Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [aerosol generation and delivery systems for pulmonary drug administration: theory and practice]. | in recent years aerosol therapy has become increasingly important for the management of asthma and copd as well as for the treatment of airway and parenchymal infections in bronchiectasis and in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in the management of asthma inhaled steroids have become the mainstay of therapy in adults and children while bronchodilators have been relegated to a secondary role. while there has long been considerable controversy about the best way to generate and d ... | 1993 | 8379217 |
| clinical and laboratory markers of hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids. | a group of clinical, immunologic, and virologic variables was examined to determine if any predicted the development of hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. hypersensitivity occurred in 39 (27%) of 143 patients, who had significantly higher total lymphocyte and cd4+ and cd8+ cell counts and cd4:cd8 ratios than did those who did not develop hypersensitivity. reg ... | 1993 | 8380290 |
| evaluation of aids-related diarrhea. | a 31-year-old man was hospitalized for evaluation of chronic diarrhea accompanied by profound dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever. he had been identified as hepatitis b surface antigen-positive in 1983 and hiv antibody-positive two years later. in 1987, after a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, he had been placed on zidovudine and prophylactic pentamidine. subsequently, thrush developed, which was treated with nystatin. the patient's gastrointestinal sym ... | 1993 | 8380425 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during steroid taper in patients with primary brain tumors. | pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonitis (pcp) in immunocompromised individuals. in the non-aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) population, pcp is frequently associated with corticosteroid therapy, and the rodent model uses corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression to provoke pcp. although patients with intracranial tumors are frequently treated with long courses of corticosteroids, there have been very few descriptions of pcp in this population. we report the diagnosis and ... | 1993 | 8381584 |
| population-based estimates of antiretroviral therapy and anti-pneumocystis prophylaxis in san francisco: 1991. | using data from the san francisco men's health study and the san francisco general hospital cohort, we derived partially population-based estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antiretroviral therapy and pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis use in hiv-infected men in 1991. zidovudine, didanosine, and dideoxycytidine were the antiretroviral therapies and aerosolized pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and dapsone were the pneumocystis prophylaxis evaluated. among 81 men (29 of whom h ... | 1993 | 8381868 |
| aids associated bronchiectasis: ct features. | the occurrence of bronchiectasis has only rarely been noted among the protean manifestations of hiv infection in the lungs. we retrospectively identified bronchiectasis on ct scans in 12 hiv + and/or aids patients in the absence of either documented mycobacterial infection or a history of prior recurrent pyogenic infection. pneumonitis was documented in 10 of 12 cases. in eight cases, bronchiectasis was associated with episodes of pyogenic infection; four of these patients also had documented op ... | 1993 | 8384223 |
| pneumocystis carinii stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from alveolar macrophages through a beta-glucan-mediated mechanism. | recent studies suggest that tnf-alpha plays a central role in host defenses during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. to determine whether p. carinii directly stimulates tnf-alpha secretion, rat alveolar macrophages were cultured in the presence of purified p. carinii. whereas unstimulated alveolar macrophages released only 13.0 +/- 2.7 pg/ml of tnf-alpha into the medium, macrophages stimulated with p. carinii released 108.2 +/- 20.4 pg/ml of tnf-alpha after overnight culture (p = 0.0001). maximal ... | 1993 | 8386203 |
| [contribution of nuclear medicine to management of pulmonary complications in patients with acquired immune deficiency]. | opportunistic lung infections and malignancies are life-threatening complications in hiv-positive patients. in 72 hiv-positive patients the role of different non-invasive tests such as lung function tests, blood gas analysis, 67 gallium scanning and epithelial lung clearance with 99m tc-dtpa for the management of these patients was prospectively studied. for all non-invasive tests the mean values of patients with pulmonary complications (n = 25) differed significantly from those of asymptomatic ... | 1993 | 8386418 |
| [opportunistic infections in aids. the pulmonary manifestations]. | the initial and follow-up chest radiographs of 31 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed to assess the spectrum and frequency of opportunistic pulmonary infections. in our series, the most common pulmonary infections seen on chest films were: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (n = 17), pcp associated with cytomegalovirus (cmv) (n = 2), pcp associated with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) (n = 1), mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 7), cmv (n = 2), mai ( ... | 1993 | 8386841 |
| [disseminated toxoplasmosis in aids]. | within one year a 46-year-old hiv-positive man developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, candida oesophagitis and recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections. he finally developed a constant fever without any infection-localizing features. there was pancytopenia, increased activities of the transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase and lipase, as well as diffuse st-segment changes in the ecg and discrete pulmonary infiltrates. the anti-toxoplasmosis titre was 8 iu/ml. despite extensive ... | 1993 | 8389278 |
| dual organism infection in biopsy specimens from immunocompromised patients: two cases demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. | we report two cases in which immunocytochemistry demonstrated simultaneous infections within a single biopsy specimen obtained from each of two immunocompromised patients in whom multiple organism infection was not suspected. using a rapid immunocytochemical technique, pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans were demonstrated in a transbronchial lung biopsy from the first patient; candida and cytomegalovirus were demonstrated in an endoscopic biopsy of the esophagus from the second pati ... | 1993 | 8389846 |
| [usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique in making early diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii-pneumonia in patients with hematological neoplasms]. | recently, the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with hematological neoplasms has been markedly increasing. however, early and definitive diagnosis and treatment of these infections remain difficult. in this study, we report three patients, a 47-year-old female with atl, a 54-year-old female with cml and a 65-year-old female with atl. all these cases were complicated with pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pc) or cytomegalovirus (cmv). they were successfully treated with su ... | 1993 | 8391091 |
| pathology of cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with sustained release intravitreal ganciclovir. | an experimental sustained release intraocular device has been designed to deliver ganciclovir over a long period of time. as part of an efficacy trial, the ganciclovir intraocular device was used to treat cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | 1993 | 8391675 |
| pneumocystis carinii induces the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic organism that causes severe lung injury in immunocompromised hosts. macrophage responses to p. carinii are poorly defined. arachidonic acid (aa) and its metabolites are potent mediators of inflammation and have been implicated in host response to microorganisms. we therefore examined the production of eicosanoids from rat and rabbit alveolar macrophages stimulated with purified p. carinii. [14c]aa-labeled rabbit macrophages released 8.50 +/- 1.33% of the ... | 1993 | 8393326 |
| utilization of on-site primary care services by hiv-seropositive and seronegative drug users in a methadone maintenance program. | the feasibility of on-site primary care services and their use by human immunodeficiency virus hiv-seropositive and seronegative injecting drug users within an outpatient methadone maintenance program are examined. a 16-month prospective study was conducted within an ongoing cohort study of hiv infection at a new york city methadone program with on-site primary care services. the study group consisted of 212 seropositive and 264 seronegative drug injectors. a computerized medical encounter data ... | 1993 | 8393579 |
| widely disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection associated with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. | we have described the case of a 46-year-old man with disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection associated with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. because cmv causes endothelial damage in the lungs, we suggest that cmv pneumonitis is a risk factor for dissemination of p carinii infection beyond the lungs. | 1993 | 8394602 |
| activity of topoisomerase inhibitors against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in an inoculated mouse model. | five topoisomerase ii inhibitors (amsacrine [m-amsa], two epipodophyllotoxins, and two quinolones) and the alkaloid camptothecin (a topoisomerase i inhibitor) were evaluated to assess their activities against pneumocystis carinii. in vitro, both etoposide (vp-16) and teniposide (vm-26) at 1 microgram/ml suppressed p. carinii growth. amsacrine was toxic to p. carinii and to the feeder cells in vitro. camptothecin suppressed the growth of p. carinii in vitro only at 100 micrograms/ml. studies in i ... | 1993 | 8395791 |
| the multifunctional folic acid synthesis fas gene of pneumocystis carinii encodes dihydroneopterin aldolase, hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase and dihydropteroate synthase. | the nucleotide sequence of a folic acid synthesis (fas) gene from pneumocystis carinii contains an open reading frame (orf) that predicts a protein of 740 amino acids with an m(r) of 83,979. a recombinant baculovirus was constructed which directed expression of the predicted fas740 polypeptide in cultured spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells. the overexpressed 'full-length' protein migrated anomalously in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels, with an apparent molecular mass of 71.5 kda ... | 1993 | 8397083 |
| prophylaxis and treatment of infection in the bone marrow transplant recipient. | considerable progress has been made in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections in the bone marrow transplant recipient. much of this progress is related to the availability of many new antimicrobial agents and biological products, as well as to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of infections. because of the expense associated with many of these agents and products, defensive strategies against infections must consider not only effectiveness but also cost (table 16.9). it is now p ... | 1993 | 8397916 |
| pulmonary function tests in hiv-infected patients. | to evaluate alterations in lung function during the course of hiv infection. | 1993 | 8397943 |
| prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8397957 | |
| tissue-culture isolation of pneumocystis carinii from peripheral blood of aids patients with pcp. | 1993 | 8397960 | |
| fatal pneumocystis pneumonia in a child treated for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. | a 4-year-old female with nephrotic syndrome secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) was treated with pulse methylprednisolone and chlorambucil therapy. she subsequently developed fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this is the first report of a pediatric patient whose treatment for fsgs resulted in pcp, raising the issue of pcp prophylaxis for these patients. | 1993 | 8398658 |
| effects of 8-aminoquinolines on the ultrastructural morphology of pneumocystis carinii. | primaquine and other 8-aminoquinolines are effective against pneumocystis carinii in culture and animal models but the way(s) in which they affect p. carinii are not known. this study used transmission electron microscopy to observe early effects of 8-aminoquinolines on p. carinii grown with human embryonic lung fibroblasts in microcarrier suspension culture. the 8-aminoquinolines evaluated were primaquine and walter reed army institute for research (wr) compounds wr6026, wr238605 and wr242511. ... | 1993 | 8398811 |
| clinical manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus in women in louisiana. | to better understand the clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women in louisiana, we conducted a retrospective review of the records of hiv-infected women who presented to the largest hiv outpatient clinic in louisiana as well as to a tertiary care university hospital in new orleans between january 1987 and december 1991. a total of 224 women were evaluated. gynecologic examinations revealed that 17.5% had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and that 35% had ... | 1993 | 8399861 |
| clindamycin/primaquine versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a randomized, double-blind pilot trial. | the aim of this double-blind pilot trial was to compare clindamycin/primaquine with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) as primary treatment for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the focus was on toxicity and tolerability since comparisons of efficacy were limited by the small sample size. sixty-five individuals with a first episode of possible pcp were randomly assigned to receive clindamycin/primaquine (34 patients) or tmp-smz (31 patients). pcp was subsequently proven mic ... | 1993 | 8399863 |
| quantitative differences in phagocytosis and degradation of pneumocystis carinii by alveolar macrophages in aids and non-hiv patients in vivo. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens (n = 213) from aids and non-hiv immunosuppressed patients were investigated for the presence of pneumocystis carinii infection by fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained slides. alveolar casts, extracellular pneumocysts and phagocytosed cysts and their degradation products in pulmonary alveolar macrophages were identified. the number of phagocytosed pneumocysts within human pulmonary alveolar macrophages was recorded and correlated with the number o ... | 1993 | 8400057 |
| results of fludarabine and prednisone therapy in 264 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model for response to treatment. | two hundred sixty-four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with fludarabine 30 mg/m2 intravenously for 30 minutes each day for 5 days and with prednisone 30 mg/m2 orally each day for 5 days. courses were repeated monthly. of the 264 patients. 125 patients (47%) had rai stage iii-iv disease; 169 patients (64%) were previously treated with a median of 3 prior regimens; and 138 of them (82%) were refractory to therapy with alkylating agents. the overall response (or) and complet ... | 1993 | 8400226 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia monitored by p. carinii shedding in sputum by the polymerase chain reaction. | this study investigated the efficacy of applying the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique to the monitoring of therapy to p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). the pcr method was sensitive enough to determine p. carinii shedding in sputum samples which was not detectable by diff-quik (international reagent corp., kobe, japan) stain. by pcr, p. carinii disappeared in sputa on days 8 to 15 after treatment. clinical improvements correlated with the loss of detectable p. carinii. this study represents a ... | 1993 | 8400495 |
| five-year experience of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 national screening program implemented at veterans general hospital-taipei. | from july 1986 through june 1990, 33,199 sera from various risk groups were collected in veterans general hospital-taipei for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1). sixty-five samples were proved positive by western blot analysis. among individual high risk groups, hemophiliacs had the highest positive rate of 20/60 (29.41%), followed by homosexual/bisexual males (41/1,264, 3.24%). the overall positive rate was 65/33,199 (0.19%). ten cases were recognized as ... | 1993 | 8402370 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity as a marker of hypersensitivity to sulphamethoxazole in patients with hiv. | hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in patients with hiv infection may be a result of either immune dysregulation, a direct cytotoxicity of the smx-hydroxylamine metabolite (smx-ha) (rather than smx per se), or glutathione deficiency. we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of smx and smx-ha to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of hiv-infected subjects to determine if the degree of in vitro cytotoxicity is associated with hypersensitivity, whether glutathione inhi ... | 1993 | 8403509 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in hiv-seropositive patients by identification of p carinii in pleural fluid. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common pulmonary complication of aids and is typically diagnosed by the identification of p carinii organisms in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue obtained with transbronchial biopsy. we describe two hiv-seropositive patients with pleural effusions in whom the diagnosis of p carinii infection was made by examination of pleural fluid. pleural effusions associated with pcp are very unusual but can provide a source of diagnostic materia ... | 1993 | 8404120 |
| leucovorin protection against repeated daily dose toxicity of trimetrexate in rats. | repeated high doses of trimetrexate (tmx), a potent non-classical antifolate, have been administered as an experimental treatment for life-threatening pneumocystis carinii infections in man. this therapy includes the coadministration of leucovorin, a reduced folate cofactor, to prevent antifolate toxicity in the host. the purpose of this investigation was to assess possible toxicologic sequelae of this combination regimen in an animal model. tmx at daily oral doses of 25, 35, and 45 mg/kg produc ... | 1993 | 8405788 |
| proliferative and cytokine responses to a major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | naturally derived t-cell responses by rats to a 120-kda major surface glycoprotein (msg) of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii were analyzed in vitro. specific cytokines elicited by the t-cell response to the msg were also identified. msg was purified from rat-derived p. carinii by three different techniques: lectin affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroelution, and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. the cell-media ... | 1993 | 8406869 |
| genetic stability and diversity of pneumocystis carinii infecting rat colonies. | there is increasing molecular and antigenic evidence that pneumocystis carinii organisms isolated from humans, ferrets, and rats are different species. in contrast, little is known about the extent of genetic diversity among p. carinii strains found within a single mammalian species. in the present study, electrophoretic karyotypes were obtained from p. carinii prepared from 10 chronically immunosuppressed rat colonies to investigate diversity at the chromosomal level. most organism preparations ... | 1993 | 8406881 |
| clinical manifestations of 174 aids cases in maharaj nakorn chiang mai hospital. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has, since it was first reported in 1981, become a worldwide epidemic. the immunosuppressive nature of hiv results in opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and other pathological conditions. clinical manifestations of these conditions are often the first indication that an individual is infected with hiv. this article reports and describes the clinical findings for 174 hiv-positive patients and is intended to educate thai physicians concerning the rising ... | 1993 | 8408918 |
| indium-111-labeled polyclonal human immunoglobulin: identifying focal infection in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus. | pooled human immunoglobulin labeled with indium-111 (111in-higg) was used to identify the presence and extent of infection in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), presenting with either symptoms and/or signs of acute chest infection or with pyrexia without localizing signs or symptoms. fifty-five studies were performed in 51 patients with suspected chest infection or pyrexia without localizing signs. of these, 111in-higg identified intrapulmonary accumulation in 17 patients ... | 1993 | 8410271 |
| [principal clinical manifestations during the course of disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in pointe-noire (republic of congo). (307 cases hospitalized during 2 years at the medical service of the regional hospital of the army)]. | at the sight of the hospitalization of 307 patients, attacked by aids, inside the department of medicine of the military hospital in pointe-noire (congo) between 1990-1992, the authors try to point out the principal epidemiological characteristics of their patients; give a semeiological and clinical descriptions of the key symptoms encountered; try to draw a scale depending on the apparition and frequency of the opportunistic infections. the great number of some diseases (tuberculosis, cryptococ ... | 1993 | 8412594 |
| efficacy and safety of dapsone prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone) is recommended as an alternative agent for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. we reviewed our experience over the past 100 months with 20 children (age range, 2 months to 13 years) who received dapsone and examined the safety and efficacy of this regimen. dapsone was taken for an average of 7.33 months/patient or a total of 4410 days by those children in whom safety could be assessed. three of th ... | 1993 | 8414776 |
| diagnostic success of bronchoscopic biopsy in immunocompromised patients with acute pulmonary disease: predictive value of disease distribution as shown on ct. | the purpose of the study was to determine if the distribution of pulmonary opacities on ct scans could be used to predict the outcome of bronchoscopic biopsy procedures in immunocompromised non-aids patients with acute pulmonary complications. | 1993 | 8416634 |
| recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. u.s. public health service task force on antipneumocystis prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1993 | 8417174 | |
| survival with aids in massachusetts, 1979 to 1989. | the goal of the study was to determine survival time after diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and to identify predictors of survival. | 1993 | 8417611 |
| a three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome. | fifty-eight consecutive patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively during a three-year period. the group included 44 men and 14 women (mean age: 45.0 +/- 15.7 years). the cause of pneumonia was diagnosed in 35 (60.3 percent) cases, and the most common pathogens were streptococcus pneumoniae (37.1 percent), legionella pneumophila (22.8 percent) and gram-negative bacilli (11.4 percent). the fact that mycobacterium tuberculosis was present in four (11.4 percent) pa ... | 1993 | 8417885 |
| disseminated pneumocystosis presenting as a pleural effusion. | extrapulmonary pneumocystosis recently has been reported in a number of tissues. most cases occurred in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. we report a case of disseminated pneumocystosis presenting as a large pleural effusion without apparent lung involvement where pneumocystis carinii was the only pathogen identified. the absence of parenchymal lesions on chest x-ray film, the lack of hypoxemia and the minimal uptake of gallium all argue against significant lung involvement ... | 1993 | 8417913 |
| interleukin-6 production in a murine model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: relation to resistance and inflammatory response. | the production of interleukin-6 (il-6) and its possible relationship to host resistance and inflammatory response to pneumocystis carinii infection were examined in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid mice). il-6 activity was detected in the serum and lungs of p. carinii-infected mice but not in mice free of p. carinii. moreover, the il-6 levels in p. carinii-infected mice increased markedly after spleen cell reconstitution but then decreased to an undetectable level after the clear ... | 1993 | 8418070 |
| failure of intravenous pentamidine prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8419606 | |
| long-term results of monthly inhaled pentamidine as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of inhaled pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1993 | 8420298 |
| s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors: new aryl and heteroaryl analogues of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). | a series of 3-acylbenzamidine (amidino)hydrazones 7a-h, the corresponding (hetero)aromatic congeners 7i-p, and 3,3'-bis-amidino-biaryls 25a-e were synthesized. the hydrazones 7a-p were prepared by conversion of the corresponding acyl nitriles 1a,c-d,i,n-p to the imido esters 3a,c-d,i and the amidines 5a,c-d,h-i, followed by a reaction with aminoguanidine, or vice versa. similarly, the biaryl 3,3'-dinitriles 23a-e were converted, via the imino esters 24a-c or the imino thioesters 27d-e, to the di ... | 1993 | 8421290 |
| outcome of intensive care for patients with aids. | data on the outcome of intensive care for patients with aids have been reported since 1984. most published statistics focus on the outcome of respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the most frequent reason for admission to the icu. survival appears to be improving in recent years, partly due to the use of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy. | 1993 | 8422611 |
| acute respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii is the most frequent indication for admission of aids patients to intensive care units. in this article, an approach to the diagnosis and management of this condition will be presented along with prognostic information. differential diagnosis will be discussed, and characteristic responses to current standard and alternative chemotherapeutic agents and modes of ventilatory support will be reviewed. | 1993 | 8422615 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with cancer. an increasing incidence. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is increasing in patients with cancer. possible nosocomial transmission from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome to those with cancer has been advocated. | 1993 | 8422642 |
| cloning and characterization of an alpha-tubulin-encoding gene from rat-derived pneumocystis carinii. | the gene and cdna (tub1) encoding an alpha-tubulin (alpha-tub) from pneumocystis carinii carried in rats were isolated and sequenced. the gene produced a 1.4-kb transcript that contained an open reading frame of 1347 nucleotides coding for a protein of 50,326 da. the nt sequence of tub1 of p. carinii was 65-71% identical to other tub1 genes, including those of yeast and human. the deduced amino acid sequence of p. carinii alpha-tub showed 75-84% identity to other alpha-tubs. eight small introns ... | 1993 | 8422998 |
| refolding of recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase and characterization of the enzyme. | the isolation of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) cdna sequences from the messenger rna of pneumocystis carinii using the polymerase chain reaction is described. the 206-amino acid p. carinii dhfr was expressed to high levels in escherichia coli inclusion bodies using the t7 promoter expression system. solubilization of the inclusion bodies in 4 m guanidine hydrochloride and refolding of the recombinant protein in the presence of 0.5% polyethylene glycol 1450 yielded correctly folded dhfr which wa ... | 1993 | 8425104 |
| prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been one of the major factors responsible for increasing patient survival. secondary prophylaxis of most opportunistic infections is warranted, although in most instances the optimal therapy remains to be determined. primary prophylaxis of opportunistic infections is an attractive concept, as the majority of opportunistic infections are reactivations of latent infections. primary prophylaxis ... | 1993 | 8426303 |
| pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis. report of three cases and review of the literature. | pneumocystis carinii infection of the thyroid gland has previously been described in only four living patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three of whom had been receiving inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis against p carinii pneumonia. we treated three additional patients with p carinii thyroid involvement, all of whom were receiving aerosolized pentamidine. two of our patients presented with clinical features suggestive of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. the diagnosis of p carinii ... | 1993 | 8427542 |
| hiv impairs alveolar macrophage mannose receptor function against pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8428526 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as asthma: increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | two male patients presented with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with typical bronchial asthma and subsequently developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). only on subsequent questioning did both admit to homosexuality and behavior associated with a high risk of hiv-infection. in order to determine how frequently reversible airway obstruction is seen in patients with pcp, we measured peak expiratory flow rates (pefr) before and after bronchodilator administration in 37 of these p ... | 1993 | 8430922 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia preceding childhood lymphoma. | 1993 | 8432078 | |
| increased pneumocystis carinii recovery from the upper lobes in pneumocystis pneumonia. the effect of aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. | to determine the relative distribution of pneumocystis carinii in the lungs of patients with p carinii pneumonia and to see the effect of aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis on this distribution. | 1993 | 8432132 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was developed for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in induced sputum and bronchoscopic alveolar lavage samples. the primer pair was selected from the published sequence of the thymidylate synthase gene of p. carinii derived from infected rats. the amplified dna fragment of 403 bp was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and by southern and slot blot hybridization. no positive reaction was seen with dna from different microorganisms typica ... | 1993 | 8432806 |
| molecular characterization of a novel repetitive element from pneumocystis carinii from rats. | a repetitive dna sequence, rp-alpha, was isolated from rat-derived pneumocystis carinii. the genome of rat-derived p. carinii contained 10 to 15 copies of rp-alpha, which were located on most chromosomes, but no rp-alpha could be detected in p. carinii derived from either humans or mice. sequence analysis of two copies of the repeat showed them to be related but distinct. each of them contained several copies of the 9-base sequence taaccctaa, arranged as direct repeats. oligonucleotides consisti ... | 1993 | 8432809 |
| detection of hiv-1 provirus in bronchoalveolar lavage cells by polymerase chain reaction. | this study was undertaken to evaluate whether hiv-seropositive individuals harbor hiv provirus in cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). bal cells were obtained from 14 hiv-positive patients undergoing bronchoscopy for evaluation of acute pulmonary symptoms. cells were fractionated into macrophage-enriched and lymphocyte-enriched populations. the quantity of hiv-1 proviral dna in the unfractionated bal cells and in each population of fractionated cells was determined following polymeras ... | 1993 | 8433281 |
| preventive health care for adults with hiv infection. | to assess the level of evidence for preventive health interventions for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1993 | 8433470 |
| [epidemiologic and clinical aspects of hiv infection in homosexual patients and intravenous drug addicts in a comparative study]. | the clinical course of hiv-infection was analysed in a group of homosexual patients (n = 76, 72%) compared to intravenous drug abusers (ivda, n = 30, 28%) in a retrospective cross-sectional study. the mean age of homosexual patients was 37.5 years compared to 28 years for ivda. the following diseases are found significantly more frequently in homosexual patients compared to ivda: pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia (pcp) 17.1% vs. 0% (p < 0.05); kaposi' sarcoma 16% vs. 0% (p < 0.05); diarrhoea 47.4% ... | 1993 | 8435541 |
| seizure after lidocaine for bronchoscopy: case report and review of the use of lidocaine in airway anesthesia. | lidocaine-induced seizures have been reported after topical administration. a 30-year-old, 48-kg women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, chronic end-stage renal failure, anemia, congestive heart failure (chf), cardiomyopathy, and increased liver function tests was admitted to the hospital with fever, chills, and dry cough. bronchoscopy was performed to rule out pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis; the patient experienced seizure activity after administration of a total dose of topical lidoca ... | 1993 | 8437971 |
| pneumothorax in patients with aids. | eighty-seven inpatients were treated for 93 episodes of pneumocystis carinii at st mary's hospital between january 1989 and december 1990. during this period, 298 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were treated at this hospital. sixteen episodes of pneumothorax occurred and 12 of these, occurring in ten patients, were unrelated to procedure. in six of 12 (50%), the pneumothoraces occurred concurrently with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and in ten (83%) cases there ... | 1993 | 8438099 |
| cytologic evaluation of serous effusions. processing techniques and optimal number of smears for routine preparation. | a double-blind retrospective review of 90 pleural and ascitic fluids was performed to determine the optimal number of smears necessary to produce an accurate evaluation, and to analyze the utility of different preparation techniques. each case had four papanicolaou-stained smears (two alcohol fixed and two saccomanno fixed) and one diff-quik-stained, air-dried smear. forty cases originally were reported as positive (37 adenocarcinoma, 1 lymphoma, and 2 pneumocystis carinii) and 50 were reported ... | 1993 | 8438792 |
| the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in germ-free rats requires immunosuppression and exposure to the pneumocystis carinii organism. | adult germ-free rats treated with dexamethasone and exposed to a non-sterile environment did not harbor or develop pneumocystis carinii cysts or trophozoites after 10 weeks of immunosuppression. only when they were exposed to infected, conventional rats and treated with dexamethasone for 8 weeks or longer, did adult germ-free rats develop p. carinii infection. | 1993 | 8440087 |
| pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in bujumbura, burundi. | to determine the types of pulmonary disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we conducted a prospective study of 302 consecutive patients admitted for acute respiratory disease to a university hospital in bujumbura, burundi. diagnoses were made according to well-defined criteria. of the total, 222 patients (73.5%) were hiv seropositive, with women younger than men. features suggestive of underlying hiv infection were the clinical findings of oral thrush, peripheral l ... | 1993 | 8442602 |
| primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomized trial comparing cotrimoxazole, aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone plus pyrimethamine. | to compare the efficacy and tolerance of monthly aerosolized pentamidine versus cotrimoxazole versus dapsone plus pyrimethamine to prevent the initial episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | 1993 | 8442918 |
| diagnosis of perirectal pneumocystis carinii infection by direct immunofluorescence. | 1993 | 8443322 | |
| rational approach to the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) | 1993 | 8444287 | |
| cost effectiveness of the induced sputum technique for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | the purpose of this study was to assess: 1) the percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) but unable to undergo the induced sputum procedure, together with the reasons involved; 2) the sensitivity and specificity of induced sputum procedure, using conventional stains and an immunofluorescence test; and 3) the cost of introducing induced sputum procedure for the diagnosis of pcp. one hundred and thirty eight hiv-infected ... | 1993 | 8444297 |
| comparing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylactic regimens. | 1993 | 8447720 | |
| infections in human liver recipients: different patterns early and late after transplantation. | the first 49 consecutive patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between 1984 and 1989 in our department were studied with regard to symptomatic and asymptomatic post-transplantation infections. the major infections carrying a risk of fatal outcome are presented. during the first 4 weeks, fungal and bacterial infections predominated, the percentages of patients affected being 27% and 35%, respectively. eight patients (17%) suffered from bacterial septicemia, which in six cases wa ... | 1993 | 8447929 |
| hepatic and pulmonary pneumocystosis during primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with dapsone/pyrimethamine. | 1993 | 8448298 | |
| intramuscular pentamidine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 96 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who received intramuscular pentamidine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). these patients, all of whom had either a history of pcp or a cd4 lymphocyte count of < or = 0.2 x 10(9)/l, were intolerant of sulfa drugs, neutropenic, or intolerant of aerosolized treatment. intramuscular pentamidine was given monthly by the z-track technique at a dosage of 300 mg (4 mg/kg if the ... | 1993 | 8448314 |
| persistent bronchopleural fistulae in an aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. successful treatment with chemical pleurodesis. | 1993 | 8449119 | |
| multiple genes encode the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii, a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, is an abundant glycoprotein that functions in host-organism interactions. a monoclonal antibody to this antigen is protective in animals, and thus this antigen is a good candidate for development as a vaccine to prevent or control p. carinii infection. we have cloned and sequenced seven related but unique genes encoding the major surface glycoprotein of ... | 1993 | 8449961 |
| atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8450807 | |
| pneumocystis carinii organisms obtained from rats, ferrets, and mice are antigenically different. | pneumocystis carinii infections were developed in animals immunosuppressed by dexamethasone treatment either from activation of latent infection (ferret) or by transtracheal inoculation with p. carinii-infected lung tissue from the homologous species (rat or mouse). convalescent-phase antisera were obtained by stopping dexamethasone treatment after 2 to 4 weeks and allowing animals 5 to 8 weeks for recovery. p. carinii harvests from infected lungs were purified by differential filtration, solubi ... | 1993 | 8454333 |
| exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient (scid) mice by concurrent infection with a pneumovirus. | scid mice naturally infected with pneumocystis carinii and inoculated with a normally apathogenic pneumovirus had significantly higher p. carinii cyst counts and developed significantly more severe p. carinii-related disease than did sham-inoculated, p. carinii-infected scid mice. p. carinii-free, virus-infected scid mice survived for 2 months despite high pulmonary virus titers. these results show that a respiratory virus infection can exacerbate p. carinii disease in an immunocompromised-roden ... | 1993 | 8454368 |
| pathologic quiz case 2. pneumocystis carinii infection of the external auditory canal. | 1993 | 8457312 | |
| use of the uv paralens adapter as an alternative to conventional fluorescence microscopy for detection of pneumocystis carinii in direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody-stained pulmonary specimens. | the uv paralens light microscope adapter offers a useful and cost-effective alternative to conventional fluorescence microscopy for pneumocystis carinii identification, particularly in aids patients. in a blinded study, in which 153 pulmonary specimens were examined for p. carinii by direct immunofluorescence, 40 of 42 specimens positive by fluorescence microscopy were also positive by paralens. no false positives were observed. | 1993 | 8458971 |
| quantitative and qualitative comparison of dna amplification by pcr with immunofluorescence staining for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the results of dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with immunofluorescence staining for detecting pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens taken from symptomatic hiv seropositive patients with suspected p carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1993 | 8459034 |
| lethal exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficiency mice after infection by pneumonia virus of mice. | mice homozygous for the mutant allele scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) have been described as excellent models for pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp), a major health problem in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunodeficiency states. other microorganisms have been shown to infect aids patients simultaneously with pc, but whether one opportunist is able to directly influence the pathogenicity of another has not been determined previously. we have d ... | 1993 | 8459214 |
| multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of 12 milligrams of trimethoprim and 60 milligrams of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight per day in healthy volunteers. | the disposition of 12 mg of trimethoprim and 60 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg of body weight in six healthy male volunteers is described. the daily dose was evenly divided and administered orally every 6 h for 13 consecutive doses. individual drug components were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. steady-state concentrations in serum for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were within the purported therapeutic ranges for treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. co-trimoxazole was w ... | 1993 | 8460913 |
| protein s deficiency in men with long-term human immunodeficiency virus infection. | decreases in protein s levels have recently been reported in some human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. to examine predisposing factors, 25 men randomly selected from a long-term study of hiv-infected patients were studied. the minimum mean duration of hiv seropositivity in this group was 106.6 months (range 15 to 143 months). no patients were anticoagulated at the time of the study. three of the 25 randomly selected patients gave a history of thrombosis, in each instance occurri ... | 1993 | 8461466 |
| the challenge of pneumocystis carinii culture. | published and unpublished data on the cultivation of p. carinii were reviewed by a panel of investigators convened by the national institutes of health. although several cell culture systems allow propagation of p. carinii for a limited time with modest rates of replication, these have not proved adequate for isolation of p. carinii in sufficient quantity to explore important basic biological investigation. attempts at cell-free culture have yielded only transient proliferation. because much of ... | 1993 | 8461892 |
| electrophoretic detection of chitinase isoenzymes using the phastsystem. | zymographic assays are described for the detection of chitinase isoenzymes following isoelectric focusing. method 1 used a polyacrylamide overlay gel containing glycol chitin. following hydrolysis, visualisation of isoenzymes was achieved by fluorescent counter-staining of the gel with fluorescent brightener 28. method 2 used a cellulose acetate membrane overlay which incorporates 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates, hydrolysis of which released a fluorescent product (4-methylumbelliferone). the pis ... | 1993 | 8462510 |
| preliminary crystallographic data for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii has been crystallized in a form suitable for high resolution x-ray diffraction studies. recombinant enzyme that had been refolded following solubilization in guanidinium hydrochloride was crystallized as both a ternary complex with the cofactor nadph and the inhibitor trimethoprim as well as a binary complex with nadph. the two types of complex crystallized isomorphously from polyethylene glycol using sitting-drop vapour diffusion. the crystals w ... | 1993 | 8464076 |
| [pulmonary cavitations caused by pneumocystis carinii in an hiv+ patient]. | 1993 | 8465035 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis in tanzanian patients infected with hiv. | between august and december 1991 in tanzania, a study to determine the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii and of tuberculosis occurred among 83 18-38 year old hiv seropositive people living in the rural area of malenga makali in iringa district. the adults had difficulty breathing, cough, fever of at least 2 weeks duration, or overt pneumonia. 3.6% of the sputum samples were confirmed positive for p. carinii. 38.5% of preparations and 13.2% of cultures tested positive for mycobacterium tuberc ... | 1993 | 8465396 |
| the treatment-free incubation period of aids in a cohort of homosexual men. | the treatment-free incubation period distribution was estimated from data obtained from a cohort of homo/bisexual men in amsterdam. | 1993 | 8466686 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii in foals with respiratory distress. | five 3-month-old foals presenting with fever and respiratory disease were found to have pulmonary abscesses with patchy to diffuse alveolar and interstitial pneumonia on post-mortem examination. all affected foals had evidence of rhodococcus equi infection and had few to abundant pneumocystis carinii cysts in the sections of affected lung. of the 5 foals examined radiographically, 3 had a distinct reticulonodular (miliary) pattern which may aid in the ante-mortem diagnosis of p. carinii pneumoni ... | 1993 | 8467767 |
| comparative study of the isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from the lung and peripheral blood of aids patients. | hiv-1 proviral dna was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in leucocytes from the peripheral blood (pbl) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of 100% and 72%, respectively, of hiv-1 seropositive patients. infective virus isolated by cocultivation was recovered from the pbl and bal of 50% and 59% of individuals, respectively. isolation of hiv-1 was more readily made from the lung of individuals undergoing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) than from patients with non-pcp lung infections ... | 1993 | 8468563 |
| in situ hybridization analysis of developmental stages of pneumocystis carinii that are transcriptionally active for a major surface glycoprotein gene. | an abundant glycoprotein on the surface of pneumocystis carinii, termed gpa or gp120, is thought to play a role in the interaction of this opportunistic pathogen with its host. using rna:rna hybridization techniques, the in situ expression of gpa mrna in developmental forms of the organism was investigated in a ferret model of p. carinii pneumonia. the results suggested that the relative abundance of gpa-specific mrna was variable in different developmental stages of ferret p. carinii. p. carini ... | 1993 | 8469111 |
| a 55 kda antigen of pneumocystis carinii: analysis of the cellular immune response and characterization of the gene. | rat-derived pneumocystis carinii contains a major antigen complex of 45-55 kda. the fusion protein of a cdna encoding the 3' portion of the 55kda antigen, which had previously been shown to be recognized by serum antibodies of exposed subjects, was investigated for its ability to stimulate a cellular immune response. rats exposed to p. carinii via the environment exhibited a vigorous proliferative response to the antigen whereas unexposed rats did not. the full-length cdna for a 55kda antigen wa ... | 1993 | 8469116 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids. | today, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is typically associated with aids. however, in the pre-aids era, pcp was known to be associated with various immunodeficiency states, malignancies, and immunosuppressive therapy, particularly the use of corticosteroids. pcp has been reported to occur during immuno-suppressive therapy of some chronic inflammatory states, but it has never been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. we report two patients with ulcerative colitis who develop ... | 1993 | 8470640 |
| utility of dapsone for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-intolerant, hiv-infected individuals. | to determine the safety and efficacy of 100 mg dapsone three times weekly for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in hiv-infected, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx)-intolerant patients. | 1993 | 8471198 |