Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| detection and identification of influenza virus antigens by nylon-coupled enzyme-linked immunoassay. | a direct solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay for rapid detection and typing of influenza virus was developed utilizing antibodies immobilized by covalent linkage to nylon beads. covalent linkage of antibody to nylon was accomplished by treatment of partially hydrolyzed nylon with glutaraldehyde. for comparison to conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), igg fractions were adsorbed to polystyrene beads. influenza type-specific immunoglobulins coupled to nylon beads were used in ... | 1983 | 6339533 |
| the use of a radial haemolysis test for neuraminidase antibodies in the diagnosis of influenza a infection. | a radial haemolysis test designed to detect antibody specifically directed against the neuraminidase is described and compared with currently available techniques for the routine diagnosis of infection with influenza viruses. paired sera were available from two outbreaks of influenza a, one with the n1n1 subtype and the other with the h3n2 subtype. this technique confirmed diagnosis in 92% of cases diagnosed by other laboratory methods. | 1983 | 6350441 |
| fine specificity of the in vitro antibody response to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes. | the fine specificity of anti-influenza antibody produced in vitro by human pbm stimulated with different strains of influenza virus was examined by competition binding in solid phase enzyme immunoassay. most of the antibody produced in vitro is directed to strain-specific or cross-reactive determinants on the hemagglutinin molecule. the extent of cross-reactivity is dependent on the strain of virus used to stimulate pbm as well as the individual tested and presumably on his previous exposure to ... | 1983 | 6350452 |
| summary of clinical trials of inactivated influenza vaccine - 1978. | this report summarizes the clinical trials of the a/ussr/77 (h1n1) influenza vaccines performed in 1978. a total of 2,091 subjects participated in these trials. the results of these clinical trials indicated that two doses of h1n1 viral antigen were necessary to produce serum titers of hemagglutinin-inhibiting (hai) antibody of greater than 1:40 in 80% or more of the test subjects younger than 25 years of age, who were unlikely to have experienced natural infection during the earlier period of p ... | 1983 | 6353529 |
| antigenicity and reactogenicity of influenza a/ussr/77 virus vaccine in children--a multicentered evaluation of dosage and safety. | clinical trials of monovalent a/ussr/77 (h1n1) and trivalent a/ussr/77 (h1n1), a/texas/77 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/72 inactivated influenza virus vaccines were carried out in 358 children and adolescents. only split-virus vaccines were administered to children younger than 13 years of age. no serious local or systemic reactions were observed among the study participants. two doses of vaccine containing 7-20 micrograms of the a/ussr/77 (h1n1) viral antigen were required to achieve serum titers of ... | 1983 | 6353530 |
| immunity to influenza in man. | the observations summarized in this review indicate immunity to infection with type a influenza viruses is subtype specific since little or none is conveyed to subtypes possessing immunologically distinct ha and na proteins. however, within a subtype, a prior antigenic experience with one variant may prevent or modify illness to another. the resulting degree of subtype immunity depends on the extent of relatedness between variants. observations with h3n2 viruses indicate that homotypic resistanc ... | 1983 | 6357060 |
| comparative study and grouping of nonstructural (ns1) proteins of influenza a viruses by the method of oligopeptide mapping. | oligopeptide mapping of 35s-methionine labeled non-structural (ns1) proteins of 23 influenza. a virus strains showed the presence of both common and variable oligopeptides. analysis of the oligopeptide maps revealed at least four groups of ns1 proteins. the first group includes ns1 proteins of several human h1n1 influenza viruses (that were designated as h0n1 according to the old classification). the second group is composed of ns1 proteins of h1n1 and h2n2 viruses. the third group includes ns1 ... | 1983 | 6229233 |
| antigenic characteristics and genome composition of a naturally occurring recombinant influenza virus isolated from a pig in japan. | we performed antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of a recombinant virus (a/swine/kanagawa/2/78) isolated from a pig in japan in 1978, using a series of monoclonal antibodies to h1 (hsw1) haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidases of h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. results obtained in haemagglutination inhibition tests with five monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin of a/nj/8/76 (h1n1) revealed that the haemagglutinin of three h1n1 and the recombinant viruses were indisting ... | 1983 | 6198440 |
| effect of influenza a virus on leukocyte histamine release. | viral respiratory infections provoke asthma in many patients. in the following study we examined the effect of an in vitro incubation of influenza a on leukocyte histamine release. after incubation with a live influenza a (h3n2) virus, calcium ionophore a23187 (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 microgram/ml)-induced leukocyte histamine release (hr) was enhanced (p less than 0.05). this effect was also found with heat- or ether-inactivated virus. similarly, influenza a-exposed leukocytes had augmented leukocyte ... | 1983 | 6187791 |
| [correlations of the antigenic specificity of human blood with the levels of antihemagglutinins to influenza viruses]. | the results of the observations show that after active circulation of influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b viruses the degree of immune response (a rise in antihemagglutinin titres to the causative agent of an epidemic) differed significantly in subjects with different blood groups of the abo(h) system. after active circulation of influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses, rises in the antibody titres to the etiological factor of the epidemic was more marked in subjects with blood groups o and a than ... | 1983 | 6189297 |
| defective in vitro production of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in ataxia-telangiectasia. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (a-t) were studied for their capacity to proliferate and to generate influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) after in vitro stimulation with influenza a/hong kong (a/hk (h3n2)) virus. pbmc from 11 patients proliferated poorly to a/hk and 10 of the 11 patients failed to exhibit significant ctl effector activity when tested on influenza a/hk virus-infected autologous target cells. in contrast, pbmc fr ... | 1983 | 6189897 |
| surveillance of influenza in houston, texas, usa: gradual transition from a/victoria/75 (h3n2) to a/texas/77 (h3n2) predominance and antigenic characterization of "intermediate" strains. | influenza epidemics in houston, texas, usa, during the winters of 1975-76, 1976-77, and 1977-78 were attributed to a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), b/hong kong/5/72, and a/texas/1/77 (h3n2)-like viruses, respectively. both a/victoria and a/texas viruses were detected towards the end of the 1976-77 epidemic and throughout the 1977-78 epidemic. to determine if there had been a gradual transition in the predominant strain, 267 viral isolates from the 1975-76 epidemic were tested for a/texas virus. eight spe ... | 1983 | 6190585 |
| antigenic drift in influenza virus h3 hemagglutinin from 1968 to 1980: multiple evolutionary pathways and sequential amino acid changes at key antigenic sites. | surveys of the antigenic properties of a wide range of variants of the h3n2 (hong kong) influenza virus subtype have revealed complex patterns of variants cocirculating during each of the main epidemic eras of the subtype. we determined hemagglutinin (ha) gene sequences for 14 isolates chosen to give the wildest possible spread of variant types. the addition of these data to existing ha gene sequence information for other variants provides a comprehensive picture of ha gene evolution during anti ... | 1983 | 6193288 |
| mechanism of interferon action iii--significance of pppa2'p5'a2'p5'a in the antiviral action of interferon. | this paper is to evidence that the antiviral effect of pppa2'p5'a2'p5'a(2'-5'p3a3) could cover a wide spectrum of viruses, the rna viruses such as influenza h3n2/77, influenza h1n1/77, echo11, rhino, sendai, sindbis and vsv, and the dna viruses such as herpes (type i). in addition, the antiviral effect of 2'-5'p3a3 on echo11 virus, as compared with other viruses, is more efficient than that of ifn. it seems likely that 2'-5'p3a3 plays an important role in the antiviral action of ifn. after compa ... | 1983 | 6194560 |
| influence of interferon induction with influenza a virus upon the modification of anti-srbc humoral response. | the investigations carried out showed the dependence of immunosuppression induced by a/usrr/053/74(h3n2) virus upon the activity of its neuraminidase. high activity of this enzyme influenced interferon (ifn) induction which, in turn, reduced the primary humoral response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) or stimulated the production of igm and igg antibody producing cells. | 1983 | 6197038 |
| analysis by monoclonal antibodies of h3n2 subtype influenza a viruses in japan and southeast asia prior to 1983. | 1983 | 6197497 | |
| genetic recombination between temperature-sensitive and wild-type influenza a virus strains. | genetic cross was performed between a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of influenza virus a/wsn (h0n1) which carries a ts lesion in m gene, and a wild type a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2). twelve clones were isolated randomly from the mixed yield in the absence of any selective procedure and they were individually examined for their ts character. in addition, structural and non-structural polypeptides of an individual clone were analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) to identify from whi ... | 1983 | 6133427 |
| differentiation of influenza a virus nucleoproteins in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the serum antibody titre to the nucleoprotein (np) of the influenza virus recombinant mrc-11 was determined in virus strains a/ussa/5/80 (h3n2), a/hong kong/8/64 (h3n2), a/duck/ukraine/63 (hav7neq2) and in a recombinant strain between a/tern/frunse/334/78(hav4nav1) and a/pr/8/34(h0n1) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). significant differences between the np of these strains were found proving the usefulness for elisa for such investigations. | 1983 | 6133433 |
| the influence of ph and ionic strength on the single radial immunodiffusion test in qualitative assay of influenza virus haemagglutinin. | a significant dependence between different ionic strength and ph value of virus suspension on one hand and the haemagglutinin (ha) content as determined by single-radial-immunodiffusion (srd) test on the other hand was observed after cleavage of influenza virus recombinant nib-6 (h1n1) with sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sls). in contrast, no such relationship was found when the ha of nib-4 (h3n2) recombinant strain was determined. | 1983 | 6139944 |
| high reproduction capacity of recombinants between h3n2 human influenza and fowl plague viruses is due to the gene coding for m proteins. | recombinants between h3n2 human influenza viruses (a/victoria/3/75 and a/bangkok/1/79, low-yielding parents in chick embryos) and fowl plague virus (fpv, a high-yielding parent in chick embryos) have been obtained. the high reproductive capacity of recombinants in chick embryos has been shown to be due to the gene coding for m proteins. | 1983 | 6139948 |
| role of genes 4 and 6 for the expression of some biological properties of influenza virus a/pr/8/34. | genetic composition and biological properties of influenza virus recombinants a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and a/greifswald/6/74 (h3n2) were analysed. the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of the strain a/pr/8/34 was shown an important part of the gene complex determining the virulence for mice, the yield of ha and the plaque forming capacity. the exchange of the ha gene with that of an another strain led to a drastic reduction of these properties. on the other hand, the introduction of the ha gene of a/pr/8/34 stra ... | 1983 | 6140830 |
| k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation in the isolation of purified influenza virus haemagglutinin after bromelain cleavage. | a method of haemagglutinin (ha) purification by means of k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation is described. different influenza virus strains possessing the antigenic formulas h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 yielded pure and immunologically active ha samples. | 1983 | 6140831 |
| blastogenic lymphocyte response as indicator of cell-mediated immunity in humans vaccinated with live and inactivated influenza vaccines. | the level and dynamics of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and to specific influenza virus antigen were studied in 3 groups of humans, vaccinated with live or inactivated whole virion influenza vaccines (h3n2 type) and placebo (control group). both live and inactivated influenza vaccines did not change significantly the functional activity of t lymphocytes as determined by the mean values of stimulation index (si). the analysis of individual values of pha-depende ... | 1983 | 6140837 |
| [characteristics of the antigenic composition of influenza a (h3n2) virus hemagglutinins isolated 1979-1080]. | the results of comparative immunological analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains of 1979-1980 indicate an emergence in the antigenic composition of virus hemagglutinins of two qualitatively new antigenic determinants differing from those of previously investigated influenza h0n1, h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 viruses. it is suggested that the viruses of recent years having completely lost the relationship with the ancestor of the h3n2 subtype and having very little similarity with viruses occuring in 19 ... | 1982 | 6176071 |
| anti-influenza response achieved by immunization with a synthetic conjugate. | the peptide corresponding to sequence 91--108 of the hemagglutinin of type a h3n2 influenza virus has been synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis method and covalently attached to several macromolecular carriers. the conjugate with tetanus toxoid was used for immunization of rabbits and mice. the immunoglobulin fraction of the rabbit antiserum showed the presence and antipeptide antibodies by both agar gel diffusion and radioimmunoassay. in the latter assay, the antibodies showed marke ... | 1982 | 6176996 |
| influenza in the united kingdom 1977-1981. | the laboratory surveillance of influenza in the uk has continued to demonstrate the regularity of influenza outbreaks each winter even in the absence of increase in the other indices which reflect the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. the period of five years from 1976 to 1981 has seen the appearance of a second sub-type of influenza. a with the return of the historic h1n1 virus; and the continued circulation of h3n2 concurrently with h1n1 virus. variants of both these influenza ... | 1982 | 6177743 |
| killer t cell responses to influenza a during a drift period: studies in mice. | after intravenous immunization of mice with any influenza a h3n2 drift strain attempts to restimulation of cytotoxic t cell (ctl) activities with the same virus or other drift period variants were unsuccessful for up to 6 weeks. cross-stimulation 4-5 months after primary sensitization yielded, in most situations, positive but lower--as compared to primary--secondary cytotoxic t cell responses. homotypic challenge was also effective after priming with some influenza a subtypes (a/e/72, a/pc/73, a ... | 1982 | 6178951 |
| mapping of antigenic changes in the haemagglutinin of hong kong influenza (h3n2) strains using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 125 monoclonal antibodies (igg) was raised against the haemagglutinin of an early representative of the hong kong (h3n2) subtype of influenza. they were classified into groups based on their cross-reactions with 16 other virus strains from the same subtype. this classification was performed using methods of numerical taxonomy. statistical tests supported the validity of the grouping. ten such groups were identified. nine antibodies remained unclassified. the locations on the haemagglu ... | 1982 | 6182265 |
| the possible origin h1n1 (hsw1n1) virus in the swine population of japan and antigenic analysis of the isolates. | virus isolation and serological studies on swine sera collected during 1973 to 1978 showed that h1n1 (hsw1n1) influenza viruses first appeared in the swine population of japan about may 1977. with the exception of one strain, both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of all the h1n1 viruses isolated from swine in japan and from pigs imported from north america were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/nj/8/76 virus, suggesting the introduction of swine influenza virus into japan ... | 1982 | 6182266 |
| reassortant virus derived from avian and human influenza a viruses is attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | an influenza a reassortant virus that contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a virulent human virus, a/udorn/72 (h3n2), and the six other influenza a virus genome segments from an avirulent avian virus, a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2), was evaluated for its level of replication is squirrel monkeys and hamsters. in monkeys, the reassortant virus was as attenuated and as restricted in its level of replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract as its avian influenza virus p ... | 1982 | 6183749 |
| analysis of the genome structure of influenza a virus strains isolated during the epidemics of 1977-1980. | the genome structure of different a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) influenza virus strains isolated from 1977 to 1980 was analysed by electrophoresis of single-stranded rna and of the double-stranded rna obtained by hybridization with complementary rna of the a/stavropol 188/79 (h3n2) strain. the differences in genome structure are insignificant within the a(h1n1) subtype, and considerable (involving almost all the 8 rna fragments) between the two a(h3n2) strains (a/texas 1/77 and a/stavropol 188/79). the gr ... | 1982 | 6183817 |
| human influenza a viruses in pigs: isolation of a h3n2 strain antigenically related to a/england/42/72 and evidence for continuous circulation of human viruses in the pig population. | an influenza virus strain isolated in northern italy in 1977 was identified as belonging to the h3n2 subtype (a/swine/italy/1850/77). a close antigenic relationship to the human strain a/england/42/72 was demonstrated. serologic surveys of 548 pig sera from 53 farms in two provinces in northern italy demonstrated the existence of antibodies to the swine/italy/1850/77 strain and to a/hong kong/1/68, a/victoria/3/75 and h 1 n 1 (hsw 1 n 1) strains in the pig population. | 1982 | 6184032 |
| [antigenic characteristics of different variants of influenza virus a(h3/n2) and their circulation in the ussr and people's republic of bulgaria in 1968-1980]. | influenza a (h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1968-1980 in the ussr (1908 strains), prb (1413 strains) and in other countries were studied comparatively. among 15 drift variants described in the literature only 6 were found to have sequential epidemic spread. in all the instances the epidemics occurred after importation of the virus from abroad, the interval between the emergence of a new drift variant and its detection in the study areas ranged from 2 1/2 months to 1 1/2 years and was not synchr ... | 1982 | 6186088 |
| role of the heterogeneity of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus populations in establishment of persistent infection of l cells. | three subpopulations of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus differing from one another in biological properties obtained by elution from deae-sephadex with phosphate buffer containing increasing concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mol/l) of nacl, were used to induce persistent infection of l929 mouse fibroblast cells. in the course of 25 passages, cell destruction occurred only at low passage levels, especially in the la-68/0.5 and la-68/all. sublines. the proliferating activities of la-68/0.1 an ... | 1982 | 6127011 |
| effects of streptovirudin on influenza viruses type a and b: inhibition of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis of fowl plague virus. | antibiotics of the streptovirudin complex (sv) inhibited the growth of influenza a and b viruses such as influenza a/fowl plague virus (fpv), strain weybridge (hav1 neq1), influenza a/england 42/72 (h3n2), influenza a/port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2), influenza b/leningrad 235/74, influenza b/tokyo 7/66, and influenza b/jamagata in chick embryo cell (cec) cultures, in permanent canine kidney cells (mdck), and in suspended fragments of chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes (cam). as revealed by spectro ... | 1982 | 6132539 |
| e-rosette forming cells and humoral antibody titres in humans after vaccination with three different inactivated influenza virus vaccines a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1). | the number of e-rosette forming cells and the serum haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titres were examined in 37 volunteers immediately before and 14, 28, 35 and 63 days after immunization with three inactivated influenza virus vaccines a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1)--nib 6 and in 11 non-vaccinated controls. from the former, 10 volunteers were immunized with 1000 haemagglutinin (ha) iu per dose, 11 volunteers with the nib 6 adsorbate vaccine (340 ha iu/dose) and 16 volunteers with a bivalent vacci ... | 1982 | 6132540 |
| [antibody formation and preservation against the envelope antigens of influenza virus subtype a(h3n2) after infection and vaccination]. | 1982 | 6764986 | |
| the follow-up study of swine and hong kong influenza virus infection among japanese hogs. | pigs in miyagi prefecture, japan were examined for swine (hssw1n1) and hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. the results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the hong kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, a/yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. these epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct tran ... | 1982 | 6285546 |
| cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative young children. | two live, attenuated, intranasally administered influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in 21 seronegative young children at vanderbilt children's hospital (nashville, tennessee). the vaccines were derivatives of a cold-adapted master strain, influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 virus, containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of one of two contemporary strains, influenza a/hong kong/123/77 (h1n1) or a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) virus. both vaccine strains replicated in seronegative young children without ev ... | 1982 | 7045254 |
| pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications for prevention. | pneumonia and influenza (p&i) deaths among adults during epidemics of influenza a (h3n2) virus are reviewed and risks of such deaths according to age and presence of chronic disease are estimated from medical records of a large group practice. thirty-eight deaths occurred among 310 persons hospitalized with p&i. flu-like symptoms occurred in 30 patients (79%), 26 patients (68%) were older than 65 years, 36 patients (95%) had chronic disease, and approximately half were medically stable before th ... | 1982 | 7053739 |
| responses of elderly subjects to a new subunit influenza virus vaccine. | the serologic responses and the side effects resulting from the administration of a new subunit vaccine against influenza were compared with those of a currently available whole-virus vaccine in an elderly population. the subunit vaccine is prepared by cleavage of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens from the virus with a cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. the resulting vaccine is more selectively reduced to these primary antigens than are the available subunit v ... | 1982 | 7054332 |
| possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks. | two duck farms in hong kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. the predominant virus in one community was h3n2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic hong kong strain. this virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from feces or pond water or both, indicating a cycle of waterborne transmission. viruses of the same antigenic combination were isolated 1 and 2 years after the last sampling occasion, impl ... | 1982 | 7055370 |
| impact of influenza a in a nursing home. | outbreaks of influenza a in the institutionalized elderly have been reported only rarely. such an outbreak occurred in a nursing home in the period dec 12, 1980, through jan 21, 1981. thirty (25%) of the 120 residents had onset of influenza-like illness during the outbreak. influenza a/bangkok/79-like (h3n2) virus was isolated from throat swab specimens from five of eight acutely ill patients. thirteen persons were hospitalized; nine persons died (case-fatality ratio, 30%). this outbreak documen ... | 1982 | 7057536 |
| the binding of staphylococcal protein a by the sera of different animal species. | the capacity of purified immunoglobulin or serum to bind (125i)-labeled staphylococcal protein a (spa) was measured by means of an immunofiltration assay that facilitated the examination of large numbers of sera and required only a minute quantity of each. sera from 80 species, including humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and a variety of african mammals were examined. a wide interspecies variation in the spa-binding capacity of serum immunoglobulins was confirmed. only small variatio ... | 1982 | 7061862 |
| genetic composition and virulence of influenza virus: differences in facets of virulence in ferrets between two pairs of recombinants with rna segments of the same parental origin. | facets of virulence for ferrets of 16 recombinant clones of two parent viruses a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and a/okuda/57 (h2n2) were determined and viewed in relation to their genetic composition. of the five pairs of recombinant clones with rna segments of the same parental origin, differences in facets of virulence were detected between members of two of the pairs. one pair differed in ability to produce fever, and another pair in ability to infect the lower respiratory tract. subsequent analyses i ... | 1982 | 7061993 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. i. isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants some of which exhibit host-dependent temperature sensitivity. | 1982 | 7064353 | |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. ii. genetic analysis and demonstration of intrasegmental complementation. | 1982 | 7064354 | |
| studies on neuraminidase from influenza virus a(h3n2) obtained by two procedures. | 1. neuraminidase was obtained by (a) bromelain solubilization or (b) by treatment with n-lauroylsarcosine. 2. 5-n-acetyl-2-o-(3-methoxyphenyl)-alpha-d-neuraminic acid, employed as substrate, avoids the interference produced by the thiobarbituric acid method, and is not interfered by the ampholytes. 3. only about 20% of original enzyme activity was lost after electrofocusing. the sample from procedure a showed two peaks, corresponding to pis 4.4 and 5.6. the sample from procedure b, having a high ... | 1982 | 7067910 |
| elevation of nasal viral levels by suppression of fever in ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the effect of suppression of fever on viral levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with either of two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) was studied. the febrile response was reduced by shaving the ferrets or by treating them with sodium salicylate, which had no noticeable effect on the inflammatory response. for both clones, significantly more virus was shed in the nasal washes of ferrets whose febrile respons ... | 1982 | 7069233 |
| clinical reactions and serologic responses after vaccination with whole-virus or split-virus influenza vaccines in children aged 6 to 36 months. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 77 children between the ages of 6 and 36 months. subjects initially received monovalent vaccine containing either a/ussr/77 (h1n1) antigen in 1978 or a/brazil/78 (h1n1) antigen in 1979. one month later a trivalent preparation was given which contained the respective h1n1 antigen plus a/texas/77 (h3n2) and b/hong kong/72 antigens. temperatures of greater than or equal to 37.8 c (greater than ... | 1982 | 7070886 |
| analysis of specific interactions influenza virus and cells of different sensitivity. note 2. characteristics of influenza virus-host cell interaction in persistent infection. | molecular hybridization was used for the demonstration of virus-specific rna synthesis in the latent phase of influenza virus replication in the sensitive mdck cell cultures and for its investigation in the persistent system represented by nonpermissive ao cells and influenza a/victoria 35/72 (h3n2). | 1982 | 7072150 |
| prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to current strains of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus in sera collected from the elderly in 1976. | sera were collected in 1976 from 182 individuals born between 1876-1935, who included patients in a large local nursing home in orange county, california, and patients and staff at the university of california, irvine medical center. sera were treated with receptor-destroying enzyme and assayed for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to recent strains of influenza a virus. the antigens tested were: a/victoria/3/76 and a/texas/1/77 for subtype h3n2; a/new jersey/8/76, a/x53 and a/swine/1976 ... | 1982 | 7072705 |
| occurrence of temperature-sensitive influenza a viruses in nature. | the origin and characteristics of the first naturally occurring temperature-sensitive (ts) strain of influenza a virus identified in 1973, xia-ts, are described. natural ts strains were found to occur in the early egg passage material of all influenza a subtypes examined, but the proportion of ts virus varied from 8.3% for old h1n1 virus (1949 to 1957) to 82.4% for recent h3n2 virus (1979 to 1980). a number of strains were found to be composed of a mixture of ts and wild-type (ts+) particles. si ... | 1982 | 7077746 |
| sequence of the influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus neuraminidase gene as determined from cloned full-length dna. | 1982 | 7080447 | |
| estimating household and community transmission parameters for influenza. | a maximum likelihood procedure is given for estimating household and community transmission parameters from observed influenza infection data. the estimator for the household transmission probability is an improvement over the classical secondary attack rate calculations because it factors out community-acquired infections from true secondary infections. the mathematical model used does not require the specification of infection onset times and, therefore, can be used with serologic data which d ... | 1982 | 7081204 |
| [level of antibodies to influenza viruses a and b in the blood sera of children under 13]. | the level of antibodies to influenza a (h1n1), a (h2n2), a (h3n2), and b viruses in the blood sera collected in october and november, 1980, from 224 children under 13 resident in moscow and its suburbs was studied the results of the study showed convincingly the influenza a (h2n2) viruses did not circulate at that time among the population of moscow and its suburbs. the 4 positive (not exceeding 1 : 40 findings in sera from younger children were due to the presence in them of the antibodies cros ... | 1982 | 7090338 |
| [course of influenza in cyclophosphane suppression of cellular and humeral immunity]. | under conditions of immunosuppression of b- and t-cell functions with cyclophosphane, experimental influenza in mice infected with a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) runs early in the infection a much milder course than in mice given no such treatment. the mortality among immunosuppressed mice was 5 times as low as in the controls; the virus could be isolated from the lung tissue earlier and in higher titres; cyclophosphane inhibited the synthesis of antibodies and nonspecific thermolabile and thermostable tis ... | 1982 | 7090340 |
| [characteristics of the degree and spectrum of antiviral activity of 2-(1'-aminoethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride]. | a high activity of a bicycloheptane derivative against influenza viruses, poor activity against venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and parainfluenza type 3 viruses, and the lack of activity against herpes simplex, vaccinia, echo 6, adenovirus type 3 replicating in tissue cultures were demonstrated. the efficacy of the drug in orthomyxovirus infection of tissue culture includes the viruses with the antigenic formula a (h3n2) and a (h1n1), is poor with the a/pr8/34 (h0n1) virus, and lacking with ... | 1982 | 7090343 |
| [parent and recombinant influenza virus a strains differing in the degree of remantadine sensitivity]. | the pattern of inheritance in recombination of various degrees of sensitivity of influenza viruses to remantadine was studied and the genes responsible for the manifestation of this character with regard to the degree of the strain sensitivity to the inhibitor were determined. the results suggest that resistance to 10 microgram/ml remantadine in most cases was determined by the inheritance of the gene coding for the membrane protein, whereas the sensitivity to 10 microgram/ml remantadine most fr ... | 1982 | 7090347 |
| secretory and systemic immunological response in children infected with live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure isotype-specific antibody to purified hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a virus, using serum and nasal-wash specimens from young children undergoing primary infection with live cold-adapted influenza a/alaska/77 (h3n2) or a/hong kong/77 (h1n1) candidate vaccine virus. the serum antibody response followed the pattern expected for a primary viral infection. each of 17 vaccinated children had a serum immunoglobulin g (igg) ha antibody response, ... | 1982 | 7095844 |
| influenza virus replication in human alveolar macrophages. | studies with animal models suggest that alveolar macrophages may be important cells in some respiratory virus infections, but little is known about the role of these cells in virus infections in man. in this study human alveolar macrophages were obtained by fibreoptic bronchoscopy and infected in vitro with a variety of influenza viruses. after infection with the nws strain of influenza virus the haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein viral antigens were demonstrated in greater than 90% of cells at 24 ... | 1982 | 7097255 |
| identification of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive strains of influenza a virus and location of their genetic lesions. | influenza a viruses of different subtypes isolated in different years and from different parts of china were examined for temperature-sensitiveness (ts) in their early egg passages. the validity of ts character has been confirmed by the results of parallel tests in chick embryos and in cell cultures. from 12 strains of the old h1n1 subtype isolated between 1949 and 1957, no ts strain was detected. two out of 6 strains of new h1n1 isolated after february 1979 were found to be ts. for the h3n2 sub ... | 1982 | 7100902 |
| the possible origin of h3n2 influenza virus. | 1982 | 7101733 | |
| anti-influenza a virus activity of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the activities and toxicities of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride against influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses were compared in organ cultures and ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. pretreatment of cultures with concentrations (0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration of amantadine revealed that rimantadine produced significantly longer protection than amantadine against virus-induced cytopathi ... | 1982 | 7103458 |
| influenzavirus infections in seattle families, 1975-1979. i. study design, methods and the occurrence of infections by time and age. | intensive surveillance of seattle, washington, families with school-age children for influenzavirus infections during 1975-1979 encompassed 639 family- and 2732 person-seasons of observation, covering four influenzavirus epidemic seasons: type b (1975-1979), type a/h3n2 (1975-1976 and 1977-1978) and type a/h1n1 (1978-1979). late spring "herald" waves of infection occurred in 1977 (a/h3n2), 1978 (a/h1n1) and 1979 (type b), the latter presaging an epidemic in 1979-1980. out-of-season infections, r ... | 1982 | 7114033 |
| [antibody response to trivalent anti-influenza vaccination (inactivated virus) a/texas/1/77 h3n2), a/urss/90/77 (h1n1), b/hong kong/8/73]. | seventy-five young recruits received an intramuscular dose of anti-influenza virus vaccine containing 300 u.i. of a/texas/1/77 (h3n2), a/urss/90/77 (h1n1), b/hong kong/8/73 strains. antibody responses were detected by hi and srh tests: immunogenicity of the preparation was different for the individual vaccine strain in spite of the similar amount of antigenic content, and the immunity conferred by vaccine strains did not significantly extend to new influenza virus strains which prevailed in 1979 ... | 1982 | 7126342 |
| [antibody response to an anti-influenza vaccine of inactivated whole virus, titrated in micrograms, used in the 1980/81 season]. | antibody response of 68 healthy young-adult volunteers to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), b/singapore/222/79 trivalent anti-influenza virus vaccine was studied by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis techniques. the results of this study indicate that immunogenicity of the individual components of the vaccine (10 micrograms each) varied significantly, the highest frequence of antibody response occurring for a/brazil influenza virus strain and the lowest for b/s ... | 1982 | 7126343 |
| [retrospective identification of time of isolation of variants of a/bangkok/1/79 and a/beijing/2/79 group of h3n2 influenza virus]. | 1982 | 7128321 | |
| virulence of avian influenza a viruses for squirrel monkeys. | ten serologically distinct avian influenza a viruses were administered to squirrel monkeys and hamsters to compare their replication and virulence with those of human influenza a virus, a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2). in squirrel monkeys, the 10 avian influenza a viruses exhibited a spectrum of replication and virulence. the levels of virus replication and clinical response were closely correlated. two viruses, a/mallard/ny/6874/78 (h3n2) and a/pintail/alb/121/79 (h7n8), resembled the human virus in thei ... | 1982 | 7129631 |
| cellular response in humans following vaccination with gripax influenza virus. | cellular response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to influenza antigens was measured in a group of young nurse-student volunteers (17-24 years old), following vaccination with a formol-inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (gripax). cord blood lymphocytes (controls) did not react with any of the antigens. this excluded the possibility of any nonspecific mitogenicity of viral antigens. viability of the cells was indicated by their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (pha). prior to immunizatio ... | 1982 | 7130968 |
| [variability of the virulent properties of influenza a viruses in recombination]. | the pattern of redistribution of human virulence in epidemic strains of influenza viruses in recombination with human avirulent strains was studied. in the course of recombination of epidemic and attenuated influenza virus strains variants with different human virulence were obtained. some recombinants manifested enforced reactogenic properties as compared with the epidemic strain (x/28, m/35, and 0/26--h1n1, and 2p--h3n2). at the same time, recombinants no 19 (h1n1) and 1p (h3n2) with a similar ... | 1982 | 7135925 |
| live influenza a/victoria/75 (h3n2) virus vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and protection against wild-type virus challenge. | four live influenza a/victoria/75 (h3n2) recombinant virus vaccines were administered intranasally to a total of 50 volunteers who had little or no detectable serum neutralizing antibody. a recombinant with ts-1[e] having a 38 degrees c shut-off temperature caused febrile reactions or systemic reactions or both in 21% of the volunteers, but one with ts-1a2 having a 37 degrees c shut-off temperature caused no illness. two recombinants prepared with cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 caused 9% febrile ... | 1982 | 7141686 |
| oligopeptide mapping of np proteins of influenza a viruses. | oligopeptide mapping of nucleoproteins (np proteins) of 54 strains of influenza a virus showed the presence of both common and individual oligopeptides. using the distribution of variable oligopeptides as the criterion, np proteins were subdivided into four groups (np0, np1, np2 and np3). the np0 group is composed of h0n1 influenza viruses and the majority of animal influenza viruses. the np1 group contains h1n1 (except a/california/78) and h2n2 influenza viruses isolated from man as well as h1n ... | 1982 | 7142966 |
| [neuraminidase of influenza virus]. | neuraminidase or sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18, acylneuraminyl hydrolase) from a strain of the influenza virus a (h3n2), identical to the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) strain, has been purified and characterized by electrofocusing; only about 20% of the previous enzymic activity was lost after electrofocusing. the enzyme activity was measured by the peryodate-thiobarbiturate procedure, by the methoxyphenol-antipyrine method, and by spectrophotometry at 340 nm of the nadh produced in the oxidation of the beta-g ... | 1982 | 7146596 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from birds in great britain during 1980 and 1981. | during 1980 and 1981 influenza a viruses of subtypes h3n2, h3n8, h4n1, h4n6, h6n2, h6n8, h7n7, h11n8 and h11n9 were isolated from birds in great britain, usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. however, all viruses were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests. there was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (h6n8) but viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. other viruses were isolated from exotic birds in zoos or bi ... | 1982 | 6815876 |
| influenza a(h3n2) virus isolations--united states. | 1982 | 6818449 | |
| update: influenza virus a(h3n2) isolations - united states. | 1982 | 6819441 | |
| study of several genetic markers of two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains were studied as regards neuraminidase activity, the rate of elution from chicken rbc and the sensitivity to nonspecific horse serum inhibitors. neuraminidase activity was lower in the a(h1n1) recombinant and in its collection and wild-type parents belonging to the same subtype than in the a(h3n2) recombinant and parental strains; the elution rate was much higher in the former than in the latter. in contrast to the parenta ... | 1982 | 6959412 |
| evaluation of live and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in a mouse model. | induction of cross-protective immunity against serologically distinct subtypes of influenza a virus in mice was examined in an attempt to correlate cross-protection with heterotypic lymphocyte responses. live and inactivated virus vaccines protected against the homologous subtype, but only whole virus protected against heterologous subtypes. live virus vaccines provided better cross-protection than inactivated virus vaccines. a weak defense against heterotypic challenge generated by live h0n1 vi ... | 1982 | 6977595 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of influenza outbreaks in pune, india, 1980. | during the course of continuous surveillance of influenza in 1980 in pune, india, which has a tropical monsoon climate, three outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ari) were investigated in march (hot season), in july-september (rainy season), and in november (cold season); sporadic cases during the interepidemic months were also studied. the first outbreak was associated with influenza a virus (h3n2), the second with influenza a viruses (h3n2) and (h1n1) and influenza b virus, but fewer inf ... | 1982 | 6982785 |
| characterization of human serum strain-specific antihemagglutinin antibody to a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) influenza virus by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. | we performed radioimmunoprecipitation assays in which iodinated preparations of a/port chalmers/73 (a/pc/73) hemagglutinin were used as the test antigens and high concentrations of unlabeled a/hong kong/68 viral protein were used to inhibit the binding of cross-reactive antibodies to quantitate strain-specific antibody responses in postvaccination sera. strain-specific antibodies comprised 8 to 48% (mean, 20%) of the total a/pc/73 antigen-binding capacity of the sera tested. competition radioimm ... | 1982 | 6985298 |
| infection with influenza a/victoria virus in houston families, 1976. | in 1976, an epidemic caused by infections with an influenza virus antigenically similar to a/victoria/75 (h3n2) occurred in houston, texas. during this outbreak, 37 families (155 members) enrolled in the houston family study were under observation. the families lived throughout the metropolitan area (houston, texas), and were representative of low income groups. the overall frequency of infection in family members was 27.7%. the frequency of infection was the highest for infants under one year o ... | 1981 | 7016989 |
| the antigenicity of whole virus versus subunit trivalent influenza vaccines -- a field trial in the israel defence forces, 1978. | a single dose of a commercial trivalent influenza subunit vaccine (sv) and two whole virus vaccines (wvv) were compared in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of subjects under 23 years of age in the israel defence forces. sixty percent of sv recipients and 29% and 37% of wvv recipients showed no measurable response to the h1n1 subtype (a/ussr). when the prevaccination titer to h1n1 was less than 10, sv did not differ significantly from the placebo, and when greater than or equal to 10, ... | 1981 | 7029236 |
| antigenicity in hamsters of inactivated vaccines prepared from recombinant influenza viruses. | inactivated vaccines prepared form influenza virus strains obtained by the recombination of a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) viruses with a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus, were tested for their antigenicity in hamsters. the parental origin of the genes of each cloned recombinant virus was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and vaccines prepared from each strain by concentration, purification on sucrose density gradients and inactivation with formalin. all the recombinant strains u ... | 1981 | 7031128 |
| a clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains. | a test for the immunogenicity of influenza viruses is described, which is based upon the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice. this test is more sensitive than an antigen extinction procedure, in which immunogenicity is measured according to the dose required to induce the formation of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. the clearance test has been used to demonstrate that a) influenza a/northern territo ... | 1981 | 7036956 |
| the ecology of influenza viruses: a who memorandum. | influenza a viruses continue to be isolated from man, pigs, horses, and a wide range of avian species, especially ducks. the recent isolation of an influenza a virus from seals has added an additional mammal to the list of natural hosts for these viruses. in contrast, influenza b viruses have been isolated only from man.the haemagglutinin of a virus isolated from gulls in the united states of america could not be identified with reference antisera and may constitute a new haemagglutinin subtype. ... | 1981 | 6978194 |
| the human cytotoxic t cell response to influenza a vaccination. | the human cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to challenge with influenza a vaccine was studied. six of eight volunteers given killed whole influenza virus a/ussr (h1n1) vaccine showed substantial increases on the level of ctl memory 1 month after immunization. the ctl measured at this time showed complete cross-reactivity in their specificity for influenza a/ussr (h1n1) and a/x31 (h3n2) infected cells and also showed hla restriction. the level of ctl memory increased in only three out of nine ... | 1981 | 6974066 |
| cord blood lymphocyte in vitro responses to influenza a antigens after an epidemic of influenza a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2). | samples of cord blood from 46 deliveries were collected between 2 and 8 mo after an epidemic of influenza caused by a/port chalmers/73 (h3h2) virus. of 10 samples with hai antibody titers against a/port chalmers of 1:16 or greater, one had 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive igm class antibodies against the virus. lymphocyte proliferative responses with the use of a/port chalmers antigens were increased in six of 46 samples. these results provide immunologic evidence that certain neonates have igm antib ... | 1981 | 6974500 |
| specific anti-influenza virus antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with influenza virus were found to produce anti-influenza virus antibody. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cumulative antibody secretion into culture supernatants. optimal antibody production was obtained with 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in flat-bottomed wells for 12 days in 2 ml of rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 4 mm l-glutamine. a ... | 1981 | 6975330 |
| sequence of dna complementary to a small rna segment of influenza virus a/nt/60/68. | a small rna segment from the influenza virus strain a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) was converted to cdna and then to double-stranded dna using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. the double-stranded form was cloned into the bacteriophage m1 3mp7. clones yielding single-strand recombinant templates in opposite orientation were sequenced by the sanger dideoxynucleotide chain termination technique. the small viral rna was 422 nucleotides long and the evidence indicated that it was formed by internal deletio ... | 1981 | 7243594 |
| investigations on the risk of virus infection in dental surgery. preliminary data. | four virus strains -- influenza a/texas 1/77 (h3n2) an a/ussr 90/77 (h1n1), adenovirus and parainfluenza type 2 -- were isolated from different specimens collected in dental surgery rooms. high levels of antibodies to respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3), adeno-, cytomegalic and herpes viruses, as well as the presence of hbsag and anti-hbs could be detected in sera from patients hospitalized for dento-maxillofacial surgery. an epidemiological survey among dentists and dental ... | 1981 | 7245605 |
| evaluation of a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers. | the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) virus was evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes to new variants of influenza a virus. this ca donor virus was mated with the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild-type virus, and three a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) ca recombinant viruses were produced. the parental origin of the genes in the three ca recombinants had been determined previously (2), and their virulence for adult seronegative volunteers was assessed in the present study to identify the genes ... | 1981 | 7251144 |
| conservation of the influenza virus membrane protein (m1) amino acid sequence and an open reading frame of rna segment 7 encoding a second protein (m2) in h1n1 and h3n2 strains. | 1981 | 7257189 | |
| [grouping of influenza a virus np proteins]. | a comparative study of influenza a virus np proteins was carried out using peptide mapping. thirty-five strains of all main serotypes of human and animal viruses were tested. the greatest diversity was found in np proteins of human influenza viruses belonging to different serotypes, while within serotypes the variability is less pronounced. four main groups of np proteins were distinguished and designated np0, np1, np2, and np3. the np0 group includes proteins of viruses of hon1 serotype, np pro ... | 1981 | 7257320 |
| inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine. | the characteristics of laboratory parameters of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine, obtained by the purification of allantoic virus cultures on macroporous glass, are presented. the vaccine is characterized by small reactogenicity and safety, which allows it to be used in both adolescents and adults. seroconversions to hemagglutinin have been found in 80--95% of individuals vaccinated once during the test vaccination by the preparation containing various strains of influenza a/h3n2/virus. ... | 1981 | 7266085 |
| [comparative characteristics of influenza type a infection in adults and children during epidemics and interepidemic periods]. | parallel serological examinations by cft and hi test of paired sera from 18,557 patients and normal subjects in the period of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) subtype virus in 1969-1976 revealed similar sensitivity of both methods for influenza diagnosis during epidemics, however in the interepidemic periods in these years the cft was found to be more sensitive than hi. this observation referred to all age groups of the examined subjects with manifest or asymptomatic forms of influenza infection. in ... | 1981 | 7269525 |
| principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. i. uv-induced inactivation of influenza virus. | photosensitivity of infectious, haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of influenza virus has been determined experimentally. the photosensitivity of infectious activity of type b (strain hongkong/8/73) influenza virus ws found to be higher than that of type a strains nib-4 (n3n2-3), leningrad/399/76 (h3n2-3) and nib-6 (h1n1). the data obtained may be used for the determination of conditions of uv-irradiation for preparation of uv-inactivated antiviral vaccines. | 1981 | 7271457 |
| serologic responses to nonprevalent influenza a viruses during intercyclic periods. | sera collected at different times in the course of the tecumseh study of respiratory illness have been tested for the presence of antibodies to a variety of nonprevalent human and animal type a influenza viruses. in sera collected during the 1966-1968 period of h2n2 prevalence, rises in antibody titer were detected against the h3 antigen. the frequency of these rises in titer increased gradually and significantly as the time of emergence of the h3n2 virus approached. occasional rises in hsw1 ant ... | 1981 | 7193408 |
| a study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the united states, 1968-1976. | the effect of epidemics of influenza a on mortality in the united states was assessed by studying the monthly numbers of deaths during the years 1968-1976. deaths from all causes at all ages and among persons aged 65 and over, and also deaths from acute respiratory diseases, and from cardiovascular causes were studied. deaths from acute respiratory diseases were closely correlated with those from influenza and were taken to be an indication of the severity of influenza outbreaks. this indicator ... | 1981 | 7457477 |
| strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) viruses in children following immunization or natural infection. | the specificity of serum anti-ha antibody from children immunized or infected with a/victoria/75 (h3n2 or a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus was examined using the single radial haemolysis test together with adsorption of antibody with three antigenic variants a/hong kong/68 (h3n2), a/port chalmers/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/75 (h3n2). the majority of young children reacted to vaccination or infection by producing strain-specific (ss) antibody to the homologous virus. a small proportion of children's sera co ... | 1981 | 7462596 |