Publications

[in vivo study of the protective action of the splenocytes from cba strain mice immunized with an inactivated nonconcentrated rabies vaccine].	an inactivated unconcentrated rabies vaccine was demonstrated to induce the production of t-killers which in adoptive transfer protect 38-43% of recipients challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus. the production of t-killers depends on the dose and schedule of the antigen inoculation. t-killers in vivo were strictly specific and manifested their protective effect only in syngeneic but not in allogeneic system.	1986	3493590
binding of rabies virus to purified torpedo acetylcholine receptor.	the binding of 125i- and 35s-labeled rabies virus (cvs strain) to affinity-purified acetylcholine receptor from torpedo electric organ was demonstrated. the binding of rabies virus to the acetylcholine receptor increased with increasing receptor concentration, was dependent on the ph of the incubation medium, and was saturable with increasing virus concentration. binding of radioactively labeled virus was effectively competed by unlabeled homologous virus particles. binding of 35s-labeled rabies ...	1986	3828757
the early kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response after booster immunizations with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	persons immunized in developing countries were recently shown to have low titers after pre-exposure immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). an investigation into the response to hdcv boosters was conducted to determine if immunologic sensitization had occurred and if there was a response difference in persons immunized in and outside of the united states. intramuscular (im) booster doses of vaccine were administered to 113 persons previously immunized outside the united state ...	1986	3706630
an effective economical intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccination for post-exposure treatment.	a closely-spaced multisite intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) was evaluated in 39 patients after low-risk exposure to rabies, in comparison to full-dose intramuscular hdcv and sheep brain-derived rabies (semple) vaccine. the regimen consisted of four intradermal injections, 0.1 ml each of hdcv on days 0, 3 and 7, followed by two booster doses of only 0.1 ml each on days 28 and 91 administered intradermally. although the total amount of hdcv used in this intradermal r ...	1986	3708902
[serologic studies of rabies vaccination in dogs in switzerland].		1986	3715447
immune responses of mice to inactivated rabies vaccine administered orally: potentiation by quillaja saponin.	administered orally, quillaja saponin markedly potentiated the humoral immune responses of mice fed inactivated rabies vaccine, and significantly increased their resistance to subsequent intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. although mean serum neutralizing antibody titres were generally 8- to 16-fold higher when vaccine was given intraperitoneally, orally administered vaccine, with saponin, stimulated production of high protective antibody levels that were maintained for at least 6 mo ...	1986	3719460
[specific antibodies and selected immunologic indicators in persons vaccinated under short-program rabies vaccination].		1986	3719643
rabies in insectivorous bats of western canada, 1979 to 1983.	a total of 1,745, 362, and 536 bats collected in alberta, british columbia, and saskatchewan, respectively, was tested for rabies virus between 1979 and 1983. only one (0.1%) of 769 bats collected at random from buildings was infected with rabies virus in contrast to 95 (5%) of 1,874 symptomatic, rabies-suspect bats submitted for testing. the pattern of infection in the rabies-suspect bats was similar in alberta and saskatchewan, but differed in british columbia. rabies was diagnosed in four spe ...	1986	3735577
oral vaccination of the fox against rabies using a live recombinant vaccinia virus.	rabies, a viral disease affecting all warm-blooded animals, is prevalent in most parts of the world, where it propagates amongst wild animals, particularly the fox and dog. the public health and economic consequences of infection in man and livestock are well known. attempts to control the disease by vaccinating wild carnivores with inactivated or attenuated rabies virus remain controversial, and we have instead evaluated here the potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus to protect foxes agains ...	1986	3736663
[fatal rabies virus infection in humans].		1986	3743444
survey of raccoon hunters for rabies antibody titers: pilot study.		1986	3746238
pleomorphism of fine structure of rabies virus in human and experimental brain.	identification of the negri bodies in the brain of an 8-year-old boy who died 8 days after a paralytic illness and 20 days after a dog bite, and who had received 9 injections of semple's anti-rabies vaccine, provided evidence that he died of acute rabies encephalitis and not of post-vaccinal allergic encephalomyelitis. the negri bodies in the human subject and those seen in the inoculated mouse differed in their morphological structure: the former consisted of a matrix of very fine granular mate ...	1986	3760910
avianized rabies virus infection in mice.		1986	3761776
[long-term persistence of the rabies virus at inoculation sites in an experiment on hibernating rodents].		1986	3765572
cloning of rabies virus matrix protein mrna and determination of its amino acid sequence.	a cdna clone of mrna for rabies virus matrix (m) protein has been identified. the clone hybridizes to an mrna species from rabies virus-infected cells, whose size correlates to the size of the m protein in rabies virions, and selects an mrna that translates into a polypeptide corresponding in size to m protein. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cdna was determined and from this a complete amino acid sequence for m protein was deduced. the deduced sequence of 202 amino acids bears no detectab ...	1986	3765822
major antigenic groups of rabies virus in canada determined by anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies.	a total of 123 rabies virus isolates from various geographical areas in canada were characterized by a panel of 43 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. four major antigenic groups are found in terrestrial mammals: "canadian arctic" from ontario, quebec and the northwest territories; "south-eastern georgian bay" from ontario; "south mid-central skunk" from alberta, saskatchewan and manitoba; and "brook's, alberta skunk" from a restricted area in alberta. bat isolates can be divided into 4 maj ...	1986	3769442
[does rabies return by air to the scandinavian countries?].		1986	3774519
preparation of & comparison between whole cell & sonicated sheep brain antirabies vaccine.		1986	3781589
experimental rabies: ultrastructural quantitative analysis of the changes in the sciatic nerve.	to study the pathology of peripheral nerves in experimental rabies infection, street rabies virus ws inoculated into the right footpad of two groups of mice, a and b, which received, respectively, 10(4.5) ld50 and 10(3.5) ld50 of the virus. paralysis was observed in 60% of animals of group a and 20% of group b. the main ultrastructural abnormality present in the sciatic nerves was degeneration of about 40% of myelinated axons. only occasional unmyelinated axons were degenerated. figures were sim ...	1986	3792512
validation of an in vitro assay for the determination of rabies antigen.	the modified antibody binding test, an in vitro method, was validated by a number of studies and was used as a reliable method for in process controls in the manufacture of rabies vaccines for man and animals over the last 6 years. a calculation was made showing the number of laboratory mice which were not needed for animal experiments because these were substituted by the in vitro method mentioned above.	1986	3792659
alternatives for potency testing of veterinary vaccines: rabies vaccine as a model.	optimum information about potency of a vaccine is achieved by a protection test on the target animal species. however, application of this procedure to routine batch control requires a great number of target animals. in order to reduce the number of such animals, laboratory animal tests or in vitro tests have to be established. these tests must be correlated to target animal protection tests allowing the estimation of the vaccine potency with the same accuracy. with respect to testing the potenc ...	1986	3792660
[comparative assessment of the neurovirulence of vaccinal strains of the rabies virus].	neurovirulence of three vaccine strains of rabies virus ("moscow", "vnukovo-32", and "mivp-74") was studied in mice using pathomorphology data. after intracerebral inoculations changes in the cns were similar. the presence and the degree of the involvement of the ammon horn is the main indicator of the infectious activity of the strain. the disease and death of the animals after inoculation with an attenuated strain may be due to the damage of intermediate neurons of descending projection tracts ...	1986	3798910
effects of corticosteroids mediated immunosuppression on the distribution of rabies vaccine virus in red foxes orally immunized against rabies.		1986	3799101
electrophysiological and sleep alterations in experimental mouse rabies.	changes in the spontaneous brain electrical activity and sleep organization were investigated in 5 mice strains during the evolution of experimental fixed rabies infection. cortical electrodes were chronically implanted for continuous eeg recording and spectral analysis until death. three evolutionary phases were individualized. the initial phase exhibited alterations of sleep stages, rem sleep disappearance, pseudoperiodic facial myoclonus and first clinical signs. the mature phase was characte ...	1986	3801886
[rabies, an old problem, new solutions. synthesis].		1986	3802367
infection of cultured rat myotubes and neurons from the spinal cord by rabies virus.	rabies virus multiplication was investigated in cultured primary rat myotubes and neurons. the susceptibility of these two cell types to fixed rabies challenge virus strain (cvs) was monitored by fluorescence and virus titration. differentiated rat myotubes were susceptible to rabies virus infection, and showed an increasing accumulation of viral material from day one to day four. however, these cells did not release infective viral particles, nor did they accumulate infectious virions in the cy ...	1986	3510273
antibody response to preexposure human diploid-cell rabies vaccine given concurrently with chloroquine.	we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the antibody response of freshman veterinary students to intradermal human diploid-cell rabies vaccine administered concurrently with chloroquine, a drug frequently used for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. fifty-one students who had not been vaccinated against rabies were enrolled: 26 received 300 mg of chloroquine base per week (the recommended dose for malaria prophylaxis); 25 did not receive chloroquine and served as controls. all subje ...	1986	3510393
experimentally induced rabies in four cats inoculated with a rabies virus isolated from a bat.	four cats were inoculated im with rabies virus isolated from the salivary gland of a naturally infected big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus). the 4 cats developed clinical signs of rabies after a median incubation period of 42 days. the median duration of clinical illness was 5 days. results of fluorescent antibody evaluation, mouse inoculation, and tissue culture isolation indicated large differences in virus concentrations in various areas of the cns of individual cats. these differences also were ...	1986	3516030
rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the united states, 1971-1984: increased cases in the woodchuck (marmota monax) in mid-atlantic states.	a review of surveillance data on animal rabies from the centers for disease control revealed 104 cases of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs for 1971 through 1984 in the united states; 80% of these were reported between 1980 and 1984. woodchucks (marmota monax) accounted for 64% of the cases. most of the cases of rabies in woodchucks were associated with an epizootic of rabies in raccoons (procyon lotor) in the mid-atlantic states. in rabies endemic areas, humans exposed to woodchucks should recei ...	1986	3520029
absence of prenatal infection of bats with rabies virus.		1986	3520031
stability of immunofluorescence reactions produced by polyclonal and monoclonal antibody conjugates for rabies virus.	we investigated two consumer complaints that described fading of immunofluorescence reactions associated with the use of a commercial antirabies, fluorescein-labeled, monoclonal antibody conjugate. we compared the performance of this product with that of two polyclonal antibody antirabies conjugates and observed significant diminution of fluorescence with the monoclonal antibody conjugate only. furthermore, the fading occurred only on tissue impressions that had been mounted but not exposed to u ...	1986	3528216
use of immunofluorescence examination to detect rabies virus antigen in the skin of humans with clinical encephalitis.		1986	3528322
the influence of the type of immunosorbent on rabies antibody eia; advantages of purified glycoprotein over whole virus.	two types of in vitro assay (enzyme immunoassay and sero-neutralization test) for the titration of rabies antibodies were used to assay sera from mice and humans immunized with cell culture vaccines or neural tissue vaccines. enzyme immunoassays (eia) were performed in plates sensitized with whole virus, purified glycoprotein or purified nucleocapsid. neutralizing antibody titres were determined by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (refit) and by an in vitro seroneutralization test inc ...	1986	3531213
a rapid rabies enzyme immuno-diagnosis (rreid): a useful and simple technique for the routine diagnosis of rabies.	a rapid rabies enzyme immuno-diagnosis (rreid) technique has been developed. this technique for the diagnosis of rabies was performed in microplates which had been previously sensitized with igg to purified antinucleocapsids. suspensions of homogenized material were incubated in the plate and the specific binding of rabies antigen was revealed by the use of the same igg conjugated with peroxidase. with the rreid technique it was possible to detect rabies antigens in brain specimens with the same ...	1986	3531215
[use of the capture antibody method for the detection of the presence of igm in the sera of persons immunized against rabies].		1986	3531742
[usefulness of the indirect immunofluorescence method in the serological diagnosis of rabies].		1986	3531743
[evaluation of an antirabies conjugate by titration using various fluorescent microscopes].		1986	3532282
[detection of rabies virus antibodies in human blood serum by an immunoenzyme method].	in a coded experiment on rabies virus antibody detection in the blood sera of humans immunized with rabies vaccines, coincidence of the results of indirect elisa, neutralization test and radial hemolysis test (rht) was observed in 83% and 90% of the cases. the correlation coefficient of antibody titres in elisa and nt was r = +0.75, elisa and rht r = +0.81. instances of discrepancy of the results were observed with sera of low titres, no more than 1:50 by neutralization test.	1986	3532544
[persistent infection with rabies virus].		1986	3535239
[rapid technics for the laboratory diagnosis of rabies].		1986	3535707
an evaluation of second generation tissue culture rabies vaccines for use in man: a four-vaccine comparative immunogenicity study using a pre-exposure vaccination schedule and an abbreviated 2-1-1 postexposure schedule.	in a double-blind comparative trial the immunogenicity of three new tissue culture rabies vaccines was evaluated, using a commercial human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) lot as the reference. two different vaccination regimens, a pre-exposure schedule, and an abbreviated 2-1-1 postexposure schedule (two doses of the vaccine applied bilaterally on day 0, with subsequent single doses given on days 7 and 21) were employed. in both, two of the new vaccines, purified chick embryo cell vaccine and purifi ...	1986	3541428
walking along the rabies genome: is the large g-l intergenic region a remnant gene?	rabies cdna clones, obtained by "walking along the genome" using two successive dna primers, have allowed the sequence determination of the genes encoding the n, m1, m2, g, and the beginning of the l protein as well as the rabies intergenic regions. start and stop transcription signals located at the border of each gene encoding a protein have been identified and are similar to the corresponding signals from vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sendai virus. except for limited stretches of the n ...	1986	3459163
oral immunization and protection of raccoons (procyon lotor) with a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine.	animal rabies control has been frustrated by the existence of multiple wildlife reservoirs and the lack of efficacious oral vaccines. in this investigation, raccoons fed a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus in a sponge bait developed rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (0.6-54.0 units) and resisted street rabies virus infection 28 and 205 days after feeding. additional raccoons immunized by oral infusion with attenuated antigenic variants of rabies virus strains cvs-11 and era failed ...	1986	3464010
[rabies. i. principal characteristics of the etiologic agent and the disease].		1986	2446349
from jenner to jerne: towards idiotype vaccines.		1986	2422113
isolation and characterization of human t cell lines and clones reactive to rabies virus: antigen specificity and production of interferon-gamma.	by using a preparation of inactivated rabies virus, the blood mononuclear cells from five rabies vaccine recipients were stimulated in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2. t cell lines that displayed significant proliferative responses to whole rabies virus and to preparations of rabies glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were obtained from all the individuals. other antigens, such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, influenza a virus, hepatitis b surface antigen, and serum albumin, failed to induce ...	1986	2416820
sequences of the major antibody binding epitopes of the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.	a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the indiana strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-ind) were used to select nonbinding vsv-ind mutants. in addition, virus was passaged against high titered polyclonal antisera to select for poorly neutralized virus mutants. nucleic acid sequencing localized mutations in the surface spike glycoprotein (g protein) sequence which were associated with decreased neutralization by polyclonal antisera and with nonbinding by ...	1986	2417417
neutralization of interferon produced early during rabies virus infection in mice.	inoculation of mice (strain c3h/he) with a purified preparation of fixed rabies virus led to the production of interferon with two different peaks of activity detectable in the plasma: an early peak 24 h after inoculation followed by another peak on the 7th day after infection. the level of splenic 2-5a synthetase was enhanced in parallel with the pattern of interferon activity. neutralization of the first peak of interferon activity by anti-mouse alpha/beta interferon globulin blocked the induc ...	1986	2418153
absence of myelin basic protein in an improved purified duck embryo rabies vaccine.	the encephalitogenic potential of rabies vaccines prepared from nervous tissue is a result of the presence of myelin basic protein. vaccines prepared from duck embryos are economical and efficient, but, occasionally, cases of allergic encephalomyelitis have been reported. an improved rabies vaccine has been developed that contains the classical pitman moore strain of rabies virus grown in embryonated duck eggs. this vaccine has been highly purified and enriched in immunologically effective rabie ...	1986	2425309
antigenic variation in rabies virus strains.	several rabies virus isolates from small wild rodents, one strain isolated from a fox and another from a cat, as well as the cvs strain were compared in cross-protection and virus-neutralization tests. antigenic variations between the strains and between different batches of individual strains were found. these antigenic differences could not be explained by denaturation caused by uv irradiation or deep-freeze storage, by the presence of "incomplete" particles or by passage in immune organism. a ...	1986	2429535
demonstration of antigenic variation among rabies virus isolates by using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins.	rabies virus isolates from terrestrial animals in six areas of the united states were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins. characteristic differences in immunofluorescence reactions permitted the formation of four antigenically distinct reaction groups from the 231 isolates tested. the geographic distribution of these groups corresponded well with separate rabies enzootic areas recognized by surveillance of sylvatic rabies in the united states. distinctive rea ...	1986	2429983
axonal transport of rabies virus in the central nervous system of the rat.	stereotaxic inoculation of rabies virus into specific nuclei in the central nervous system has been used for the investigation of the central neural transport mechanisms of viral information. the infection was monitored by specific fluorescence and peroxidase studies and the titration of viral infectivity in dissected brain areas. twenty-four hours after inoculation into the striatum, cortex, or substantia nigra, infected neurons were detected only in cells from areas and nuclei which were relat ...	1986	2430067
[avirulent mutants of the rabies virus: change in site iii of the glycoprotein].	using antiglycoprotein neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, avirulent mutants of rabies virus have been selected. all these mutants have a change in the site iii of the glycoprotein: arginine 333 is replaced by either glutamine, or isoleucine, or glycine. the possibility of selecting avirulent mutants by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may allow to get live vaccines and to study the molecular basis of viral virulence.	1986	2430498
effect of inosiplex on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was studied in recipients of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). hdcv was administered intradermally at 8 different anatomical sites, 0.1 ml each, on day 0; followed by another 4-site injection on day 7. rabies antigen-stimulated in vitro proliferative response was evident as early as 7 days after starting immunization. it reached a peak on day 14 and had declined by day 28. the cellular proliferative response preceded and roughly co ...	1986	2437660
porcine rabies in a closed feeder barn.	rabies was diagnosed in a 40 kg pig from a closed feeder barn in which recently unexplained deaths of eight to ten pigs had occurred. a stray cat, probably crawling through a ventilation duct into the barn, was the suspected vector. over a four and one-quarter year period a disproportionate 53 cases of animal rabies had been diagnosed within a 5 km radius of the farm (13% of the cases in the county in 3% of the county area). histological lesions, mostly lymphocytic cuffing of blood vessels in th ...	1986	17422636
detection and sequence of plus-strand leader rna of sonchus yellow net virus, a plant rhabdovirus.	tobacco infected with the plant rhabdovirus sonchus yellow net virus (synv) contains short, 139- to 144-nucleotide (nt) transcripts complementary to the 3' terminus of the negative-strand genomic rna. these transcripts are similar to the leader rnas associated with several animal rhabdovirus infections in that they are encoded by the same region of the genome, but the synv transcripts are nearly 3 times longer than the animal rhabdovirus leader rnas. the synv leader rnas differ markedly in seque ...	1986	16593726
rabies virus binding to cellular membranes measured by enzyme immunoassay.	the binding of rabies virus to cellular membranes was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). virus binding to membranes adsorbed to the wells of microtiter plates was detected with rabies virus antibody and alkaline phosphatase-linked second antibody. the greatest degree of binding was to myotube, neuroblastoma, and salivary gland membranes; intermediate levels occurred in striated muscle and nerve membranes; and low levels of binding were found in other membranes, includin ...	1985	16758601
serologic and immune responses to rabies virus during different human treatments with tissue culture and suckling mouse brain vaccines.	the antibody response to rabies virus was studied in twenty volunteers immunized with different schemes of suckling mouse brain and human diploid cell culture rabies vaccines. throughout the study period, titers in serum neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody tests, as well as the class of immunoglobulins with antirabies activity, varied in different individuals with the treatment scheme and the antigenic potency of the vaccine. the results suggest that measurement of the igg class of ...	1985	2418604
lack of interferon induction in man by two rabies tissue culture vaccines.	both neutralising antibody and interferon play a part in protection of animals against death from rabies virus infection. interferon induction was therefore sought in 53 volunteers within 24 hours of receiving human diploid cell strain vaccine or fetal bovine kidney cell vaccine given either intramuscularly or intradermally. repeat observations were made in 18 subjects following a second dose of vaccine seven days later. no interferon was detected in any sample tested although no subject had any ...	1985	2424101
immunoperoxidase reaction in diagnosis of rabies.	the results obtained by staining impression smears prepared from rabies positive brains revealed that with seller's stain, negribodies were detected in 76.28% specimens, whereas direct fluorescent antibody technique (fat) and direct immunoperoxidase (ip) technique detected rabies antigen in 92.50% and 91.36% of brains respectively. this indicates that for giving rapid diagnosis seller's stain may be of value but negative result does not rule out positive result. direct fat and direct ip were fou ...	1985	2424857
[cultivation of the rabies virus in the continuous kidney cell line 4647 from the green marmoset].	continuous cells of green monkey kidney 4647 were found to be highly sensitive to three variants of the vnukovo-32 vaccine strain of rabies virus preliminarily adapted to the primary line of syrian hamster kidney cells. the virus litre increased with passages in the 4647 cell culture. the resulting virus variants had sufficient immunogenic potency. the time course of virus replication at a temperature of 32 degrees c was studied. the heteroploid cell line 4647 was found to be promising for manuf ...	1985	2408382
[effect of immunostimulants on the intensity of vaccinal antirabies immunity].	experiments in balb/c and cba mice demonstrated that among 5 immunopotentiators (rff2, a complex of polyguacylic and polycytidylic acids (gc), glucosomuramyldipeptide, levamisole, and dsrna) a significant immunostimulating effect on the intensity of rabies immunity to intracerebral challenge with street rabies virus was exerted by rff2 interferon inductor or by a combination of inosiplex + + gc + vaccine. a correlation between the immunostimulating and protective (therapeutic) activity of the dr ...	1985	2408383
cross protection of mice against different rabies virus isolates.	in an attempt to identify "atypical" strains which could account for vaccination failures, 10 street, one intermediate (dr19) and 4 fixed rabies virus isolates from men, cattle, dogs, cats, mongoose and vampire bats in five countries (argentina, brazil, chile, cuba, and france) were studied by cross-protection tests in mice. for the purpose of this study, any virus that killed more than 20% of the vaccinated mice challenged with that virus was considered "atypical". when the suckling mouse brain ...	1985	2409716
antigenic sites on the era rabies virus nucleoprotein and non-structural protein.	thirty-one monoclonal antibodies, specific for either the nucleoprotein (n) or the non-structural protein (ns; nucleocapsid-associated protein) of the nucleocapsid of the era strain of rabies virus, were used to investigate the topography of antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid complex. based on the results of a competitive enzyme immunoabsorbent assay using these antibodies, five spatially distinct antigenic sites were defined: three on the n protein (groups n i, n ii and n iii) and two on the n ...	1985	2413164
[human exposure to animal rabies in puerto rico, 1980-1983].		1985	3864449
in vivo interference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses.	the interference among viruses is a well-documented biological phenomenon, both in animals and tissue culture systems. in two of our previous in vivo experiments and in four independent animal experiments, which are described in this presentation, interferences were successfully used to influence the outcomes of viral diseases by using non-pathogenic viruses. in this study, four pathogenic viruses were studied in their natural hosts, and against these viruses, in different combinations, 15 non-p ...	1985	3868686
amplification of rabies virus-induced stimulation of human t-cell lines and clones by antigen-specific antibodies.	the effect of antigen-specific antibodies on the response of human t-cell lines and clones to rabies virus was studied. plasmas from rabies-immune vaccine recipients, but not those from nonimmune individuals, enhanced the proliferative response of rabies-reactive t cells to whole inactivated virus or to the purified glycoprotein and nucleocapsid from the rabies virion. rabies-immune plasma also increased the antigen-induced production of gamma interferon by the rabies-specific t-cell lines. expe ...	1985	3877176
biochemical analysis of rabies virus proteins in three persistently infected bhk-21 cell lines.	three bhk-21 cell lines persistently infected with the cvs strain of rabies virus were passaged for 2.5 years at 37 degrees c. these cells contained relatively stable amounts of n, m1 and l proteins. comparison of tryptic peptide maps of proteins from persistently infected (pi) cells and from purified virions did not reveal any changes in the n protein, whereas m1 had undergone several modifications. phosphorylation of m1 seemed to be greater in pi cells than in acutely infected cells, whereas p ...	1985	3881557
demonstration of rabies viral antigen in paraffin tissue sections: comparison of the immunofluorescence technique with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method.	the immunofluorescence technique and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method were used to demonstrate rabies antigen in a retrospective study on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues from 34 naturally infected wild and domestic animals. rabies was confirmed with immunofluorescent staining on fresh brain tissue at the time of necropsy of the animals. there was a perfect correlation (serial sections from a given brain area were always positive by both methods), but the peroxidase-antiperoxi ...	1985	3882030
on the replication and spread of rabies virus in the human central nervous system.	ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the brains of two autopsy cases of human rabies revealed: by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, viral antigens were present in all eosinophilic inclusions detected in formalin fixed paraffin sections. numerous antigenic masses, which apparently corresponded to the matrices and cylindrical particles in neurites revealed by electron microscopy, were present in the neuropil remote from neuronal perikarya. there were virions in the intercellular ...	1985	3882892
[results of using the elisa method in studying tick-borne encephalitis and rabies].	the results of using the indirect variant of elisa for the study of serum samples from humans and white mice for the presence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and rabies virus are presented. the high sensitivity and specificity of this method have been confirmed.	1985	3885648
the mouse neutralization test in comparison with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test: differences in the results in rabies antibody determinations.	sixteen lots of rabies immune globulin (rig) and six lots of rabies immune horse serum (ris) from different producers were examined for rabies antibody by the standard mouse neutralization test (mnt) and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). an equine rabies standard serum was assayed in parallel. in comparisons of ris with this standard the mnt and rffit gave comparable results. in comparisons of rig the antibody values in the mnt was two to ten times higher than that in the rffi ...	1985	3889002
[laboratory diagnosis in rabies].		1985	3890112
rabies virus binding at neuromuscular junctions.	morphological, immunocytochemical, biochemical, and immunological techniques have been used to describe rabies virus binding to a sub-cellular unit and molecular complex at the neuromuscular junction (nmj). early after infection in vivo, virus antigen and virus particles were found by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy in regions of high density acetylcholine receptors (achr) at nmjs. one monoclonal antibody (alpha-mab) to the alpha subunit of the achr blocked ...	1985	3890406
pathways of the early propagation of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from the eye to the brain.	penetration of the central nervous system of the adult rat by the cvs strain of rabies virus and its two avirulent derivatives av01 and av02 has been studied by inoculation of the virus into the anterior chamber of the eye. the primary sites of penetration of cvs were (i) the intraocular parasympathetic oculomotor fibers, (ii) the retinopetal fibers of pretectal origin, and (iii) the intraocular fibers of the ophthalmic nerve. the mutant strains, however, lost the capacity to invade the two form ...	1985	3892043
immunoperoxidase cell surface localization of rabies virus antigen in tissue cultures at a low viral multiplicity.		1985	3893349
antigenic variants of rabies virus in isolates from eastern, central and northern canada.	street rabies virus isolated from 51 specimens from ontario, quebec, manitoba and the northwest territories have been typed by a panel of 36 antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. three main groups were found. the first group comprised those terrestrial mammals originating in ontario, quebec and the northwest territories. the second group was found in terrestrial mammals from manitoba. the third heterogenous group was made up of bats from ontario.	1985	3893660
a rapid quantitative microtest for live, attenuated rabies vaccine.	a rapid fluorescent antigen test (rfat) was developed in microplates to evaluate quantitatively attenuated, live rabies vaccine, era strain, at different stages of vaccine manufacture. this technique is based on the principle of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). several samples of bulk rabies vaccine (era strain) were tested in parallel using the rfat and the mouse lethal dose 50 (m-ld50) test, the method currently used to evaluate vaccine potency. although the two tests were ...	1985	3897234
differences in cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic and apathogenic rabies virus in vivo and in vitro.	pathogenic parental rabies virus and apathogenic variant virus were shown to differ in their ability to infect neurons in vivo and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. after intracerebral inoculation, the distribution of infected neurons in the brain was similar for both viruses, but the rate of spread throughout the brain, the number of infected neurons, and the degree of cellular necrosis were much lower in the case of apathogenic virus. after adsorption to mouse neuroblastoma cells, apathogenic viru ...	1985	3897571
production of rabies vaccine by an industrial scale bhk 21 suspension cell culture process.	a process for the production of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animal use is described, whereby the lep flury strain of rabies virus is grown in 1 000 l cultures of bhk 21 suspension-adapted cells. the virus is inactivated with aziridine and, after concentration and purification by hollow fibre ultrafiltration, is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide gel. the bhk 21 suspension-adapted master cell seed used has satisfied all the requirements of the us code of federal regulations, title 9, (1977) f ...	1985	3899780
rabies encephalitis: immunohistochemical investigations.	three cases of human rabies encephalitis were studied immunohistochemically using a specific antiserum to rabies ribonucleoprotein (rnp) and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. in this way, rnp could be specifically demonstrated in all cerebral regions and the spinal cord with a predilection for virus attack on the diencephalon and the brain stem according to the clinical course of the disease, and possibly reflecting the phenomenon of pathoclisis. virus antigen was mainly present in the nerve ...	1985	3902307
direct immunoperoxidase test in the diagnosis of rabies--an alternative to fluorescent antibody test.	direct immunoperoxidase test was run parallel to fluorescent antibody test using known rabies-positive and negative materials. both the tests had 100.0% sensitivity and specificity when mice brain infected with cvs strain of rabies virus was used. with the field samples and the mice brains infected with these, the sensitivity of direct immunoperoxidase test and also of fluorescent antibody test dropped a little, giving an overall sensitivity of 95.3 and 99.0 percent respectively. the standardiza ...	1985	3902698
use of a monoclonal antibody for quantitation of rabies vaccine glycoprotein by enzyme immunoassay.	the use of a monoclonal antibody specific for the envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus has been used in a direct enzyme immunoassay to quantify the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in two kinds of cell culture. the results of this direct enzyme immunoassay are well correlated with the in vivo nih potency test. this test may be a useful tool to rapidly and accurately control the antigenic value of a vaccine. it could also be used for the "in process' control of vaccine production ...	1985	3902842
virulence of chick embryo fibroblast-passaged flury hep rabies virus and its revertants in mice.	chick embryo fibroblast-passaged flury high egg passage (hep) rabies virus failed to kill nude mice or cyclophosphamide-treated mice when inoculated intracerebrally. the virus regained neurovirulence for adult mice after three passages in mouse neuroblastoma c1300 cells (na cells). however, even after 20 passages in na cells, the virulence could not be increased to the level shown by the virus passaged several times in suckling mice. some physiological and biological properties of the virus show ...	1985	3906372
rabies virus in different segments of brain and spinal cord of naturally and experimentally infected dogs.	in order to determine the presence of rabies virus in different segments of central nervous system (cns) of rabid animals, 31 naturally infected dogs and 6 experimentally injected ones by masseter inoculation were studied by means of fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and mouse intracerebral inoculation (mi) test. in the naturally infected group, the positivity by fa technique was 100.0% for the segments of ammon's horn, cerebellum, bulb and for cervical, lumbar and sacral cord and 96.7%; for t ...	1985	3908355
modulation of immunity to rabies virus induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies.		1985	3910362
rabies postexposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine: lower neutralizing antibody titers with wyeth vaccine.		1985	3918250
a centennial celebration: pasteur and the modern era of immunization.	pasteur's injection of inactivated rabies virus into a 9-year-old child who had been bitten by a rabid dog in 1885 marked the beginning of the modern era of immunization. by 1890, rabies treatment centers had been established throughout the world. the basic pasteur treatment, based on brain tissue vaccine with the addition of formaldehyde, is still used in many countries. in the us and other developed countries, more potent, safer, but expensive cell culture-based rabies vaccines are combined ...	1985	3923322
rabies in the united states and canada, 1983.	primarily as a result of organized canine rabies vaccination, leash laws, and other preventive procedures aimed at the canine population, the number of rabid dogs decreased markedly in the last thirty years (figure 10). this decrease was accompanied by a similar marked reduction in human rabies (table 2, figure 11). as domestic animal rabies declined, rabies in wildlife increased. since 1958 the number of cases of rabid wildlife surpassed domestic rabies cases, and today they account for over 85 ...	1985	3932839
antigenic variants of cvs rabies virus with altered glycosylation sites.	the virion-associated glycoprotein of the cvs-11 strain of rabies virus exists in two forms, gi and gii, which differ in their carbohydrate content. the structural relationship between gi and gii is investigated in order to account for the difference in glycosylation. partial sequence analysis and mapping of tryptic glycopeptides isolated from the parent cvs-11 gi and gii glycoprotein forms revealed that two of the three predicted glycosylation sites (at asn-204 and asn-319) were utilized in the ...	1985	3966297
leads from the mmwr. rabies postexposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine: lower neutralizing antibody titers with wyeth vaccine.		1985	3974025
[vaccination against rabies: optimal combination of doses for vaccine injections].		1985	3988776
rabies virus interaction with various cell lines is independent of the acetylcholine receptor.	rabies virus infects most cells in vitro. the presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the plasma membrane of various cell lines is not an obligate factor for rabies virus susceptibility of those cells.	1985	3994518
persistent infection of rabies virus (hep-flury strain) in human neuroblastoma cells capable of producing interferon.	apparent interferon-mediated persistent infection of rabies virus (hep-flury strain) was established in a human neuroblastoma sym-i (clone k-104) cell line, which had the ability to produce interferon. this infection produced variable but small amounts of progeny virus and interferon (up to 100 iu/ml), and resisted superinfection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus as well as homologous rabies virus. the treatment of this infection with anti-interferon antibody stimulated vir ...	1985	3998711
a descriptive epidemiological study of raccoon rabies in a rural environment.	a recent outbreak of rabies in raccoons, procyon lotor (l.), in loudoun county, virginia (1981-82), prompted a study of the epidemiology of the disease. parameters studied included the occurrence and movement of the disease over time, sex and age relationships, and behavior patterns of raccoons. during the 18 mo, 427 raccoons were tested, of which 75% were infected with rabies virus. interpretation of rainfall data and the subsequent spatial occurrence of infected raccoons within the county indi ...	1985	3999245
changes recommended in use of human diploid cell rabies vaccine.		1985	3999343
pre-exposure rabies immunization with human diploid cell vaccine: decreased antibody responses in persons immunized in developing countries.	in november 1982, a u.s. peace corps volunteer in kenya completed pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis with a standard 3 dose intradermal (id) series of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). in may 1983, she was bitten by a dog and died of rabies 3 months later. an initial investigation revealed that the patient, as well as 9 of 11 others immunized at the same time, had no rabies antibody titers (less than 1:5). we therefore instituted investigations into the immunogenicity of pre-exposure hdcv b ...	1985	4003672
rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed): a new rabies vaccine using frhl-2 cells.	the frhl-2 cell line, a diploid line derived from the lung of a fetal rhesus monkey, was used to prepare a potent rabies vaccine by adapting the kissling strain of rabies virus to frhl-2 cells, growing the virus in quantity, inactivating the virus with beta-propiolactone, and concentrating the virus by adsorption to aluminum phosphate. high levels of antibody to rabies virus, induced by the vaccine in both guinea pigs and humans at 14 days after immunization, were determined to be igg. data from ...	1985	4008986
pathogenesis of street rabies virus infections in resistant and susceptible strains of mice.	seven strains of mice were examined to determine why susceptibility differences and variations in clinical central nervous system (cns) disease occurred among these animals after intraperitoneal inoculation of street rabies virus (srv). trace experiments for infectious virus indicated that these differences were associated with restriction of virus replication within the cns. limitation of viral replication appeared to correlate with the antibody response in that prominent serum anti-srv neutral ...	1985	4020967
[pre-exposure rabies vaccination using a new duck embryo vaccine].	an economical, highly purified and concentrated duck embryo rabies vaccine (pdev) was investigated in relation to pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis. the vaccine was injected subcutaneously according to the then prescribed scheme for human diploid cell rabies vaccines (hdcv). additionally, a third dose was given on day 120. serum anti-rabies antibody levels were determined on days 0, 56, 120, und 170. on day 56 all volunteers showed an anti-rabies antibody level of at least 1.0 iu/ml, indicating th ...	1985	4023675