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changing costs and the impact on rsv prophylaxis.acquisition costs of palivizumab have increased in canada since 2007. this analysis aims to re-evaluate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab in canada for premature infants born between 32 and 35 weeks' gestational age using updated 2010 healthcare costs compared to those used in a 2007 decision analytic model.201021087075
viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations--a ga² len-dare systematic review.a major part of the burden of asthma is caused by acute exacerbations. exacerbations have been strongly and consistently associated with respiratory infections. respiratory viruses and bacteria are therefore possible treatment targets. to have a reasonable estimate of the burden of disease induced by such infectious agents on asthmatic patients, it is necessary to understand their nature and be able to identify them in clinical samples by employing accurate and sensitive methodologies. this syst ...201021087215
reduced innate immune response, apoptosis, and virus release in cells cured of respiratory syncytial virus persistent infection.it has been reported that cell clones isolated at different passages from a culture of hep-2 cells infected persistently with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) were cured of the virus. further studies on one of these clones (31c1) are reported here, showing that 31c1 cells can still be infected by hrsv but release low amounts of virus to the culture supernatant, develop smaller and less numerous syncytia than the original hep-2 cells, and display only a weak innate immune response to the ...201021093006
severe respiratory syncytial virus infection complicating treatment for infantile hemangioma. 201021093672
risk factors in children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis versus non-rsv bronchiolitis.the trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.201021098154
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the major genes in respiratory syncytial virus isolated from infants with bronchiolitis.we performed the genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated from 17 infants with bronchiolitis in kanagawa prefecture, japan in 2005 and 2006. the major genes in these samples (attachment [g] glycoprotein gene, fusion [f] protein gene, and nucleoprotein [n] gene) were sequenced and analyzed genetically. phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that 7 and 10 strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the ...201021099088
right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.previous studies have demonstrated the development of myocardial damage and hepatitis in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess right ventricular function in children with severe rsv disease and to investigate an association with disease severity, myocardial damage, and hepatitis.201021102401
respiratory virus infection and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in central ontario, canada.in temperate climates, invasive meningococcal disease (imd) incidence tends to coincide with or closely follow peak incidence of influenza virus infection; at a seasonal level, increased influenza activity frequently correlates with increased seasonal risk of imd.201021103353
respiratory syncytial virus prevention and therapy: past, present, and future.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. more than 50 years after its discovery, and despite relentless attempts to identify pharmacological therapies to improve the clinical course and outcomes of this disease, the most effective therapy remains supportive care. although the quest for a safe and effective vaccine remains unsuccessful, pediatricians practicing during the past decade have been able to protect at least the m ...201021105011
nucleoprotein-rna orientation in the measles virus nucleocapsid by three-dimensional electron microscopy.recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein-rna (n-rna) helices were analyzed by negative-stain electron microscopy. three-dimensional reconstructions of trypsin-digested and intact nucleocapsids coupled to the docking of the atomic structure of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) n-rna subunit into the electron microscopy density map support a model that places the rna at the exterior of the helix and the disordered c-terminal domain toward the helix interior, and they suggest the position of the ...201021106738
the infectious march: the complex interaction between microbes and the immune system in asthma.there has been significant progress in our knowledge about the relationship between infectious disease and the immune system in relation to asthma, but many unanswered questions still remain. respiratory tract infections such as those caused by respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus during the first 2 years of life are still clearly associated with later wheezing and asthma, but the mechanism has not been completely worked out. is there an "infectious march" triggered by infection in infancy ...201021029932
the role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception.viral respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing are extremely common during early life and remain a frequent cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. although many children who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and reductions in lung function at school age begin wheezing during the first several years of life. whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or si ...201021029935
respiratory syncytial virus infections in the adult asthmatic--mechanisms of host susceptibility and viral subversion.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is also conjectured to be an early-life influence on the development of asthma. although the data supporting a role for rsv in bronchiolitis in children are robust and evidence to support its role in juvenile asthmatics exists, rsv's role in asthma pathogenesis in adults is not as clearly defined. the authors review the literature to further elucidate rsv ...201021029936
influenza a infection in young infants.objective to determine the clinical characteristics of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with influenza a. study design the study was a retrospective analysis of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with fever, respiratory distress and/or sepsis. clinical signs, laboratory values, hospital duration and outcome were compared between children with influenza a and other viruses. results the charts of 268 infants were reviewed. 29 (11%) children had laboratory-confirmed influenza a infection. unique ...201021030378
comparison of commercial systems for extraction of nucleic acids from dna/rna respiratory pathogens.this study compared six automated nucleic acid extraction systems and one manual kit for their ability to recover nucleic acids from human nasal wash specimens spiked with five respiratory pathogens, representing gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus pyogenes), gram-negative bacteria (legionella pneumophila), dna viruses (adenovirus), segmented rna viruses (human influenza virus a), and non-segmented rna viruses (respiratory syncytial virus). the robots and kit evaluated represent major commerci ...201021034773
a community health concern: respiratory syncytial virus and children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant health issue. nearly all children contract rsv by 3 years of age. this virus causes mild cold-like symptoms in older children and adults. however, in infants and toddlers, it causes serious lower respiratory tract infections. recovery from rsv can be lengthy, and caring for an unwell child can become a burden for a family. prevention plans for those children that are at highest risk have been helpful in reducing the incidence of rsv. the america ...201021035019
the role of cytokines and chemokines in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and subsequent asthma.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. the mechanism is largely unknown. rsv stimulates airway epithelial cells and resident leukocytes to release cytokines. cytokines and chemokines involved in host response to rsv infection are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis. in addition, rsv infection early in life has been associated with the development of asthma in later childhood. it is ...201021035355
investigation of the influence of eps® 7630, a herbal drug preparation from pelargonium sidoides, on replication of a broad panel of respiratory viruses.the pelargonium sidoides extract eps® 7630 is an approved drug for the treatment of acute bronchitis in germany. the postulated mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of eps® 7630 in bronchitis patients include immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects, inhibition of interaction between bacteria and host cells, and increase of cilliary beat frequency on respiratory cells. here, we investigated the influence of eps® 7630 on replication of a panel of respiratory viruses. determination of virus ...201021036571
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections in the russian federation: a prospective, multicenter study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children, and is responsible for an estimated four million deaths per year globally. a monthly injection of palivizumab has been used for prophylaxis of serious rsv infections among high-risk children in 71 countries since 1998 and approval for use in the russian federation was obtained in february 2010. a recommendation for rsv prophylaxis in the russian federation would r ...201021042555
predicting the start week of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks using real time weather variables.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of bronchiolitis, has a large impact on the census of pediatric hospitals during outbreak seasons. reliable prediction of the week these outbreaks will start, based on readily available data, could help pediatric hospitals better prepare for large outbreaks.201021044325
bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis.preliminary evidence suggests that viral-pertussis coinfections are common in nonvaccinated infants.201021046700
outcome after bronchiolitis depends on disease definition. 201021047864
a high-throughput screening strategy to overcome virus instability.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a widely distributed pathogen that causes severe disease in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. both vaccine development and drug discovery have been hampered by the inherent instability of the virus itself. drug discovery efforts have had limited success due, at least in part, to the lack of an antiviral assay robust enough for high-throughput screening. instability of the purified virus has long been recognized as a problem in rsv rese ...201021050067
evaluation of commercial resplex ii v2.0, multicode-plx, and xtag respiratory viral panels for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in adults.commercial multiplex pcr panels for respiratory viruses (prv) have been recently developed. resplex ii panel v2.0 (qiagen), multicode-plx (eragen biosciences), and xtag (luminex) prv's were studied. all assays detect influenza a and b, adenovirus, parainfluenza 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus a and b, human metapneumovirus and human rhinovirus. the resplex ii additionally detects coronavirus (229e, oc43, nl63, hku1), coxsackie/echo virus, bocavirus and differentiates adenoviruses (b, e). the mu ...201021050809
conserved cysteine residues within the attachment g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus play a critical role in the enhancement of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses.the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response plays an important role in the control of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication and the establishment of a th1-cd4+ t cell response against the virus. despite lacking major histocompatibility complex i (mhc i)-restricted epitopes, the attachment g glycoprotein of rsv enhances ctl activity toward other rsv antigens, and this effect depends on its conserved central region. here, we report that rsv-g can also improve ctl activity toward antigens fro ...201021053062
early wheeze reduces lung function: or is it viral infection? 201020963835
pattern recognition receptors and genetic risk for rsv infection: value for clinical decision-making?respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory tract infections, especially among young infants. practically, all infants are infected during epidemics and the clinical presentation ranges from subclinical to fatal infection. known risk factors for severe rsv infection include prematurity, age of <2 months, underlying chronic lung or heart diseases, serious neurological or metabolic disorders, immune deficiency (especially a disorder of cellular immunity), crowded living conditions, and in ...201020963841
two novel fusion inhibitors of human respiratory syncytial virus.to search for novel drugs against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we have screened a diversity collection of 16,671 compounds for anti-rsv activity in cultures of hep-2 cells. two of the hit compounds, i.e., the n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxy-n-methyl-3-(6-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (designated as p13) and the 1,4-bis(3-methyl-4-pyridinyl)-1,4-diazepane (designated as c15), reduced the virus infectivity with ic₅₀ values of 0.11 and 0.13μm respectively. ...201020965215
altered cardiac rhythm in infants with bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus infection.although the most frequent extra-pulmonary manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection involve the cardiovascular system, no data regarding heart function in infants with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection have yet been systematically collected. the aim of this study was to verify the real frequency of heart involvement in patients with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection, and whether infants with mild or moderate disease also risk heart malfunction.201020969802
a fluorescence polarization assay using an engineered human respiratory syncytial virus f protein as a direct screening platform.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) typically affects newborns and young children. even though it can cause severe and, in some cases, lifelong respiratory infections, there are currently no food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapeutics that control this virus. the hrsv f protein facilitates viral fusion, a critical extracellular event that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention by disrupting the assembly of a postfusion 6-helix bundle (6hb) within the hrsv f protein. here ...201020971054
respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bone marrow stromal cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. the pathophysiology of this infection in the respiratory system has been studied extensively, but little is known about its consequences in other systems. we studied whether rsv infects human bone marrow stromal cells (bmsc) in vitro and in vivo, and investigated whether and how this infection affects bmsc structure and hematopoietic support function. primary human bmsc were infected in vitro ...201020971883
serum antibodies critically affect virus-specific cd4+/cd8+ t cell balance during respiratory syncytial virus infections.following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), reinfection in healthy individuals is common and presumably due to ineffective memory t cell responses. in peripheral blood of healthy adults, a higher cd4(+)/cd8(+) memory t cell ratio was observed compared with the ratio of virus-specific effector cd4(+)/cd8(+) t cells that we had found in earlier work during primary rsv infections. in mice, we show that an enhanced ratio of rsv-specific neutralizing to nonneutralizing abs profoundly ...201020971927
interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ polymorphisms enhance cytokine production by human macrophages exposed to respiratory viruses.interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ (il-6⁻¹⁷⁴) and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ (tnfα⁻³⁰⁸) are high-cytokine-producing genotypes that are known to increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases, but their influence on cytokine production induced by respiratory viruses is unknown. we exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages from il-6⁻¹⁷⁴, tnfα⁻³⁰⁸, and normal genotype donors to different respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulation was associated with higher il-6 concentrations in il-6⁻¹ ...201020973681
surface display of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins in lactococcus lactis nz9000.a system for displaying heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis nz9000 was developed.201020973806
unusual viral ligand with alternative interactions is presented by hla-cw4 in human respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.short viral antigens bound to human major histocompatibility complex (hla) class i molecules are presented on infected cells. vaccine development frequently relies on synthetic peptides to identify optimal hla class i ligands. however, when natural peptides are analyzed, more complex mixtures are found. by immunoproteomics analysis, we identify in this study a physiologically processed hla ligand derived from the human respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein that is very different from what w ...201020975736
[rnai-based medicine]. 201020976936
recurrent wheezing in the third year of life among children born at 32 weeks' gestation or later: relationship to laboratory-confirmed, medically attended infection with respiratory syncytial virus during the first year of life.to quantify the relationship between recurrent wheezing (rw) in the third year of life and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, prematurity, and neonatal oxygen exposure.201020921348
genetic susceptibility to the delayed sequelae of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection is mhc dependent.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory morbidity, resulting in hospitalization for bronchiolitis in some infected infants that is associated with wheeze in later life. genetic factors are known to affect the severity of the sequelae after rsv infection, but the complexity of the temporal and genetic effects makes it difficult to analyze this response in studies in man. therefore, we developed a murine genetic model to analyze the sequelae occurring after rsv infection ...201020921522
the use of antimicrobial agents after diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults: antibiotics or anxiolytics?because extensive antibiotic use by inpatients has been associated with the development of multidrug-resistant organisms, we aimed to determine which variables were associated with the use of antibiotics after viral respiratory tract infection diagnosis among adult patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms.201020923284
transforming growth factor beta is a major regulator of human neonatal immune responses following respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. previous studies have suggested that t-cell responses may contribute to rsv immunopathology, which could be driven by dendritic cells (dcs). dcs are productively infected by rsv, and during rsv infections, there is an increase of dcs in the lungs with a decrease in the blood. pediatric populations are particularly susceptible to severe rsv infections; however, dc responses to rsv from pediatric populations have not be ...201020926560
coupled nucleotide and mucin hypersecretion from goblet cell metaplastic human airway epithelium.adenosine triphosphate (atp) and its metabolite adenosine regulate airway mucociliary clearance via activation of purinoceptors. in this study, we investigated the contribution of goblet cells to airway epithelial atp release. primary human bronchial epithelial (hbe) cultures, typically dominated by ciliated cells, were induced to develop goblet cell metaplasia by infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or treatment with interleukin-13 (il-13). under resting conditions, goblet cell meta ...201020935191
respiratory syncytial virus is associated with an inflammatory response in lungs and architectural remodeling of lung-draining lymph nodes of newborn lambs.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. the understanding of neonatal rsv pathogenesis depends on using an animal model that reproduces neonatal rsv disease. previous studies from us and others demonstrated that the neonatal lamb model resembles human neonatal rsv infection. here, we provide an extensive and detailed characterization of the histopathology, viral load, cellular infiltration, and cytokine production in lung ...201020935230
[respiratory syncytial virus]. 201020942089
evaluation of a synthetic peptide as a replacement for the recombinant fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus in a potency elisa.this report describes the development of a potency elisa using a peptide derived from the motavizumab binding epitope of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f-protein. motavizumab is an antibody therapeutic studied for the prevention of rsv disease. it binds to the rsv glycoprotein f (f-protein), blocking the ability of rsv to fuse with target cells. this binding is the basis for a potency elisa, however, due to inefficient f-protein production, development of an alternative ligand for the potency ...201020943340
rebuttal: palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 201020944037
decreased toll-like receptor 8 expression and lower tnf-α synthesis in infants with acute rsv infection.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are part of the innate immune system, able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate immune system upon pathogen challenge. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a rna virus particularly detrimental in infancy. it could cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and recurrent infections related to inadequate development of anti-viral immunity. the reason could be inadequate multiple tlrs engagement, including tlr8 in recognition of single-strand ...201020946625
meta-analysis of passive immunoprophylaxis in paediatric patients at risk of severe rsv infection.to review respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), passive immunoprophylaxis (pi) trials and meta-analysis (ma).201020950412
age related changes in t cell mediated immune response and effector memory to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in healthy subjects.abstract: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major pathogen causing respiratory disease in young infants and it is an important cause of serious illness in the elderly since the infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. in order to explain this phenomenon, we investigated whether healthy adults of different age (20-40; 41-60 and > 60 years), have differences in central and effector memory, rsv-specific cd8+ t cell memory immune response and regulatory t cell express ...201020961416
ikkε modulates rsv-induced nf-κb-dependent gene transcription.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a negative-strand rna virus, is the most common cause of epidemic respiratory disease in infants and young children. rsv infection of airway epithelial cells induces the expression of immune/inflammatory genes through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb). in this study we have investigated the role of the non canonical iκb kinase (ikk)ε in modulating rsv-induced nf-κb activation. our results show that inhibiti ...201020961594
a protein transduction domain located at the nh2-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein for delivery of active molecules to cells.protein transduction domains (ptds) are small peptides, able to penetrate biological membranes and deliver various types of cargo both in vitro and in vivo. because use of ptds originating from viral origins resulted in undesired effects, ptds originating from non-viral origins are needed. here, we report that a 10-amino acid peptide (miiyrdlish) derived from the nh(2)-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) functions as a ptd. this peptide was internalized through lipi ...201020863558
creola bodies in infancy with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis predict the development of asthma.creola bodies (crbs) in the sputum are an indicator of respiratory epithelial damage and appear specifically in bronchial asthma. we studied the presence and clinical significance of crbs in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis contributing to the development of asthma.201020864800
noninvasive monitoring of respiratory viruses in wild chimpanzees.to diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from taï national park, côte d'ivoire. samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (march 2004 and february 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (october 2004 and august 2005). fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) ...201020865440
etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in turkey; a multicentric, cross-sectional study.this cross-sectional study was intended to investigate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients receiving no prior antibiotic therapy. etiological agents were identified in 137 (62.8%) of 218 patients, the most frequent being streptococcus pneumoniae (14.7%), mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (10.1%). a single pathogen was detected in 50.9% of cases and mixed pathogens in 11.9%. typical pathogens were determined in 35.8% of cases, atypical ...201020865563
nationwide survey of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children who do not meet indications for palivizumab in japan.in japan, palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), has been available since 2002. however, its use is limited to children at risk of severe rsv infection, with specific criteria that have been validated in large-scale clinical studies. the pharmaceutical committee of the japan pediatric society established a committee to conduct a nationwide questionnaire survey to determine which diseases place children at risk of severe rsv infection and requ ...201020872156
therapeutic targeting of respiratory syncytial virus g-protein.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and an important pathogen of the elderly and immune suppressed. the only intervention currently available is a monoclonal antibody against the rsv fusion protein, which has shown utility as a prophylactic for high-risk premature infants, but which has not shown postinfection therapeutic efficacy in the specific rsv-infected populations studied. thus, for the major susceptible populat ...201020874649
immunohistochemical assessment of respiratory viruses in necropsy samples from lethal non-pandemic seasonal respiratory infections.acute respiratory infections are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, and viruses have often been reported to be an aetiological agent. this study aimed to identify respiratory viruses in paraffin-embedded samples of paediatric lung necropsy specimens, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides.201020876328
how innate immune mechanisms contribute to antibody-enhanced viral infections.preexisting antibodies may enhance viral infections. in dengue, nonneutralizing antibodies raised by natural infection with one of four dengue viruses (denvs) may enhance infection with a different virus by a process we term "intrinsic antibody-dependent enhancement" (iade). in addition, nonprotective antibodies raised by formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus vaccines have led to enhanced disease during breakthrough infections. infections under iade conditions ...201020876821
molecular detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory disease in iran.viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. the implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. this study was undertaken on iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection.201020879092
structure of a major antigenic site on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein in complex with neutralizing antibody 101f.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and elderly people. currently there is no effective vaccine against rsv, but passive prophylaxis with neutralizing antibodies reduces hospitalizations. to investigate the mechanism of antibody-mediated rsv neutralization, we undertook structure-function studies of monoclonal antibody 101f, which binds a linear epitope in the rsv fusion glycoprotein. crystal structures of the 101f antigen-binding fragment ...201020881049
a survey of pediatric ward hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection after the introduction of palivizumab to high risk infants in japan.background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization during a winter season among infants and young children. in 2002 palivizumab was introduced to high risk infants for rsv hospitalization in japan. thus, it is important to characterize the hospitalized children due to rsv infection after the introduction of palivizumab. method: a survey was conducted to collect the data from the hospitalized children at 12 participate hospitals during the winter season in ...201020854284
molecular monitoring of causative viruses in child acute respiratory infection in endemo-epidemic situations in shanghai.numerous viruses are responsible for respiratory infections; however, both their distribution and genetic diversity, in a limited area and a population subgroup, have been studied only rarely during a sustained period of time.201020855230
nk cell deficiency predisposes to viral-induced th2-type allergic inflammation via epithelial-derived il-25.severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has long been associated with an increased risk for the development of childhood asthma and exacerbations of this disorder. despite much research into the induction of th2 responses by allergens and helminths, the factors associated with viral infection that predispose to th2-regulated asthma remain unknown. recently, clinical studies have shown reduced numbers of nk cells in infants suffering from a severe rsv infection. here we demonstrate tha ...201020855881
coinfection with ebv/cmv and other respiratory agents in children with suspected infectious mononucleosis.numerous studies have shown that epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) can infect immunocompetent patients simultaneously with other agents. nonetheless, multiple infections with other agents in ebv/cmv-infected children have received little attention. we conducted a retrospective study of children with suspected infectious mononucleosis. peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect ebv, cmv and other respiratory agents including respiratory syncyt ...201020858235
use of a highly sensitive strand-specific quantitative pcr to identify abortive replication in the mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus disease.the balb/c mouse is commonly used to study rsv infection and disease. however, despite the many advantages of this well-characterised model, the inoculum is large, viral replication is restricted and only a very small amount of virus can be recovered from infected animals. a key question in this model is the fate of the administered virus. is replication really being measured or is the model measuring the survival of the virus over time? to answer these questions we developed a highly sensitive ...201020860795
immunomodulation with il-4r alpha antisense oligonucleotide prevents respiratory syncytial virus-mediated pulmonary disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. severe rsv infections in infants cause bronchiolitis, wheeze, and/or cough and significantly increase the risk for developing asthma. rsv pathogenesis is thought to be due to a th2-type immune response initiated in response to rsv infection, specifically in the infant. using a neonatal mouse system as an appropriate model for human infants, we sought to determine whether local inhibition of il-4rα ...201020861354
single and multiple viral infections in lower respiratory tract infection.lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) often leads to hospitalization, and it was indicated that causative viral infections are underestimated.201020861611
real-time detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a and b in respiratory specimens by use of nanoparticle probes.seasonal epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. infrequently, novel or reemergent strains of influenza a virus have caused rapid, severe global pandemics resulting in millions of fatalities. the ability to efficiently and accurately detect and differentiate respiratory viruses is paramount for effective treatment, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. we evaluated the ability of two fda-cleared nucl ...201020826644
childhood mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus. 201020833299
responses against a subdominant cd8+ t cell epitope protect against immunopathology caused by a dominant epitope.cd8(+) t cell responses are critical for the control of virus infections. following infection, epitope-specific responses establish an unpredictable but reproducible pattern of dominance that is dictated by a large number of both positive and negative factors. immunodomination, or diminution of subdominant epitope-specific responses by dominant epitopes, can play a substantial role in the establishment of epitope hierarchy. to determine the role of a dominant (k(d)m2(82-90)) and a subdominant (d ...201020833834
molecular characterization of adenoviruses from children presenting with acute respiratory disease in uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil, and detection of an isolate genetically related to feline adenovirus.human adenoviruses (hadv) are a major cause of acute respiratory diseases (ard), gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis and urinary infections. between november 2000-april 2007, a total of 468 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from children with ard at the clinics hospital of uberlândia. these samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and 3% (14/468) tested positive for the presence of hadv. by performing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect hadv dna in samples that tested ...201020835622
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna loads in peripheral blood correlates with disease severity in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is usually restricted to the respiratory epithelium. few studies have documented the presence of rsv in the systemic circulation, however there is no consistent information whether virus detection in the blood correlates with disease severity.201020843364
temporal association of streptococcus, staphylococcus, and parainfluenza pediatric hospitalizations and hospitalized cases of henoch-schönlein purpura.to determine if hospitalizations for specific infectious exposures are associated with hospital admissions for henoch-schönlein purpura (hsp).201020843903
respiratory syncytial virus induces host rna stress granules to facilitate viral replication.mammalian cell cytoplasmic rna stress granules are induced during various conditions of stress and are strongly associated with regulation of host mrna translation. several viruses induce stress granules during the course of infection, but the exact function of these structures during virus replication is not well understood. in this study, we showed that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induced host stress granules in epithelial cells during the course of infection. we also showed that stress ...201020844027
the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide pam3csk4 modulates respiratory syncytial virus infection independent of tlr activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute respiratory disease in infants, immunocompromised subjects and the elderly. however, it is unclear why most primary rsv infections are associated with relatively mild symptoms, whereas some result in severe lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis. since rsv hospitalization has been associated with respiratory bacterial co-infections, we have tested if bacterial toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists influence rsv-a2-gfp inf ...201020808895
severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children. 201020810371
severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children. 201020810372
human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in china.there are limited data on the prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in china. from december 2006 to march 2009, 894 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) were collected from children under 14 years of age with artis. samples were screened for hrsv and genotyped by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and sequencing. demographic and clinical information was recorded. a total of 38.14% ...201020810776
respiratory syncytial virus infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction.increasing evidences have shown that pathogens may promote atherosclerosis and trigger acute myocardial infarction (ami). there is no report on the association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and ami. the case-control study was used to assess the association of previous rsv infection and acute myocardial infarction.201020811272
neonates investigated for influenza-like illness during the outbreak of pandemic h1n1 2009: trivial infections but major triage implications.we report eight cases of neonates (from birth to 25 days) admitted to the neonatal service of a teaching hospital with influenza-like illness during the outbreak of pandemic h1n1 2009, and discuss their management and infection control issues. empirical antibiotics were often promptly initiated and timely stopped when sepsis was ruled out. also, there was no pandemic h1n1-09 but influenza a (h3n2, n = 1), parainfluenza (type 3, n = 3) and respiratory syncytial virus (n = 1) have been isolated. t ...201020814838
pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 and respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations.to determine the contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as the cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) associated hospitalizations during the first year of the influenza a(h1n1) 2009 pandemic and to assess the severity of illness during the second pandemic wave.201020816695
burden on uk secondary care of rotavirus disease and seasonal infections in children.rotavirus is a common infection affecting children under 5 years, which leads to a significant disease burden. this burden is potentially exacerbated by the seasonality of rotavirus, particularly in the context of the seasonality of other common childhood infections. the primary study objective was to describe the pattern and burden of seasonal infections amongst children under 5 years of age with particular attention placed on rotavirus and other gastrointestinal infections.201020818925
glycosylation is not necessary for recognition of the fusion glycoprotein domain of the human respiratory syncytial virus by a polyclonal antibody.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a leading pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. in line with the development of an effective vaccine against hrsv, a domain of the fusion (f) glycoprotein of hrsv was produced and its immunogenicity and antigenic properties, namely the effect of deficient glycosylation was examined. a his-tagged recombinant f (rf) protein was expressed in escherichia coli, solubilized with 8 mol/l urea, purified by ...201020822310
pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor in the cotton rat model.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, elderly persons, and severely immunocompromised patients. effective postinfection treatments are not widely available, and currently there is no approved vaccine. tmc353121 is a potent rsv fusion inhibitor in vitro, and its ability to reduce viral loads in vivo was demonstrated in cotton rats following prophylactic intravenous administration. here, the pharmacokinetics of tm ...201020823290
withdrawn: immunoglobulin treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalise hundreds of thousands of infants every year. treatment is largely supportive therapy, (for example, oxygen, fluids and occasionally mechanical ventilation). ribavirin, an antiviral agent, is licensed for severe rsv infection, although systematic reviews find it of no benefit. passive protection against rsv can be achieved through monthly intramuscular injections of the humanised monoclonal anti-rsv antibody palivizumab (sy ...201020824840
inefficient lymph node sensitization during respiratory viral infection promotes il-17-mediated lung pathology.development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has been suggested to enhance local antiviral immune responses; however, ectopic lymph node formation often corresponds to chronic inflammatory diseases. these studies investigated the role of ectopic pulmonary lymph nodes upon respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using ccr7-deficient mice, which develop bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue early in life. ccr7(-/-) mice exhibited impaired secondary lymph node formation, enhanced effector t ...201020805422
[infections with respiratory syncytial virus in north lebanon--prevalence during winter 2008].between 1 december 2007 and 31 may 2008, we analysed 120 nasopharyngeal swabs for the presence respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in 120 children aged 15 days to 6 years, hospitalized in 2 hospitals in north lebanon. of the 120 samples, 32 were positive (26.7%) for rsv. there was a peak in january which progressively disappeared from february to may. being positive for rsv was significantly associated with the presence of rhinorrhoea and dyspnoea as clinical symptoms and the absence of ...201020799555
respiratory morbidity in adulthood after respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infancy.a prospective >25-year follow-up study evaluated the outcome of patients hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at <24 months of age. questionnaires were sent to 51 study subjects and to population controls. self-reported asthma was present in 30% of the former rsv patients, compared with 3.8% of controls. in adjusted analyses, rsv hospitalization was an independent risk factor of adulthood asthma.201020803817
a sample-in-answer-out instrument for the detection of multiple respiratory pathogens in unprepared nasopharyngeal swab samples.multiplex rt-pcr suspension array assays provide a powerful tool for identifying the causative agent(s) of respiratory infections. these assays are time consuming and laborious on a time-per-sample basis if only a few samples require processing. to address this shortcoming and provide an automated solution for fast detection and identification of viral pathogens, we developed the first automated multiplex rt-pcr suspension array instrument capable of handling unprepared clinical samples. the ins ...201020596587
lipopeptide-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus virosomes: a safe and immunogenic non-replicating vaccine formulation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in children and the elderly. there is no registered rsv vaccine. early experimental non-replicating vaccines have been found to exacerbate rsv symptoms upon infection causing enhanced respiratory disease. here we show that immunization of mice with reconstituted virosomes produced from rsv envelopes and containing the lipopeptide adjuvant (p3csk4), induces high-titer virus-neutralizing antibodies, and the secretion of ifn-gamma ...201020600502
roles of the respiratory syncytial virus trailer region: effects of mutations on genome production and stress granule formation.the 5' extragenic trailer region of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to be necessary for genome replication, but is more than three times the length of the 3' leader replication promoter, raising the possibility that trailer might play an additional role in viral replication. to examine this, mutant recombinant viruses were constructed in which the trailer region was truncated or substituted with leader-complement sequence. this analysis showed that the complete trailer increased promo ...201020701943
toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a determinant of respiratory virus entry and tropism.respiratory viruses exert a heavy toll of morbidity and mortality worldwide. despite this burden there are few specific treatments available for respiratory virus infections. since many viruses utilize host cell enzymatic machinery such as protein kinases for replication, we determined whether pharmacological inhibition of kinases could, in principle, be used as a broad antiviral strategy for common human respiratory virus infections. a panel of green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing recombi ...201020702616
palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection.question: palivizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is available for prevention of pediatric respiratory tract infections. what are the indications for its use and can it be used for treatment of rsv infections? answer: most infants should not be considered for rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab. the drug is approved for use for different indications in different canadian provinces. the drug should be administered only in the context of infants most vulnera ...201020705882
tlr4 asp299gly and thr399ile polymorphisms: no impact on human immune responsiveness to lps or respiratory syncytial virus.a broad variety of natural environmental stimuli, genotypic influences and timing all contribute to expression of protective versus maladaptive immune responses and the resulting clinical outcomes in humans. the role of commonly co-segregating toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms asp299gly and thr399ile in this process remains highly controversial. moreover, what differential impact these polymorphisms might have in at risk populations with respiratory dysfu ...201020711470
microbiological and pathological examination of fatal calf pneumonia cases induced by bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens.the infectious origin of fatal cases of calf pneumonia was studied in 48 calves from 27 different herds on postmortem examination. lung tissue samples were examined by pathological, histological, bacterial culture, virus isolation and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of viral and bacterial infections. pneumonia was diagnosed in 47/48 cases and infectious agents were found in 40/47 (85%) of those cases. the presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 23/40 (57.5%) cases indicated t ...201020713325
[rapid detection of novel influenza a virus and seasonal influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) viruses by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp)].reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay we developed detects novel influenza a (h1n1) of swine origin and seasonal influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) viruses. individual primer sets targeting the ha gene for novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2 were newly designed to specifically detect these subtypes. no cross-reactions occurred among novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2, and 7 respiratory viruses-influenza b virus, influenza c virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneum ...201020715552
molecular and demographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients admitted to king chulalongkorn memorial hospital, thailand, 2007.to preliminary preview the molecular character and its possible clinical correlation of rsv subgroups in thailand.201020716160
inhibition of epithelial sodium channels by respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. infection of mice with rsv decreased sodium (na(+)) dependent alveolar fluid clearance (afc), resulting in increased lung water content and hypoxemia. rsv infection resulted in higher levels of pyrimidines and purines in the alveolar space. intratracheal administration of utp or udp also decreased afc. the effects of rsv on afc and oxygen saturation of balb/c mice we ...201020716287
role of human coronavirus nl63 in hospitalized children with croup.human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63) has recently been implicated as a common cause of croup in children. this study was performed to evaluate viruses associated with croup in children, with an emphasis on hcov-nl63.201020720471
synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-ones.a new series of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones were prepared through schiff base formation of 3-amino-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-one with various substituted carbonyl compounds. their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral studies. cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated against herpes simplex virus-1 (kos), herpes simplex virus-2 (g), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus-1 tk- kos acvr, para influenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, sind ...201020724039
studies recommending palivizumab restriction have serious deficiencies. 201020726681
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