus species with exoantigens.	ninety-two slant extracts prepared from 2-week-old cultures of seven aspergillus groups, nonsporulating "albino-type" a.fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, 3 penicillium spp., 2 pseudallescheria spp., 3 paecilomyces spp., and acremonium sp., were analyzed concurrently against antisera to a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. terreus. the extract of each of the aforementioned five pathogenic aspergillus spp. produced 2-11 specific antigen-antibody complex ...	1986	3086014